Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/DNB Epitome 24

This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 24 running from name Hailes to name Harriott.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 24 Hailes - Harriott. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

{{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: ^{[link currently leads to a wrong person]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text ^{[disambiguation needed]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - Y
{{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - Y Y
{{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - Y N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

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Notes[edit]

^ Hailes, third Baron (d. 1508). See Patrick Hepburn.
^ Lord Hailes (1726–1792). See David Dalrymple.
^ William Anthony Hails or Hailes (1766-1845), author; while working as a shipwright acquired knowledge of classics and Hebrew; published Nugae Poeticae (1806) and controversial tracts against Socinianlsm and unitarianism.
^ Edward Hailstone (1818–1890), author of Portraits of Yorkshire Worthies (1869); son of Samuel Hailstone
^ John Hailstone (1759–1847), geologist; second wrangler, Trinity College Cambridge, 1782: fellow, 1784; Woodwardian professor of geology, Cambridge, 1788-1818; vicar of Trumpington, 1818-47; F.R.S., 1801; original member of Geological Society; made additions to Woodwardian Museum.
^ Samuel Hailstone (1768–1851), botanist; brother of John Hailstone; solicitor at Bradford; leading authority on Yorkshire flora.
^ Haimo (d. 1054). See Haymo.
^ Herbert Haines (1826–1872), archaeologist; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1851; as undergraduate, published Manual for the Study of Monumental 1848; second master, college school, Gloucester, 1850-73; published guide to Gloucester Cathedral, 1867.
^ John Thomas Haines (1799?–1843), actor and dramatist; author of many popular melodramas, in some of which he acted, including My Poll and my Partner Joe (1835), and several nautical dramas.
^ Joseph Haines or Haynes (d. 1701), actor; known as Count Haines; educated at Queen's College, Oxford: Latin secretary to Sir Joseph Williamson; dancer and afterwards actor at Theatre Royal; Benito in Dryden's Assignation written expressly for him, 1672; the original Sparkish in the Country Wife 1673, and Lord Plausible in the Plain Dealer 1674; his best parts Noll Bluff in Congreve's Old Batchelor and Roger in JEfop; recited prologues and epilogues.
^ William Haines (1778–1848), engraver and painter; worked on Boydell-Sbakespeare plates; made drawings at the Cape, and engravings at Philadelphia, 1800-5; painted miniatures in London.
^ John James Haite (d. 1874), musical composer; published Favourite Melodies as Quintets 1866, Principles of Natural Harmony 1855, and other musical compositions.
^ Edward Hake (fl. 1579), satirist; mayor of Windsor, 1586; M.P., Windsor, 1588-9: satirised clerical and other abuses in pieces, including Newes out of Powles Churchyarde 1567, 1579 (reprinted in Ishain Reprints 1872), and* A Touchstone for this Time Present 1574; translated the Imitatio Christi 1567.
^ Thomas Gordon Hake (1809–1895), physician and poet; educated at Christ's Hospital; studied medicine at St. George's Hospital and at Glasgow and Edinburgh; practised successively at Brighton, Bury St. Edmund's, and Roehamptou (filling post of physician to West London Hospital), and finally settled at St. John's Wood, London. He published, between 1839 and 1890, several volumes of poems, the earlier of which were highly appreciated by Dante Rossetti, whom Hake attended during his last days (1872). His Memoirs of Eighty Years appeared, 1892.
^ Arthur William Hakewill (1808–1856), architect; elder son of James Hakewill q. v.; published Apology for the Architectural Monstrosities of London 1835, and other architectural works.
^ Edward Charles Hakewill (1812–1872), architect, younger son of Henry Hakewill; designed churches in Suffolk and East London; published The Temple 1851.
^ George Hakewill (1578–1649), divine; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1596-1611; M.A., 1602; D.D., 1611; rector of Exeter College, 1642-9; chaplain to Prince Charles, 1612, but dismissed on account of manuscript treatise against the Spanish match; archdeacon of Surrey, 1617; rector of Heanton Purchardon during civil war; built chapel for Exeter College (consecrated 1624); one of the writers on whom Johnson formed his style. His works include The Vanitie of the Eie (last edit. 1633), a Latin treatise against regicides, 1612, and Apologie... of the Power and Providence of God 1627.
^ Henry Hakewill (1771–1830), architect; eldest son of John Hakewill; designed Gothic buildings and chapel at Rugby, Rendlesham House, and Cave Castle.
^ Henry James Hakewill (1813–1834), sculptor; son of James Hakewill; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1832.
^ James Hakewill (1778–1843), architect; son of John Hakewill; published Views of the Neighbourhood of Windsor 1813,Picturesque Tour of Italy 1817 (with drawings finished by Turner), and Picturesque Tour in the Island of Jamaica 1821.
^ John Hakewill (1742–1791), painter and decorator; employed on decorative work at Blenheim and other mansions; exhibited at Society of Artists, mainly portraits.
^ John Henry Hakewill (1811–1880), architect; elder son of Henry Hakewill.
^ William Hakewill (1574–1656), legal antiquary; brother of George Hakewill; M.P., Bossiney, 1601, Michell, 1604-11, Tregony, 1614-28, and Amersham, 1628-9; kinsman and executor of Sir Thomas Bodley; M.A. Oxford, 1613; member of commission to revise tbe laws, 1614.; solicitor-general to James I's queen, 1617; bencher of Lincoln's Inn; master of chancery, 1647; chief works, Libertie of the Subject against the pretended Power of Imposition 1641, and The Manner how Statutes are enacted in Parliament 1641.
^ Richard Hakluyt (1552?-1616), geographer; of Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1577; publishedDivers Voyages touching the Discovery of America 1582; chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford, ambassador at Paris, 1583-8; prebendary of Bristol, 1586; rector of Wetheringsett, 1590; archdeacon of Westminster, 1603; a chief adventurer in the South Virginian Company; buried in Westminster Abbey; hisPrincipall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation issued, 1589, and (much enlarged) 3 vols. 16981600; published alsoA notable History, containing four Voyages made by certain French Captains into Florida 1587, and translations.
^ John Halcomb (1790–1852), serjeant-at-law; barrister, Inner Temple: M.P., Dover, 1831-5; published 'Practical Treatise on passing Private Bills 1836.
^ Daniel Rutherford Haldane (1824–1887), physician; son of James Alexander Haldane; M.D. Edinburgh, 1848; president, Edinburgh College of Physicians; LL.D. at tercentenary of Edinburgh University,
^ James Alexander Haldane (1768–1851), religious writer; made voyages to India and China as midshipman on an East Indiaman; first congregational minister in Scotland, 1799; founded Society for Propagating the Gospel at Home, 1797; baptist, 1808; took part in most contemporary religious controversies; published journal of his first evangelistic tour, and devotional works.
^ Robert Haldane (1764–1842), religious writer ; brother of James Alexander Haldane; spent largely in founding and endowing tabernacles and seminaries; co-operated with his brother at Edinburgh; carried on evangelistic work in Geneva and southern France, 18161819; from 1824 attacked British and Foreign Bible Society for circulating the Apocrypha; published Evidences and Authority of Divine Revelation 1816, and Exposition of the Epistle to the Romans 1835-9.
^ Robert Haldane (1772–1854), divine : named after Robert Haldane (1764-1842); professor of mathematics at St Andrews, 1807-20; principal of St. Mary's, and primarius of divinity, 1820-54; moderator of general assembly, 1827, and at the disruption.
^ James Haldenstoun or Haddenston (d. 1443), prior of St. Andrews, 1418; member of James I's embassy to Rome, 1425.
^ Sir Frederick Haldimand (1718–1791), lieutenant-general; of Swiss birth; some years in Dutch service; lieutenant-colonel, 62nd royal Americans (king's royal rifle corps), 1756, afterwards commanding it as 60th foot: distinguished at Ticonderoga, 1768, and Oswego, 1759; with Amherst's expedition against Montreal, 1760; commanded in Florida, 1766-78; governor and commander-in-chief of Canada, 1778-85; died at Yverdun; his correspondence (1758-85) in British Museum.
^ William Haldimand (1784–1862), philanthropist; grand-nephew of Sir Frederick Haldimand ; a director of the Bank of England; M.P., Ipswich, 1820-6; gave pecuniary support to cause of Greek independence; founded Hortense Hospital, Aix-les-Bains, and a blind asylum at Lausanne; died at Denantou.
^ Sir Bernard Hale (1677–1729), judge; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1704; lord chief baron Irish exchequer, 1722; puisne baron of English exchequer and knighted, 1725.
^ Bernard Hale (. 1773), general ; son of Sir Bernard Hale; governor of Chelsea Hospital, 1773; lieutenant-general of the ordnance.
^ Horatio Hale (1817-1896), anthropologist; born at Newport, New Hampshire, United States; M.A. Harvard; ethnologist and philologist to exploring expedition under Captain Wilkes, 1838-42; admitted to Chicago bar, i 1855; resided at Clinton, Ontario, 1856-96; supervised anthropological work of British Association in Canadian North-west and British Columbia; published, 1 883, with I translation and introduction, Iroquois Book of Rites : (1714-35), the only literary American-Indian work extant, and anthropological writiiurs.
^ John Hale (d. 1800), general; son of Sir Bernard ! Hale
^ Sir Matthew Hale (1609–1676), judge ; of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, and Lincoln's Inn; counsel for Sir John Bramston (1641) and Archbishop Laud (1643) on impeachment; counsel for Lord Macguire, 1646, and tho eleven members accused by Fairfax, 1646; defended James, duke of Hamilton, 1649; said to have tendered his services to Charles I; took the oath- to the Commonwealth, but defended Christopher Love, 1651; member of committee for law reform, 1652; serjeant-atlaw, 1654; justice of common pleas, 1654; M.P., Gloucestershire, 1654, and in Convention parliament (1660), for Oxford University, 1659; prominent in the convention; lord chief baron of the exchequer, 1660; knighted, 1660: member of special court to adjudicate on questions of property arising out of the fire of 1666; presided at conviction of two women for witchcraft, 1662; endeavoured to mitigate severity of conventicle acts, and to forward comprehension; lord chief-justice of king's bench, 1671; friend of Baxter and Seldeu and of the latitudinarian bishops; published two scientific works answered by Henry More His posthumous works includeContemplations, Moral and DivinePleas of the Crown 1678,The Primitive Origination of Mankind Considered Historia Placitorum Coronse (ordered by parliament to be printed), andThe Judgment of the late Lord Chief Justice of the Nature of True Religion edited by Baxter, 1684;Works Moral and Religious edited by Rev. T. Thirlwall, 1805.
^ Richard Hale (1670–1728), physician; M.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1695; F.R.C.P., 1716; gave 500. to the Royal College of Physicians library; his Harveiau oration on English mediaeval physicians published, 1735.
^ Warren Stormes Hale (1791–1872), lord mayor of London; master of Tallow ChandlersCompany, 1849 and 1861; alderman of London, 1856; sheriff, 1858-9; lord mayor, 1864-5: chief founder of City of London School on the old foundation of John Carpenter (1370 ?1441 ?)
^ William Hale Hale (1795–1870), divine and antiquary; educated at Charterhouse and Oriel College, Oxford; M.A., 1820; domestic chaplain to Bishop Blomfield, 1824; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1829-40; archdeacon of St. Albans, 1840-2, and of London, 1842; master of the Charterhouse, 1842-70; edited (1858)The Domesday of St. Paul's of 1222 &c., theEpistles of Bishop Hall(1840), and Institutioues pise ascribed to Bishop Andrewes; published also accounts of Charterhouse and Christ's Hospital.
^ Alexander of Hales (d. 1245). See Alexander.
^ Sir Christopher Hales (d. 1541), master of the rolls; ancient of Gray's Inn, 1516; M.P., Canterbury, 1523; solicitor-general, 1526; attorney-general, 1529; preferred indictment against Wolsey, 1529: justice of assize, 1532; conducted proceedings against More, Fisher, and Anne Holey u, 1535; granted church lands in Kent.
^ Sir Edward Hales, baronet, titular Earl of Tenterden (d. 1695); at University College, Oxford, under Obadiah Walker; professed himself a papist, 1685: convicted for having acted as colonel of foot without taking the statutory oaths and the sacrament, but his plea of the king's dispensation allowed by king's bench, 1686; lieutenant of the Tower; dismissed, 1688; arrested while with James II at Faversham and imprisoned; went to St. Germain, 1690: received a Jacobite title, 1692.
^ Sir James Hales (d. 1554), judge; son of John Hales (d. 1539); ancient of Gray's Inn, 1528; serjeant-at-law, 1540; king's serjeant, 1544; K.B., 15 17: judge of common pleas, 1549; member of courts which tried Bonner and Qftl4l*Hr, and on commission for reforming ecclesiastical laws, 1551; refused to affix his seal to act of council settling the crown on Lady Jane Grey, 1553; imprisoned at instance of Gardiner, 1553-4; drowned himself after release.
^ John Hales (d. 1539), baron of the exchequer, 1522-39.
^ John Hales or Hayles (d. 1571), author; clerk of the hanaper to Henry VIII, Edward VI, and Elizabeth; converted his grant of St. John's Hospital, Coventry, into free school, 1548; as M.P. for Preston introduced measures for benefiting the poor, 1548; at Frankfort in Mary's reign; his property confiscated, 1557; imprisoned by Elizabeth for pamphlet affirming legality of marriage of Lord Hertford and Lady Katherine Grey, 1564; published Highway to Nobility 1543, and Introductions ad Grammaticam: translated Plutarch's Precepts for the Preservation of Health c. 1543.
^ John Hales (1584–1656), 'the ever-memorable'; educated at Bath grammar school and Corpus Christi, Oxford; fellow of Merton, 1606; M.A., 1609; public lecturer in Greek, 1612; fellow of Eton, 1613-49: as chaplain to Sir Dudley Carleton attended synod of Dort, 1618-19; canon of Windsor and chaplain to Laud, 1639; his tract on Schism and Schismaticks printed anonymously and unsanctioned, 1642; during the Commonwealth lived in retirement; published oration on Sir Thomas Bodley, also several remarkable sermons, 1613; his Golden Remains first issued, 1659; his works printed by Foulis (Glasgow, 1765), edited by Lord Hailes.
^ John Hales (d. 1679). See John Hayls.
^ Stephen Hales (1677–1761), physiologist and inventor; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1703; M. A., 1703; B.D., 1711; D.D. Oxford, 1733; perpetual curate of Teddington, 1709 until death; also incumbent of Farringdon, Hampshire, during same period, but resided chiefly at Teddington: F.R.S., 1718; Copley medallist, 1739; a founder and (1756) vice-president of Society of Arts; clerk of the closet to the princessdowager, and chaplain to her son (afterwards George III), 1751; trustee of colony of Georgia; invented artificial ventilators and numerous other mechanical contrivances; his Vegetable Staticks (1727) the most important contribution of the eighteenth century to plant-physiology; his contributions to animal physiology in Statical Essays (1733) second only to those of Harvey in the inauguration of modern physiology. His monument was placed in Westminster Abbey by the Princess-dowager of Wales. His works include two pamphlets against spirit drinking as well as Philosophical Experiments (1739), containing inter alia suggestions for distilling water and preserving provisions at sea, proposals for cleaning harbours, and A Description of Ventilators 1743.
^ Thomas Hales (fl. 1250), Franciscan; famous for his learning; his poem A Luve Ron printed in Morris's Old English Miscellany.
^ Thomas Hales (1740?–1780), French dramatist; known as d'Hele, d'Hele, or Dell; of English birth; served in the English navy: went to Paris, c. 1770; contributed to Grimm's Correspondanoe Litteraire'Le Roman de Mon Oncle 1777; published comedies, with music by Gretry, of which Le Jugement de Midas was acted and printed, 1778, Les Fausses Apparences acted 1778 (revived 1850),Les Evenemens Imprevus* (acted 1779), translated by Holcrof t, 1806, and Gilles Ravisseur (acted 1781).
^ William Hales (1747–1831), chronologist ; fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1768; B.A. and D.D.; professor of oriental languages, Trinity College, Dublin; rector of Killeshandra, Cavau, 1788-1831. His twenty-two works include A New Analysis of Chronology 18091812, also mathematical papers in Maseres's Scriptores Logarithmici and theological treatises.
^ Sir Henry Halford , first baronet (1766–1844), physician; son of Dr. James Vaughan: B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1788; M.D., 1791; physician to Middlesex Hospital, 1793-1800; F.R.C.P., 1794: changed his name on inheriting property, and was created baronet, 1809; attended George IV, William IV, and yrn Victoria; president, College of Physicians, 1820-44; publishedAccount of what appeared on opening the Coffin of King Charles I 1813, and Essays and Orations delivered at the Royal College of Physicians 1831.
^ Sir Henry St John Halford, third baronet (1828-1897), rifleman: educated at Eton and Merton College, Oxford; B.A., 1849; succeeded to baronetcy, 1868; C.B., 1886; shot for England in first match for Elcho shield, 1862, and in many subsequent years till 1893; made highest scores in 1862 and 1872: won Albert prize, 1862 and 1893, Duke of Cambridge prize and Association cup, 1871, and Dudley, 1893; member of government small arms committee, 1880; publishedArt of Shooting with the Rifle 1888.
^ Joseph Halfpenny (1748–1811), topographical draughtsman and engraver; clerk of the works to John Oarr (1723-1807) at restoration of York Cathedral; published Gothic Ornaments in the Cathedral Church of York 1795-1800, and Fragmenta Vetusta 1807.
^ William Halfpenny , alias Michael Hoare (fl.–1752), credited with invention of drawing arches by intersection of straight lines; publishedPractical ArchitectureUseful Architecture 1751,Geometry, Theoretical and Practical 1752, and handbooks on rural architecture.
^ John of Halghton (d. 1324).
^ Nathaniel Brassey Halhed (1761–1830), orientalist; at Harrow with Richard Brinsley Sheridan: knew Sir William Jones while at Christ Church, Oxford; entered East India Company's service; translated the Gentoo Code from the Persian, 1776; issued from first press set up in India Bengali grammar, 1778; first called attention to affinity between Sanskrit words andthose of Persian, Arabic, and even of Latin and Greek; returned to England; M.P., Lymington, 1790-6; became a believer in Richard Brothers; moved that Brothers's Revealed Knowledge be laid before the House of Commons, 1795; entered East India House, 1809; published (1771) verse translation (with Sheridan) ofThe Love Epistles of Aristaenetus and Imitations of some of the Epigrams of Martia.1 1793.
^ George Haliburton (1616–1665), bishop of Dunkeld; graduated at King's College, Aberdeen, 1636; attended Scots army at Newcastle, 1643; deposed from ministry for holding communication with Montrose, 1644; restored, 1645; silenced for preaching in the king's interest, 1651; parliamentary commissioner for visiting Aberdeen University, 1661; bishop of Dunkeld. 1662-5.
^ George Haliburton (1628–1715), bishop of Aberdeen; MA. St. Andrews, 1646; D.D., 1673; minister of Coupar-Angus, 1648; bishop of Brechin, 1678-82, of Aberdeen, 1682-9; conducted episcopal services at Newtyle, 1698-1710.
'^ James Haliburton formerly Burton (1788-1862), egyptologist; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1815; resumed his father's first name of Haliburtou, 1838; while engaged on geological survey of Egypt for Mehemet All decided position of Myos Hormos or Aphrodite: travelled with Edward W. Lane; published 'Excerpta Hieroglyphica 1822-8; again in the eastern desert, 1830-2; vorked with Joseph Bonomi the younger and Sir John Gardner Wilkinson; his 'Collectanea Egyptiacapresented to British Museum, 1864.
^ Thomas Haliburton (1674–1712). See Halyburton.
^ Thomas Chandler Haliburton (1796–1865), author of Sam Slick; born and educated in Nova Scotia; chief-justice in Nova Scotia of common pleas, 1828-40, and judge of supreme court, 1842-56; afterwards lived in England; M.P., Launcestou, 1859-65; D.C.L. Oxford, 1858. In his Clockmaker, or Sayings and Doings of Sam Slick (1837, 1838, and 1840) he founded American school of humour. His other works include "The Attaché, or Sam Slick in England 1843-4, besides two books on Nova Scotia, and The Old Judge, or Life in a Colony 1843.
^ Alexander Henry Haliday (1728?–1802), physician and politician; eon of Samuel Haliday: physician at Belfast; saved Belfast from destruction by 'Hearts of Steelrioters, 1770; corresponded with Charlemont.
^ Charles Haliday (1789–1866), antiqnary ; brother of William Haliday; secretary of Dublin chamber of commerce, director of Bank of Ireland, and consul for Greece; published pamphlets on social subjects, harbour and lighthouse reform, &c.; his Scandinavian Kingdom of Dublin edited by J. P. Prendergast, 1881.
^ Samuel Haliday or Hollyday (1686–1739), Irish non-subscribing divine; graduated at Glasgow; ordained at Geneva, 1708; chaplain to Scots Oameronians in Flanders; when minister at Belfast refused to subscribe Westminster confession, 1720, defending his conduct in 'Reasons against Imposition of Subscription... &c., 1724.
^ William Haliday (1788–1812), Irish grammarian; learnt Irish from three Munstermen in Dublin; a founder of the Gaelic Society of Dublin, 1807; published, as Edmond O'Connell Uraicecht na Gaedhilge (Irish grammar), 1808, and vol. i. of a translation of Keating's History of Ireland 1811.
^ Marquises of Halifax . See SAVILK, SIR GEORGE, 1633-1696; SAVILE, WILLIAM, second MARQUIS, 1651700.
^ Earls of Halifax . See MONTAGU, CHARLES, first earl of second creation, 1661-1715; DUNK, GEORGE MONTAGU, first earl of third creation, 1716-1771.
^ Halifax first Viscount (1800–1885). See Charles Wood.
^ John Halifax (fl. 1230). See Holywood.
^ Peter Halkerston (d. 1833?), Scottish lawyer ; hon. LL.D.; bailie of Holyrood Abbey; published Treatise on the History, Law, and Privileges of Holyrood House 1831, and several legal works.
^ David Halkerstone (d. 1689). See Hackston.
^ Elizabeth Halket , afterwards Lady Wardlaw. See Wardlaw.
^ George Halket (d. 1756), Scottish song-writer; schoolmaster and session-clerk of Rathen, 1714-25, and Cairnbulg, 1725-60; published works, including Occasional Poems upon several Subjects 1727, two ballads entitled Logie o' Buchan and Whirry Whigs, Awa Man; Dialogue between the Devil and George II also ascribed to him.
^ Lady Anne Halkett or Anna (1622–1699), royalist and author: nee Murfay; skilled in surgery; with her lover, Joseph Bampfield, contrived escape of James, duke of York, 1647; attended soldiers wounded at Dunbar, 1650, and was thanked by Charles II; married Sir James Halkett, 1656; left manuscript devotional works; her autobiography printed, 1875.
^ Sir Colin Halkett (1774–1856), general; son of Frederick Godar Halkett; served In the Dutch foot-guards, 1792-5, and light infantry (in British pay); commanded 2nd light battalion of the German legion in Germany, 1805-6, Ireland, 1806, the Peninsula and the Walcheren expedition, 1809: led the German light brigade at Albuera, 1811, during Burgos retreat, 1812, and Vittoria, 1813, and succeeding battles; commanded British brigade at Quatre Bras and Waterloo; lieutenant-general, 1830; general, 1841; commander at Bombay, 1831-2; governor of Chelsea Hospital, 1849; G.C.B. and G.C.H.
^ Frederick Godar Halkett (1728–1803), major-general; lieutenant-colonel, 2nd battalion of the DundaK regiment, in Holland, 1777; retired, 1782; raised a Scots battalion for English army: major-general, 1802.
^ Hugh Halkett, Baron von Halkett (1783-1863), Hanoverian general and British colonel; son of Frederick Godar Halkett; served in India in Scots brigade, 1798-1801: distinguished himself at Copenhagen, 1807; led battalion at Albuera, 1811, Salamanca, 1812, th Burgos retreat and Venta de Pozo, 1812; organised Hanoverian levies, 1813; commanded brigade at Gourde, 1813, and Schestedt, 1813: led the Srd and 4th brigades of Hanoverian militia at Waterloo, 1816, and captured Oambronne (chief of the imperial guard) with his own band: commanded 10th army corps of German confederation in Schleswig-Holstein, 1848; created baron with full pension, 1868; O.B. and G.C.H.; died at Hanover.
^ Samuel Halkett (1814–1871), keeper of Advocates Library, Edinburgh, 1848-71; began Dictionary of Anonymous and Pseudonymous Literature of Great Britain (published, 1882-8).
^ Mrs Agnes C. Hall (1777–1846), author; wife of Robert Hall (1763-1824); contributed to various cyclopaedias; translated Alfieri's Autobiography 1810, and works by Madame de Genlis; published novels.
^ Mrs Anna Maria Hall (1800–1881), author ; n& Fielding; married Samuel Carter Hall, 1824; edited St. James's Magazine 1862-3; received civil list pension, 1868; assisted in foundation of Brompton Consumption Hospital and other benevolent institutions: published nine novels, includingMarian, or a Young Maid's Fortunes 1840, andLights and Shadows of Irish Life 1838; published two plays and Tales of the Irish Peasantry 1840, and Midsummer Eve, a Fairy Tale of Love 1848; collaborated with her husband,
^ Anthony Hall (1679–1723), antiquary ; fellow of Queen's College, Oxford, 1706; M.A., 1704; D.D., 1721; rector of Hampton Poyle, 1720; edited Leland's Commentaries 1709, and works of Nicholas Trivet, 1719; superintended publication of Hudson's Josephus 1720.
^ Archibald Hall (1736–1778), divine ; studied at Edinburgh and Glasgow universities; minister of Torphicen, West Lothian, and from 1765 of the Secession church, Well Street, London; published religious works.
^ Arthur Hall (fl. 1563–1604), translator and politician; ward of Sir William Cecil (Lord Burghley); M.P., Grantham, 1571-81 and 1585; reprimanded by speaker for lewd speaking, 1572; expelled the house, 1581, for offensive pamphlet impugning action of speaker and members in the case of his servant, who, being freed from ordinary arrest as privileged, was sent to the Tower by the House of Commons for assault; confined in the Tower two years, 1581-3; offered political advice to Burghley (1591) and to James I (1604); his Ten Books of Homer's Iliades, translated out of French (1581), the first English version of Homer's Iliad.
^ Basil Hall (1788–1844), captain in the navy and author; son of Sir James Hall; witnessed battle of Corufia, 1809; accompanied Lord Amherst's Chinese embassy; carried out pendulum observations off South America; interviewed Napoleon: F.R.S., 1816; travelled in North America, 1827-8; died insane in Haslar Hospital; his Fragments of Voyages and Travels 1831-3, often reprinted.
^ Sir Benjamin Hall, first Baron Llanover (1802-1867), politician; of Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; M.P., Monmouth, 1831-7, Marylebone, 1837-59; created baronet, 1838; active in cause of ecclesiastical reform; privy councillor, 1854; president of board of health, 1854; as chief commissioner of works, 1856-8, established metropolitan board of works; created Baron Llanover, 1859.
^ Chambers Hall (1786–1855), virtuoso; presented to British Museum drawings by Girtin and antiquities, and to Oxford University antiquities and pictures.
^ Charles Hall (1720?–1783), line-engraver.
^ Charles Hall (1745?–1825?), writer on economics; M.D. Leyden; publishedEffects of Civilisation on the People in European States 1805; died in the Fleet.
^ Sir Charles Hall (1814–1883), vice-chancellor; barrister, Middle Temple, 1838; assisted and subsequently succeeded Lewis Duval in conveyancing practice; conveyancer to court of chancery, 1864; authority on real property law; vice-chancellor, 1873; knighted, 1873; twice refused silk.
^ Sir Charles Hall (1843–1900), recorder of London; son of Sir Charles Hall (1814-1883); educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge: M.A., 1870; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1866; attorney-general to Prince of Wales, 1877-98; Q.C., 1881; K.C.M.G., 1890; recorder of London, 1892; privy councillor, 1899; M.P. for Western Cambridgeshire, 1885-6 and 1886-92, ami for Holborn division of Finsbury, 1892.
^ Charles Henry Hall (1763–1827), dean of Durham; educated at Westminster and Christ Church. Oxford; M.A., 1786; D.D., 1800; won university prizes for Latin and English essays; dean of Christ Church, 1809-24; Bamptou lecturer and prebendary of Exeter, 1798; regius professor of divinity and vicar of Luton, 1807; dean of Durham, 1824-7.
^ Chester Moor Hall (1703–1771), inventor of the achromatic telescope, 1733; bencher, Inner Temple, 1763.
^ Edmund Hall (1620?–1687), divine; left Oxford to fight for parliament; fellow of Pembroke, 1647; M.A., 1650; imprisoned for attacking Cromwell, 1651-2; rector of Chipping Norton and (1680-7) of Great Risington; published Scriptural Discourse of the Apostacy and the Antichrist 1653, and anonymous monarchical pamphlets,
^ Edward Hall (d. 1547), historian ; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge; B.A., 1518; reader at Gray's Inn, 1533 and 1540; common Serjeant, 1532; M.P., Bridgnorth, 1542; commissioner to inquire into transgressions of Six Articles, 1541-4; bis Union of the Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and York 1542 (completed by Grafton, 1550), followed by Shakespeare, prohibited by Queen Mary, and not reprinted till 1809.
^ Elisha Hall (fl. 1562), fanatic; examined by Bishop Grindal, 1562.
^ Francis Hall (1595–1675). See Line.
^ Francis Russell Hall (1788–1866), theological writer; educated at Manchester and St. John's College, Cambridge; fellow; M.A., 1813; D.D., 1839; rector of Fulbourn, 1826-66; published theological pamphlets, including * Reasons for not contributing to circulate the Apocrypha 1825.
^ George Hall (1612?–1668), bishop of Chester ; son of Joseph Hall; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1632; M.A., 1634; D.D., 1660; deprived by parliament of vicarage of Menheniot and archdeaconry of Cornwall, but allowed to officiate in London; canon of Windsor and archdeacon of Canterbury, 1660; bishop of Chester, 1662-8; held with his see rectory of Wigan.
^ George Hall (1753–1811), bishop of Dromore : scholar, fellow, senior fellow (1790-1800), professor of Greek, modern history, and mathematics, and provost (1806-11) of Trinity College, Dublin; M.A., 1778; D.D., 1790; bishop of Dromore, 1811.
^ Henry Hall (d. 1680), covenanter ; joined covenanters on Pentland Hills, 1676; imprisoned; after his release wandered about with Cargill and others; assisted in drawing up covenanting manifesto, 1679; one of the leaders at Drumclog and Bothwell Brigg, 1679; fled to Holland; captured on his return by Thomas Dalyell ; died of a wound; Queensferry Paper found on him.
^ Henry Hall, the elder (1655?–1707), organist ; chorister of the Chapel Royal; studied with Purcell under Blow; organist of Exeter (1674) and Hereford (1688) Cathedrals; services and anthems by him in Tudway's collection.
^ Henry Hall, the younger (i. 1713), organist ; son of Henry Hall the elder; organist of Hereford Cathedral, 1707; admired by contemporaries as composer of light verse.
^ Jacob Hall (fl. 1668), rope-dancer ; seen by Pepys at Bartholomew Fair, Smithfleld, 1668; much favoured by Lady Castlemain.
^ James Hall (d. 1612), navigator: made two voyages (1605, 1606) to Greenland as pilot of Danish expeditions, described by Purchas; commanded English expedition to Greenland, 1612; mortally wounded by an Eskimo.
^ James Hall (1755–1826), presbyterian divine: educated at Glasgow University; pastor of associate congregations at Cumnock, 1777, and Edinburgh, 1786; chairman of reunion committee, 1820.
^ Sir James Hall , fourth baronet (1761–1832), geologist and chemist; intimate with Button and Playfair: tested Huttonian system by study of continental and Scottish formations; refuted Wernerian views by laboratory experiments; president of Royal Society of Edinburgh; M.P., Mitchell or Michael, Cornwall, 1807-12; published Essay on Gothic Architecture 1813.
^ James Hall (1800?–1854), amateur printer Tim of Sir James Hall; friend of Wilkie and Watson Gordon; exhibited Scottish landscapes and portraits, including Wellington (1838) and Scott, at Royal Academy, 1836-64; presented manuscript of Waverley to Advocates Library.
^ John Hall or Halle (1529?–1568?), poet and medical writer; member of Worshipful Company of Chirurgeons; published metrical versions of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and some Psalms, 1549; translated Lanfranc's Chirurgia Parva 1565; published other medical tracts, of which one was reprinted, 1844.
^ John Hall (1575–1635), physician, of Stratford-onAvon; married Susanna, Shakespeare's eldest daughter, 1607; with her acted as Shakespeare's executor, and inherited New Place; their daughter Elizabeth (d. 1670), Shakespeare's last direct descendant; his Select Observations on English Bodies, and Cures both Empericall and Historicall issued by James Cooke, 1657.
^ John Hall (1627–1656), poet and pamphleteer; of Durham and St. John's College, Cambridge; friend of Hobbes and Samuel Hartlib; accompanied Cromwell to Scotland, 1650, and wrote The Grounds and Reasons of Monarchy and other political pamphlets. His works include Horse Vacivae, or Essays," 1646, Poems 1647 (reprinted, 1816), and Satire against Presbytery 1648.
^ John Hall (d. 1707), author of 'Jacobs Ladder' (1676); fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1658; M.A.; B.D., 1666; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1664; president of Sion College; rector of Finchley, 1666.
^ John Hall (d. 1707), criminal; sentenced to death for housebreaking, 1700; pardoned on condition of removing to America; deserted the ship and returned, 1704; executed at Tyburn; credited with Memoirs of the Right Villanous John Hall (published, 1708).
^ John Hall (1633–1710), bishop of Bristol; nephew of Edmund and Thomas Hall (1610-1665); of Merchant Taylors School and Pembroke College, Oxford; scholar, fellow (1653), and master (1664-1710); M.A., : 1653; D.D., 1669; Margaret professor of divinity, 1676; bishop of Bristol, 1691-1710: the last puritan bishop; benefactor of his college and Bromsgrove.
^ John Hall (1739–1797), line-engraver; executed plates in Bell's Shakespeare and British Theatre; exhibited with Incorporated Society of Artists, 1766-76; historical engraver to George III, 1785; engraved Benjamin West's works and portraits after Reynolds, Gainsborough, and others.
^ Sir John Hall (1795–1866), army surgeon ; M.D. St. Andrews, 1846; principal medical officer in Eaffraria, 1847 and 1851, in Crimea, 1854-6; K.C.B. and inspectorgeneral of hospitals; defended Crimean medical service, 1857 and 1858: died at Pisa.
^ John Vine Hall (1774–1860), author of 'The Sinner's Friend bookseller at Maidstone, 1814-50; his 'Sinner's Friendoriginally composed of extracts from Bogatzky, but completely rewritten in later editions, and translated into thirty languages.
^ Joseph Hall (1574–1656), bishop of Exeter and Norwich; educated at Ashby-de-la-Zouch and Emmanuel College, Cambridge; fellow, 1695; M.A., 1596; D.D., 1612; published Virgidemiarum vol. i. 1597, vol. ii. 1598, satires (ed. Grosart, 1879): attacked by Mars ton, 1598; incumbent of Halsted, Suffolk. 1G01; accompanied Sir Edmund Bacon to Spa, 1605; chaplain to Henry, prince of Wales. 1608; incumbent of Waltham, Essex, 1608; chaplain to Lord Doncaster in France, 1616; dean of Worcester, 1616: accompanied James I to Scotland, 1617; deputy at synod of Dort, 1618; bishop of Exeter, 1627-41: conciliatory towards puritans; issued (with Laud's alteration) 'Divine Right of Episcopacy 1640; defended the liturgy both in the House of Lords and in controversy; member of the Lordscommittee on religion, 1641; bishop of Norwich, 1641-7; defended canons of 1640, and was impeached and imprisoned, 1642; his episcopal revenues were sequestrated, 1643, and his cathedral desecrated; expelled from his palace, c. 1647. Besides satires and controversial works against Brownists and presbyterians, he published poems (ed. Singer, 1824, Grosart, 1879), meditations, devotional works, and autobiographical tracts, also Observations of some Specialities of Divine Providence Hard Measure 1647, and The Shaking of the Olive Tree (po&thumous, 1660); collective editions issued, 1808, 1837, and 1863.
^ Marshall Hall (1790–1857), physiologist, son of Robert Hall (1755-1827); M.D.Edinburgh, 1812; visited medical schools at Paris, Gottingen, and Berlin, 1814-15; practised in Nottingham, 1817-26; F.R.G.S., 1818; F.R.S., 1832; practised in London, 1826-63, making his speciality nervous diseases; F.R.C.P., 1841; Gulstonian lecturer, 1842, Croonian, 1850-2; prominent in foundation of British Association. During his investigations into the circulation of the blood he made his important discovery of reflex action, 1832, which he applied to the explanation of convulsive paroxysms. He rationalised the treatment of epilepsy, and introduced the ready method in asphyxia. Besides numerous scientific and medical works, he published * Twofold Slavery of the United States(1854). He devised the system now in use for restoring animation to the partially drowned.
^ Peter Hall (1802–1849), diyine and topographer ; of Winchester and Brasenose College, Oxford; M.A., 1830: successively minister of Tavistock Chapel, Drury Lane, Long Acre Chapel, St. Martin's, and St. Thomas's, Waicot, Bath; edited Bishop Joseph Hall's works, 1837-9, and Satires (1838), also Bishop Andrewes's Preces private? (1848), someRemainsof Bishop Lowth of disputed authenticity: published topographical works on Winchester, Salisbury, Wimborne Minster, and the New Forest.
^ Richard Hall (d. 1604), Roman catholic divine ; fellow of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1556; M.A., 1559; D.D. Rome; professor of holy scripture at Douay, and canon of St. Omer, where he died; hisLife of John Fisher, bishop of Rochester printed surreptitiously and incorrectly, 1655; published Latin writings on the revolt of the Netherlands and other works.
^ Robert Hall (1763–1824), medical writer ; greatgrandson of Henry Hall (d. 1680) the covenanter; M.D. Edinburgh; naval surgeon on Jamaica station and medical officer to a Niger expedition; works include translation of Spallanzani on the Circulation 1801, and Guyton de Morveau's Means of Purifying Infected Air 1802.
^ Robert Hall (1755–1827), first user of chlorine for bleaching, and inventor of a new crane,
^ Robert Hall (1764–1831), baptist divine ; said to have preached when eleven; educated at baptist academy, Bristol, and King's College, Aberdeen; M.A. Aberdeen, 1784; assistant to Caleb Evans at Broadmead Chapel, 1785-90; succeeded Robert Robinson at Cambridge, 1791-1806; temporarily insane, 1804-5 and 1805-6; at Harvey Lane, Leicester, 1807-26; preached celebrated sermon on death of Princess Charlotte, 1817; D.D. Aberdeen, 1817; created much sensation by his Modern Infidelity considered with respect to its Influence on Society 1800; returned to Bristol, 1826; Fifty Sermons by him issued, 1843, Miscellaneous Works and Remains (Bohn), 1846.
^ Robert Hall (1763–1836), raised Devon and Cornwall Fencibles, 1794.
^ Rob Hall : RT (1817–1882), vice-admiral; entered navy, 1833; commanded the Stromboli in Baltic and Black Reaa, 1854-5; took part in Kertch expedition, 1855; naval secretary to admiralty, 1872-82.
^ Samuel Hall (1769?-1852), 'the Sherwood Forest Patriarch cobbler at Sutton-in-Ashfield; invented machine for simultaneous sowing, manuring and pressing of turnip-seed.
^ Samuel Hall (1781–1863), engineer and inventor ; son of Robert Hall (1755-1827); took out patent for gassing lace and net, 1817 and 1823, and for a surface condenser for use at sea, 1838.
^ Samuel Carter Hall (1800–1889), author and editor; son of Robert Hall (1753-1836); left Cork for London, 1821; literary secretary to Ugo Foscoli. 1822, and a reporter in House of Lords, 1823; founded and edited The Amulet 1826-37; connected withNew Monthly Magazine 1830-6, edited Art Union Monthly (afterwards Art Journal, 1839-80; received civil list pension, 1880; published works, including Book of British Ballads 1842.Gallery of Modern Sculpture 1849-54, and Memoirs of Great Men and Women... from personal acquaintance 1871.
^ Spencer Hall (1806–1875), librarian of the Athenaeum Club, 1833-75; F.S.A., 1858; among other works translated and edited Documents from Simancas relating to Reign of Elizabeth 1865.
^ Spencer Timothy Hall (1812–1885), 'the Sherwood Forester'; son of Samuel Hall (1769?-l852); gained the co-editorship of the Iris and governorship of Hollis Hospital, Sheffield, by his Forester's Offering (1841), set up in type by himself; lectured on phrenology and mesmerism; published Mesmeric Experiences 1845; cured Harriet Martineau, 1844; issued Homoeopathy, a Testimony 1852; received degrees from Tubingen; published miscellaneous works.
^ Thomas Hall (1610–1665), ejected minister; uncle of John Hall (1633-1710); B.A. Pembroke College, Oxford, 1629; B.D., 1652; perpetual curate and master of the grammar school, King's Norton; signed Baxter's Worcestershire petition; ejected, 1662; wrote against unlicensed preachers, indiscriminate baptism, Fifth-monarchy men, and cavalier customs.
^ Thomas Hall (1660?–1719?), Roman catholic divine; brother of William Hall (d. 1718 ?); D.D. Paris; philosophy professor at Douay, 1688-90; died at Paris.
^ Timothy Hall (1637?–1690), titular bishop of Oxford; B.A. Pembroke College, Oxford; ejected from Norwood and Southam, 1662; afterwards conformed; incumbent of Allhallows Staining, 1677; denied installation to bishopric of Oxford by canons of Christ Church, 1688; read the declaration of indulgence at Staining, 1687.
^ Westley Hall (1711–1776), eccentric divine; pupil of John Wesley at Lincoln College, Oxford; married Wesley's sister Martha after engaging himself to Keziah; active in management of methodist society, but adopted Moravian views and (1743) formed new society at Salisbury; afterwards preached deism and polygamy; disturbed Charles Wesley's meetings at Bristol, 1750-1.
^ William Hall (d. 1700), violinist; son of Henry Hall the elder
^ William Hall (d. 1718?), Carthusian; chaplain and preacher in ordinary to James II; afterwards prior of Nieuwpoort, in Flanders.
^ William Hall (1748–1825), poet and antiquary; gozzard and cow-leech in the fens; afterwards bookseller at Lynn; published Sketch of Local History 1812), and Reflections upon Times, and Times, and Times 1816-18.
^ William Edward Hall (1835 - 1894), legal writer; M.A. University College, Oxford, 1859; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1861; travelled widely, making valuable collection illustrative of the archaeology of art; published International Law 1880, and other writings; elected member of Institut de Droit International, 1882.
^ Sir William Hutcheon Hall (1797?–1878), admiral; with Basil Hall in China, 1815-17; employed in steamboats on the Hudson and Delaware, 183o-9: 1 in command of the Nemesis (paddle-steamer); rendered valuable service in Chinese war, 1840-3, and was given naval rank; F.R.S., 1847: commanded the Heola and the Blenheim in the Baltic, 1854-6; K.C.B., 1871; admiral, 1879; admiral, 1875; published pamphlets on SailorsHomes and National Defences.
^ Sir William King Hall (1816–1886), admiral ; mate of the Benbow under Houston Stewart at bombardment of Acre, 1840; flag-captain to Napier and Sir M. Seymour in the Baltic, 1854-6; distinguished himself during second Chinese war, 1856-8; K.C.B., 1871; admiral, 1879; commander at the Nore, 1877-9.
^ Henry Hall-Houghton (1823–1889). See Houghton.
^ John Hall-Stevenson (1718 - 1785). See Stevenson.
^ Margaret Mary Hallahan (1803–1868), foundress of the English congregations of St. Catherine of Sienn: founded five convents in England, besides schools, churches, and orphanages.
^ Arthur Henry Hallam (1811–1833), subject of Tennyson's In Memoriam; elder son of Henry Hallam ; educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he met Tennyson; studied at the Inner Temple; died suddenly at Vienna (buried at Clevedon). His l Remains issued, 1834.
^ Henry Hallam (1777–1859), historian ; educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1799; barrister; commissioner of stamps; treasurer of the Statistical Society: vice-president of the Society of Antiquaries; occasionally contributed to Edinburgh Review; published State of Europe during the Middle Ages 1818,Constitutional History of England from Henry VII's Accession to the death of George II 1827, and Introduction to Literature of Europe 1837-9, besides a privately printed memoir of his son Arthur.
^ Henry Fitzmaurice Hallam (1824–1850), younger son of Henry Hallam; of Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge; second chancellor's medallist; founder of theHistoricaldebating club, and one of the 'Apostles friend of Maine and Franklin Lushington: died suddenly at Rome; buried at Clevedon.
^ John Hallam (d. 1537), conspirator; took part in Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536; rebel governor of Hull; hanged for participation in the second pilgrimage.
^ Robert Hallam or Hallum (d. 1417), bishop of Salisbury; prebendary of Salisbury, 1395, of York, 1400; archdeacon of Canterbury, 1400; chancellor of Oxford University, 1403; his nomination by the pope as archbishop of York disallowed by the king, 1405; bishop of Salisbury, 1407-17; one of the English representatives at council of Pisa, 1409; took lead of English nation at council of Constance, 1414, opposing John XXII and urging consideration of ecclesiastical reform before election of a new pope; died at Gottlieben Castle, and was buried in Constance Cathedral.
^ Sir Charles Halle (Carl Halle) (1819–1895), pianist and conductor; born at Hagen, Westphalia; t.udied under Rinck and Gottfried Weber at Darmstadt; performed with Alard and Franchomme in Paris: visited England, 1843, and made it his home, 1848, settling at Manchester; fulfilled numerous engagements as conductor, Halle's orchestra, instituted 1857, at Manchester, becoming celebrated in north of England; began series of pianoforte recitals, 1850; first principal, Royal College of Music, Manchester, 1893; honorary LL.D. Edinburgh, 1880; knighted, 1888.
^ John Halle (d. 1479), merchant of Salisbury; mayor of Salisbury, 1451, 1458, 1464, and 1466; M.P., Salisbury, 1453, 1460, and 1461; the ball of his house in New Canal, Salisbury, still remains with its stained glass.
^ Joseph Hallett or Hallet I(1628?–1689), ejected minister; held the sequestered living of West Chin nock, Somerset, 1656-63; fined and imprisoned under Conventicle Act, 1673; first presbyterian minister at Exeter.
^ Joseph Hallett or Hallet II (1656–1722), nonconformist minister of Exeter; son of Joseph Hallett or Hallet (1628?-1689); pastor of James's meeting, 1713; his academy reputed Unitarian; James Foster ami ivt.-r King (afterwards lord chancellor) among hid pupils.
^ Joseph Hallett or Hallet III (1691?-1744), nonconformist; son of Joseph Hallett or Hallet (1656-1722); corresponded with Whiston and adopted his form of unitarianiam; from 1722 pastor at Exeter; published Free and Impartial Study of the Holy Scriptures 1729-36, and controversial tracts.
^ Edmund Halley (1656–1743), astronomer; educated at St. Paul's School and Queen's College, Oxford; laid the foundation of southern astronomy during residence in St. Helena, 1676-8, and made the first complete observation of a transit of Mercury, 1677; published on his return Catalogue Stellarum Australium 1678; M.A. Oxford, 1678; F.R.8., 1678; arbitrated at Danzig between Hooke and Hevelius, 1679; made observations of the comet of 1680; travelled in Italy, 1681; originated (by his suggestions) Newton's Principia which he introduced to the Royal Society, and published (1687) at his own expense, correcting all the proofs; assistant-secretary to the Royal Society and editor of itsTransactions 1685-93, contributing first detailed description of trade winds; while deputycontroller of the mint at Chester, 1696-8, ascended Snowdon to test his method of determining heights by the barometer; in command of the Paramour Pink explored Atlantic, and prepared General Chart of variation of compass with the Halleyan lines 1699-1701; surveyed coasts and tides of British Channel and published map, 1702; inspected harbours of Adriatic for Emperor Leopold; Savilian professor of geometry at Oxford, 1703; D.C.L. Oxford, 1710; a leading member of committee which prepared Flamsteed's observations for the press, and editor of first (1712) version of Flamsteed's Historia Coelestis; predicted accurately total solar eclipse of 1715; observed eclipse and great aurora, 1715; secretary to Royal Society, 1713; astronomer royal, 1721: foreign member of Academic des Sciences, 1729. His lunar and planetary tables appeared posthumously, 1749,Astronomise Cometicse Synopsis (1705) being reprinted with them. He accurately predicted the return in 1758 of the comet of 1531, 1607, and 1682, first recommended employment of transits of Venus for ascertaining the sun's distance, and demonstrated (1686) law connecting atmospheric elevation with density. In addition be originated the science of life statistics byBreslau Table of Mortality and that of physical geography by his scientific voyages.
^ Robert Halley (1796–1876), nonconformist divine and historian; classical tutor at Highbury College, 1826-39; D.D., 1834; minister of Mosley Street Chapel, Manchester, 1839 (Cavendish Street, 1848); chairman of Congregational Union, 1855; principal of New College, St. John's Wood, 1857-72; published Lancashire: its Puritanism and Nonconformity 1869.
^ Sir Andrew Halliday (1781–1839), physician; i M.D. Edinburgh, 1806; served with Portuguese in the Peninsula and with British at Waterloo; L.R.C.P., 1819; i knighted, 1821; domestic physician to Duke of Clarence; 1 inspector of West Indian hospitals, 1823; wrote on lunatic I asylums (1808 and 1828), the campaign of 1815, and the West Indies (1837).
^ Andrew Halliday (1830–1877), essayist and dramatist; son of William Duff, but dropped his surname; educated at Aberdeen; contributed to the magazines; president of Savage Club, 1857, and editor of Savage Club Papers 1868-9; collaborated with William Brough in The Area Belle and other farces; produced also The Great City (1867), domestic dramas, and adaptations from Dickens and Scott.
^ Michael Frederick Halliday (1822–1869), amateur artist; one of the first English eight in the rifleshooting competition at Wimbledon for the Elcho shield, 1862: an early pre-Raphaelite; exhibited at the Royal Academy.
^ Samuel Hallifax (1733–1790), bishop of Gloucester and St. Asaph; third wrangler and chancellor's medallist at Cambridge, 1754: fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1766-60, of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1760-76; M.A., 1757; LL.D., 1764; D.D., 1775; held both professorships of Arabic, 1768-70, and chair of civil law, 17701882; letters of Erasmus in favour of continued subscription to Thirty-nine Articles attributed to him, 1772; chaplain to the king, 1774; rectorof Warsop, 1778; bishop of Gloucester, 1781-9, of St. Asapln 1789-90; his 'Analysis of the Roman Civil Law(1774) reissued with additions.
^ Sir Thomas Hallifax (1721–1789), lord mayor of London; prime warden of Goldsmiths Company, 17681769; knighted: as sheriff of London acted as returning officer when Wilkes was elected for Middlesex, 1769; one of the court nominees for the mayoralty against him, 1772; lord mayor, 1776-7; opposed press-gang system; M.P., Aylesbury, 1784-9.
^ William Hallifax (1656?–1722), divine; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1682; M.A., 1678; D.D., 1695; chaplain at Aleppo, 1688-96; rector of Old Swinf ord, 1699, and vicar of Salwarpe; his account of Palmyra printed in Philosophical Transactions 1695; bequeathed books and collections to Corpus Christi College.
^ Henry Halliwell (1765–1835), classical scholar; M.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1789; fellow, 1790; rector of Olayton-cum-Keymer, 1803; assisted the Falconers with their edition of Strabo (1807) see FALCONER, THOMAS, 1772-1839; satirised by Heber in the Whippiad 1843.
^ James Orchard Halliwell afterwards Halliwell-Phillips (1820–1889), biographer of Shakespeare; scholar and librarian of Jesus College, Cambridge; published Life and Inventions of Sir Samuel Morland 1838, and an edition of Mandeville's Travels 1839; F.S.A. and F.R.S., 1839; in 1840-1 prepared for press twenty-three works, including three tracts on Cambridge manuscripts, Rara Mathematical and his earliest Shakespearean works; edited works for Camden Society, 18391844, Percy Society, 1842-50 (including Nursery Rhymes of England), and Shakespeare Society; catalogued Ghetham Library manuscripts, 1841-2; married Henrietta, daughter of Sir Thomas Phillipps, 1842, whose surname he assumed thirty years later; LL.D. Edinburgh, 1883. His Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words appeared, 1846,Life of Shakespeare 1848,New Boke about Shakespeare and Stratford-on-Avon 1850; folio edition of Shakespeare, 1853-65, lithograph facsimiles of the Shakespeare quartos, 1862-71,Dictionary of Old English Plays 1860, Illustrations of the Life of Shakespeare pt. i. 1874, andOutlines of the Life(private issue), 1881; published, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1887. He arranged and described the Stratford-on-Avon archives, and wrote much on the history of the town, besides initiating the movement (1863) for purchase of the site of New Place, Shakespeare's residence there.
^ Lawrence Hynes Halloran or O'Halloran (1766–1831), author; published poems, 1790-1, and 1801; chaplain to Earl of Northesk at Trafalgar, 1805; dismissed from chaplaincy to forces at Cape Town for his Capabilities, or South African Characteristics 1811; transported for forging a frank, 1818.
^ Benjamin Hallowell (1760–1834). See Sir Benjamin Hallowell Carew.
^ John James Halls (fl. 1791–1834), painter; his Witch and full-length of Charles Kean in Richard III engraved by Charles Turner; published lives of Henry Salt, F.R.S. (1834) and Nathaniel Pearce (1831).
^ John Edmond Halpen or Halpin (fl. 1780), painter; son of Patrick Halpen
^ Patrick Halpen or Halpin (fl. 1750–1790), line-engraver.
^ Charles Graham Halpin or Halpine (1829-1868), writer under name of Miles O'Reilly; son of Nicholas John Halpin: emigrated from Ireland, 1851; journalist at Boston, Washington, and New York, where he edited the Times and from 1851 the Leader: enlisted in federal army, 1861; assistant-adjutant-general to General David Hunter and General Henry W. Halleck; publishedLife and Adventures, fec., of Private Miles O'Reilly (1864) and Baked Meats of the Funeral... by Private M. O'Reilly (1866): registrar of New York county, 1867-8; died from an overdose of chloroform.
^ Nicholas John Halpin (1790–1860), author; B.A. Dublin, 1815; edited Dublin Evening Mail; published three works of Shakespearean criticism and Observations on certain Passages in the Life of Edmund Spenser 1850.
^ William Hals (1655–1737?), Cornish writer: grandson of Sir Nicholas Halse; made collections for History of Cornwall part ii., published about 1760.
^ Sir Nicholas Halse (d. 1636), inventor of new mode of drying malt and hops by iron plates; knighted, I 1605; governor of Pendennis Castle, 1C08; left in manuscriptGreat Britain's Treasure
^ Keeley Halswelle (1832–1891), artist; engaged as book illustrator; exhibited at Royal Scottish ; Academy from 1857; A.R.S.A., 1866; subsequently exhibited many landscapes at Roval Academy; member of Institute of Painters in Oils, 1882.
^ Daniel Halsworth or Holdsworth (1558?-1595?), classical scholar; of the English colleges of Douay and Rome; theologian to St. Charles Borromeo; made Greek translation of Virgil's Bucolics, 1591, and Latin version of epigrams of Archias, 1596; died at Rome.
^ Immanuel Halton (1628–1699), astronomer; auditor to the household of Thomas, earl of Arundel; friend of Flamsteed, who communicated to Royal Society Halton's observations of a solar eclipse, 1675.
^ Halton or Halghton (d. 1324), bishop; prior of St. Mary's, Carlisle; bishop of Carlisle, 1292-1324; ambassador to King John of Scotland, 1295; excommunicated Bruce for murder of Comyn, 1309; sat in Lancaster's council, 1318; envoy to Scotland, 1320; his register still preserved.
^ Timothy Halton (1632?–1704), provost of Queen's College, Oxford; probably brother of Immanuel Halton; fellow of Queen's College, Oxford, 1657; D.D., 1674; archdeacon of Brecknock, 1672, of Oxford, 1675; provost of Queen's College, Oxford, 1677-1704; vice-chancellor of Oxford, 1679-81 and 1685.
^ George Halyburton (d. 1682), Scots nonconformist minister; ejected, 1662.
^ James Halyburton or Haliburton (1518-1589), provost of Dundee; M.A. St. Andrews, 1538; distinguished at capture of Broughty Castle, 1549; provost of Dundee, 1553-86; captured by the Grahams in Liddesdale, 1556, but soon rescued; a lord of the congregation; commander of musters of Fife and Forfar against the queen regent, 1559; took part in defence of Edinburgh, and signedlast band at Leith and (1561) first Book of Discipline; commissioner to administer Act of Oblivion, 1563; joined Moray's movement against Darnley marriage; present at Langside, 1568, and at Restalrig, 1571; afterwards captured by queen's forces and barely escaped execution, 1571; Morton's representative at conference of 1578; privy councillor, 1582; one of the king's commissioners to general assembly, 1582 and 1588.
^ Thomas Halyburton (1674–1712), theologian; son of George Halyburton; educated at Rotterdam and St. Andrews; professor of divinity at St. Leonard's College, 1710-12; his writings against deists reissued, 1865, as Essay on the Ground or formal Reason of a saving Faith hisMemoirs(2nd ed., 1716) frequently reprinted; works collected, 1835.
^ John Hamboys (fl. 1470). See Hanboys.
^ Henry de Hambury (d. 1330), justice of common pleas in Ireland, c. 1324; chief-justice, 1327; judge of the king's bench (England), 1328.
^ Philip Gilbert Hamerton (1834–1894), artist and essayist; studied art in London: resided on isle of Innistrynich, Loch Awe, 1858; published A Painter's Camp in the Highlands 1862; art critic toSaturday i Review; established with Mr Richmond Seeley, the publisher The Portfolio periodical, 1869; directed Portfolio till his death; LL.D. Aberdeen, 1894. He published two novels, besides numerous valuable contributions to art literature. His autobiography was completed and published by hia widow, 1897.
^ Baldwin Hamey, the elder (1568–1640), physician to the tsar of Muscovy; M.D. Leyden 1610.
^ Baldwin Hamey, the younger (1600-1676), physician; son of Baldwin Hamey the elder; M.D. Leyden, 1626, Oxford, 1629; visited Paris, Montpelier, and Padua; F.R.C.P., 1633; eight times censor; treasurer, 1664-6; Gulstonian lecturer, 1647; benefactor of the Royal College of Physicians; left manuscript account of contemporary physicians; his dissertation on the OOKOSIwjroirpaTovs edited 1693. eleventh DUKE, 1811-63. Arraii; accompanied his father in duel with Mobun, 1707, and himself fought General Macartney; settled in Switzerland; died at Paris; Transactions during the Reign of Anne (1790) attributed to him, but written by his son.
^ Alexander Hamilton (d. 1732?), merchant and author; published New Account of the East Indies
^ Alexander Hamilton (1739-1802), professor ' Calvi, and San Fiorenzo (1793), the Melpomene on Dutch of midwifery at Edinburgh University; deacon of the I coast, and at capture of Goree and in West Indies, 1799 Edinburgh College of Surgeons; professor of midwifery, 1802; vice-admiral, 1814: admiral, 1830; M.P., Edinburgh, 1780-1800; chief founder of Lying-in Hospital, 1791; published treatises on midwifery.
^ Alexander Hamilton (1762–1824), orientalist ; while hostage in France drew up for Paris Library analytical catalogue of Sanskrit manuscripts, and taught the language to Schlegel and Fauriel; F.R.S., 1808; professor of Sanskrit and Hindoo literature at Haileybury; published works on Sanskrit.
^ Andrew Hamilton (d. 1691), rector and prebendary of Kilskerry, 1666; raised troops against James II; published True Relation of the Actions of the Inniskilling Men 1690.
^ Anne Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton (1636 gannon, 1801-7, Honiton, 1807-12; governor of Newfoundland, 1818-24.
^ Anthony Hamilton (1646?-1720), author of 'Memoires du Comte de Grammont third son of Sir George Hamilton; as governor of Limerick, 1685, openly went to mass; privy councillor, 1686; commanded I Jacobite dragoons at Enniskillen and Newtown Butler, 1689; present at the Boyne, 1690; spent the rest of his j life at St. Germain-en- Laye, being intimate with Berwick; j addressed letters and verses to the Duchess of Berwick and Laura Bulkeley, and wrote for Henrietta Bulkeley four satirical Contes in French. His Epistle to the Comte de Grammont (bis brother-in-law) announcing intention of writing bis memoirs was approved by Boileau, 1705. i The Memoires appeared anonymously, 1713, and were edited by Horace Walpole, 1772, Sir Walter Scott, 1811, and M. de Lescure, 1876; CEuvres Completes were issued, 1749-76.
^ Archibald Hamilton (d. 1593), Roman catholic controversialist; disputed publicly with Knox; pnblished Latin works against Scottish Calvinists and a treatise on Aristotle; died at Rome.
^ Archibald Hamilton (1580?–1659); archbishop of Cashel and Emly; D.D. Glasgow; bishop of Killala and Achonry, 1623; archbishop of Cashel and Emly, 1630; after rebellion of 1641 fled to Sweden, where he died.
^ Lord Archibald Hamilton (1770-1827), politician; Christ Church, Oxford, 1796 ; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1799; M.P., Lanarkshire, 1802-27; published pamphlet (1804) condemning Pitt's second ministry and that of Addington; moved vote of censure on Castlereagh as president of board of control, 1809; carried resolution for referring petition from Scottish royal burghs to select committee, 1819; moved insertion of Queen Caroline's name in the liturgy, 1820.
^ Charles Hamilton (by courtesy Lord Binning) (1697-1733), poet; son of Thomas Hamilton, sixth earl of Haddington; fought for government at Sheriffmuir, 1715; M.P., St. Germans, 1722; died at Naples;
^ Charles Hamilton (1753?–1792), orientalist: in military service of East India Company; published historical work on the Rohilla Afghans (1787), and translation of the Persian Hedaya 1791.
^ Charles Hamilton, second baronet (1767-1849), admiral; commanded the Dido at sieges of Bastia,
^ Charles William Hamilton (1670–1754), painter at Augsburg; son of James Hamilton (fl. 16401680) of Murdieston.
^ Claud Hamilton, Baron Paisley (1543?-1622), known as Lord Claud Hamilton; fourth son of James Hamilton, duke of Chatelherault; convoyed Mary Queen of Scots from Lochleven to Niddry and Hamilton, 1568, and (probably) led the van for her at Langside, 1568; concerned in plot by which Moray was assassinated, 1670; led attempt to capture Lennox and king's lords at Stirling, 1671; recovered his estates by pacification of Perth, 1573; privy to plot against Morton, 1578; denounced by council 1716), daughter of the first Duke of Hamilton; married j for murder of the regents; fled to England, 1579; took William Douglas (1635-1694), who became on her j part in Gowrie conspiracy, 1584; recalled from Paris by petition Duke of Hamilton. j James VI, 1686; with Huntly shared leadership of Scottish lady-in-; I land, 1820; her Secret History of the Court(1832), published in her name, but without her sanction.
^ Sir David Hamilton (1663–1721), physician to Queen Anne; M.D. Rbeims, 1686; F.R.C.P., 1703; F.R.S., 1708; knighted; published religions and medical tracts.
^ David Hamilton (1768–1843), architect; designed many buildings in western Scotland, including Hamilton Palace, Lennox Castle, and the Glasgow Exchange.
^ Dukes of Hamilton. See HAMILTON, JAMES, his pastoral Ungrateful Nanny ' in Ritoon's Scottish first DUKK, 1606-1649; HAMILTON, WILLIAM, second Duke 1616–1651 ; DOUGLAS, WILLIAM, third DUKK, 1635- _ . ___ _ A _ 1694?DouGLAS, JAMES, fourth DUKE, 1658-1712; Dou- j HAMILTON CHARLES (1691-1754), historian: OLAS, ALEXANDER HAMILTON, tenth DUKE, 1767-1852; natural son of James Douglas, fourth duke of HamilDOUOLAS, WILLIAM ALEXANDER ANTHONY ARCHIBALD,, ton 1- V 0, and Lady _ Barbara Fiteroy; styled Count L.R.C.P., 1610.
^ Sir Edward Hamilton, first baronet (1772–1851), admiral; brother of Sir Charles Hamilton; while in command of Surprise said to have taken or destroyed eighty privateers and merchantmen, 1797-9; knighted and awarded the freedom of the city for cutting out the Hermione at Puerto Gabello, 1799; captured by French, but exchanged; engaged in blockading northern French coast, 1801; dismissed the service for inflicting excessive punishment, 1802, but specially reinstated, 1802; commanded royal yacht and Prince Regent, 1806-19; created baronet, 1818; vice-admiral, 1837; admiral, 1846.
^ Elizabeth Hamilton, Comtesse de Gramont (1641-1708),la belle Hamilton sister of Anthony Hamilton, who brought about her marriage with Philibert, comte de Grammont, 1663; lived in France from 1664.
^ Elizabeth Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton, afterwards of Argyll (1734-1790).
^ Elizabeth Hamilton (1758–1816), author; tician; brother of Lady Anne Hamilton; M.A. sister of Charles Hamilton (1753 ?-1792); published 'The Hindoo Rajah 1796, Memoirs of Modern Philosophers 1800, and several educational works, besides The Cottagers of Glenburnie (1808) and My ain Fireside! (song).
^ Lady Emma Hamilton (1761?–1815), wife of Sir William Hamilton ( 1730-1803) the ambassador; n&Lyon; went to London, 1778, probably as a nursemaid to family of Dr. Richard Build; said to have been the -Goddess of Healthin exhibition of James Graham (1745-1794); lived under protection of Sir Harry Fetherstonhaugh and Hon. Charles Greville as Emily Hart, 1780-4; refined by innocent intimacy with Romney, 1782; became mistress of Sir William Hamilton at Naples, 1786, and was married to him in England, 1791; intimate with Queen Maria Carolina at Naples; first saw Nelson, 1793: intimate with Nelson on his return from the Nile, 1798; together with her husband accompanied Nelson to Palermo, 1800, and afterwards to England, giving birth to Horatia, 30 Jan. 1801; received the cross of Malta from the czar for supposed services to the Maltese, 1799; claimed to have rendered important political services while at Naples, but these claims, although endorsed by Nelson, were ignored by British ministry; involved in debt by her extravagances, in spite of legacies from Nelson and Hamilton; assisted by Alderman Joshua J. Smith to escape from king's bench to Calais, where she died in obscurity.
^ Ferdinand Philip Hamilton (1664–1760), painter to Charles V at Vienna; eldest sou of James Hamilton (. 1640-1680) of Murdieston.
^ Francis Hamilton (1762–1829). See Buchanan.
^ Gavin Hamilton (1561?–1612), bishop of Galloway; graduated at St. Andrews, 1584; minister of Hamilton; bishop of Galloway, 1605 (consecrated, 1610); dean of Chapel Royal, Holyrood, 1606.
^ Gavin Hamilton (1730–1797), painter and excavator; lived principally at Rome; during short residence in London member of committee for forming Royal Academy, 1755; occasionally exhibited at the Royal Academy; his Apollo seen at International Exhibition of 1862; published Schola Italica Picture 1773; carried on excavations at Hadrian's villa below Tivoli, Monte Cagnuolo, the district of the Alban hills and the territory of ancient Gabii, selling his finds to the Museo Pio-Clementino, the Tpwnley collection, Lord Lansdowne, and other collectors; hie marbles now in the Louvre.
^ Gavin Hamilton (1753–1805), friend of Burns; prominent in New Light dispute in Mauchline: defended in Burns's theological satires.
^ Sir George Hamilton , first baronet (rf. 1679), royalist; fourth son of James Hamilton, first earl of Abercorn; created an Irish baronet, 1660, for services during the rebellion.
^ Lord George Hamilton, Earl of Orkney (1666-1737), general; fifth son of William Douglas, third duke of Hamilton; distinguished under William III in Ireland and Flanders; severely wounded at Namur, 1695, and promoted brigadier; married (1695) Elizabeth Villiers, William's mistress; created a Scottish peer, 1696; lieutenant-general, 1704; K.T., 1704; captured 12,000 men and 1,300 officers at Blenheim, 1704; saved citadel of Liege, 1705; led pursuit after Ramillies, 1706; prominent at Oudenarde, 1706, favouring immediate advance on Paris; commanded the van at passage of Scheldt, 1708; opened attack at Malplaquet, 1709; elected a Scottish representative peer, 1707; privy councillor, 1710; lord of the bedchamber, 1714; governor of Virginia, 1714; fieldmarshal, 1736.
^ George Hamilton (1783–1830), biblical scholar; fourth son of Hugh Hamilton (1729-1805); M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1821; rector of Killermogh, 1809-1830; published Introduction to Study of the Hebrew Scriptures 1813, Codex Criticus of the Hebrew Bible 1821, and controversial tracts.
^ George Alexander Hamilton (1802-1871), politician; of Rugby and Trinity College, Oxford; B.A., 1821; D.O.L., 1853; elected on petition for Dublin, 1836; sat for Dublin University, 1843-59; formed Conservative Society for Ireland; presented protestant petition of 1837; financial secretary to treasury, 1852, and 1858-9: permanent secretary, 1859; privy councillor, 1869.
^ Gustavus Hamilton, Viscount Boyne (1639-1723), grandson of Claud Hamilton, baron Paisley; defended Enniskillen and Coleraine against Jacobites, 1689; commanded a regiment at the Boync, 1690, Athlone, 1691, and Vigo, 1707; major-general, 1703; privy councillor under William III. Anne, and George I; created Irish baron, 1715; created Viscount Boyne in Irish peerage, 1717.
^ Henry Parr Hamilton (1794–1880), dean of Salisbury; sou of Alexander Hamilton (1739 -1802); fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge: ninth wrangler, 1816; M.A., 1819; rector of Wath, Yorkshire, and incumbent (1833-44) of St. Mary the Great, Cambridge; F.R.S., 1828; contributed largely to restoration of his cathedral; published educational pamphlets and works on analytical geometry and conic sections,
^ Hugh Hamilton or Hugo, first Baron Hamilton of Glenawley (d. 1679), soldier; having served in Swedish army was naturalised and ennobled; created an Irish peer, 1660; settled in Ireland.
^ Hugh Hamilton, Baron Hamilton in Sweden (d. 1724), Swedish general; nephew of Hugh Hamilton (d. 1679); distinguished himself against the Danes, 1710, and Russians, 1719; ancestor of Swedish counts.
^ Hugh Hamilton (1729-1805), bishop of Clonfert and Ossory; M.A. Dublin, 1750; D.D., 1762; fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1751-64; professor of natural philosophy, 1759; dean of Armagh, 1768-96; F.R.S.; bishop of Clonfert, 1796-9, of Ossory, 1799; collected works issued, 1809.
^ Hugh Douglas Hamilton (1734?-1806); portrait-painter; exhibited with Incorporated Society (1771, and 1773-5) and Free Society of Artists, 1772; went to Rome, 1778; returned to Dublin, 1791.
^ Sir James Hamilton, of Cadzow, first Baron Hamilton (d. 1479), connected, with house of Douglas by his marriage with widow of fifth earl and that of her daughter (Fair Maid of Galloway) with William, eighth earl; lord of parliament, 1445; accompanied the eighth Earl of Douglas to Rome, 1450, and attended him to his fatal meeting with James II at Stirling, 1452; joined James, ninth earl of Douglas, in renunciation of allegiance and subsequent submission, J453; advised another rebellion, but went over to the king owing to Douglas's weakness; commissioner for peace with England and sheriff of Lanarkshire, 1455; married Mary Stewart, sister of James III, 1469.
^ James Hamilton, second Baron Hamilton and first Earl of Arran (1477?-1529), son of Sir James 1 Hamilton, first baron Hamilton; made privy councillor by James IV, whose marriage with Margaret Tudor he negotiated, 1503: created Earl of Arran for skill in tournament, 1503; when lieutenant-general of Scotland helped to reduce Western Isles (1504) and tore-establish king of Denmark: detained in England by Henry VII after embassy to France, 1507; during minority of James V opposed Angus and the English party; plotted against the regent Albany; president of council of regency during Albany's absence in France, 1517-20: defeated in attempt to overpower Angus in Edinburgh, 1520: again member of council of regency, 1622, and lieutenant of the south; joined queen-dowager in ousting Albany and proclaiming James V, 1624; compelled by Henry VIII to re-admit Angus to council: supported Angus against Lennox, 1526, but on escape of James V from the Douglases received Both well from Angus's forfeited estates.
^ Sir James Hamilton, of Finnart (d. 1540), royal architect; natural son of James Hamilton, second baron Hamilton; prominent as the Bastard of Arran in his father's feuds with the Douglases, especially at Cleanse the Causeway 1520; assassinated Lennox when a prisoner after Linlithgow, 1526; legitimated by James V, as designer of Craignethan and restorer of Linlithgow and Falkland; executed for alleged plot to murder the king.
^ James Hamilton, second Earl of Arran and Duke of Châtelherault (d. 1576), governor of Scotland; eldest son of James Hamilton, second baron Hamilton; chosen governor of Scotland (as second person in the realm, 1542: for a short time head of the English party, but came to terms with Cardinal David Beaton, 1543: successfully resisted trans! power to queen-dowager, 1545; created Duke of Chatelherault, 1548; obliged to abdicate regency, 1654; returned to English alliance on capture of Edinburgh by lords of congregation, 1559; revived his project for marriage of his son with Queen Mary on her arrival in Scotland: for his opposition to Darnley marriage banished to France, 1566; returned to Scotland, 1669, as supporter of the queen and was imprisoned with Moray.
^ James Hamilton, of Bothwellhaugh (fl. 1566-1580), assassin of the regent Moray: captured at Langside, 1568, but pardoned at Knox's intercession; shot the regent Moray at Linlithgow, 1570 see STEWART, LORD JAMES, 1531-1570; escaped to France and tried to obtain aid for Mary; exoepted from pacification of Perth: refused to assist in murder of Coligny, but acted as agent for the Spanish kinir in attempts on life of William the Silent, 1573 and 1575; disinherited; probably died abroad.
^ James Hamilton, third Earl of Arran (1530-1609), eldest son of James, second earl of Arran; proposed by Henry VIII as husband for Princess Elizabeth, 1643, but destined by his father for Mary Queen of Scots; served in Scots guards in France, 1550-8; distinguished at St. Quentin, 1557; styled Earl of Arran after 1553; became a protestant while in France, and by Knox's advice was brought to England to confer with the government, 1558; despatched secretly to Scotland, 1569; strengthened his father in protestant policy; with Lord James Stuart (Moray) attempted to capture Bothwell, and by defending Dysart saved Fife from the French; took part in siege of Leith, and signed the last bandand the first Book of Discipline; again made proposals for hand of Elizabeth, 1560-1; on Knox's advice renewed also his suit to Mary; reconciled with Bothwell by Knox, 1562; revealed to latter alleged advice of Bothwell to him to carry off Mary, marry her, and murder Moray and Maitland, 1562; imprisoned till 1666, now almost insane; afterwards lived in retirement at Craignethan till brought to Linlithgow by James VI, 1579.
^ James Hamilton, first Earl of Abercorn (d. 1617), son of Claud Hamilton, baron Paisley; gentleman of the bedchamber to James VI; privy councillor (as master of Paisley, 1598; sheriff of Linlithgow, 1600; created Baron Abercorn (Scotland), 1603; created earl for services as commissioner for union with England, 1606.
^ James Hamilton, second Marquis of Hamilton (1589-1625); succeeded his father, Lord John Hamilton, as marquis, 1604, and his uncle as Earl of Arran, 1609; privy councillor of Scotland, 1613, of England, 1617; created an English peer (Earl of Cambridge), 1619: advocated leniency to Bacon, 1621: as high commissioner to Scottish parliament, 1621, carried Five Articles of Perth; a commissioner for marriage of Prince Charles to the Spanish Infanta, 1623; lord-steward, 1624: opposed Buckingham's French policy, 1624; said to have been poisoned by Buckingham.
^ James Hamilton, first Viscount Clanboyne in Irish peerage (1569-1643), Ulster planter: educated at St. Andrews University; despatched by James VI on secret mission to Ireland, 1587; carried on Latin school in Dublin, which Ussher attended: original fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1592; James VI's agent in London, 1600: knighted and given large grants in Ulster, 1605: M.P., co. Down, 1613: commissioner for plantation of Longford, 1619; created Irish peer, 1622; granted dissolved monastery of Bangor, 1630; privy councillor, 1634; armed Scots in Ulster, 1641.
^ James Hamilton, third Marquis and first Duke of Hamilton in the Scottish peerage, second Earl of Cambridge in the English peerage (1606-1649), succeeded as third marquis, 1625; master of the horse, 1628: privy councillor, 1628; commanded British force under Gustavus Adolphus, 1630-4: as Charles I's adviser on Scottish affairs, persuaded him to revoke the prayer-book, canons, and high commission, and to call a parliament, 1638; commanded against covenanters, but resigned commissionership, 1639; carried on intrigues between Charles and covenanters, and opposed Strafford and Montrose: allied himself (1641) for a time with Argyll, but ( I-, W) endeavoured to prevent Soote from supporting English parliament: refused to take the covenant. i43, and joiiml the kin- m oxford, but was imprisoned, 1644; liberated by Fairfax, 1646; again attempted to mediate between Charles and the Scots, 1646: led Scottish army into England, but was defeated at Preston, 1648; condemned and executed, 1649.
^ James Hamilton (d. 1666), divine; educated at Glasgow University; incumbent of Ballywalter, 1626-36; deposed for heresy after public disputation, 1636; afterwards minister at Dumfries and Edinburgh.
^ James Hamilton (1610-1674), bishop of Galloway; graduated at Glasgow, 1628; minister of Cambusnethan, 1634; deposed, 1638, but restored, 1639; supported the Engagement 1648; bishop of Galloway, 1661-74.
^ James Hamilton, of Murdieston (fl. 1640–1680), painter of animals and still-life at Brussels,
^ James Hamilton, sixth Earl of Abercorn; (1656-1734), grandson of Sir George Hamilton: assisted in defence of Derry, 1689; succeeded as Earl of Abercorn, 1701; created Viscount Strabane (Irish peerage 1701; privy councillor.
^ James Hamilton, seventh Earl of Abercorn (d. 1744), second son of James Hamilton, sixth earl of Abercorn; privy councillor of England (1738) and Ireland (1739): F.R.S.; published Calculations and Tables relating to Attractive Power of Loadstones 1729.
^ James Hamilton, eighth Earl of Abercorn (1712-1789), eldest son of James Hamilton, seventh earl of Abercorn; summoned to Irish House of Peers as Baron Mountcastle, 1736; representative peer of Scotland, 1761-86; created British peer as Viscount Hamilton, 1786.
^ James Hamilton (1769–1829), author of Hamiltonian linguistic system; derived rudiments of his system from D'Angeli, an emigre; detained in Paris at rupture of peace of Amiens; began to teach his system at Philadelphia, 1816, and to print texts for use of pupils; very successful at Boston, the American universities, and in Canada; came to London, 1823, and taught in chief cities of United Kingdom; was defended in Edinburgh Review 1826, by Sydney Smith, and in Westminster Review.
^ James Hamilton, the elder (1749–1835), Edinburgh physician; noted for old-fashioned dress and manners and his works on purgative treatment.
^ James Hamilton, the younger (d. 1839), professor of midwifery at Edinburgh, 1800, succeeding his father, Alexander Hamilton (1739-1802); recovered damages from Dr. James Gregory, 1753-1821 for assault, 1793; succeeded in getting obstetrics made compulsory in medical course of Edinburgh University, 1830; published medical works.
^ James Hamilton (1814–1867), presbyterian minister; graduated at Glasgow, 1835; Caudlish's assistant at St. George's, Edinburgh, 1838: minister of National Scottish Church, Regent Square, London, 18411867; published devotional and biographical works; his Book of Psalms and Hymns adopted by presbyterian churches.
^ James Hamilton, first Duke of Abercorn (1811-1885), succeeded his grandfather as second Marquis of Abercorn, 1818: groom of the stole to Prince Albert, 1846-59; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1866-8 and 1874-6; created duke, 1868.
^ James Alexander Hamilton (1785–1846), compiler of musical handbooks, including the Pianoforte Tutor (1728th ed. 1890).
^ James Archibald Hamilton (1747–1815), astronomer; educated at Armagh and Trinity College, Dublin; B.A.: D.D., 1784; made observations on transit of Mercury from private observatory in Cookstown: archdeacon of Ross, 1790; dean of Cloyue, 1804: first astronomer at Armagh Observatory, 1790.
^ Janet Hamilton (1795–1873), Scottish poetess; daughter of a Lancashire shoemaker; herPoems and Prose Works collected by her son, 1880.
^ John Hamilton (1511?–1571), archbishop of St. Andrews; natural son of James Hamilton, first earl of Arran; keeper of the privy seal, 1543: bishop of Dunkeld, 1545; archbishop of St. Andrews, 1546; reconciled Arran with Beaton; promulgated Hamilton's catechism at synod of 1552; endowed St. Mary's College, St. Andrews; persecuted protestants; accepted new confession, 1560; imprisoned for popish practices, 1563; member of councils of Mary Queen of Scots, 1566; divorced Bothwell from Lady Jane Gordon, 1567; present at Langside, 1568; hanged at Stirling on charge of being accessory to Darnley's murder and of complicity in that of Moray.
^ John Hamilton, first Marquis of Hamilton (1532-1604), second son of James Hamilton, duke of Chatelherault; assisted Bothwell and negotiated with England for deliverance of Mary; furthered assassination of Moray (1570) in revenge for forfeiture; represented his family at pacification of Perth, 1573; head of his family after death of Chatelherault, 1675; in constant danger of his life from Sir William Douglas (d. 1606); escaped to France, 1679; joined his brother, Lord Claud Hamilton, in England, and thence went to Scotland, 1584; recovered his estates; in favour with James VI; went on embassy to Denmark, 1588; a lord of the articles, 1594; accompanied James VI against Huntly; sat on Huntly's trial; created marquis, 1599.
^ John Hamilton (fl. 1568–1609), anti-protestant writer; described himself as the queen's daily orator; probably Mary Stuart's messenger to Alva, 1568-9; tutor to Cardinal de Bourbon, 1576; rector of Paris University, 1584; prominent member of French Catholic League; adjutant of thirteen hundred armed ecclesiastics, 1590; on the entry of Henri Quatre (1594) escaped to Brussels; executed in effigy for murder of Tardif; returned to Scotland, 1600, with Edmund Hay, and secretly celebrated mass; captured, 1608; died in prison. He published at Paris (1581) tract in favour of transubstantiation, with appendix dedicated to James VI, and at Louvain (1600) a treatise, with prayers, also dedicated to the king.
^ Sir John Hamilton, first Baron Bargeny (d. 1658), royalist; grandson of John, first marquis of Hamilton; created a Scottish peer, 1639.
^ John Hamilton, second Baron Bargeny (d. 1693), son of Sir John Hamilton, first baron Bargeny; imprisoned as disaffected, 1679-80; raised regiment for William of Orange, 1689.
^ John Hamilton, second Baron Belhaven (1656-1708), imprisoned and compelled to apologise for remarks on Duke of York, 1681; contributed to settlement of Scottish crown on William III, 1689, and became privy councillor; strong supporter of Darien scheme; advocated Act of Security, 1703, and strongly opposed the union, his speech of 1706 becoming famous as Belhaven's Vision; imprisoned (1708) on suspicion of favouring French invasion.
^ John Hamilton (d. 1755), captain in the navy; second son of James Hamilton, seventh earl of Abercorn; distinguished at wreck of the Louisa, 1736; had the Kinsale fitted with nine-pounders and canvas screens, 1742: drowned near Spithead.
^ John Hamilton ( fl. 1765–1786), painter; director of Incorporated Society of Artists, 1773.
^ John Hamilton (1761–1814), Scottish songwriter; contributed to Johnson's Museum and helped Scott with Border Minstrelsy; composed songs, including Up in the MorninEarly and The Ploughman
^ Sir John Hamilton, first baronet (1755–1835), lieutenant-general; served in East Indian army in Dutch He bar and against Mahrattas (1778), and in British against Tippoo Sahib, 1790-1; lieutenant-colonel of the 81st in San Domingo and Kaffir war of 1800; inspector-general of Portuguese army, 1809; commanded divisions at Albuera, 1811, and the Nivelle, 1813; lieutenant-general, 1814; created baronet, 1816.
^ John George Hamilton (1662–1736?), painter at Vienna; son of James Hamilton (ft. 1640-1680)
^ Malcolm Hamilton (1635–1699), Swedish general; naturalised as Swedish noble, 1664; created Baron Hamilton de Hageby, 1693.
^ Mary Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton (1613-1638), lady of the bedchamber to Henrietta Maria; Waller wrote Thyrsis Galatea in her praise.
^ Lady Mary Hamilton, (1739–1816), novelist; nee Leslie; lived with her second husband in France, and was intimate with Sir Herbert Croft (1751-1816) q. v. and Charles Nodier; published four novels,
^ Mrs Hamilton. (fl. 1745–1772), actress; appeared for some years as Mrs. Bland, playing with Garrick at Covent Garden in Shakespearean parts. 1746; reappeared at Covent Garden, 1752-62; afterwards went to Ireland; her distresses the cause of the establishment of the Theatrical Fund.
^ Patrick Hamilton (1504?–1528), Scottish martyr; grandson of Sir James Hamilton of Cadzow, lord Hamilton; M.A. Paris, 1520; M.A. St. Andrews, 1524; saw Luther and Melanchthon at Wittenberg; at Marburg, 1527, composed his Loci Communes Patrick's Pleas; after return to Scotland charged i with seven articles of heresy; sentenced by Archbishop Beaton and burnt at St. Andrews; had previously converted Alexander Alesius
^ Richard Hamilton (fl. 1688), Jacobite lieui tenant-general; brother of Anthony Hamilton; served with distinction in French army; banished French j court for seeking Princess de Conti in marriage; despatched j by Tyrconnel with troops to help James II in England, 1688; sent by William in with offers to Irish catholics; deserted to Tyrconnel, 1689; commanded at siege of Derry, I 1689: captured at the Boyne; sent to the Tower, 1690; rejoined James in France.
^ Richard Winter Hamilton (1794–1848), independent minister; minister of Albion (afterwards of Belgrave) Chapel, Leeds; LL.D. Glasgow, 1844; chairman of Congregational Union, 1847; published Horse et Vindiciae Sabbaticae 1847.
^ Sir Robert Hamilton , second baronet (1650–1701), covenanting leader; educated under Burnet at Glasgow; one of the composers of Rutherglen declaration, 1679; showed cowardice in command at Drumclog and at Bothwell Brigg, 1679; fled to Holland; visited Germany and Switzerland as commissioner for Scottish presbyterian church; returned and succeeded as baronet, 1688; imprisoned on suspicion of having drawn up Sanquhar declaration, 1692-3.
^ Robert Hamilton (1721–1793), physician; published work on scrofula, 1791.
^ Robert Hamilton (1743–1829), professor of natural philosophy and mathematics at Aberdeen, 17791829; published Inquiry concerning the Rise and Progress, Reduction and Present State, and the Management of the National Debt 1813.
^ Robert Hamilton (1749–1830), physician ; M.D. Edinburgh, 1780; served in the army; practised at Ipswich; published Duties of a Regimental Surgeon 1788, and a book on the cure of hydrophobia.
^ Robert Hamilton (1750?–1831), legal writer and genealogist; served in American war; sheriff of Lanarkshire; clerk of session; accompanied Scott on voyage (1814) as commissioner of northern lights; edited (1803)Decisions of Court of Session, from November 1769 to January 1772
^ Sir Robert George Crookshank Hamilton (1836-1895), governor of Tasmania; educated at University and King's College, Aberdeen; M.A., 1864: honorary LL.D., 1886; clerk in commissariat department in Crimea, 1855: in charge of finance of education de; partment, 1861; accountant, 1869, and assistant-secretary, 1872-8, to board of trade; accountant-general of navy, 1878; permanent secretary to admiralty, 1882; permanent undersecretary for Ireland, 1883-6; K.C.B., 1884; governor of Tasmania, 1886-93.
^ Sir Robert North Collie Hamilton, sixth baronet (1802-1887), Indian official; educated at Hailey bury; acting secretary in political department. Benares, 1830; resident with Holkar of Indore, 1844-57; succeeded i to baronetcy, 1853; viceroy's agent for Central India, 1864-9; his plan for pacification of Central India adopted: K.C.B.; member of supreme council of India, 1859-60.
^ Sir Thomas Hamilton, Lord Drumcairn, Earl of Melrose, and afterwards first Earl of Haddington (1563–1637); educated under his uncle, John Hamilton (fl. 1568-1609) at Paris; admitted advocate, 1587; lord of session as Lord Drumcairn, 1592; probably suggester and was a member of the Octavians; favourite of James VI; king's advocate, 1596; knighted soon after James VI's accession as James I of England: a commissioner for union, 1604; procured imprisonment of Andrew Melville and execution of Sprotfor connection with Gowrie conspiracy of 1600; one of the new Octavians, 1611; secretary of state, 1612-26; created Baron Binning and Byres, 1613; president of court of session, 1616-26; created Earl of Melrose, 1619, for obtaining adoption of episcopalianism by six articles of Perth, 1618; lord privy seal, 1626; his title changed to Earl of Haddington, 1626. Notes of the Charters, &c., by the Earl of Melrose was issued in 1830, his State Papers in 1837.
^ Thomas Hamilton , second Earl of Haddington (1600–1640), covenanter ; son of Sir Thomas Hamilton, first Earl of Haddington; privy councillor, 1637; signed king's covenant 1638; drew up Glasgow proclamation, 1638; defended borders, 1640; perished in explosion at Dunglass Oastle.
^ Thomas Hamilton, sixth Earl of Haddington (1680-1736), member of the squadrone volante; wounded at Sheriffmuir, 1715: elected a representative peer, 1716; caricatured as Simon the Skipper; his treatise on forest trees printed, 1761.
^ Thomas Hamilton (1789–1842), author; second son of William Hamilton (1758-1790); wounded at Albuera, 1811; settled in Edinburgh, c. 1818; one of the Blackwood writers praised in Noctea Ambrosiauae 1826; intimate with Scott at Chiefs wood and Wordsworth at EUeray; published Cyril Thornton (1827), Annals of the Peninsular Campaign (1829), Men and Manners in America(1833); died at Pisa and was buried at Florence.
^ Thomas Hamilton , ninth Earl of Haddington (1780-1858); educated at Edinburgh and Christ Church, Oxford? M.A. Oxford, 1816; tory M.P. for St. Germans, 1802-6, Oallington, 1807-14, Michael-Borough, 1814-18, Rochester, 1818-26, and Yarmouth (Isle of Wight), 1826; Indian commissioner, 1814-22; created Baron Melros of Tynuinghame, 1827; succeeded to Scottish peerage, 1828; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1834-5; first lord of the admiralty, 1841-6; lord privy seal, 1846.
^ Thomas Hamilton (1784–1858), architect; designed Burns monuments at Alloway, 1818, and Edinburgh, 1830, Knox column at Glasgow, 1825, Edinburgh High School (opened 1829), and town buildings and spire at Ayr, 1828; a founder and first treasurer of R.S. A.; F.R.I.B.A., 1836-46.
^ Walter Kerr Hamilton (1808–1869), bishop of Salisbury; nephew of William Richard Hamilton ; at Eton and as private pupil of Dr. Arnold of Rugby at Laletiam; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1827; B.A., 1830; fellow of Merton College, 1832; vicar of St. Peter's-in-the-East, Oxford, 1837-41; canon of Salisbury, 1841; bishop of Salisbury, 1884-69, establishing theological college, 1861; published pamphlet on Cathedral Reform 1853.
^ William de Hamilton (d. 1307), chancellor of England: vice-chancellor to the king, 1286; dean of York, 1298; chancellor of England, 1305-7.
^ William Hamilton, second Duke of Hamilton (1616-1651), brother of James Hamilton, first duke: created Earl of Lanark, 1639 (so styled till 1649); secretary of state for Scotland, 1640-3 and 1646; fled with his brother (1641) after the Incident, but was at peace with the king till arrest at Oxford, 1643; escaped and made bis peace with Scottish estates, 1644; one of commissioners at Newcastle, 1646; again reconciled to Charles I, 1646; protested against his surrender to English army; concluded treaty with the king at Garisbrooke on basis of introduction of presbyterianism into England, 1647; commanded force against Westland whips, but had to submit to Argyll; succeeded to dukedom while in Holland: made K.G. and privy councillor by Charles II, whom he accompanied to Scotland, 1650; mortally wounded at Worcester. -r
^ William Hamilton (d. 1724), of Wishaw; antiquary; his Account of the Shyres of Renfrew and Lanark edited by William Motherwell, 1838.
^ William Hamilton (d. 1729), archdeacon of Armagh; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 16W; LL.B., 1700: archdeacon of Armagh, 1700-29; published life of James Bonnell, 170S.
^ William Hamilton (1665?–1751), of Gilbertfield; poet; corresponded in verse with Allan Ramsay in 'Seven Familiar Epistles which passed between Lieutenant Hamilton and the Author(1719); wrote elegy on his dog, Bonny Heck and Willie was a Wanton Wag; abridged and modernised Blind Harry's Wallace 1722.
^ William Hamilton 17U4-1754), of Bangour; poet; contributed lyrics to Allan Ramsay'sTea-Table Miscellany," between 1724 and 1727; celebrated victory of Prestonpans inGladsmuir and while hiding after Culloden wroteSoliloquy... in June 1746 composed ballads and Episode of the Thistle; made the earliest Homeric translation into English blank verse; his poems issued by Foulis, 1749, and posthumously; died at Lyons.
^ William Hamilton (1758–1790), surgeon; M.A. Glasgow, 1775; professor of anatomy and botany at Glasgow, 1781.
^ William Hamilton (1755–1797), naturalist and antiquary; fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1779; M.A., 1779; rector of Clondavaddpg or Fannet, Donegal, 1790; publishedLetters concerning the Northern Coast of Antrim 1786; murdered by banditti at Sharon, 1797.
^ William Hamilton (1761–1801), painter: studied under Zucchi in Italy; R.A., 1789: exhibited from 1774 historical pictures, arabesques, and ornaments, scriptural and Shakespearean pictures, and portraits, including full-lengths of Mrs. Siddons and John Wesley.
^ Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), diplomatist and archaeologist; grandson of William Douglas, third duke of Hamilton; M.P., Midhurst, 1761-4; plenipotentiary at Naples, 1764-1800; K.B., 1772; made twenty-two ascents of Vesuvius, witnessing 1776 and 1777 eruptions; visited Etna; F.R.S., 1766; published 'Campi Phlegraei 1776 (also a supplement, 1779), and other works describing observations of volcanoes and Calabrian earthquakes; sent account of Pompeian discoveries to Society of Antiquaries; sold collections of Greek vases and antiquities to British Museum, 1773: and to Thomas Hope, 1801; purchased from Gavin Hamilton (1730-1797) Warwick Vase and from Byres, the architect, Portland Vase; privy councillor, 1791; married Emma Hart, 1791; entertained Nelson at Naples, 1798; accompanied Neapolitan court to Palermo, 1798; travelled to England with Nelson; D.C.L. Oxford, 1802.
^ William Hamilton (1780–1835), theological writer; minister of Strathblane, Stirlingshire, 1809-36; moved resolution against lay patronage in general assembly, 1834; published theological works, 1820-35.
^ Sir William Hamilton , baronet (1788–1856), metaphysician; educated at Glasgow and Balliol College, Oxford, where he was intimate with J. G. Lockhart; M.A., 1814; established claim to baronetcy, 1816; introduced by Christopher North to De Quincey at Edinburgh, 1814; visited Germany, 1817 and 1820; elected professor of civil history at Edinburgh, 1821; had controversy with Combe on phrenology; solicitor of teinds, 1832; his philosophical reputation made by articles in 'Edinburgh Review 1829-36; elected to chair of logic and metaphysics at Edinburgh, 1836; made great impression by lectures (ed. Mausel and Veitch, 1*59); attacked non-intrusion principle in ecclesiastical controversy of 1843; partially paralysed after 1844; edited Reid's works, 1846 (completed by Mansel); Hamilton philosophical examination founded in his honour, 1866. His doctrine of the quantification of the predicatewas assailed by De Morgan, and that of the unknowability of the infinite by Calderwood. He contributed to psychology and logic the theories of the association of ideas, of unconscious mental modifications, and the inverse relation of perception and sensation. Posthumous criticism was led by Mill and Hutchison Stirling.
^ William Gerard Hamilton (1789–1796), Single-speech Hamilton; grandson of William Hamilton (d. 1724); educated at Winchester and Oriel College, Oxford; student of Lincoln's Inn, 1744; as M.P. for Petersfield made celebrated maiden speech, 1756 (the so-calledsinglespeech); a commissioner of trade, 1766: M.P., Pontefract, 1761, Killebegs (Irish parliament), 17611768; chief secretary for Ireland, 1761-4, and chancellor of Irish exchequer, 1763-84; spoke ably in Irish parliament, 1761-2; obtained, 1763, but subsequently appropriated, pension for Burke, who was for a time his private secretary; M.P., Old Sarum, 1768, Wareham, 1774, Wilton, 1780, and Haslemere, 1 790; his conversational powers highly praised by Dr. Johnson; Letters of Junius attributed to him by some of his contemporaries; his works published after his death by Malone under title of Parliamentary Logick
^ William John Hamilton (1805–1867), geologist; son of William Richard Hamilton; educated at Charterhouse and Gottinpen; pupil of Murchison; F.G.S., 1831; secretary of Geological Society, 1832-54, president, 1854 and 1865; M.P., Newport (Isle of Wight), 1841-7; his tour in the Levant, 1835-7, described inResearches in Asia Minor, Pontus, and Armenia 1842; president of Royal Geographical Society, 1837, 1841, 1842, and 1847; made excursions in France and Belgium, and wrote papers on rocks of Tuscany and geology of the Mayence basin and Hesse-Cassel.
^ William Richard Hamilton (1777–1869), antiquary and diplomatist; cousin of William Gerard Hamilton; lamed for life at Harrow; as secretary to Lord Elgin prevented France carrying off Rosetta stone; superintended safe transportation to England of Grecian marbles, 1802; under-secretary for foreign affairs, 1809-22; minister at Naples, 1822-5; obtained restoration by France of works of art taken from Italy, 1815; trustee of British Museum, 1838-58; published Sgyptiaca(1809), containing first translations of Rosetta inscriptions.
^ Sir William Rowan Hamilton (1805-1865), mathematician; discoverer of science of quaternions; as a child competed with Zerah Colburn, the calculating boy at sixteen detected an error of reasoning in Laplace's Mecanique Celeste; at Trinity College, Dublin, obtained the double optimeand twice won vice-chancellor's prize for English verse; while an undergraduate predicted conical refraction appointed Andrews professor of astronomy, 1827; astronomer royal of Ireland; gold medallist of Royal Society for optical discovery and for (1834) theory of a general method of dynamics; knighted, 1835; president of Royal Irish Academy, 1837: published Lectures on Quaternions 1853. His Elements of Quaternions appeared posthumously, 1866.
^ Archibald Hamilton-Rowan (1751-1834). See Rowan.
^ Edward Hamley (1764–1834), poet; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1786; B.C.L., 1791; rector of Cusop, 1805-34, and Stanton St. John, 1806-34; published poems (17*5), translations from Petrarch and Metastasio, 1795, and sonnets, 1795.
^ Sir Edward Bruce Hamley (1824–1893), general; studied at Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; lieutenant, royal artillery, 1843; stationed at Gibraltar; adjutant to Colonel (Sir) Richard James Dacres q. v.j in Crimea; brevet lieutenant-colonel, 1865; contributed to Fraser's and Black wood's magazines; edited first series ofTales from Blackwood 1858; professor of military history, Sandhurst, 1869-64; publishedOperations of War 1866; lieutenant-colonel, 1864; member of council of military education, 1866-70; commandant of staff college, 1870-7; major-general, 1877; British commissioner for delimitation of Bulgaria, 1879, Armenian frontier, 1880, and Greek frontier, 1881: K.C.M.G., 1880; lieutenant-general, 1882; commanded division in Egypt, 1882; fought at Tel-el-Kebir; K.C.B., 1882; M.P. for Birkenhead, 1886, and 1886-92; colonel-commandant, royal artillery, 1886; general, 1890: published novels, Shakespeare's Funeral 1869, and military works.
^ James Astbury Hammersley (1816–1869), painter; master of Manchester School of Design, 1849-62; first president, Manchester Academy of Fine Arts, 1867-61.
^ Sir Stephen Love Hammick, first baronet , (1777-1867), surgeon extraordinary to George IV and William IV; surgeon to Naval Hospital, Plymouth, 1803: created baronet, 1834; an original member of London University senate published Practical Remarks on... Strictures of the Urethra 1830.
^ Anthony Hammond (1668–1738), poet and pamphleteer; grand-nephew of William Hammond q. v.; M.P., Huntingdonshire, 1695-8, Cambridge srersity, 1698-1701, Huntingdon, 1702-8; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1698; commissioner of public accounts, 1701; commissioner of the navy, 1702; declared incapable of sitting in parliament as holding the latter office, 1708; treasurer of forces in Spain, 1711; published pamphlets on finance and parliamentary practice; edited 'New Miscellany of Original Poems 1720; died debtor in the Fleet.
^ Anthony Hammond (1758–1838), legal writer ; prepared draft of Act of 1827 consolidating and amending the criminal law.
^ Edmund Hammond, Baron Hammond (1802-1890), diplomatist; son of George Hammond; of Harrow and University College, Oxford: fellow, 1828-46; M.A., 1826; accompanied Stratford Canning to Constantinople, 1831, Madrid, and Lisbon, 1832; chief of the oriental department of foreign office; permanent undersecretary, 1854-73; privy councillor, 1866; created a peer, 1874; died at Mentone.
^ George Hammond (1763–1853), diplomatist; educated at Merton College, Oxford; fellow, 1787; M.A., 1788; secretary to David Hartley the younger at Paris, 1783; charge d'affaires at Vienna, 1788-90; first British minister at Washington, 1791-5; as undersecretary for foreign affairs (1796-1806 and 1807-9) intimate with Grenville and Canning; joint-editor of Anti-Jacobin; D.C.L. Oxford, 1810.
^ Henry Hammond (1605–1660), chaplain to Charles I; son of John Hammond (d. 1817); of Eton and Magdalen College, Oxford; fellow, 1626, M.A., 1625, D.D., 1639; incumbent of Penshurst, 1633; archdeacon of Chichester, 1643; became known to Charles I by Practical Catechism 1644; canon of Christ Church and pablic orator at Oxford, 1645; chaplain to royal commissioners at Uxbridge, 1645, and to Charles I, 1647; deprived and imprisoned, but afterwards allowed to live with Sir Philip Warwick and Sir John Pakington; publishedParaphrase and Annotations on the New Testament 1663; his collected works edited by William Fulman, 1674-84,Miscellaneous Theological Works by Nicholas Pocock, 1847-60.
^ James Hammond (1710–1742), poet; son of Anthony Hammond (1668-1738); educated at ! Westminster: equerry to Frederick, prince of Wales, 1733; M.P., Truro, 1741-2; said to have died for love of Kitty Dashwood; hisLove Elegies(1743) (with preface by Chesterfield) condemned by Dr. Johnson for 'frigid pedantry
^ John Hammond (1542–1589), civilian; fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge; LL.D., 1569; commissary of j deanery of St. Paul's, 1673; master of chancery, 1574; chancellor of London, 1675; delegate to diet of Smalkald, I 1678; M.P., Rye, 1585, St. Looe, 1586: as member of high I commission examined Campion (1581) and other Jesuits under torture.
^ John Hammond (d. 1617), physician to James I; son of John Hammond (1542-1589); fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1573; M.A., 1577: M.D. Oxford, 1603; F.R.C.P., 1608; made post-mortem examination of Henry, Prince of Wales.
^ Robert Hammond (1621–1664), parliamentarian : grandson of John Hammond (rf. 1617); member of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1636; captain in parliamentary , army, 1642; distinguished himself at Tewkesbury, 1644; as colonel of foot in thenew model 1645, captured Powder ham Castle and St. Michael's Mount; taken by royalists at Basing House, 1646: governor of Isle of Wight, 1647; custodian of Charles I, who had mistakenly taken refuge with him in the Isle of Wight, November 1647 to November 1648; meuiticr of the Irish council 1654.
^ Samuel Hammond (d. 1665), nonconformist divine; fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge; chaplain to Sir Arthur Hesilrige; while minister at Newcastle (1652-60) assisted in exposing the impostor, Thomas Ramsay; assisted in writing a tract against quakers, 1664.
^ William Hammond (ft. 1655), poet ; his 'Poems ' (1665) reprinted, 1816.
^ Sir Andrew Snape Hamond, first baronet (1738-1828), comptroller of the navy: present at Quiberou Bay, 1759; captain, 1770; knighted for services in Chesapeake expedition and defence of Sandy Hook, 1778; governor of Nova Scotia, 1780-2; created baronet, 1783; commander at the Nore, 1785-8; commissioner of the navy, 1793: M.P., Ipswich, 1796-1806; comptroller of the navy, 17941806.
^ George Hamond (1620–1705), ejected divine: M.A. Exeter College, Oxford; studied at Trinity College, Dublin; ejected from St. Peter's and Trinity, Dorchester, 1662; presbyterian minister and schoolmaster at Tauutou, 1672-85: pastor of ArmourersHall, London, and lecturer at SaltersHall.
^ Sir Graham Eden Hamond , second baronet (1779-1862), admiral; son of Sir Andrew Snape H union. 1 : midshipman on Howe's flagship at victory of 1794; commanded the Blanche at Copenhagen, 1801; captured Spanish treasure ships, 1804; at reduction of Flushing, 1809; commander on South American station, 1834-8; admiral, 1847; admiral of the fleet, 1862; G.C.B., 1855.
^ Walter Hamond (fl. 1643), author of tracts on Madagascar, 1640 and 1643.
^ Matthew Hamont (d. 1679), heretic; burnt at Norwich. On his case Philip van Limborch corresponded with Locke, 1699.
^ Viscounts Hampden . See TREVOR, ROBERT Hampden, first VISCOUNT, 1706–1783; TREVOR, JOHN, Hampden, third VISCOUNT, 1749–1824; BRAND, SIR Bouvehie William Henry, 1814–1892, first VISCOUNT of new creation,
^ John Hampden (1594–1643), statesman ; educated at Thame School and Magdalen College, Oxford; also studied at Inner Temple; M.P. for Grampound, 1621-6, and for Wendover in first three parliaments of Charles I; afterwards represented Buckinghamshire; imprisoned (1627) for refusing to pay forced loan of 1626; prominent in Charles I's third parliament; closely associated with Sir John Eliot, corresponding with him when Eliot was in prison; one of the twelve grantees of land in Connecticut, 1G32; by resisting second ship-money writ, 1635 (declared legal by exchequer court, 1638), caused it to be paid with increasing reluctance; most popular member in the Short parliament, 1640; led the opposition to the king's demand for twelve subsidies in exchange for the abandonment of ship-money, 1640; exercised great influence over Pym in the Long parliament, and proved a powerful debater and strategist; as one of the managers of Strafford's impeachment opposed the resolution for a bill of attainder, and (1641) obtained leave for Strafford's counsel to be heard; supported the. root-and-branch bill; attended the king to Scotland, 1641; calmed House of Commons after the carrying of the Grand Remonstrance, 1641; impeached by the attorney-general, 1642 (3 Jan.), but escaped the attempted arrest by the king next day; returned to move (20 Jan. 1642) the resolution giving control of the militia and the Tower to parliament; leading member of the committee of safety; raised i-egiment of foot and executed the militia ordinance in his own county after Edgehill, joining the main army (1642) under Essex, whose retreat after Edgehill he condemned; resisted acceptance of Charles I's overtures for peace, 1642-3, and urged an immediate attack on Oxford; mortally wounded in a skirmish with Prince liupert at Chalgrove Field; died at Thame, and was buried in Great Hampden Church.
^ John Hampden , the younger (1666?–1696), politician; son of Richard Hampden; M.P., Buckinghamshire, 1679, Wendover, 1681-90; imprisoned and fined on charge of plotting uu insurrection, 1684; condemned to dentil for high treason after MonmouthV rifling, 1Gn. but briUt.lefTeries ami I'etre, and was pardoned; prominent in Convention parliament (168!) as:m rvtr.me whitf; opposed employment by William III of Halifax and other ex-ministers; committed suicide.
^ Renn Dickson Hampden (1793–1868), bishop of Hereford; fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1814; double first, 1814; M.A., 1816; D.D., 1833; intimate with Arnold and Whately; Bampton lecturer, 1832; principal of St. Mary Hall, 1833; professor of moral philosophy, 1834: his appointment by Melbourne to the regius professorship of divinity (1836) oppoeed on ground of his unorthodoxy, as also his nomination to bishopric (1848); bishop of Hereford, 1848-68; published The Scholastic Philosophy considered in its Relation to Christian Theology (Bampton lectures), 1833.
^ Richard Hampden (1631–1696), chancellor of the exchequer; son of John Hampden (1694-1643); M.P., Buckinghamshire, 1656, and 1681-90, Weudover, 1660-79, and 1690-5; member of Protector's Houae of Lords; entertained Baxter during the plague, 1666; moved Exclusion Bill of 1679; chairman of Commons committee that declared the throne vacant, 1689; privy councillor, 1689; commissioner of the treasury, 1689: chancellor of the exchequer, 1690-4; refused emoluments from William III.
^ William Hamper (1776–1831), antiquary; F.S.A., 1821; contributed toGentleman's Magazine assisted John Britton and other topographical writers; published * Observations on certain Ancient Pillars of Memorial called Hoar-Stones 1820, and Life, Diary, and Correspondence of Sir W. Dugdale 1827.
^ Richard Hampole (1290?–1349). See Richard Rolle.
^ John Hampson (1760–1817?), author; M.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1792; rector of Sunderlaud, 1801; published works including Memoirs of Rev. John Wesley 1791; translated The Poetics of Marcus Hieronymus Vida 1793.
^ Hampton, first Baron (1799–1880). See Sir John Somerset Pakington.
^ Christopher Hampton (1552–1625), archbishop of Armagh; probably fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1585: nominated to see of Derry, 1611, but not consecrated; archbishop of Armagh, 1613-25; restored Armagh Cathedral; maintained primacy of Armagh.
^ James Hampton (1721–1778), translator of Polybius; of Winchester and Corpus Christi College, Oxford; M.A., 1747; rector of Mouktou Moor, 1762, and Folkton, Yorkshire, 1775; translated Polybius, first five books, 1756-61; issued extracts from sixth book of Polybius, 1764.
^ John Hanboys or Hamboys (fl. 1470), doctor of music; his commentary on works of the two Francos printed by Coussemaker.
^ Benjamin Hanbury (1778–1864), nonconformist historian; first treasurer of Congregational Union, 1831-64; publishedHistorical Memorials relating to the Independents... from their Rise to the Restoration (1839-44), and an edition of Hooker (1830).
^ Daniel Hanbury (1826–1875), pharmacist; treasurer of Linnaean Society; F.R.S., 1867; visited Palestine with Sir Joseph Hooker, 1860; published Pharmacographia (with Professor Flückiger) 1874.
^ Sir James Hanbury (1782–1863), lieutenantgeneral; served with the 58th in Egypt, 1801; present at operations of Corunna, 1808-9; with the guards at Walcheren (1809) and in the Peninsular war; major-general, 1830; K.B.,1830; lieutenant-general, 1841.
^ John Hanbury (1664-17S4), politician; developed his estate and ironworks at Pontypopl; M.P., Gloucester, 1701-15, Monmouthshire, 1720-34; director of the New South Sea Company, 1721; one of Marlborough's executors, 1722.
^ William Hanbury (1725–1778), clergyman; B.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1748; rector of Church Langton, Leicestershire, 1753-78; M.A. St. Andrews, 1769; issued (1758) Essay on Planting, and a Scheme for making it conducive to the Glory of God and the advantage of Society; his scheme carried out by court of chancery, 186-1; published Complete Body of Planting and Gardening (1770-1).
^ Henry Fletcher Hance (1827–1886), botanist; vice-consul at Whampoa, 1861-78; consul at Canton, 1878-81 and 1883; acting consul at Amoy at his death; contributed papers on Chinese plants to Hooker's Journal of Botany and supplement to Beutham's Flora Hongkongensis
^ Ambrose Godfrey Hanckwitz (d. 1741). See Ambrose Godfrey .
^ Albany Hancock (1806–1873), zoologist; received the royal medal of Royal Society for paper on The Organisation of Brachiopoda 1857; F.L.S., 1862; collaborated with Joshua Alder inMonograph of British Nudipranchiate Mollusca 1845-55; with Dr. D. Embleton investigated structure of genera oeolis and dorit.
^ John Hancock (d. 1869), sculptor; exhibited at Royal Academy from 1843.
^ Robert Hancock (1730–1817), mezzotint engraver and draughtsman; engraver to Worcester porcelain works, 1757-74; executed small crayon portraits of Lamb, Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Southey.
^ Thomas Hancock (1783–1849), quaker physician; M.D. Edinburgh, 1809; practised in London and Liverpool; published (1825)Principles of Peace exemplified in conduct of Society of Friends in Ireland during the Rebellion of 1798 and treatises on epidemics; edited Discourses from Nicole's Essays by John Locke 1828.
^ Thomas Hancock (1786–1865), founder of the indiarubber trade in England; took out patent for applying indiarubber springs to articles of dress, 1820; first made vulcanised indiarubber, 1843; published 'Personal Narrative of the Origin and Progress of the Caoutchouc or Indiarubber Manufacture in England 1857.
^ Walter Hancock (1799–1852), engineer; brother of Thomas Hancock (1786-1865); invented steamengines for road traffic, 1824-36; described experiments in Narrative 1838; obtained patent for cutting indiarubber into sheets, and for a method of preparing solutions of indiarubber, 1843.
^ Thomas Hand (d. 1804), painter; friend and imitator of Morland; exhibited at Royal Academy.
^ Charles Handasyde (fl. 1760–1780), miniature painter,
^ George Frederick Handel , properly Georg Friedrich Haendel (1685–1759), musical composer; son of the town surgeon of Giebichenstein, Saxony; studied music under Zachau at Halle; presented to elector of Brandenburg at Berlin, c. 1696; went to Hamburg, 1703, and became conductor of the opera; fought a duel with Mattheson (first tenor); composed his first opera, Almira 1705; went to Italy, 1707; produced the operas Rodrigo at Florence and Agrippina at Venice, 1708; at Rome composed the oratorios II Trionfo del Tempo and La Resurrezione; visited Naples, 1708-9, composing songs and cantatas; went to Hanover and became kapellmeister, 1710; came to England, 1710; his opera Rinaldo produced with great success at the Queen's Theatre, Haymarket, 1711; returned to Hanover, but was again in England in 1712, where, breaking his pledge to the elector of Hanover (afterwards George I) to return to Hanover, he thenceforth remained; his operasPastor Ficlo and Teaeo and the Utrecht Te Deum and Jubilate performed before the death of Anne, the composer receiving for the last an annuity of 200., increased by George I after Handel's reconciliation with him, effected through Burlington and Kielmanusegge by means of the Watermusic 1715; as director for the Duke of Chandos at Canons (1718-20) composed twelve anthems, Esther (his tint English oratorio, performed 1720), and Acis and tea (performed 1720 or 1721); director of the Royal Academy of Music, 1720-8, composing thirteen operas, besides collaborating inAfuzio Scevolawith Buononcini, thenceforth his rival in popular favour; naturalised, 1726; appointed court composer; produced coronation anthems on the accession of George II, 1727; carried on (1729-35) a second operatic undertaking at the King's Theatre, Coveiit Garden, producing several new operas, and giving performances of Esther and Acis and Galatea 1732, and Deborah 1733: Athaliah first heard at Oxford, 1733; ousted from the King's Theatre i by his rivals, 1735; gave more operas, and repeated his I oratorios in Lent at Rich's new theatre, Covent GarI den, 1735-7, when he became bankrupt and partially ! paralysed; composed a fine anthem for the funeral of Queen Caroline, 1737, and two new operas, 1738, when his debts were paid by a benefit concert; his statue by Roubilliac set up at Vauxhall, 1738; his last operas given at Lincoln's Inn Fields, 1740-1, also setting of Dryden's shorter Ode on St. Cecilia's Day 1739; the first annual performance of Alexander's Feast for the Society of Musicians, with himself at the organ, given 1739; his 'SaulandIsrael in Egypt produced at the King's Theatre, 1739; his oratorio the Messiah (composed in twenty-three days) first heard at Dublin, 1741, in London, 1743 (Covent Garden), and in Germany (Hamburg), 1772; his Samson given at a subscription concert at Covent Garden, and the DettingenTe Deumat St. James's Palace, 1743; Joseph and his Brethren and Semele 1744 (Oovent Garden);HerculesandBelshazzar j (King's Theatre), 1744-6; Judas Maccabaeus 1747; I Alexander Balus and Joshua 1748 (Covent Garden); his oratorios Susanna and * Solomon produced, 1749; i his Music for the Fireworks performed at Vauxhall and ; the Green Park to celebrate the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, i 1749; his Theodora 1750, a failure; conducted a per! formance of the Messiah (with the organ presented by i himself) at the Foundling Hospital, 1750; his last oratorio, Jephthah produced at Covent Garden, 1752; his last composition,The Triumph of Time and Truth I 1757; buried in Westminster Abbey. His manuscript scores passed from John Christopher Smith to George III. He carried choral music to its highest point, but in instrumental did not advance beyond his contemporaries. His almost certain appropriation (notably in Israel in Egypt) of the work of others is in strong contradiction with his known character. A collection of his works, begun in Germany, 1856, with the help of the king of Hanover, was continued under the auspices of the Prussian government. Roubilliac executed his monument in Westminster Abbey and three busts.
^ Robert de Handlo (fl. 1326), writer on music ; author of Regulae (printed by Coussemaker.
^ William Handyside (1793–1850), engineer; employed by the Russian government.
^ George Hanger, fourth Baron Coleraine (1761?-1824), eccentric; educated at Eton and Gottingen; served during American war in Hessian Jager corps and in Tarleton's light dragoons; aide-de-camp to Sir Henry Clinton at Charlestown, 1779; his Life, Adventures, and Opinions issued by William Combe, 1801; suc ceeded his brother in peerage, 1814, but did not assume title; caricatured by Gillray and George Cruikshank; published Lives and Adventures... of Eminent Gamesters 1804, and military pamphlets.
^ Sir William Hankeford (d. 1422), judge; king's serjeant, 1390; justice of common pleas, 1398; K.B., 1399; chief-justice of king's bench, 1413-22.
^ Thomson Hankey (1805–1893), politician; senior partner in his father's West Indian mercantile firm; elected a director of Bank of England, 1835; governor, 1851-2; liberal M.P. for Peterborough, 1853-68, and 18741 880; published works on questions of political economy.
^ Edward Hankin (1747–1835), author ; rector of West Chiltington, Sussex; published pamphlets on clerical grievances and political subjects.
^ Thomas Edwards Hankinson (1805–1843), poet; M.A. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1831; incumbent of St. Matthew's Chapel, Denmark Hill; won Seatouian prize at Cambridge nine times; his Poems collected, 1844.
^ John Hanmer (1574–1629), bishop of St. Asaph; matriculated at Oriel College, Oxford, 1592; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1596; M.A., 1600; D.D., 1616; chaplain to James I; prebendary of Worcester, 1614; bishop of St. Asaph, 1624-9.
^ John Hanmer (1642-1707), nonconformist minister; son of Jonathan Hanmer; graduated at St. John's College, Cambridge, 1662; pastor at Barnstaple, 1692-1708.
^ Sir John Hanmer, Baron Hanmer (1809–1881), poet; succeeded as third baronet, 1828: educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford: whig M.P. for Shrewsbury, 1832-7, Hull, 1841-7, and Flint, 1847-77; created a peer. 1872; published Fra Cipolla and other poems 1839, Sonnets 1840, and Memorials of Family and Parish of Hanmer 1877.
^ Jonathan Hanmer (1606–1687), divine; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1631; ejected from vicarage of Bishop's Tawton and lectureship of Barnstaple, 1662, where he founded, with Oliver Peard, the first nonconformist congregation; published An Exercitation upon Confirmation 1657; and A View of Antiquity 1677.
^ Meredith Hanmer (1543–1604), historian; chaplain of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1567; M.A., 1572: D.D., 1582; vicar of St. Leonard's, Shoreditch, 1581-92; vicar of Islington, 1583-90; accused of celebrating an illegal marriage; went to Ireland, becoming archdeacon of Ross (1591), treasurer of Waterford (1593), vicar choral and prebendary of Christ Church, Dublin (1594-5), chancellor of Kilkenny (1603); published a translation of the histories of Eusebius, Socrates, and Evagrius, 1577; his Chronicle of Ireland printed by Sir James Ware, 1633.
^ Sir Thomas Hanmer , fourth baronet (1677-1746), speaker; of Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; succeeded his uncle as baronet, 1701; tory M.P. for Thetford, 1701 and 1705-8, Flintshire, 1702-5, and Suffolk, 1708-27; chairman of the committee which made the representation of 1712; received in great state by Louis XIV at Paris, 1712; refused office from Harley and procured rejection of two articles of the commercial treaty, of 1713; speaker, 1714-15: chief of the Hanoverian tories; while in retirement, prepared sumptuous, but not critically very valuable, edition of Shakespeare, 1743-4: alluded to in the Dunciad as Montalto.
^ James Hann (1799–1856), mathematician; calculator in Nautical Almanack office; mathematical master, at King's College School, London, till death; published works on mechanics and pure mathematics, including i Principles and Practice of the Machinery of Locomotive Engines 1850, and, with Olinthus Gilbert Gregory, Tables for the Use of Nautical Men 1841.
^ Samuel Hanna (1772–1852), presbyterian divine; M.A. Glasgow, 1789; D.D., 1818; minister of Rosemary Street, Belfast, 1799; professor of divinity, Belfast Presbyterian College, 1817; first moderator of general assembly, 1840.
^ William Hanna (1808–1882), theological writer; son of Samuel Hanna; colleague of Thomas Guthrie at Edinburgh, 1850-66; LL.D. Glasgow, 1852; D.D. Edinburgh, 1864; son-in-law of Chalmers, whose life he issued in 1849-52, afterwards editing his posthumous works; edited also Essays by Ministers of the Free Church of Scotland 1858, and Letters of Thomas Erskine of Linlathen 1877.
^ John Hannah , the elder (1792–1867), Wesleyan minister; delegate to United States of Wesleyan conference, 1824 and 1856; secretary to conference, 1840-2, and 1854-8, president, 1842 and 1851; tutor of Didsbury, 1843-1867; published works, including a defence of infant baptism, 1866.
^ John Hannah , the younger (1818–1888), archdeacon of Lewes; son of John Hannah the elder; scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1837; fellow of Lincoln, 1840; B.A., 1840; D.O.L., 1863; rector of the Edinburgh Academy, 1847-54: principal of Glenalmoud, 1854-70; Bampton lecturer, 1862; vicar of Brighton, 1870-87; archdeacon of Lewes, 1876-88; published, besides Bampton lectures, 1863,Courtly Poets from Raleigh to Montrose 1870.
^ Richard Hannam (d. 1666), robber; imprisoned for burglary; escaped from England, robbed the Danish treasury and the queen of Sweden; returned to England with money entrusted to him by Rotterdam broker merchants; broke prison at Paris and in London after being sentenced to death; hanged for murder at Smithfield.
^ William Hannan (d. 1775?), draughtsman and decorative painter.
^ James Hannay (1827–1873), author and journalist; dismissal the navy for insubordination. 1845; edited Edinburgh Evening Courant 1860-4: consul at Barcelona, 1868-73; publishal Singleton Fontenoy 18W, and Eustace Conyers 1865, naval novels; published Satire and Satirist 1854, and Studies on Thackeray 1869.
^ Patrick Hannay (d. 1629?), poet; master of chancery in Ireland, 1627; said to have died at sea; his 'Happy Husband* (1618-19) and Brathwait's Good Wife (1619) reissued with The Nightingale and other poems, 1622; facsimile of 1622 collection printed, 1875.
^ Adriaen Hanneman (1601?–1668?), portraitpainter; resided in England, c. 1625-40; returned to the Hague and became first director of the new guild of St. Luke, 1656: executed portraits of Charles II, the duke of Hamilton, Vaudyck, and William III and Mary.
^ Sir James Hannen, Baron Hannen (1821–1894), judge; educated at St. Paul's School and Heidelberg University; barrister, Middle Temple, 1848; bencher, 1878; joinel home circuit; junior counsel to treasury, 1863; judge of court of queen's bench, 1868; knightal, 1868; appointed serjeant-at-law, 1868; privy councillor, 1872; judge of courts of probate and divorce, 1872; president of probate, divorce, and admiralty division of high court, 1875-91; life baron and lord of appeal in ordinary, 1891; D.O.L. Oxford, 1888: president of Parnell commission, 1888; arbitrator in question of Behring Sea seal fisheries, 1892.
^ Sir Edward Hannes (d. 1710), physician ; of Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford: M.A., 1689; M.D. 1695; attended William, duke of Gloucester, 1700; physician to Queen Anne, 1702; knighted, 1706.
^ Thomas Hanney or de Hanneya (fl. 1313), author of Bodleian manuscript Memoriale Juniorum (a work on grammar).
^ Thomas Hannibal (d. 1531), master of the rolls: D.C.L. Oxford, 1513; LL.D. Cambridge; ambassador at Rome, 1522-4; master of the rolls, 1523-7; frequently employed as diplomatist.
^ James Hannington (1847–1885), bishop of Eastern equatorial Africa; M.A. St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 1875; D.D., 1884; curate in charge of St. George's, Hurstpierpoint, 1875-82; went out for the Church Missionary Society to Uganda, 1882; visited Palestine on way to Africa as bishop (1884-5); led expedition which reached Lake Victoria Nyanza, 1885; murdered by order of king of Uganda, 1885.
^ King of Hanover . See Ernest Augustus, 1771-1851.
^ Luke Hansard (1752–1828), printer; printed for the Dodsleys; printed House of Commons Journals from 1774.
^ Thomas Curson Hansard (1776–1833), printer; eldest son of Luke Hansard; began to print parliamentary debates in 1803; imprisonal for libel as Cobbett's printer, 1810: patented improved hand-press; published Typographic1825.
^ Morgan Joseph Hansbie (1673–1760), Dominican: rector at Louvain, 1717; provincial, 1721; prior of Bornhem and vicar-provincial of Belgium: vicarprovincial in England, 1738-42: vicar-general, 1747; an ardent Jacobite; published theological treatises.
^ Edward Halifax Hansell (1814–1884), biblical scholar; educated at Norwich and Oxford; fellow of Magdalen College Oxford, 1847-53; M.A., 1838; B.D., 1847; afterward* divinity lecturer; Grinfield lecturer, 1861-2: vicar of East Ilsley, 1865-84: editedNov. Test. Gnec.... Ace. CollatioCod. Sinaitici(1864).
^ Joseph Aloysius Hansom (1803 - 1882), architect and inventor; erected tin- Hirrninu'ham town hall, 1833; registered 4 Patent Safety Cab 1834, differing in many respects from present hansom: established The Builder 1842.
^ John Hanson (fl. 1604), poet; B.A. Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1604; author of Time is a Turn-coate, or England's Threefold Metamorphosis (1604).
^ John Hanson (fl. 1668?), author of The Sabbatarians confuted by the New Covenant 1668; of Pembroke College, Oxford.
^ Sir Levett Hanson (1764–1814), author; schoolfellow of Nelson and friend of Warren Hastings; of Trinity and Emmanuel Colleges, Cambridge; councillor to the Grand Duke of Holstein and knight of St. Philip, 1780; knight vice-chancellor of St. Joachim, 1800; lived in many European states; imprisoned in Austria, 1794; published account of European orders of knighthood, 1803, and poems, 1811; died at Copenhagen.
^ Sir Richard Davies Hanson (1805–1876), chief-justice of South Australia; edited the Globe in London: supported Edward Gibbon Wakefield's colonisation schemes: one of the founders of South Australia; accompanied Lord Durham to Canada, 1838: crown prosecutor in New Zealand, 1840-6; drafted constitution of South Australia, 1851-6: attorney-general, 1867-60: chief-justice of South Australia, 1861-74: knighted, 1869; sometime acting-governor; published works, including The Jesus of History 1869.
^ Jonas Hanway (1712 - 1786), traveller and philanthropist; as partner of a St. Petersburg merchant made journey (1743-5) down the Volga and by the Caspian to Persia with a caravan of woollen goods, and returned after perilous adventures by the same route, 1746: left Russia and lived in London after 1760; published an account of his travels, 1763, an essay attacking tea-drinking (severely criticised by Johnson and Goldsmith) and other works mostly connected with his philanthropic undertakings; appointed commissioner of victualling office, 1762, as reward for public services. He is best known as one of the chief founders of the Marine Society (1766) and the Magdalen charity (1758) the reformer of the Foundling Hospital and the pioneer of the umbrella; a monument was erected to him in Westminster Abbey, 1788.
^ George Harbin (fl. 1713), noujuror; B.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1686; chaplain to Bishop Turner of Ely and Viscount Weymouth; friend of Ken.
^ Edward Harbord, third Baron Suffield (1781-1835), philanthropist; M.P., Great Yarmouth, 18061812, Shaftesbury, 1820-1; succeeded as peer, 1821; carried reforms concerning prison discipline and game-laws: abolitionist.
^ William Harbord (1635?–1692), politician; secretary to Earl of Essex, 1672; took active part in attack on Danby in connection with popish plot; M.P., Thetford, 1679, Launceston, 1680 and 1681; volunteered in imperial army at Buda, 1686; accompanied William of Orange to England, 1688; privy councillor and paymaster-general, 1688-90: vice-treasurer of Ireland, 1690; sent as ambassador to Turkey to mediate between sultan and the emperor Leopold, 1691; died on his way at Belgrade.
^ William Harborne (d. 1617), first English ambassador in Turkey, 1582-8; concluded treaty for the establishment of Turkey company, 1579; account of his return journey (1588) printed in Hakluyt's Voyages; manuscript account of his proceedings in Turkey in British Museum.
^ Andrew Harclay, Harcla or Hartcla, Earl of Carlisle (d. 1323), sheriff of Cumberland, warden of the west marches and of Carlisle Castle; summoned as a baron to parliament, 1321; defeated and captured Earl Tlionn- of Lancaster at Borouirl" and executed him at Pontefract, 1322; created earl by Edward II, with patent specifying his services; executed at Carlisle for making compact with Bruce.
^ Charles Harcourt (1838–1880), actor; real name Charles Parker Hillier; first appeared at St. James's Theatre, 1863; lessee of Marylebone Theatre, 1S71-2; best exponent of Mercutio after Vining's death.
^ Edward Harcourt (1757–1847), archbishop of York; took name Harcourt on succession to family estates, 1831, being previously known as Vernon; educated at Westminster and Oxford; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1777; D.C.L., 1786: canon of Christ Church, 1785, and vicar of Sudbury: prebendary of ; Gloucester, 1785-91; bishop of Carlisle, 1791-1807; archbishop of York, 1807-47; privy councillor, 1808; member of Queen Charlotte's council; member of ecclesiastical commission, 1835.
^ Henry Harcourt (1612–1673), Jesuit; real name Beaumont; spiritual coadjutor, 1643: published England's Old Religion faithfully gathered out of the Church of England 1650.
^ John Harcourt alias Persall (1632–1702). See Persall.
^ Leveson Vernon Harcourt (1788–1860), chancellor of York; author of Doctrine of the Deluge 1838; son of Edward Harcourt.
^ Octavius Henry Cyril Vernon Harcourt (1793-1863), admiral; son of Edward Harcourt; saw active service in Egypt and at Toulon and Tarragona; captured martello tower and convoy at Piombo, 1814; surveyed coast of Central America, 1834-6: vice-admiral, 1861; built several churches and Masham almshouses.
^ Robert Harcourt (1574?–1631), traveller; gentleman-commoner, St. Alban Hall, Oxford, 1590; went to Guiana and took possession of land for the crown, 1609; obtained letters patent for colonisation of Guiana; his company incorporated with Roger North's, 1626; his Relation of a Voyage to Guiana(1613) reprinted in Purchas.
^ Sir Simon Harcourt (1603?–1642), soldier of fortune; son of Robert Harcourt; knighted, 1627; served Prince of Orange against Spaniards; commanded regiment against Scots, 1639-40; governor of Dublin, 1641; mortally wounded by rebels at Kilgobbin Castle.
^ Simon Harcourt (1684–1720), second son of Simon Harcourt, first viscount Harcourt; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1712; secretary to the society of Brothers; M.P.. Wallingford and Abingdon; wrote verses in preface to Pope's Works(1717); his epitaph composed by Pope.
^ Simon Harcourt, first Viscount Harcourt (1661?-1727), of Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire; B.A. Pembroke College, Oxford, 1678; D.C.L., 1702; barrister, Inner Temple, 1683; recorder of Abingdon, 1683; tory M.P. for Abingdon, 1690-1705, Bossiney, 1705-8, Cardigan, 1710; directed impeachment of Somers, 1701; as solicitorgeneral (1702-7) took part in prosecuting Defoe.(1703) and asserting jurisdiction of the Commons in election petitions, 1704; as commissioner for the union drafted Ratification Bill, 1707; attorney-general, 1707-8; ably defended Sacheverell, 1710; privy councillor, 1710; lord keeper, 1710; created Baron Harcourt. 1711; lord chancellor, 1713-14; obtained acquittal of Oxford and pardon of Bolingbroke;created viscount, 1721, re-admitted privy councillor, 1722: several times a lord justice; best speaker of his day; friend of Bolingbroke, Pope, and Swift.
^ Simon Harcourt, first Earl Harcourt (1714-1777), son of Simon Harcourt (1684-1720): educated at Westminster: attended George. II at Dettingen, 1743: created Viscount Harcourt of Nuneham-Courtney and Earl Harcourt of Stanton Harcourt, 1749; privy councillor. 1761; governor to Prince of Wales, 1761-2; envoy to Mecklenburg-Strelitz for the Prince of Wales's marriage with Princess Charlotte, 1761; ambassador at Paris, 1768 1772; viceroy of Ireland, 1772-7; recommended tax on absentees, and created numerous peers; drowned in attempt to extricate his dog from a well at Nunenam.
^ Thomas Harcourt (1618–1679), Jesuit; real name Whitbread: pn.ir-fl. 1652; on English mission thirty-two years; while provincial refused Titus Oates admission to the Jesuit order: was convicted of complicity in the popish plot on Oates's evidence, and was executed.
^ William Harcourt alias Waring (1610–1679). See Waring.
^ William Harcourt (1625–1679), Jesuit; real name Aylworth; missioner in England and Holland; died at Haarlem: manuscript account at Brussels of his escape during popish plot
^ William Harcourt, third Earl Harcourt (1743-1830), fleld-marshal; son of Simon Harcourt, first earl; succeeded his brother in peerage, 1809; aide-decamp to Lord Albemarle at Havannah, 1762; M.P., Oxford, 1768-74: commanded 16th light dragoons in America, and captured General Charles Lee, 1776; lieutenant-general, 1793; commanded cavalry in Flanders under Duke of York, 1793-4, whom he succeeded in chief command; general, 1796; field-marshal and Q.C.B. at coronation of George IV.
^ William Vernon Harcourt (1789–1871), general secretary to first meeting of British Association (York, 1831); son of Edward Harcourt; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1814; student of Christ Church; canon of York, 1824; rector of Wheldrake and Bolton Percy; F.R.S., 1824; carried on chemical experiments with Davy and Wollaston; president of British Association at Birmingham, 1839.
^ Thomas Hardcastle (d. 1678?), ejected minister; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1656; ejected from Bramley, Yorkshire, 1662; frequently imprisoned for nonconformity; baptist minister at Broad mead, Bristol, 1670-8.
^ Geoffrey Hardeby (fl. 1360?), Austin friar; provincial of his order: confessor (and perhaps councillor) to Richard II; wrote treatise in answer to Archbishop Fitzralph's attack upon evangelical poverty
^ Hardecanute, Hardacnut or Harthacnut (1019?–1042), king; younger son of Canute or Cnut and Emma; succeeded his father on throne of Denmark, 1035; chosen king of Wessex in absence, 1037; concerted measures for invasion of England at Bruges with Emma, 1039; chosen king of England on death of Harold, his reputed half-brother, 1040; disinterred and insulted the body of King Harold; levied heavy danegelds, 1041; invited his half-brother Edward (the Confessor) to court, 1041; died suddenly at a bridal feast.
^ John Hardham (d. 1772), tobacconist; employed by Garrick at Drury Lane; at his shop in Fleet Street sold the celebrated 37 snuff, which Reynolds used to take; left money to pay poor rates at his native place, Chicbester.
^ James Hardiman (1790?–1855), Irish writer; sub-commissioner of the records at Dublin, afterwards librarian of Queen's College, Galway; published works, including History of County and Town of Galway 1820, and Irish Minstrelsy... with English Poetical Translations 1831.
^ Simon Hardime (1672–1737), flower-painter, of Antwerp; lived in London, 1720-37.
^ Harding or St. Stephen (d. 1134), abbot of Citeaux; born and educated at Sherborne; visited Scotland, Paris, and Rome; received tonsure at Moleme in Burgundy; left it in order to observe a stricter rule; founded with Robert, abbot of Moleme, house at Citeaux, from which the Cistercian order derived its name; abbot, 1110-33; founded thirteen other abbeys (including Clairvaux, 1115, of which he made Bernard abbot) under the severe Cistercian rule; by his charter of charity (confirmed by Calixtus II, 1119) exempt from episcopal visitation; his constitutions approved at council of Treves (1127), and the white habit adopted; canonised; Cistercian houses exempted from episcopal jurisdiction and payment of tithe hy Innocent II, 1132.
^ Anne Raikes Harding (1780-1858), novelist and miscellaneous writer.
^ Edward Harding (1755–1840), librarian to Queen Charlotte, 1803-18, and to the Duke of Cumberland, 18181840; brother of Silvester Harding.
'^ George Perfect Harding (d. 1853), portrait painter and copyist; son of Silvester Harding; made water-colour copies of old portraits; exhibited at Royal Academy; helped to establish Granger Society, 1840; published portrait*, of deans of Westminster ( 181823), and supplied plates to J. H. Jeme (1840) and other writers.
^ James Duffield Harding (1798–1863), landscape-painter and lithographer; exhibited with Watercolour Society from 1818 (member, 1821): unsuccessfully tried oil-painting; abandoned exclusive UK of transparent colours. He brought lithography to perfection, invented lithotint, and introduced tinted paper for sketches: published Principles and Practice of Art and other manual*; 'Picturesque Selections(1861) his first achievement in lithography.
^ John Harding (1378–1466?). See Hardyng.
^ John Harding (1805–1874), bishop of Bombay; of Westminster and Worcester College, Oxford; B.A., 1826; D.D., 1861; rector of St. Andrew's and St. Anne's, Blackfriars, 1836-51; bishop of Bombay, 1851-69; secretary of Pastoral Aid Society.
^ Samuel Harding (fl. 1641), dramatist: B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1638; his tragedy, Sicily and Naples, issued 1640.
^ Silvester Harding (1746–1809), artist and publisher; established with his brother, Edward Harding, a book- and print-shop, 1786, and issued works illustrated by himself, including The Biographical Mirrour 1796.
^ Thomas Harding (1516–1572), divine; educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford; fellow of New College, 1536; M.A., 1542; Hebrew professor and chaplain to Henry Grey, marquis of Dorchester (afterwards Duke of Suffolk); named warden of New College by Edward VI; abandoned protestantism and became chaplain to Gardiner and (1556) treasurer of Salisbury; in reign of Elizabeth retired to Lou vain; carried on a long controversy with John Jewel, 1564-8; died at Louvain.
^ Thomas Harding (d. 1648), historian; B.D. Oxford; second master of Westminster, 1610; rector of Souldera, 1622-48; bis history of England to 1626 recommended for publication by parliament, 1641, but never issued.
^ William Harding (1792–1886), author of 'History of Tiverton 1847: served in the Peninsular campaign from 1812: retired as lieutenant-colonel, 1841.
^ Sir Arthur Edward Hardinge (1828–1892), general; second son of Sir Henry Hardinge, first viscount Hardinge: educated at Eton; ensign, 1844; served in first Sikh war; lieutenant, 1845: lieutenant and captain, 1849; served in Crimea on quartermaster-general's staff, 1854-6: lieutenant-colonel, 1855; C.B.,1857; brevet colonel, 1858; equerry successively to Prince Albert and Queen Victoria; major-general, 1871: general, 1883; commanded Bombay army, 1881-5; governor of Gibraltar, 1886-90; K.C.B. and C.I.E., 1886.
^ Charles Stewart Hardinge, second Viscount Hardinge (1822-1894), son of Sir Henry Hardinge, first viscount Hardinge; educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1844; private secretary to his father in India from 1844: conservative M.P. for Downpatrick, 1851-6; under-secretary for war, 1858-9; trustee of National Portrait Gallery, 1868-94, and chairman of board from 1876.
^ George Hardinge (1743–1816), author; the Jefferies Hardsman of Byron's Don Juan; son of Nicholas Hardinge; of Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A. by royal mandate, 1769; barrister, Middle Temple, 1769; solicitor-general (1782) and attorney-general to Queen Charlotte, 1794: senior justice of Brecon, Glamorgan, and Radnor, 1787-1816; counsel for East India Company against Fox's India Bill, 1783; tory M.P. for Old Sarum, 1784-1807; friend of Horace Waipole: F.S.A., 1769; P.R.S., 1788; published Letters to Rt. Hon. E. Burke an impeachment of Hastings, 1791, Essence of Malone 1800 and 1801, and Rowley and Chatterton in tbe Shades 1782. His Miscellaneous Works edited, 1818.
^ George Nicholas Hardinge (1781–1808), captain in the navy; nephew and adopted son of George Hardinge; received post-rank for cutting out the Dutch Atalante in the Roads, Texel, 1804; took part in capture of the Cape; killed at capture of French cruiser Piedmontaise off Ceylon; voted public monument in St. Paul's Cathedral.
^ Sir Henry Hardinge, first Viscount Hardinge of Lahore (1785-1856), field-marshal; brother of George Nicholas Hardinge; deputy assistant quartermaster-general of force under Brent Spencer, which joined Wellesley and fought at Rolica and Vimeira; with Moore in last moments at Coruna, 1809; deputy quartermaster-general of Portuguese army; urged final advance of Sir Galbraith Lowry Cole at Albuera, 1811; wounded at Vittoria, 1813; commanded Portuguese brigade at storming of Palais, 1814; K.C.B., 1815; watched Napoleon's movements for Wellington on escape from Elba, 1815; British commissioner with Blücher at battle of Quatre Bras; commissioner with Prussians in France till 1818; tory M.P. for Durham, 1820-30, Newport (Cornwall), 1830-4, Launceston, 1834-44; secretary at war, 1828-30 and 18411844; Irish secretary, 1830 and 1834-5; lieutenant-general, 1841; G.C.B., 1844; governor-general of India, 1844-7; served as second in command to Sir Hugh Gough in first Sikh war, 1845; created a peer, with pension for three lives, 1846; annulled Bentinck's order abolishing corporal punishment in native regiments; endeavoured to abolish suttee in native states; originated carrying of soldiers kits at public expense. Though not a general till 1854, he was commander-in-chief, 1852-5; field-marshal, 1855.
^ Nicholas Hardinge (1699–1758), clerk to the House of Commons; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; fellow; M.A., 1726; clerk to House of Commons, 1731-52; M.P., Eye, 1748-58; joint secretary to the treasury, 1752; his Poems, Latin, Greek, and English published, 1818.
^ Edward Townley Hardman (1845–1887), geologist; accompanied Hon. J. Forrest's expedition to report on mineral resources of Kimberley, West Australia, and discovered goldfield near the Napier Range, 1883-5; a range of Australian mountains named after him.
^ Frederick Hardman (1814–1874), novelist and journalist; joined British legion in Spain, 1834; foreign correspondent of the Times at Madrid, Constantinople, in the Crimea and Danubian provinces, Italy, France, and Paris; published stories, contributed to Black wood; died at Paris.
^ Sir Thomas Hardres (1610–1681), serjeant-atlaw; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1669; king's serjeant, 1675; M.P., Canterbury, 1679-81; knighted; hisReports of Oases in the Exchequer, 1655-70issued, 1693.
^ Charles Hardwick (1821–1859), archdeacon of Ely; fellow of St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge, 1845; M.A., 1847; professor of divinity, Queen's College, Birmingham, 1853; divinity lecturer at King's College, Cambridge, 1855; archdeacon of Ely, 1857; edited catalogue of Cambridge University MSS. (vols. i-iii. 1856-8) and works for Percy Society and Rolls Series: published also history of the Articles of Religion (1851) and of the Christian Church (ed. Stubbs, 1872); killed by falling over a precipice in the Pyrenees.
^ Charles Hardwick (1817–1889), antiquary; published works, including History... of Friendly Societies 1859 and 1869, Traditions, Superstitions, and Folk-Lore 1872, and On Some Antient Battlefields in Lancashire 1882.
^ John Hardwick (1791–1875), magistrate at Lambeth (1821) and Marlborough Street, 1841-66; eldest son of Thomas Hardwick; fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, 1808-22; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1816; D.C.L., 1830.
^ Philip Hardwick (1792–1870), architect: youngest son of Thouias Hardwick; exhibited drawings at Academy, including his buildings at St. Katharine's Docks and Eustou Railway station, and designs for Lincoln's Inn; F.S.A., 1824; F.R.S., 1831; R.A., 1841; vice-president of Institute of British Architects, 1839 and 1841; treasurer of Royal Academy, 1850-C1.
^ Thomas Hardwick (1752–1829), architect: pupil and biographer of Sir W. Chambers; exhibited at Academy, 1772-1805; designed Galway Gaol, Marylebone Church, and other London buildings: F.S.A., 1781; advised J. M. W. Turner to abandon architecture.
^ Earls of Hardwicke . See YORKK, PHILIP, first Earl 1690–1764: YORKE, PHILIP, second EARL, 1720–1790; YORKE, PHILIP, third EARL, 1757-1834; YORKE, CHARLES PHILIP, fourth EARL, 1799-1873.
^ Sir Charles Hardy, the elder (1680?–1744), vice-admiral; entered navy as volunteer, 1695; served under Norris and Wager in the Baltic and at Gibraltar: commanded royal yacht Carolina, 1730-42; knighted, 1742; vice-admiral and a lord of the admiralty, 1743.
^ Sir Charles Hardy, the younger (1716?–1780), admiral; son of Sir Charles Hardy the elder; entered navy as volunteer, 1731; tried for loss of convoy to Newfoundland, 1744, but acquitted, 1745; governor of New York, 1755-7; knighted, 1755: rear-admiral, 1756; second in command under Hawke at Brest and Quiberon Bay, 1759; admiral, 1770; governor of Greenwich, 1771; M.P., Portsmouth, 1774; commander, Channel fleet, 1779.
^ Elizabeth Hardy (1794–1854), novelist (anonymous); died in Queen's Bench Prison.
^ Francis Hardy (1751–1812), biographer ; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1771; barrister, 1777; M.P., Mullingar, in Irish parliament, 1782-1800; commissioner of appeals, 1806; friend of Grattan; published Memoirs ... of James Caulfield, Earl of Charlemout 1810.
^ John Stockdale Hardy (1793–1849), antiquary and ecclesiastical lawyer; F.S.A., 1826; his Literary Remains published by John Gough Nichols, 1852.
^ Lady Mary Anne Hardy (1825?–1891), novelist and traveller; daughter of Charles MacDowell; married Sir Thomas Duffus Hardy; travelled in America and other countries; published novels and books of travel.
^ Nathaniel Hardy (1618–1670), dean of Rochester; B.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1635; M.A. Hart Hall t Oxford, 1638; D.D., 1660; rector of St. Dionis Backchurch, Fenchurch Street, 1660; dean of Rochester, 1660; vicar of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, 1661; archdeacon of Lewes, 1667; active in restoring churches; his lectures on 1st Epistle of St. John (1656 and 1669) republished, 1865.
^ Samuel Hardy (1636–1691), nonconformist minister; B.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1659; minister of peculiars at Oharminster, 1660-7, and Poole, 1667-82; i ejected by royal commission for nonconformity, 1682; Guide to Heaven attributed to him by Oalamy.
^ Sir Thomas Hardy (1666–1732), vice-admiral : cousin of Sir Charles Hardy the elder; first lieutenant under George Churchill at Barfleur; ! knighted for services under Rooke at Vigo, 1702; present at Malaga, 1704; commander at the Nore, 1711; M.P., Weymouth, 1711; captured convoy in North Sea, 1712; I second in command under Norris in Baltic, 1715; said to have been dismissed for Jacobitism, but reinstated; vice admiral; buried in Westminster Abbey.
^ Thomas Hardy or Hardie (1748–1798), Scottish divine; published Principles of Moderation (1782), advocating repeal of Queen Anne's acts (1712) and substitution of parochial committee for single patron: colleague of Hugh Blair in high church, Edinburgh, 1783-6; minister of New North Church (now west St. Giles), 1786, and professor of church history at Edinburgh; moderator, 1793; dean of Chapel Royal, 1794.
^ Thomas Hardy 1752-1832), radical politician and bootmaker; founded London Corresponding Societyto promote parliamentary reform, 1792: with high treason with Home Tooke and others, but defended by Erskine, and acquitted, 1794; pensioned by Sir Francis Burdett; autobiographical memoir issued posthumously, 1832.
^ Sir Thomas Duffus Hardy (1804–1878), archivist; trained under Petrie; edited Modus tenendi Parliamentum 1846; as deputy-keeper of Record Office from 1861 to 1876 edited documents for Rolls Series; member of Historical MSS. Commission, 1869; knighted, 1873; D.C.L. and LL.D.
^ Sir Thomas Masterman Hardy, first baronet (1769-1839), vice-admiral; lieutenant in the Minerva at her capture of the Sabina, defending which prize he was made prisoner, 1796; exchanged in time to be present at St. Vincent, 1797; at Santa Cruz directed cutting out of the Mutine, which he commanded at the Nile, 1798; flag captain of Nelson in the Vanguard and Foudroyant, 1799, in the San Josef and the St. George, 1801, in the Amphion and the Victory, 1803-5: created baronet, 1806; commodore and commander on South American station, 1819-24: first sea lord at admiralty, 1830: G.C.B., 1831; governor of Greenwich Hospital, 1834; vice-admiral, 1837.
^ Sir William Hardy (1807–1887), archivist; brother of Sir Thomas Duffus Hardy q. v.; keeper of duchy of Lancaster records, 1830-68; deputy-keeper of public records, 1878-86; on Historical MSS. Commission, 1878; knighted, 1883; calendared Lancaster records; edited Charters of Duchy of Lancaster 1845, and Jehan de Waurin's Recueil des Croniques (Rolls Series).
^ Lucius Ferdinand Hardyman (1771–1834), rear-admiral; midshipman at Dominica, 1782; first lieutenant of the Si by lie at her capture of the Forte, 1799; commanded the Unicorn at Monte Video, 1807, and at the Basque Roads, 1809; C.B., 1815; rear-admiral, 1830.
^ John Hardyng (1378–1465?), chronicler; in the service first of Hotspur (Sir Henry Percy), afterwards of Sir Robert Umfreville; present at battle of Homildon, 1402, and of Agincourt, 1415; constable of Kyme Castle, Lincolnshire; received grants of land for documents which he pretended to have procured in Scotland containing admissions of the feudal subordination of Scottish kings to English crown. His chronicle in its original form (Lancastrian) ended 1436; the version (Yorkist) presented to Edward IV reached 1461. Grafton printed two versions varying from these original forms and eacli other, 1543.
^ Augustus William Hare (1792–1834), divine; son of Francis Hare-Naylor; adopted by his aunt, widow of Sir William Jones, 1797; of Winchester and New College, Oxford; tutor of New College, 1818; incumbent of Alton-Barnes, 1829-34; joint author of Guesses at Truth 1827; died at Rome.
^ Francis Hare (1671–1740), bishop of Chichester; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge, where he was tutor of (Sir) Robert Walpole; M.A., 1696; D.D., 1708; chaplain-general in Flanders, 1704; a royal chaplain; defended Marlborough and answered Swift's Conduct of the Allies 1711; fellow of Eton, 1712; rector of Barnes, 1713-23; dean of Worcester, 1715-26; took part against Hoadly in Bangorian controversy, c. 1718; dean of St. Paul's, 1726-40; bishop of St. Asaph, 1727-31; bishop of Chichester, 1731-40; his preaching complimented in the Dunciad (iii. 204); rival of Bentley in Latin scholarship; patron of Warburton and Markland; his Hebrew edition of Psalms attacked by Lowth, 1736; his Difficulties and Discouragements... in the way of Private Judgement (1714) censured by convocation, but often reprinted; published edition of Terence, forestalling Bentley, 1724.
^ Henry Hare, second Baron Coleraine (1636-1708), antiquary; succeeded his father, Hugh Hare, first Baron Coleraine, 1667; built vestry and family vault at Tottenham, of which he left manuscript account.
^ Henry Hare, third Baron Coleraine(1693–1749), antiquary: grandson of Henry Hare, second baron Coleraine; of Corpus Christi College, Oxford; F.S.A., 1725 (frequently vlce-pres.., 1730; member of Spaldiug Society: patron of Vertue; M.P., Boston, 1730-4; visited luly wltfi Conyers Middlcton, collecting prints and drawings of antiquities.
^ Hugh Hare, first Baron Coleraine in Irish peerage (1606?-1667), eccentric royalist; created Irish peer, 1625; supplied Charles I with money in the civil war, during which he lost 40,0007.: declined an English peerage: his translation of Loredano's paraphrases onThe Fifteen Psalms of Decreesissued 1681, and The Situation of Paradise found out (spiritual romance) 1683.
^ Hugh Hare (1668–1707), translator; son of Henry Hare, second baron Coleraine: took part in translation of Luciau (published 1710) and rendered from Italian Mascardi account of the conspiracy of Count de Fieschi against Genoa, 1693.
^ James Hare (1749–1804), wit and friend of Charles James Fox; educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford; M.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1791; M.P., Stockbridge, 1772-4, Knaresborough, 1781-1804; ambassador at Warsaw, 1779-82; ruined by losses at cards.
^ Julius Charles Hare (1795–1855), archdeacon of Lewes: son of Francis Hare-Naylor; educated at Charterhouse and Trinity College, Cambridge; intimate with Whewell and Kenelm Digby: fellow of Trinity College, 1818; classical lecturer, 1822: incumbent of Hurstmonceaux, 1832, where John Sterling was his curate and Bunsen his neighbour; joint author of 'Guesses at Truth 1827; published translations (with notes) of Niebuhr's History of Rome (with Thirlwall), 1828-32, and other German works, also The Victory of Faith 1840, The Mission of the Comforter 1846, vindications of Niebuhr, Luther, and others, and Miscellaneous Pamphlets on Church Questions 1855; edited Philological Museum 1833.
^ Sir Nicholas Hare (d. 1557), judge; educated at Gonville Hall, Cambridge; autumn reader of Inner Temple, 1532; M.P., Downton, 1529, Norfolk, 1539-40, Lancaster, 1544-5; defended Wolsey, 1530; recorder of Norwich, 1536; knighted, 1537; master of requests, 1537 (again, 1552); when speaker imprisoned for advising Sir John Skelton bow to evade Statute of Uses in bis will, 1540; chief-justice of Chester and Flint, 1540-5; instrumental in passing Treason Act of 1551-2; master of the rolls, 1 553; commissioner during vacancy of great seal, 1555.
^ Robert Hare (d. 1611), antiquary; son of Sir Nicholas Hare; clerk of the pells, 1560-71: M.P., Dunwich, 1563; presented manuscripts and books to Caius College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and to the universities collections relating to their history and privileges,
^ Thomas Hare (1806–1891), political reformer; barrister, Inner Temple, 1833; bencher, 1872; reported in Vice-chancellor Wigram's court from 1841; inspector of charities, 1853, and assistant-commissioner, with seat on board, 1872; published works relating to a scheme to secure proportional representation in electoral assemblies of all classes in the kingdom, and other political questions.
^ William Hare (fl. 1829), criminal; accomplice of the murderer William Burke (1792-1829); indicted for the murder of James Wilson, one of the victims; t at liberty, 1829, from the Tolbootb, the law officers having decided that be could not legally be put on his trial.
^ Francis Hare-Naylor (1753–1816), author; grandson of Francis Hare; intimate with Fox and the Duchess of Devonshire, who gave him an annuity to enable him to marry her cousin: lived many years at Bologna in friendly intercourse with Clotilda Tambroni (female professor) and Mezzofanti, and afterwards at Weimar; published works, including History of Germany from the landing of Gustavus to Treaty of Westphalia issued 1816; died at Tours.
^ Harewood, second Earl of (1767–1841). See Henry Lascelles.
^ Henry Harflete (.rf. 1653), author ; member of Gray's Inn, 1630; published The Hunting of the Fox, or Flattery Displayed H532, Vox Coelorum (a defence of William Lilly), "and A Banquet of Esaayes, fetcht out of Famous Owens Confectionary 1653.
^ John Scandrett Harford (1785–1866), biographer; educated at Christ's College, Cambridge; one of the founders of Lampeter College; D.C.L. Oxford, 1822; F.R.S., 1823: the Coelebs of Hannah More, of whom he published reminiscences in Recollections of V. Wilberforce during nearly thirty years 1864; published also lives of Michael Angelo (1857, 2 vols.) and of Bishop Burgess, 1840.
^ Sir William Hargood (1762–1839), admiral; served under Sir Peter Parker (1721-1811) in attack on Sullivan's island, 1776; captured by Spaniards at Pensacola, 1781; with Rodney at Dominica, 1782; captain, 1790; captured by the Concorde, 1792; commanded the Belleisle under Nelson at Toulon and Trafalgar, 1804-6; vice-admiral, 1814; admiral and G.C.B., 1831; corresponded with William IV.
^ Francis Hargrave (1741?–1821), legal antiquary; treasurer of Lincoln's Inn; prominent in the Sommersett habeas corpus case, 1772; recorder of Liverpool, 1797; edited State Trials (Henry IV to 19 George III), 1776, Hale's Jurisdiction of the Lords House 1796, and (with Charles Butler) Coke upon Lyttleton 1775; published also Collection of Tracts relative to the Law of England 1787, Collectanea Juridica 1791-2, and other works.
^ Edward Hammond Hargraves (1816–1891), pioneer of gold-mining in Australia; sheep-farmer in Sydney, 1834-49; began gold-mining at Lewis Ponds Creek, near Bathurst, 1851; temporary commissioner of crown lands, 1851; published Australia and its Goldfields 1855.
^ Charles James Hargreave (1820–1866), lawyer and mathematician; LL.D. London; hon. LL.D. Dublin, 1852; barrister, Inner Temple, 1844; bencher, 1851; reader, 1866; professor of jurisprudence at University College, London, 1843-9; F.R.S., 1844; commissioner of incumbered estates, 1849-58; judge of landed estate court, 1858-66; drew Record of Title Bill; gold medallist, Royal Society, for paper On the Solution of Linear Differential Equations; wrote other important mathematical essays.
^ James Hargreaves (d. 1778), inventor of the spinning-jenny; employed by Robert Peel (grandfather of the statesman) to construct improved carding-machine, e. 1760; supposed to have invented spinning-jenny, c. 1764 (patented, 1770); his house and machinery destroyed by mob, 1768; appropriated Arkwright's improved carding-machine,
^ James Hargreaves (1768–1845), baptist minister; at Bolton, Ogden (1798-1822), Wild Street, London, and Waltham Abbey Cross (1828-45); secretary to Peace Society; published Life and Memoir of the Rev. John Hirst of Bacup 1816, and Essays and Letters on important Theological Subjects 1833.
^ Thomas Hargreaves (1775–1846), miniaturepainter; apprenticed to Sir Thomas Lawrence; original member of Society of British Artists; executed miniatures of Mr. Gladstone and his sister as children, of Mrs. Gladstone, and Sir Thomas Lawrence.
^ Ely Hargrove (1741–1818), author of 'History of... Knaresborough 1769, Anecdotes of Archery with life of Robin Hood, 1792, and Yorkshire Gazetteer 1806.
^ William Hargrove (1788–1862), topographer and journalist; son of Ely Hargrove; thirty-five years editor of the York Herald; sheriff of York, 1831; published History and Description of the ancient city of York 1818, and New Guide to York 1842, and other works.
^ Sir Edward Harington (1763?–1807), author; son of Henry Harington (1727-1816); knighted as mayor of Bath, 1795; published Excursion from Paris to Fontainebleau 1786, A Schizzo on the Genius of Man J793, and other works.
^ Edward Charles Harington (1804–1881); chancellor and sub-dean of Exeter; grandson of Sir Edward Harington; M.A. Worcester College, Oxford, 1833; chancellor of Exeter, 1847, and canon residentiary, 1856; gav money for repair of Exeter Cathedral; left bequest* to th chapter; published theological works.,
^ Henry Harington (1755–1791), compiler of Nugae Antiqtue(family papers belonging to his father, Henry Harington, 1727-1816 ); M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1777; D.D., 1788; minor canon of Norwich; second enlarged edition of his Nugae Antiquae 1779.
^ Henry Harington (1727–1816), musician and author; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1752; M.D., 1762; physician at Wells and Bath; mayor of Bath; founded Bath Harmonic Society; published collections of songs, glees, trios, and duets, and separate compositions. His other works include Geometrical Analogy of the Doctrine of the Trinity 1806.
^ John Harington (fl. 1550), treasurer to Henry VIII's camps and buildings; married the king's natural daughter, Etheldreda, 1546, and inherited monastic forfeitures in Somerset; imprisoned in the Tower with his second wife, in company with Princess Elizabeth, 1554.
^ Sir John Harington (1561–1612), wit and author; son of John Harington (fl. 1550); godson of Queen Elizabeth; educated at Eton and Christ's College, Cambridge; studied at Lincoln's Inn; compelled by Queen Elizabeth to translate Orlando Furioso (issued, 1591, with preface, An Apologie of Poetrie); as high sheriff of Somerset, 1592, entertained Elizabeth at Eelstou; forMetamorphosis of Ajaxand other satires, 1596, banished from court; accompanied Essex to Ireland, 1698; knighted by Essex, 1598; deputed by Essex to appease the queen's anger against him, but sent out of her presence; wrote and handed to the queen a journal of the proceedings of Essex; wrote an account of Elizabeth's last days, and a Tract on the Succession to the Crown in the interest of James VI (printed, 1880); offered to go to Ireland as chancellor and archbishop, 1605; for instruction of Henry, prince of Wales, wrote appendix to Godwin'sDe Pnesulibus AngliaeBriefe View of Church of England in Q. Elizabeth's and K. James his Reigne 1653); his collected Epigrams issued, 1618; letters and miscellaneous writings in Nugae Antiquae (first published, 1769).
^ John Harington, first Baron Harington of Exton (d. 1613), cousin of Sir John Harington; created a peer at coronation of James 1, 1603; guardian of Princess Elizabeth at Combe Abbey; prevented her abduction by gunpowder plotters, 1605; escorted her to Germany on her marriage to the elector palatine, 1613; died at Worms on return journey: given (1613) three years patent for coining brass-farthings (Haringtons).
^ John Harington, second Baron Harington of Exton (1592–1614), son of John Harington, first baron ; friend and correspondent of Henry, prince of Wales; benefactor of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; funeral ode on him written by Donne.
^ John Herbert Harington (d. 1828), orientalist; chief judge of the Sudder Dewanuy and Nizamut Adawlut, 1811: governor-general's agent at Delhi, 1823; member of supreme council and president of board of trade, 1825; editedPersian and Arabic Works of Sa'dee 1791-6.
^ Thomas Hariot (1560–1621 ). See Harriott.
^ Henry Harkeley (fl. 1316), chancellor of Oxford University, 1313-16; author of theological works.
^ Robert Harkness (1816–1878), geologist : educated at Dumfries and Edinburgh University; professor of geology, Queen's College, Cork, 1863-78: F.R.S.E., 1864: F.R.S., 1856; wrote papers on geology of south-western Scotland and English Lake district.
^ John Harland (1806–1868), reporter and antiquary; introduced improvements in stenography; edited works for Chetham Society; published Lancashire Lyrics, Lancashire Ballads and Lancashire Folk-lore.
^ Sir Robert Harland, baronet (1715?–1784), admiral; prominent in capture of Magnunime, 1748; second in command under Keppel at Ushant, 1778; a lord of the admiralty, 1782-3; admiral, 1782.
^ Lady Brilliana Harley (1600?–1643), letter writer; daughter of Edward, afterwards viscount, Conway; third wife of Sir Robert Harley, 1623; died while besieged at Brampton Bryan Castle, 1643; her letters (1625-43) printed, 1854.
^ Sir Edward Harley (1624–1700), governor of Dunkirk; eldest son of Sir Robert Harley; distinguished as parliamentarian officer at Red Marley, ! 1644; general of horse for Herefordshire and Radnor, 1645; M.P., Herefordshire, 1646 and 1656; impeached I for supporting the disbanding ordinance, 1648; member of council of state, 1659; governor of Dunkirk, 1660-1; opposed sale of Dunkirk, 1661; K.B.; during reign of Charles II opposed in parliament legislation against nonconformists; sat also in first, third, and fourth parliaments of William III; published theological tracts,
^ Edward Harley (1664–1735), auditor of the imprest; son of Sir Edward Harley; educated at Westminster: barrister, Middle Temple; acted in revolution of 1688: recorder of Leominster, 1692; M.P., Leominster, 1698-1722; published Harmony of the Four Gospels 1733 (anon.)
^ Edward Harley, second Earl of Oxford (1689-1741), collector; son of Robert Harley, first earl , whom he succeeded, 1724; friend and correspondent of Pope and Swift: patron of Vertue and Oldys; circulated second edition of the Dunciad 1729; an assignee of the copyright of third edition; added to his father's collection of books and manuscripts; his books, i prints, and pamphlets sold to Thomas Osborne, 1742, and j manuscripts to the British Museum.
^ George Harley (1791–1871), water-colour painter and drawing-master.
^ George Harley (1829–1896), physician; M.D. Edinburgh, 1860; house surgeon and physician to Edinburgh Royal Infirmary; studied physiology and chemistry at Paris; president of Parisian Medical Society, 1853: lecturer on practical physiology and histology at University College, London, 1855; fellow of Chemical Society and F.C.P. Edinburgh, 1858; professor of medical jurisprudence at University College, 1859, and physician to the hospital, 1860; F.R.S., 1865; published medical works.
^ George Davies Harley (d. 1811?), actor and author: known as the Norwich Roscius; real name Davies; played Richard III and other Shakespearean parts at Covent Garden, 1789-91, and old men in the country; supported Mrs. Siddons at Dublin, 1802: published verse and biographical sketch of William Henry West Betty, the celebrated young Hoscins 1803.
^ John Harley (d. 1558), bishop of Hereford; M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1540; probationer-fellow, 1537-42; master of Magdalen School, 1542-8; chaplain to John Dudley, earl of Warwick, 1648, to Edward VI, 1551; prebendary of Worcester, 1552; bishop of Hereford, 1563-4.
^ John Pritt Harley (1786–1858), actor and singer; succeeded to John Bannister's parts; appeared at Drury Lane and the Lyceum, 1816-36, and under Bunn's management, 1841-8; at Covent Garden with Macready and Madame Vestris, 1838 and 1840; excelled in role of Shakespearean clowns; played Bobadil to Edmund Kean's Kitely, 1816; seized with paralysis while playing Lancelot Gobbo at the Princess's.
^ Sir Robert Harley (1579–1666), master of the mint; B.A. Oriel College, Oxford: K.B., 1603; M.P., Radnor and Herefordshire; master of the mint, 1626-35 and 1643-9: active in Long parliament against idolatrous monuments against Stratford, and in Scottish and Irish affairs; lent plate and money to parliament: organised the militia; his castle at Brampton Bryan captured by royalists, 1644; imprisoned, 1648-9, for voting to treat with the king.
^ Robert Harley, first Earl of Oxford (1661-1724), statesman; eldest son of Sir Edward Harley; member of the Inner Temple, 1682; high sheriff of Herefordshire, 1689; M.P., Tregony, 1689-80; New Radnor, 1690-1711; a moderate tory, but always on terms with the whips; brought in Triennial Bill, 1694; established National Land Bank, 1696; carried reductions in the army, 1697, 1698; speaker, 1701-6: secretary of state for northern department, 1704; commissioner for union, 1706; intrigued against colleagues through Abigail Hill's influence with the queen; resigned, 1708; chancellor of the exchequer and head of solid tory ministry, 1710; his life attempted by Guiscard, 1711; initiated scheme for funding national debt through South Sea Company, 1711; created Baron Harley, Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, and named lord treasurer, 1711; obtained dismissal of Marl borough and creation of twelve peer* to carry peace of Utrecht; K.G., 1712; ousted by BoUngbroke from favour of queen and tory party; dismissed for neglect of business and disrespect to queen, 1714: his impeachment (1717) on cliarges of making the peace, secretly favouring James Edward, the Old Pretender, and advising dangerous exercise of prerogative dismissed mainly on account of differences on the question of procedure between the two houses, 1717; exoepted from the Act of Grace; forbidden the court; continued to appear in the House of Lords, and to correspond with the Old Pretender, though refusing to lead the Jacobite tones. High characters of him are given by Pope and Swift; but he corresponded simultaneously with Hanoverians and Jacobites, and though a skilful party leader was an incapable statesman. He formed a great library, purchasing the manuscript collections of Foxe, Stow, and D'Ewes.
^ Thomas Harley (1730–1804), lord mayor of London; grandson of Edward Harley, second earl of Oxford; prime warden of Goldsmiths Company, 1762-3; M.P., city of London, 1761; re-elected againt-t Wilkes, 1768: M.P., Herefordshire, 1776-1802; as sheriff of London and Middlesex caused No. 45 of the North Briton to be burnt, 1763: lord mayor of London, 1767-8; privy councillor for services during Wilkite riots, 1768: mobbed, 1770; senior alderman, 1786; lord-lieutenant of Radnorshire,
^ Sir Richard Harliston (fl. 1480), governor of Jersey; captured Mont-Orgneil from the French, 1460 or 1467: captain-in-chief of Jersey, 1473; attainted for participating in Simnel's rising, 1486, and in that of Perkin Warbeck, 1495; in service of Duchess of Burgundy.
^ George Henry Harlow (1787–1819), painter; eighteen months in Lawrence's studio; a declared opponent of the Academy; exhibited portraits and historical pieces at the Academy from 1804; attracted notice by group of portraits of Charles Mathews (1814) andTrial ScenefromHenry VIII containing portraits of Mrs. Siddons and the Kembles, 1817; while in Italy, 1818, made acquaintance with Canova; member of Academy of St. Luke, Rome: painted portraits of various artists; painted, by invitation, his own portrait for Uffizi Gallery, Florence.
^ Sarah Harlowe (1765–1852), actress ; wife of Francis Waldron; after making a name at Sadler's Wells, appeared at Covent Garden, 1790, Hay market, Drury Lane, English Opera House, and Royalty; retired. 1826; her best parts, Lucy (Rivals), Widow Warren (Road to Ruin), Miss MacTab (Poor Gentleman), and old Lady Lambert (~Hypocrite).
^ Thomas Harlowe (d. 1741), captain in the navy; commanded the Burford at Barficur, 1692; engaged unsuccessfully French squadron carrying spoils from Carthagena, 1697; acquitted by court-martial under Rooke: engaged at Vigo in the Grafton, 1702; died senior captain.
^ Sir George Byng Harman (1830–1891), lieutenant-general; educated at Marlborongh; ensign, 1849; captain, 1856: served in Crimea, 1864; brevet major, 1855; served in Indian mutiny, 1857; on staff in West Indies, 1866-72: brevet colonel, 1871: on staff in expeditionary force in Egypt, 1882: deputy adjutant-general at headquarters, 1883; military secretary, 1886; K.C.B., 1887; lieutenant-general, 1890.
^ John Harman alias Veysey or Voysey (1465?-1554). See Veysey.
^ Sir John Harman (d. 1673), admiral; commanded the Welcome at battle of Portland, 1653, and in action off the Thames, 1653; in Worcester under Blake at Santa Cruz; flag-captain to Duke of York in Royal Charles in action with Dutch, 1665; knighted, 1665; rear-admiral, 1666; prominent in four daysfight off North Foreland, 1666; as commander-in-chief in West Indies destroyed French fleet at Martinique ami seized Cayenne and Surinam, 1667; rear-admiral of the blue at Solebay, 1672; vice-admiral in second action with De Ruyter, 1673; admiral, 1673.
^ Thomas Harman (fl. 1567), writer on beggars; his A Caueat, or Warening for commen cvrsetors Vvlgarely called Vagabones (first edition, 1566; reprinted, 1869); plagiarised by Dekker.
^ John Harmar or Harmer (1555?–1613), professor of Greek at Oxford; educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford; fellow of New College; M.A., 1582; B.D., 1605; disputed at Paris with Romanists; patronised by Leicester; regius professor of Greek, Oxford, 1585; head-master of Winchester, 1588-95: warden of St. Mary's College, 1596; a translator of the New Testament, 1604; edited Chrysostom's Homilies 1586 and 1590.
^ John Harmar or Harmer (1594?–1670), professor of Greek at Oxford; nephew of John Harmar or Harmer (1555?-1613); educated at Winchester and Magdalen College, Oxford; M.A., 1617; M.B., 1632; master of free school, St. Albans, 1626; professor of Greek, Oxford, 1650 - c. 1660; translated Heinsius's 'Mirrour of Humility 1618, and published Life of Cicero 1662, with other works.
^ Anthony Harmer (pseudonym). See Henry Wharton, 1664–1695.
^ James Harmer (1777–1853), alderman of London, 1833-40; sheriff, 1834-5; gave important evidence before the committee for reform of criminal law; a founder of Royal Free Hospital.
^ Thomas Harmer (1714–1788), independent minister of Wattisfield, Suffolk, 1734-88; left manuscript accounts of Norfolk and Suffolk dissenting churches; published Observations on Divers Passages of Scripture ... from... Books of Voyages and Travels 1764, and 4 Outlines of New Commentary on Solomon's Song 1768; 4 Miscellaneous Works issued, 1823.
^ Sir Henry Drury Harness (1804–1883), general; brother of William Harness; studied mining engineering in Mexico: instructor in fortification at Woolwich, 1834-40, professor, 1844-6; secretary to railway commission, 1846-50; deputy-master of the mint, 1860-2; commissioner of Irish works, 1852-4; lieutenant-colonel, 1855; chief-engineer under Lord Clyde in the mutiny; director at Chatham, 1860; K.C.B., 1873; general, 1878.
^ William Harness (1790–1869), divine and author; brother of Sir Henry Drury Harness; of Harrow and Christ's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1816; friend and correspondent of Byron; Boyle lecturer at Cambridge, 1822; incumbent of Regent Square Chapel, 1826-44; perpetual curate of All Saints Knightsbridge, 1849-69; published an edition of Shakespeare with life 1825, plays of Massinger and Ford, Life of Mary Russell Mitford 1870; the Harness prize for a Shakespearean essay founded at Cambridge in his memory,
^ Harold called Harefoot (d. 1040), king of the English; reputed son of Canute and Elfgifu of Northampton; elected by the witan through Danish support king north of the Thames, and (apparently) overking of all England, 1035; said to have lured to England by forged letter his half-brothers, and to have slain Alfred, 1037; chosen king of all England, 1037: banished his stepmother Emma from Wessex; buried in St. Clement Danes after disinterment by Hardicanute.
^ restoration; raised forces in Ireland, ravaged Somerset coast, and tailed with Godwin from Portland to London, 1062; succeeded his father in Wessex, 1063, and as head of the national party probably caused unjust banishment of Ifgar, earl of the East Angles, 1056; arranged peace between Gruffydd ab Llywelyn andthe English king, 1066; probably prevented meeting between Edward the confessor and bis intended heir, the setheling Edward, 1057; received earldom of Hereford, 1058; went on pilgrimage to Rome, and visited France, c. 1068: his church at Waltham dedicated by Cynesige of York, 1060: sailed round the Welsh coast, 1062-3, and, aided lay Tostig, subdued and dethronal Gruffydd, ravaged the land, and exacted tribute; wrecked on the coast of Ponthieu, and delivered by Count Guy to William of Normandy; after serving William against the Bretons, swore on the relics to be his man in England and to marry his daughter, c. 1064; on his return married Aldgyth and advised the outlawing of Tostig and his supersession in Northumbria by Morkere to gain Mercian support for his own succession to the English throne; chosen king, January 1066, by the nobles, as Edward the Confessor enjoined on his deathbed, and crowned; obtained recognition from the Northumbrians; sailed to the Isle of Wight, and for four months kept together an army for defence against Normandy; defeated Harold Hardrada of Norway and Tostig at Stamford Bridge (25 Sept. 1066); left York for London, and thence marched to Senlac or Battle near Hastings with men of the east and south; fortified a position on the hill, where he was attacked (14 Oct. 1066) by the Normans, and, after repelling one attack, was defeated and slain owing to the enemy's stratagem of pretended flight. His body is supposed first to have been buried by William's order on the sea-coast, and afterwards transferred to Waltham.
^ Francis Harold (d. 1685), chronographer of the order of St. Francis; nephew of Luke Wadding; chief works: epitome (1662) of Wadding's 4 Franciscan Annals withlife and (1683)life of Mogrobeio, archbishop of Lima; died at Rome.
^ James Harper (1795–1879), theologian; educated at Edinburgh; sixty years secession minister of North Leith; chairman of the synod, 1840; secession church professor of pastoral theology, 1843, of systematic theology, 1848; hon. D.D. Jefferson College, America, 1843; effected union of secession and relief bodies; moderator of united presbyterian synod, 1860; honorary D.D. Glasgow, 1877.
^ John Harper (d. 1742), actor; played at Lincoln's Inn Fields, 1719-21, Dr. Caius and Ajax, and several original parts; at Drury Lane, Falstaff, Sir Epicure Mammon, Jobson the Cobbler The Devil to Pay), Sir Wilful Witwould Way of the World), Cacafogo Rule a Wife and have a Wife; prosecuted in a test action for vagrancy, and discharged, 1733.
^ John Harper (1809–1842), architect; friend of Etty and Stanfield; with the Wyatts prepared designs for Apsley House and York House; died at Naples.
^ Thomas Harper (1787–1853), inspector of musical instruments to the East India Company; trumpet-player; engaged at Drury Lane and Lyceum English opera, 1806, at Ancient Concerts and Italian Opera, 1821, and at Philharmonic Concerts.
^ Sir William Harper (1496?–1573), lord mayor of London; master of Merchant TaylorsCompany, 1563; sheriff of London, 1557-8; lord mayor, 1561-2; knighted, 1662; helped to found Merchant Taylors School; founded school at Bedford, 1566.
^ William Harper (1806–1867), author and journalist; published two volumes of religious verse and 4 Memoir of Benjamin Braidley 1845.
^ John Harpsfield or Harpesfeld (1516-1578), chaplain to Bishop Bonner; of Winchester and New College, Oxford; fellow of New College, 1634-c. 1551; M.A., 1538; D.D., 1554; archdeacon of London, 1554; dean of Norwich, 1558; zealous persecutor of protestants; disputed with Cranmer, Ridley, and Latimer, at Oxford; active in convocation against Reformation, 1559; deprived and imprisoned in the Fleet; published homilies.
^ Nicholas Harpsfield or Harpesfeld (1519?-1575); theologian; brother of John Harpsfield or Harpesfeld; educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford; fellow, 1535; principal of Whitehall hostel, 1544; first regius professor of Greek, c. 1546; lived at Louvain during reign of Edward VI; D.C.L. Oxford, 1564; proctor in court of arches, 1654; vicar of Laindon. Essex, 1554; archdeacon of Canterbury and official at court of arcbes; as prolocutor of lower house of convocation piv-t'iitnl mnonstnuice against reformation, 1559; one of the eight Romanist disputants, 1559; imprisoned in the Tower. 1559-75; his Historia Anglicana Ecclesiiitioa edited by Richard Gibbons, 1662, Treatise on the pretended Divorce between Henry VIII and Catherine of Arrajron by Nicholas Pocock, 1878, and six Latin dialogues attacking pseudo-martyrs by Alan Cope, 1566 (Antwerp); left manuscript lives of Cranmer and More.
^ Joseph Harpur (1773–1821), critic; matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford, 1790; deputy professor of civil law at Oxford, 1806 (D.C.L., 1813): published Essay on the Principles of Philosophical Criticism applied to Poetry 1810.
^ Richard Harraden (1756–1838), artist and engraver; published views of Cambridge, 1797-8, and 1800, 'Costume of the various orders in the University 1803, and Cantabrigia Depicta 1811.
^ Richard Bankes Harraden (1778–1862), artist; son of Richard Harraden; made drawings forCantabrigia Depicta 1811, and published further Illustrations 1830.
^ Margaret Harries (1797–1846). See Mrs Cornwell Baron Wilson.
^ Robert Harrild (1780–1853), inventor of 'composition rollers for inking types, 1810; preserved Benjamin Franklin's press, and left money for a Franklin pension for printers.
^ John Harriman (1760–1831), botanist; clergyman in Northumberland and Durham; F.L.S.; furnished plants for Smith's English Botany and discovered many species of lichens; the microscopic dot lichen named after him.
^ Earls of Harrington . See STANHOPE, WILLiam first EARL, 1690?–1756 ; STANHOPE, WILLIAM, second EARL, 1719-1779; STANHOPE, CHARLES, third EARL, 1753-1829; STANHOPE, CHARLES, fourth EARL, 1780-1851; STANHOPE, LEICESTER FITZGERALD CHARLES, fifth Earl, 1784-1862.
^ James Harrington or Harington (1611-1677), political theorist; great-nephew of John Harington, first baron Harington of Exton; studied at Trinity College, Oxford; some time in service of elector palatine; visited Rome and Venice; groom of the bedchamber to Charles I at Holmby and in the Isle of Wight; published The Commonwealth of Oceania 1656, the 4 Art of Lawgiving (abridgment of Oceana), 1659, and several tracts in defence of it; formed the Rota club for political discussion, 1659-60; imprisoned in the Tower, 1661, and afterwards at Plymouth; works edited by Toland, 1700.
^ James Harrington (1664–1693), lawyer and poet; educated at Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1690; barrister, Inner Temple; published Latin hexameter poem on the death of Charles II, Defence of the Rights and Privileges of the University of Oxford (1690), and other pamphlets; contributed preface and introduction to first edition of Athenae Oxonienses
^ Sir John Harrington (1561–1612). See Harington.
^ Maria, fourth Countess of Harrington. See Maria Foote, 1797?–1867.
^ Robert Harrington (fl. 1815), writer on natural philosophy; published, as Richard Bewley, M.D. a 'Treatise on Air(1791), and other works against Lavoisier's theory of combustion and in favour of phlogiston, Chemical Essay (against Priestley), 1794, and other works.
^ William Harrington (d. 1523), divine: prebendary of St. Paul's, 1497; rector of St. Anne's, Aldersgate, 1505-10; published a work in commendation of matrimony.
^ Thomas Harriot (1560–1621), mathematician and astronomer; B.A. St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 1580; mathematical tutor to Sir W. Ralegh, who sent him, 1585, to survey Virginia; his Brief and True Report(1588) reproduced in De Bry'sAmericae Descriptioand in Hakluyt; pensioned by Henry, earl of Northumberland, one of whose three magi he became. His Artis Analytics Praxis ad Equationes Algebraic** resolvendas edited, 1631, by Walter Warner, embodies inventions which gave algebra it* modern form. He used telescopes simultaneously with Galileo: be observed sun-spots and the comets of 1607 and 1618. Collections of his papers are at the British Museum and Sion House,
^ John Harriott (1745–1817), projector of the London Thames police; served in the navy and in the merchant service: also in military employ of East India Company; received gold medal from Society of Arts for reclaiming from the sea (1781-2) Rushley isle, Essex; lived In America, 1790-6; patented improved ship's pump (1797) and other inventions; resident magistrate at Thames police court, 1798-1816; addressed (1797) letter to the Duke of Portland, secretary of state, broaching bis scheme of Thames police (marine police established, 1798); published 'Struggles through Life 1815.

[1] Hailes, third Baron (d. 1508). See Patrick Hepburn.

[2] Lord Hailes (1726–1792). See David Dalrymple.

[3] William Anthony Hails or Hailes (1766-1845), author; while working as a shipwright acquired knowledge of classics and Hebrew; published Nugae Poeticae (1806) and controversial tracts against Socinianlsm and unitarianism.

[4] Edward Hailstone (1818–1890), author of Portraits of Yorkshire Worthies (1869); son of Samuel Hailstone

[5] John Hailstone (1759–1847), geologist; second wrangler, Trinity College Cambridge, 1782: fellow, 1784; Woodwardian professor of geology, Cambridge, 1788-1818; vicar of Trumpington, 1818-47; F.R.S., 1801; original member of Geological Society; made additions to Woodwardian Museum.

[6] Samuel Hailstone (1768–1851), botanist; brother of John Hailstone; solicitor at Bradford; leading authority on Yorkshire flora.

[7] Haimo (d. 1054). See Haymo.

[8] Herbert Haines (1826–1872), archaeologist; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1851; as undergraduate, published Manual for the Study of Monumental 1848; second master, college school, Gloucester, 1850-73; published guide to Gloucester Cathedral, 1867.

[9] John Thomas Haines (1799?–1843), actor and dramatist; author of many popular melodramas, in some of which he acted, including My Poll and my Partner Joe (1835), and several nautical dramas.

[10] Joseph Haines or Haynes (d. 1701), actor; known as Count Haines; educated at Queen's College, Oxford: Latin secretary to Sir Joseph Williamson; dancer and afterwards actor at Theatre Royal; Benito in Dryden's Assignation written expressly for him, 1672; the original Sparkish in the Country Wife 1673, and Lord Plausible in the Plain Dealer 1674; his best parts Noll Bluff in Congreve's Old Batchelor and Roger in JEfop; recited prologues and epilogues.

[11] William Haines (1778–1848), engraver and painter; worked on Boydell-Sbakespeare plates; made drawings at the Cape, and engravings at Philadelphia, 1800-5; painted miniatures in London.

[12] John James Haite (d. 1874), musical composer; published Favourite Melodies as Quintets 1866, Principles of Natural Harmony 1855, and other musical compositions.

[13] Edward Hake (fl. 1579), satirist; mayor of Windsor, 1586; M.P., Windsor, 1588-9: satirised clerical and other abuses in pieces, including Newes out of Powles Churchyarde 1567, 1579 (reprinted in Ishain Reprints 1872), and* A Touchstone for this Time Present 1574; translated the Imitatio Christi 1567.

[14] Thomas Gordon Hake (1809–1895), physician and poet; educated at Christ's Hospital; studied medicine at St. George's Hospital and at Glasgow and Edinburgh; practised successively at Brighton, Bury St. Edmund's, and Roehamptou (filling post of physician to West London Hospital), and finally settled at St. John's Wood, London. He published, between 1839 and 1890, several volumes of poems, the earlier of which were highly appreciated by Dante Rossetti, whom Hake attended during his last days (1872). His Memoirs of Eighty Years appeared, 1892.

[15] Arthur William Hakewill (1808–1856), architect; elder son of James Hakewill q. v.; published Apology for the Architectural Monstrosities of London 1835, and other architectural works.

[16] Edward Charles Hakewill (1812–1872), architect, younger son of Henry Hakewill; designed churches in Suffolk and East London; published The Temple 1851.

[17] George Hakewill (1578–1649), divine; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1596-1611; M.A., 1602; D.D., 1611; rector of Exeter College, 1642-9; chaplain to Prince Charles, 1612, but dismissed on account of manuscript treatise against the Spanish match; archdeacon of Surrey, 1617; rector of Heanton Purchardon during civil war; built chapel for Exeter College (consecrated 1624); one of the writers on whom Johnson formed his style. His works include The Vanitie of the Eie (last edit. 1633), a Latin treatise against regicides, 1612, and Apologie... of the Power and Providence of God 1627.

[18] Henry Hakewill (1771–1830), architect; eldest son of John Hakewill; designed Gothic buildings and chapel at Rugby, Rendlesham House, and Cave Castle.

[19] Henry James Hakewill (1813–1834), sculptor; son of James Hakewill; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1832.

[20] James Hakewill (1778–1843), architect; son of John Hakewill; published Views of the Neighbourhood of Windsor 1813,Picturesque Tour of Italy 1817 (with drawings finished by Turner), and Picturesque Tour in the Island of Jamaica 1821.

[21] John Hakewill (1742–1791), painter and decorator; employed on decorative work at Blenheim and other mansions; exhibited at Society of Artists, mainly portraits.

[22] John Henry Hakewill (1811–1880), architect; elder son of Henry Hakewill.

[23] William Hakewill (1574–1656), legal antiquary; brother of George Hakewill; M.P., Bossiney, 1601, Michell, 1604-11, Tregony, 1614-28, and Amersham, 1628-9; kinsman and executor of Sir Thomas Bodley; M.A. Oxford, 1613; member of commission to revise tbe laws, 1614.; solicitor-general to James I's queen, 1617; bencher of Lincoln's Inn; master of chancery, 1647; chief works, Libertie of the Subject against the pretended Power of Imposition 1641, and The Manner how Statutes are enacted in Parliament 1641.

[24] Richard Hakluyt (1552?-1616), geographer; of Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1577; publishedDivers Voyages touching the Discovery of America 1582; chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford, ambassador at Paris, 1583-8; prebendary of Bristol, 1586; rector of Wetheringsett, 1590; archdeacon of Westminster, 1603; a chief adventurer in the South Virginian Company; buried in Westminster Abbey; hisPrincipall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation issued, 1589, and (much enlarged) 3 vols. 16981600; published alsoA notable History, containing four Voyages made by certain French Captains into Florida 1587, and translations.

[25] John Halcomb (1790–1852), serjeant-at-law; barrister, Inner Temple: M.P., Dover, 1831-5; published 'Practical Treatise on passing Private Bills 1836.

[26] Daniel Rutherford Haldane (1824–1887), physician; son of James Alexander Haldane; M.D. Edinburgh, 1848; president, Edinburgh College of Physicians; LL.D. at tercentenary of Edinburgh University,

[27] James Alexander Haldane (1768–1851), religious writer; made voyages to India and China as midshipman on an East Indiaman; first congregational minister in Scotland, 1799; founded Society for Propagating the Gospel at Home, 1797; baptist, 1808; took part in most contemporary religious controversies; published journal of his first evangelistic tour, and devotional works.

[28] Robert Haldane (1764–1842), religious writer ; brother of James Alexander Haldane; spent largely in founding and endowing tabernacles and seminaries; co-operated with his brother at Edinburgh; carried on evangelistic work in Geneva and southern France, 18161819; from 1824 attacked British and Foreign Bible Society for circulating the Apocrypha; published Evidences and Authority of Divine Revelation 1816, and Exposition of the Epistle to the Romans 1835-9.

[29] Robert Haldane (1772–1854), divine : named after Robert Haldane (1764-1842); professor of mathematics at St Andrews, 1807-20; principal of St. Mary's, and primarius of divinity, 1820-54; moderator of general assembly, 1827, and at the disruption.

[30] James Haldenstoun or Haddenston (d. 1443), prior of St. Andrews, 1418; member of James I's embassy to Rome, 1425.

[31] Sir Frederick Haldimand (1718–1791), lieutenant-general; of Swiss birth; some years in Dutch service; lieutenant-colonel, 62nd royal Americans (king's royal rifle corps), 1756, afterwards commanding it as 60th foot: distinguished at Ticonderoga, 1768, and Oswego, 1759; with Amherst's expedition against Montreal, 1760; commanded in Florida, 1766-78; governor and commander-in-chief of Canada, 1778-85; died at Yverdun; his correspondence (1758-85) in British Museum.

[32] William Haldimand (1784–1862), philanthropist; grand-nephew of Sir Frederick Haldimand ; a director of the Bank of England; M.P., Ipswich, 1820-6; gave pecuniary support to cause of Greek independence; founded Hortense Hospital, Aix-les-Bains, and a blind asylum at Lausanne; died at Denantou.

[33] Sir Bernard Hale (1677–1729), judge; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1704; lord chief baron Irish exchequer, 1722; puisne baron of English exchequer and knighted, 1725.

[34] Bernard Hale (. 1773), general ; son of Sir Bernard Hale; governor of Chelsea Hospital, 1773; lieutenant-general of the ordnance.

[35] Horatio Hale (1817-1896), anthropologist; born at Newport, New Hampshire, United States; M.A. Harvard; ethnologist and philologist to exploring expedition under Captain Wilkes, 1838-42; admitted to Chicago bar, i 1855; resided at Clinton, Ontario, 1856-96; supervised anthropological work of British Association in Canadian North-west and British Columbia; published, 1 883, with I translation and introduction, Iroquois Book of Rites : (1714-35), the only literary American-Indian work extant, and anthropological writiiurs.

[36] John Hale (d. 1800), general; son of Sir Bernard ! Hale

[37] Sir Matthew Hale (1609–1676), judge ; of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, and Lincoln's Inn; counsel for Sir John Bramston (1641) and Archbishop Laud (1643) on impeachment; counsel for Lord Macguire, 1646, and tho eleven members accused by Fairfax, 1646; defended James, duke of Hamilton, 1649; said to have tendered his services to Charles I; took the oath- to the Commonwealth, but defended Christopher Love, 1651; member of committee for law reform, 1652; serjeant-atlaw, 1654; justice of common pleas, 1654; M.P., Gloucestershire, 1654, and in Convention parliament (1660), for Oxford University, 1659; prominent in the convention; lord chief baron of the exchequer, 1660; knighted, 1660: member of special court to adjudicate on questions of property arising out of the fire of 1666; presided at conviction of two women for witchcraft, 1662; endeavoured to mitigate severity of conventicle acts, and to forward comprehension; lord chief-justice of king's bench, 1671; friend of Baxter and Seldeu and of the latitudinarian bishops; published two scientific works answered by Henry More His posthumous works includeContemplations, Moral and DivinePleas of the Crown 1678,The Primitive Origination of Mankind Considered Historia Placitorum Coronse (ordered by parliament to be printed), andThe Judgment of the late Lord Chief Justice of the Nature of True Religion edited by Baxter, 1684;Works Moral and Religious edited by Rev. T. Thirlwall, 1805.

[38] Richard Hale (1670–1728), physician; M.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1695; F.R.C.P., 1716; gave 500. to the Royal College of Physicians library; his Harveiau oration on English mediaeval physicians published, 1735.

[39] Warren Stormes Hale (1791–1872), lord mayor of London; master of Tallow ChandlersCompany, 1849 and 1861; alderman of London, 1856; sheriff, 1858-9; lord mayor, 1864-5: chief founder of City of London School on the old foundation of John Carpenter (1370 ?1441 ?)

[40] William Hale Hale (1795–1870), divine and antiquary; educated at Charterhouse and Oriel College, Oxford; M.A., 1820; domestic chaplain to Bishop Blomfield, 1824; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1829-40; archdeacon of St. Albans, 1840-2, and of London, 1842; master of the Charterhouse, 1842-70; edited (1858)The Domesday of St. Paul's of 1222 &c., theEpistles of Bishop Hall(1840), and Institutioues pise ascribed to Bishop Andrewes; published also accounts of Charterhouse and Christ's Hospital.

[41] Alexander of Hales (d. 1245). See Alexander.

[42] Sir Christopher Hales (d. 1541), master of the rolls; ancient of Gray's Inn, 1516; M.P., Canterbury, 1523; solicitor-general, 1526; attorney-general, 1529; preferred indictment against Wolsey, 1529: justice of assize, 1532; conducted proceedings against More, Fisher, and Anne Holey u, 1535; granted church lands in Kent.

[43] Sir Edward Hales, baronet, titular Earl of Tenterden (d. 1695); at University College, Oxford, under Obadiah Walker; professed himself a papist, 1685: convicted for having acted as colonel of foot without taking the statutory oaths and the sacrament, but his plea of the king's dispensation allowed by king's bench, 1686; lieutenant of the Tower; dismissed, 1688; arrested while with James II at Faversham and imprisoned; went to St. Germain, 1690: received a Jacobite title, 1692.

[44] Sir James Hales (d. 1554), judge; son of John Hales (d. 1539); ancient of Gray's Inn, 1528; serjeant-at-law, 1540; king's serjeant, 1544; K.B., 15 17: judge of common pleas, 1549; member of courts which tried Bonner and Qftl4l*Hr, and on commission for reforming ecclesiastical laws, 1551; refused to affix his seal to act of council settling the crown on Lady Jane Grey, 1553; imprisoned at instance of Gardiner, 1553-4; drowned himself after release.

[45] John Hales (d. 1539), baron of the exchequer, 1522-39.

[46] John Hales or Hayles (d. 1571), author; clerk of the hanaper to Henry VIII, Edward VI, and Elizabeth; converted his grant of St. John's Hospital, Coventry, into free school, 1548; as M.P. for Preston introduced measures for benefiting the poor, 1548; at Frankfort in Mary's reign; his property confiscated, 1557; imprisoned by Elizabeth for pamphlet affirming legality of marriage of Lord Hertford and Lady Katherine Grey, 1564; published Highway to Nobility 1543, and Introductions ad Grammaticam: translated Plutarch's Precepts for the Preservation of Health c. 1543.

[47] John Hales (1584–1656), 'the ever-memorable'; educated at Bath grammar school and Corpus Christi, Oxford; fellow of Merton, 1606; M.A., 1609; public lecturer in Greek, 1612; fellow of Eton, 1613-49: as chaplain to Sir Dudley Carleton attended synod of Dort, 1618-19; canon of Windsor and chaplain to Laud, 1639; his tract on Schism and Schismaticks printed anonymously and unsanctioned, 1642; during the Commonwealth lived in retirement; published oration on Sir Thomas Bodley, also several remarkable sermons, 1613; his Golden Remains first issued, 1659; his works printed by Foulis (Glasgow, 1765), edited by Lord Hailes.

[48] John Hales (d. 1679). See John Hayls.

[49] Stephen Hales (1677–1761), physiologist and inventor; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1703; M. A., 1703; B.D., 1711; D.D. Oxford, 1733; perpetual curate of Teddington, 1709 until death; also incumbent of Farringdon, Hampshire, during same period, but resided chiefly at Teddington: F.R.S., 1718; Copley medallist, 1739; a founder and (1756) vice-president of Society of Arts; clerk of the closet to the princessdowager, and chaplain to her son (afterwards George III), 1751; trustee of colony of Georgia; invented artificial ventilators and numerous other mechanical contrivances; his Vegetable Staticks (1727) the most important contribution of the eighteenth century to plant-physiology; his contributions to animal physiology in Statical Essays (1733) second only to those of Harvey in the inauguration of modern physiology. His monument was placed in Westminster Abbey by the Princess-dowager of Wales. His works include two pamphlets against spirit drinking as well as Philosophical Experiments (1739), containing inter alia suggestions for distilling water and preserving provisions at sea, proposals for cleaning harbours, and A Description of Ventilators 1743.

[50] Thomas Hales (fl. 1250), Franciscan; famous for his learning; his poem A Luve Ron printed in Morris's Old English Miscellany.

[51] Thomas Hales (1740?–1780), French dramatist; known as d'Hele, d'Hele, or Dell; of English birth; served in the English navy: went to Paris, c. 1770; contributed to Grimm's Correspondanoe Litteraire'Le Roman de Mon Oncle 1777; published comedies, with music by Gretry, of which Le Jugement de Midas was acted and printed, 1778, Les Fausses Apparences acted 1778 (revived 1850),Les Evenemens Imprevus* (acted 1779), translated by Holcrof t, 1806, and Gilles Ravisseur (acted 1781).

[52] William Hales (1747–1831), chronologist ; fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1768; B.A. and D.D.; professor of oriental languages, Trinity College, Dublin; rector of Killeshandra, Cavau, 1788-1831. His twenty-two works include A New Analysis of Chronology 18091812, also mathematical papers in Maseres's Scriptores Logarithmici and theological treatises.

[53] Sir Henry Halford , first baronet (1766–1844), physician; son of Dr. James Vaughan: B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1788; M.D., 1791; physician to Middlesex Hospital, 1793-1800; F.R.C.P., 1794: changed his name on inheriting property, and was created baronet, 1809; attended George IV, William IV, and yrn Victoria; president, College of Physicians, 1820-44; publishedAccount of what appeared on opening the Coffin of King Charles I 1813, and Essays and Orations delivered at the Royal College of Physicians 1831.

[54] Sir Henry St John Halford, third baronet (1828-1897), rifleman: educated at Eton and Merton College, Oxford; B.A., 1849; succeeded to baronetcy, 1868; C.B., 1886; shot for England in first match for Elcho shield, 1862, and in many subsequent years till 1893; made highest scores in 1862 and 1872: won Albert prize, 1862 and 1893, Duke of Cambridge prize and Association cup, 1871, and Dudley, 1893; member of government small arms committee, 1880; publishedArt of Shooting with the Rifle 1888.

[55] Joseph Halfpenny (1748–1811), topographical draughtsman and engraver; clerk of the works to John Oarr (1723-1807) at restoration of York Cathedral; published Gothic Ornaments in the Cathedral Church of York 1795-1800, and Fragmenta Vetusta 1807.

[56] William Halfpenny , alias Michael Hoare (fl.–1752), credited with invention of drawing arches by intersection of straight lines; publishedPractical ArchitectureUseful Architecture 1751,Geometry, Theoretical and Practical 1752, and handbooks on rural architecture.

[57] John of Halghton (d. 1324).

[58] Nathaniel Brassey Halhed (1761–1830), orientalist; at Harrow with Richard Brinsley Sheridan: knew Sir William Jones while at Christ Church, Oxford; entered East India Company's service; translated the Gentoo Code from the Persian, 1776; issued from first press set up in India Bengali grammar, 1778; first called attention to affinity between Sanskrit words andthose of Persian, Arabic, and even of Latin and Greek; returned to England; M.P., Lymington, 1790-6; became a believer in Richard Brothers; moved that Brothers's Revealed Knowledge be laid before the House of Commons, 1795; entered East India House, 1809; published (1771) verse translation (with Sheridan) ofThe Love Epistles of Aristaenetus and Imitations of some of the Epigrams of Martia.1 1793.

[59] George Haliburton (1616–1665), bishop of Dunkeld; graduated at King's College, Aberdeen, 1636; attended Scots army at Newcastle, 1643; deposed from ministry for holding communication with Montrose, 1644; restored, 1645; silenced for preaching in the king's interest, 1651; parliamentary commissioner for visiting Aberdeen University, 1661; bishop of Dunkeld. 1662-5.

[60] George Haliburton (1628–1715), bishop of Aberdeen; MA. St. Andrews, 1646; D.D., 1673; minister of Coupar-Angus, 1648; bishop of Brechin, 1678-82, of Aberdeen, 1682-9; conducted episcopal services at Newtyle, 1698-1710.

[61] '^ James Haliburton formerly Burton (1788-1862), egyptologist; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1815; resumed his father's first name of Haliburtou, 1838; while engaged on geological survey of Egypt for Mehemet All decided position of Myos Hormos or Aphrodite: travelled with Edward W. Lane; published 'Excerpta Hieroglyphica 1822-8; again in the eastern desert, 1830-2; vorked with Joseph Bonomi the younger and Sir John Gardner Wilkinson; his 'Collectanea Egyptiacapresented to British Museum, 1864.

[62] Thomas Haliburton (1674–1712). See Halyburton.

[63] Thomas Chandler Haliburton (1796–1865), author of Sam Slick; born and educated in Nova Scotia; chief-justice in Nova Scotia of common pleas, 1828-40, and judge of supreme court, 1842-56; afterwards lived in England; M.P., Launcestou, 1859-65; D.C.L. Oxford, 1858. In his Clockmaker, or Sayings and Doings of Sam Slick (1837, 1838, and 1840) he founded American school of humour. His other works include "The Attaché, or Sam Slick in England 1843-4, besides two books on Nova Scotia, and The Old Judge, or Life in a Colony 1843.

[64] Alexander Henry Haliday (1728?–1802), physician and politician; eon of Samuel Haliday: physician at Belfast; saved Belfast from destruction by 'Hearts of Steelrioters, 1770; corresponded with Charlemont.

[65] Charles Haliday (1789–1866), antiqnary ; brother of William Haliday; secretary of Dublin chamber of commerce, director of Bank of Ireland, and consul for Greece; published pamphlets on social subjects, harbour and lighthouse reform, &c.; his Scandinavian Kingdom of Dublin edited by J. P. Prendergast, 1881.

[66] Samuel Haliday or Hollyday (1686–1739), Irish non-subscribing divine; graduated at Glasgow; ordained at Geneva, 1708; chaplain to Scots Oameronians in Flanders; when minister at Belfast refused to subscribe Westminster confession, 1720, defending his conduct in 'Reasons against Imposition of Subscription... &c., 1724.

[67] William Haliday (1788–1812), Irish grammarian; learnt Irish from three Munstermen in Dublin; a founder of the Gaelic Society of Dublin, 1807; published, as Edmond O'Connell Uraicecht na Gaedhilge (Irish grammar), 1808, and vol. i. of a translation of Keating's History of Ireland 1811.

[68] Marquises of Halifax . See SAVILK, SIR GEORGE, 1633-1696; SAVILE, WILLIAM, second MARQUIS, 1651700.

[69] Earls of Halifax . See MONTAGU, CHARLES, first earl of second creation, 1661-1715; DUNK, GEORGE MONTAGU, first earl of third creation, 1716-1771.

[70] Halifax first Viscount (1800–1885). See Charles Wood.

[71] John Halifax (fl. 1230). See Holywood.

[72] Peter Halkerston (d. 1833?), Scottish lawyer ; hon. LL.D.; bailie of Holyrood Abbey; published Treatise on the History, Law, and Privileges of Holyrood House 1831, and several legal works.

[73] David Halkerstone (d. 1689). See Hackston.

[74] Elizabeth Halket , afterwards Lady Wardlaw. See Wardlaw.

[75] George Halket (d. 1756), Scottish song-writer; schoolmaster and session-clerk of Rathen, 1714-25, and Cairnbulg, 1725-60; published works, including Occasional Poems upon several Subjects 1727, two ballads entitled Logie o' Buchan and Whirry Whigs, Awa Man; Dialogue between the Devil and George II also ascribed to him.

[76] Lady Anne Halkett or Anna (1622–1699), royalist and author: nee Murfay; skilled in surgery; with her lover, Joseph Bampfield, contrived escape of James, duke of York, 1647; attended soldiers wounded at Dunbar, 1650, and was thanked by Charles II; married Sir James Halkett, 1656; left manuscript devotional works; her autobiography printed, 1875.

[77] Sir Colin Halkett (1774–1856), general; son of Frederick Godar Halkett; served In the Dutch foot-guards, 1792-5, and light infantry (in British pay); commanded 2nd light battalion of the German legion in Germany, 1805-6, Ireland, 1806, the Peninsula and the Walcheren expedition, 1809: led the German light brigade at Albuera, 1811, during Burgos retreat, 1812, and Vittoria, 1813, and succeeding battles; commanded British brigade at Quatre Bras and Waterloo; lieutenant-general, 1830; general, 1841; commander at Bombay, 1831-2; governor of Chelsea Hospital, 1849; G.C.B. and G.C.H.

[78] Frederick Godar Halkett (1728–1803), major-general; lieutenant-colonel, 2nd battalion of the DundaK regiment, in Holland, 1777; retired, 1782; raised a Scots battalion for English army: major-general, 1802.

[79] Hugh Halkett, Baron von Halkett (1783-1863), Hanoverian general and British colonel; son of Frederick Godar Halkett; served in India in Scots brigade, 1798-1801: distinguished himself at Copenhagen, 1807; led battalion at Albuera, 1811, Salamanca, 1812, th Burgos retreat and Venta de Pozo, 1812; organised Hanoverian levies, 1813; commanded brigade at Gourde, 1813, and Schestedt, 1813: led the Srd and 4th brigades of Hanoverian militia at Waterloo, 1816, and captured Oambronne (chief of the imperial guard) with his own band: commanded 10th army corps of German confederation in Schleswig-Holstein, 1848; created baron with full pension, 1868; O.B. and G.C.H.; died at Hanover.

[80] Samuel Halkett (1814–1871), keeper of Advocates Library, Edinburgh, 1848-71; began Dictionary of Anonymous and Pseudonymous Literature of Great Britain (published, 1882-8).

[81] Mrs Agnes C. Hall (1777–1846), author; wife of Robert Hall (1763-1824); contributed to various cyclopaedias; translated Alfieri's Autobiography 1810, and works by Madame de Genlis; published novels.

[82] Mrs Anna Maria Hall (1800–1881), author ; n& Fielding; married Samuel Carter Hall, 1824; edited St. James's Magazine 1862-3; received civil list pension, 1868; assisted in foundation of Brompton Consumption Hospital and other benevolent institutions: published nine novels, includingMarian, or a Young Maid's Fortunes 1840, andLights and Shadows of Irish Life 1838; published two plays and Tales of the Irish Peasantry 1840, and Midsummer Eve, a Fairy Tale of Love 1848; collaborated with her husband,

[83] Anthony Hall (1679–1723), antiquary ; fellow of Queen's College, Oxford, 1706; M.A., 1704; D.D., 1721; rector of Hampton Poyle, 1720; edited Leland's Commentaries 1709, and works of Nicholas Trivet, 1719; superintended publication of Hudson's Josephus 1720.

[84] Archibald Hall (1736–1778), divine ; studied at Edinburgh and Glasgow universities; minister of Torphicen, West Lothian, and from 1765 of the Secession church, Well Street, London; published religious works.

[85] Arthur Hall (fl. 1563–1604), translator and politician; ward of Sir William Cecil (Lord Burghley); M.P., Grantham, 1571-81 and 1585; reprimanded by speaker for lewd speaking, 1572; expelled the house, 1581, for offensive pamphlet impugning action of speaker and members in the case of his servant, who, being freed from ordinary arrest as privileged, was sent to the Tower by the House of Commons for assault; confined in the Tower two years, 1581-3; offered political advice to Burghley (1591) and to James I (1604); his Ten Books of Homer's Iliades, translated out of French (1581), the first English version of Homer's Iliad.

[86] Basil Hall (1788–1844), captain in the navy and author; son of Sir James Hall; witnessed battle of Corufia, 1809; accompanied Lord Amherst's Chinese embassy; carried out pendulum observations off South America; interviewed Napoleon: F.R.S., 1816; travelled in North America, 1827-8; died insane in Haslar Hospital; his Fragments of Voyages and Travels 1831-3, often reprinted.

[87] Sir Benjamin Hall, first Baron Llanover (1802-1867), politician; of Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; M.P., Monmouth, 1831-7, Marylebone, 1837-59; created baronet, 1838; active in cause of ecclesiastical reform; privy councillor, 1854; president of board of health, 1854; as chief commissioner of works, 1856-8, established metropolitan board of works; created Baron Llanover, 1859.

[88] Chambers Hall (1786–1855), virtuoso; presented to British Museum drawings by Girtin and antiquities, and to Oxford University antiquities and pictures.

[89] Charles Hall (1720?–1783), line-engraver.

[90] Charles Hall (1745?–1825?), writer on economics; M.D. Leyden; publishedEffects of Civilisation on the People in European States 1805; died in the Fleet.

[91] Sir Charles Hall (1814–1883), vice-chancellor; barrister, Middle Temple, 1838; assisted and subsequently succeeded Lewis Duval in conveyancing practice; conveyancer to court of chancery, 1864; authority on real property law; vice-chancellor, 1873; knighted, 1873; twice refused silk.

[92] Sir Charles Hall (1843–1900), recorder of London; son of Sir Charles Hall (1814-1883); educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge: M.A., 1870; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1866; attorney-general to Prince of Wales, 1877-98; Q.C., 1881; K.C.M.G., 1890; recorder of London, 1892; privy councillor, 1899; M.P. for Western Cambridgeshire, 1885-6 and 1886-92, ami for Holborn division of Finsbury, 1892.

[93] Charles Henry Hall (1763–1827), dean of Durham; educated at Westminster and Christ Church. Oxford; M.A., 1786; D.D., 1800; won university prizes for Latin and English essays; dean of Christ Church, 1809-24; Bamptou lecturer and prebendary of Exeter, 1798; regius professor of divinity and vicar of Luton, 1807; dean of Durham, 1824-7.

[94] Chester Moor Hall (1703–1771), inventor of the achromatic telescope, 1733; bencher, Inner Temple, 1763.

[95] Edmund Hall (1620?–1687), divine; left Oxford to fight for parliament; fellow of Pembroke, 1647; M.A., 1650; imprisoned for attacking Cromwell, 1651-2; rector of Chipping Norton and (1680-7) of Great Risington; published Scriptural Discourse of the Apostacy and the Antichrist 1653, and anonymous monarchical pamphlets,

[96] Edward Hall (d. 1547), historian ; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge; B.A., 1518; reader at Gray's Inn, 1533 and 1540; common Serjeant, 1532; M.P., Bridgnorth, 1542; commissioner to inquire into transgressions of Six Articles, 1541-4; bis Union of the Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and York 1542 (completed by Grafton, 1550), followed by Shakespeare, prohibited by Queen Mary, and not reprinted till 1809.

[97] Elisha Hall (fl. 1562), fanatic; examined by Bishop Grindal, 1562.

[98] Francis Hall (1595–1675). See Line.

[99] Francis Russell Hall (1788–1866), theological writer; educated at Manchester and St. John's College, Cambridge; fellow; M.A., 1813; D.D., 1839; rector of Fulbourn, 1826-66; published theological pamphlets, including * Reasons for not contributing to circulate the Apocrypha 1825.

[100] George Hall (1612?–1668), bishop of Chester ; son of Joseph Hall; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1632; M.A., 1634; D.D., 1660; deprived by parliament of vicarage of Menheniot and archdeaconry of Cornwall, but allowed to officiate in London; canon of Windsor and archdeacon of Canterbury, 1660; bishop of Chester, 1662-8; held with his see rectory of Wigan.

[101] George Hall (1753–1811), bishop of Dromore : scholar, fellow, senior fellow (1790-1800), professor of Greek, modern history, and mathematics, and provost (1806-11) of Trinity College, Dublin; M.A., 1778; D.D., 1790; bishop of Dromore, 1811.

[102] Henry Hall (d. 1680), covenanter ; joined covenanters on Pentland Hills, 1676; imprisoned; after his release wandered about with Cargill and others; assisted in drawing up covenanting manifesto, 1679; one of the leaders at Drumclog and Bothwell Brigg, 1679; fled to Holland; captured on his return by Thomas Dalyell ; died of a wound; Queensferry Paper found on him.

[103] Henry Hall, the elder (1655?–1707), organist ; chorister of the Chapel Royal; studied with Purcell under Blow; organist of Exeter (1674) and Hereford (1688) Cathedrals; services and anthems by him in Tudway's collection.

[104] Henry Hall, the younger (i. 1713), organist ; son of Henry Hall the elder; organist of Hereford Cathedral, 1707; admired by contemporaries as composer of light verse.

[105] Jacob Hall (fl. 1668), rope-dancer ; seen by Pepys at Bartholomew Fair, Smithfleld, 1668; much favoured by Lady Castlemain.

[106] James Hall (d. 1612), navigator: made two voyages (1605, 1606) to Greenland as pilot of Danish expeditions, described by Purchas; commanded English expedition to Greenland, 1612; mortally wounded by an Eskimo.

[107] James Hall (1755–1826), presbyterian divine: educated at Glasgow University; pastor of associate congregations at Cumnock, 1777, and Edinburgh, 1786; chairman of reunion committee, 1820.

[108] Sir James Hall , fourth baronet (1761–1832), geologist and chemist; intimate with Button and Playfair: tested Huttonian system by study of continental and Scottish formations; refuted Wernerian views by laboratory experiments; president of Royal Society of Edinburgh; M.P., Mitchell or Michael, Cornwall, 1807-12; published Essay on Gothic Architecture 1813.

[109] James Hall (1800?–1854), amateur printer Tim of Sir James Hall; friend of Wilkie and Watson Gordon; exhibited Scottish landscapes and portraits, including Wellington (1838) and Scott, at Royal Academy, 1836-64; presented manuscript of Waverley to Advocates Library.

[110] John Hall or Halle (1529?–1568?), poet and medical writer; member of Worshipful Company of Chirurgeons; published metrical versions of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and some Psalms, 1549; translated Lanfranc's Chirurgia Parva 1565; published other medical tracts, of which one was reprinted, 1844.

[111] John Hall (1575–1635), physician, of Stratford-onAvon; married Susanna, Shakespeare's eldest daughter, 1607; with her acted as Shakespeare's executor, and inherited New Place; their daughter Elizabeth (d. 1670), Shakespeare's last direct descendant; his Select Observations on English Bodies, and Cures both Empericall and Historicall issued by James Cooke, 1657.

[112] John Hall (1627–1656), poet and pamphleteer; of Durham and St. John's College, Cambridge; friend of Hobbes and Samuel Hartlib; accompanied Cromwell to Scotland, 1650, and wrote The Grounds and Reasons of Monarchy and other political pamphlets. His works include Horse Vacivae, or Essays," 1646, Poems 1647 (reprinted, 1816), and Satire against Presbytery 1648.

[113] John Hall (d. 1707), author of 'Jacobs Ladder' (1676); fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1658; M.A.; B.D., 1666; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1664; president of Sion College; rector of Finchley, 1666.

[114] John Hall (d. 1707), criminal; sentenced to death for housebreaking, 1700; pardoned on condition of removing to America; deserted the ship and returned, 1704; executed at Tyburn; credited with Memoirs of the Right Villanous John Hall (published, 1708).

[115] John Hall (1633–1710), bishop of Bristol; nephew of Edmund and Thomas Hall (1610-1665); of Merchant Taylors School and Pembroke College, Oxford; scholar, fellow (1653), and master (1664-1710); M.A., : 1653; D.D., 1669; Margaret professor of divinity, 1676; bishop of Bristol, 1691-1710: the last puritan bishop; benefactor of his college and Bromsgrove.

[116] John Hall (1739–1797), line-engraver; executed plates in Bell's Shakespeare and British Theatre; exhibited with Incorporated Society of Artists, 1766-76; historical engraver to George III, 1785; engraved Benjamin West's works and portraits after Reynolds, Gainsborough, and others.

[117] Sir John Hall (1795–1866), army surgeon ; M.D. St. Andrews, 1846; principal medical officer in Eaffraria, 1847 and 1851, in Crimea, 1854-6; K.C.B. and inspectorgeneral of hospitals; defended Crimean medical service, 1857 and 1858: died at Pisa.

[118] John Vine Hall (1774–1860), author of 'The Sinner's Friend bookseller at Maidstone, 1814-50; his 'Sinner's Friendoriginally composed of extracts from Bogatzky, but completely rewritten in later editions, and translated into thirty languages.

[119] Joseph Hall (1574–1656), bishop of Exeter and Norwich; educated at Ashby-de-la-Zouch and Emmanuel College, Cambridge; fellow, 1695; M.A., 1596; D.D., 1612; published Virgidemiarum vol. i. 1597, vol. ii. 1598, satires (ed. Grosart, 1879): attacked by Mars ton, 1598; incumbent of Halsted, Suffolk. 1G01; accompanied Sir Edmund Bacon to Spa, 1605; chaplain to Henry, prince of Wales. 1608; incumbent of Waltham, Essex, 1608; chaplain to Lord Doncaster in France, 1616; dean of Worcester, 1616: accompanied James I to Scotland, 1617; deputy at synod of Dort, 1618; bishop of Exeter, 1627-41: conciliatory towards puritans; issued (with Laud's alteration) 'Divine Right of Episcopacy 1640; defended the liturgy both in the House of Lords and in controversy; member of the Lordscommittee on religion, 1641; bishop of Norwich, 1641-7; defended canons of 1640, and was impeached and imprisoned, 1642; his episcopal revenues were sequestrated, 1643, and his cathedral desecrated; expelled from his palace, c. 1647. Besides satires and controversial works against Brownists and presbyterians, he published poems (ed. Singer, 1824, Grosart, 1879), meditations, devotional works, and autobiographical tracts, also Observations of some Specialities of Divine Providence Hard Measure 1647, and The Shaking of the Olive Tree (po&thumous, 1660); collective editions issued, 1808, 1837, and 1863.

[120] Marshall Hall (1790–1857), physiologist, son of Robert Hall (1755-1827); M.D.Edinburgh, 1812; visited medical schools at Paris, Gottingen, and Berlin, 1814-15; practised in Nottingham, 1817-26; F.R.G.S., 1818; F.R.S., 1832; practised in London, 1826-63, making his speciality nervous diseases; F.R.C.P., 1841; Gulstonian lecturer, 1842, Croonian, 1850-2; prominent in foundation of British Association. During his investigations into the circulation of the blood he made his important discovery of reflex action, 1832, which he applied to the explanation of convulsive paroxysms. He rationalised the treatment of epilepsy, and introduced the ready method in asphyxia. Besides numerous scientific and medical works, he published * Twofold Slavery of the United States(1854). He devised the system now in use for restoring animation to the partially drowned.

[121] Peter Hall (1802–1849), diyine and topographer ; of Winchester and Brasenose College, Oxford; M.A., 1830: successively minister of Tavistock Chapel, Drury Lane, Long Acre Chapel, St. Martin's, and St. Thomas's, Waicot, Bath; edited Bishop Joseph Hall's works, 1837-9, and Satires (1838), also Bishop Andrewes's Preces private? (1848), someRemainsof Bishop Lowth of disputed authenticity: published topographical works on Winchester, Salisbury, Wimborne Minster, and the New Forest.

[122] Richard Hall (d. 1604), Roman catholic divine ; fellow of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1556; M.A., 1559; D.D. Rome; professor of holy scripture at Douay, and canon of St. Omer, where he died; hisLife of John Fisher, bishop of Rochester printed surreptitiously and incorrectly, 1655; published Latin writings on the revolt of the Netherlands and other works.

[123] Robert Hall (1763–1824), medical writer ; greatgrandson of Henry Hall (d. 1680) the covenanter; M.D. Edinburgh; naval surgeon on Jamaica station and medical officer to a Niger expedition; works include translation of Spallanzani on the Circulation 1801, and Guyton de Morveau's Means of Purifying Infected Air 1802.

[124] Robert Hall (1755–1827), first user of chlorine for bleaching, and inventor of a new crane,

[125] Robert Hall (1764–1831), baptist divine ; said to have preached when eleven; educated at baptist academy, Bristol, and King's College, Aberdeen; M.A. Aberdeen, 1784; assistant to Caleb Evans at Broadmead Chapel, 1785-90; succeeded Robert Robinson at Cambridge, 1791-1806; temporarily insane, 1804-5 and 1805-6; at Harvey Lane, Leicester, 1807-26; preached celebrated sermon on death of Princess Charlotte, 1817; D.D. Aberdeen, 1817; created much sensation by his Modern Infidelity considered with respect to its Influence on Society 1800; returned to Bristol, 1826; Fifty Sermons by him issued, 1843, Miscellaneous Works and Remains (Bohn), 1846.

[126] Robert Hall (1763–1836), raised Devon and Cornwall Fencibles, 1794.

[127] Rob Hall : RT (1817–1882), vice-admiral; entered navy, 1833; commanded the Stromboli in Baltic and Black Reaa, 1854-5; took part in Kertch expedition, 1855; naval secretary to admiralty, 1872-82.

[128] Samuel Hall (1769?-1852), 'the Sherwood Forest Patriarch cobbler at Sutton-in-Ashfield; invented machine for simultaneous sowing, manuring and pressing of turnip-seed.

[129] Samuel Hall (1781–1863), engineer and inventor ; son of Robert Hall (1755-1827); took out patent for gassing lace and net, 1817 and 1823, and for a surface condenser for use at sea, 1838.

[130] Samuel Carter Hall (1800–1889), author and editor; son of Robert Hall (1753-1836); left Cork for London, 1821; literary secretary to Ugo Foscoli. 1822, and a reporter in House of Lords, 1823; founded and edited The Amulet 1826-37; connected withNew Monthly Magazine 1830-6, edited Art Union Monthly (afterwards Art Journal, 1839-80; received civil list pension, 1880; published works, including Book of British Ballads 1842.Gallery of Modern Sculpture 1849-54, and Memoirs of Great Men and Women... from personal acquaintance 1871.

[131] Spencer Hall (1806–1875), librarian of the Athenaeum Club, 1833-75; F.S.A., 1858; among other works translated and edited Documents from Simancas relating to Reign of Elizabeth 1865.

[132] Spencer Timothy Hall (1812–1885), 'the Sherwood Forester'; son of Samuel Hall (1769?-l852); gained the co-editorship of the Iris and governorship of Hollis Hospital, Sheffield, by his Forester's Offering (1841), set up in type by himself; lectured on phrenology and mesmerism; published Mesmeric Experiences 1845; cured Harriet Martineau, 1844; issued Homoeopathy, a Testimony 1852; received degrees from Tubingen; published miscellaneous works.

[133] Thomas Hall (1610–1665), ejected minister; uncle of John Hall (1633-1710); B.A. Pembroke College, Oxford, 1629; B.D., 1652; perpetual curate and master of the grammar school, King's Norton; signed Baxter's Worcestershire petition; ejected, 1662; wrote against unlicensed preachers, indiscriminate baptism, Fifth-monarchy men, and cavalier customs.

[134] Thomas Hall (1660?–1719?), Roman catholic divine; brother of William Hall (d. 1718 ?); D.D. Paris; philosophy professor at Douay, 1688-90; died at Paris.

[135] Timothy Hall (1637?–1690), titular bishop of Oxford; B.A. Pembroke College, Oxford; ejected from Norwood and Southam, 1662; afterwards conformed; incumbent of Allhallows Staining, 1677; denied installation to bishopric of Oxford by canons of Christ Church, 1688; read the declaration of indulgence at Staining, 1687.

[136] Westley Hall (1711–1776), eccentric divine; pupil of John Wesley at Lincoln College, Oxford; married Wesley's sister Martha after engaging himself to Keziah; active in management of methodist society, but adopted Moravian views and (1743) formed new society at Salisbury; afterwards preached deism and polygamy; disturbed Charles Wesley's meetings at Bristol, 1750-1.

[137] William Hall (d. 1700), violinist; son of Henry Hall the elder

[138] William Hall (d. 1718?), Carthusian; chaplain and preacher in ordinary to James II; afterwards prior of Nieuwpoort, in Flanders.

[139] William Hall (1748–1825), poet and antiquary; gozzard and cow-leech in the fens; afterwards bookseller at Lynn; published Sketch of Local History 1812), and Reflections upon Times, and Times, and Times 1816-18.

[140] William Edward Hall (1835 - 1894), legal writer; M.A. University College, Oxford, 1859; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1861; travelled widely, making valuable collection illustrative of the archaeology of art; published International Law 1880, and other writings; elected member of Institut de Droit International, 1882.

[141] Sir William Hutcheon Hall (1797?–1878), admiral; with Basil Hall in China, 1815-17; employed in steamboats on the Hudson and Delaware, 183o-9: 1 in command of the Nemesis (paddle-steamer); rendered valuable service in Chinese war, 1840-3, and was given naval rank; F.R.S., 1847: commanded the Heola and the Blenheim in the Baltic, 1854-6; K.C.B., 1871; admiral, 1879; admiral, 1875; published pamphlets on SailorsHomes and National Defences.

[142] Sir William King Hall (1816–1886), admiral ; mate of the Benbow under Houston Stewart at bombardment of Acre, 1840; flag-captain to Napier and Sir M. Seymour in the Baltic, 1854-6; distinguished himself during second Chinese war, 1856-8; K.C.B., 1871; admiral, 1879; commander at the Nore, 1877-9.

[143] Henry Hall-Houghton (1823–1889). See Houghton.

[144] John Hall-Stevenson (1718 - 1785). See Stevenson.

[145] Margaret Mary Hallahan (1803–1868), foundress of the English congregations of St. Catherine of Sienn: founded five convents in England, besides schools, churches, and orphanages.

[146] Arthur Henry Hallam (1811–1833), subject of Tennyson's In Memoriam; elder son of Henry Hallam ; educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he met Tennyson; studied at the Inner Temple; died suddenly at Vienna (buried at Clevedon). His l Remains issued, 1834.

[147] Henry Hallam (1777–1859), historian ; educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1799; barrister; commissioner of stamps; treasurer of the Statistical Society: vice-president of the Society of Antiquaries; occasionally contributed to Edinburgh Review; published State of Europe during the Middle Ages 1818,Constitutional History of England from Henry VII's Accession to the death of George II 1827, and Introduction to Literature of Europe 1837-9, besides a privately printed memoir of his son Arthur.

[148] Henry Fitzmaurice Hallam (1824–1850), younger son of Henry Hallam; of Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge; second chancellor's medallist; founder of theHistoricaldebating club, and one of the 'Apostles friend of Maine and Franklin Lushington: died suddenly at Rome; buried at Clevedon.

[149] John Hallam (d. 1537), conspirator; took part in Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536; rebel governor of Hull; hanged for participation in the second pilgrimage.

[150] Robert Hallam or Hallum (d. 1417), bishop of Salisbury; prebendary of Salisbury, 1395, of York, 1400; archdeacon of Canterbury, 1400; chancellor of Oxford University, 1403; his nomination by the pope as archbishop of York disallowed by the king, 1405; bishop of Salisbury, 1407-17; one of the English representatives at council of Pisa, 1409; took lead of English nation at council of Constance, 1414, opposing John XXII and urging consideration of ecclesiastical reform before election of a new pope; died at Gottlieben Castle, and was buried in Constance Cathedral.

[151] Sir Charles Halle (Carl Halle) (1819–1895), pianist and conductor; born at Hagen, Westphalia; t.udied under Rinck and Gottfried Weber at Darmstadt; performed with Alard and Franchomme in Paris: visited England, 1843, and made it his home, 1848, settling at Manchester; fulfilled numerous engagements as conductor, Halle's orchestra, instituted 1857, at Manchester, becoming celebrated in north of England; began series of pianoforte recitals, 1850; first principal, Royal College of Music, Manchester, 1893; honorary LL.D. Edinburgh, 1880; knighted, 1888.

[152] John Halle (d. 1479), merchant of Salisbury; mayor of Salisbury, 1451, 1458, 1464, and 1466; M.P., Salisbury, 1453, 1460, and 1461; the ball of his house in New Canal, Salisbury, still remains with its stained glass.

[153] Joseph Hallett or Hallet I(1628?–1689), ejected minister; held the sequestered living of West Chin nock, Somerset, 1656-63; fined and imprisoned under Conventicle Act, 1673; first presbyterian minister at Exeter.

[154] Joseph Hallett or Hallet II (1656–1722), nonconformist minister of Exeter; son of Joseph Hallett or Hallet (1628?-1689); pastor of James's meeting, 1713; his academy reputed Unitarian; James Foster ami ivt.-r King (afterwards lord chancellor) among hid pupils.

[155] Joseph Hallett or Hallet III (1691?-1744), nonconformist; son of Joseph Hallett or Hallet (1656-1722); corresponded with Whiston and adopted his form of unitarianiam; from 1722 pastor at Exeter; published Free and Impartial Study of the Holy Scriptures 1729-36, and controversial tracts.

[156] Edmund Halley (1656–1743), astronomer; educated at St. Paul's School and Queen's College, Oxford; laid the foundation of southern astronomy during residence in St. Helena, 1676-8, and made the first complete observation of a transit of Mercury, 1677; published on his return Catalogue Stellarum Australium 1678; M.A. Oxford, 1678; F.R.8., 1678; arbitrated at Danzig between Hooke and Hevelius, 1679; made observations of the comet of 1680; travelled in Italy, 1681; originated (by his suggestions) Newton's Principia which he introduced to the Royal Society, and published (1687) at his own expense, correcting all the proofs; assistant-secretary to the Royal Society and editor of itsTransactions 1685-93, contributing first detailed description of trade winds; while deputycontroller of the mint at Chester, 1696-8, ascended Snowdon to test his method of determining heights by the barometer; in command of the Paramour Pink explored Atlantic, and prepared General Chart of variation of compass with the Halleyan lines 1699-1701; surveyed coasts and tides of British Channel and published map, 1702; inspected harbours of Adriatic for Emperor Leopold; Savilian professor of geometry at Oxford, 1703; D.C.L. Oxford, 1710; a leading member of committee which prepared Flamsteed's observations for the press, and editor of first (1712) version of Flamsteed's Historia Coelestis; predicted accurately total solar eclipse of 1715; observed eclipse and great aurora, 1715; secretary to Royal Society, 1713; astronomer royal, 1721: foreign member of Academic des Sciences, 1729. His lunar and planetary tables appeared posthumously, 1749,Astronomise Cometicse Synopsis (1705) being reprinted with them. He accurately predicted the return in 1758 of the comet of 1531, 1607, and 1682, first recommended employment of transits of Venus for ascertaining the sun's distance, and demonstrated (1686) law connecting atmospheric elevation with density. In addition be originated the science of life statistics byBreslau Table of Mortality and that of physical geography by his scientific voyages.

[157] Robert Halley (1796–1876), nonconformist divine and historian; classical tutor at Highbury College, 1826-39; D.D., 1834; minister of Mosley Street Chapel, Manchester, 1839 (Cavendish Street, 1848); chairman of Congregational Union, 1855; principal of New College, St. John's Wood, 1857-72; published Lancashire: its Puritanism and Nonconformity 1869.

[158] Sir Andrew Halliday (1781–1839), physician; i M.D. Edinburgh, 1806; served with Portuguese in the Peninsula and with British at Waterloo; L.R.C.P., 1819; i knighted, 1821; domestic physician to Duke of Clarence; 1 inspector of West Indian hospitals, 1823; wrote on lunatic I asylums (1808 and 1828), the campaign of 1815, and the West Indies (1837).

[159] Andrew Halliday (1830–1877), essayist and dramatist; son of William Duff, but dropped his surname; educated at Aberdeen; contributed to the magazines; president of Savage Club, 1857, and editor of Savage Club Papers 1868-9; collaborated with William Brough in The Area Belle and other farces; produced also The Great City (1867), domestic dramas, and adaptations from Dickens and Scott.

[160] Michael Frederick Halliday (1822–1869), amateur artist; one of the first English eight in the rifleshooting competition at Wimbledon for the Elcho shield, 1862: an early pre-Raphaelite; exhibited at the Royal Academy.

[161] Samuel Hallifax (1733–1790), bishop of Gloucester and St. Asaph; third wrangler and chancellor's medallist at Cambridge, 1754: fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1766-60, of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1760-76; M.A., 1757; LL.D., 1764; D.D., 1775; held both professorships of Arabic, 1768-70, and chair of civil law, 17701882; letters of Erasmus in favour of continued subscription to Thirty-nine Articles attributed to him, 1772; chaplain to the king, 1774; rectorof Warsop, 1778; bishop of Gloucester, 1781-9, of St. Asapln 1789-90; his 'Analysis of the Roman Civil Law(1774) reissued with additions.

[162] Sir Thomas Hallifax (1721–1789), lord mayor of London; prime warden of Goldsmiths Company, 17681769; knighted: as sheriff of London acted as returning officer when Wilkes was elected for Middlesex, 1769; one of the court nominees for the mayoralty against him, 1772; lord mayor, 1776-7; opposed press-gang system; M.P., Aylesbury, 1784-9.

[163] William Hallifax (1656?–1722), divine; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1682; M.A., 1678; D.D., 1695; chaplain at Aleppo, 1688-96; rector of Old Swinf ord, 1699, and vicar of Salwarpe; his account of Palmyra printed in Philosophical Transactions 1695; bequeathed books and collections to Corpus Christi College.

[164] Henry Halliwell (1765–1835), classical scholar; M.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1789; fellow, 1790; rector of Olayton-cum-Keymer, 1803; assisted the Falconers with their edition of Strabo (1807) see FALCONER, THOMAS, 1772-1839; satirised by Heber in the Whippiad 1843.

[165] James Orchard Halliwell afterwards Halliwell-Phillips (1820–1889), biographer of Shakespeare; scholar and librarian of Jesus College, Cambridge; published Life and Inventions of Sir Samuel Morland 1838, and an edition of Mandeville's Travels 1839; F.S.A. and F.R.S., 1839; in 1840-1 prepared for press twenty-three works, including three tracts on Cambridge manuscripts, Rara Mathematical and his earliest Shakespearean works; edited works for Camden Society, 18391844, Percy Society, 1842-50 (including Nursery Rhymes of England), and Shakespeare Society; catalogued Ghetham Library manuscripts, 1841-2; married Henrietta, daughter of Sir Thomas Phillipps, 1842, whose surname he assumed thirty years later; LL.D. Edinburgh, 1883. His Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words appeared, 1846,Life of Shakespeare 1848,New Boke about Shakespeare and Stratford-on-Avon 1850; folio edition of Shakespeare, 1853-65, lithograph facsimiles of the Shakespeare quartos, 1862-71,Dictionary of Old English Plays 1860, Illustrations of the Life of Shakespeare pt. i. 1874, andOutlines of the Life(private issue), 1881; published, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1887. He arranged and described the Stratford-on-Avon archives, and wrote much on the history of the town, besides initiating the movement (1863) for purchase of the site of New Place, Shakespeare's residence there.

[166] Lawrence Hynes Halloran or O'Halloran (1766–1831), author; published poems, 1790-1, and 1801; chaplain to Earl of Northesk at Trafalgar, 1805; dismissed from chaplaincy to forces at Cape Town for his Capabilities, or South African Characteristics 1811; transported for forging a frank, 1818.

[167] Benjamin Hallowell (1760–1834). See Sir Benjamin Hallowell Carew.

[168] John James Halls (fl. 1791–1834), painter; his Witch and full-length of Charles Kean in Richard III engraved by Charles Turner; published lives of Henry Salt, F.R.S. (1834) and Nathaniel Pearce (1831).

[169] John Edmond Halpen or Halpin (fl. 1780), painter; son of Patrick Halpen

[170] Patrick Halpen or Halpin (fl. 1750–1790), line-engraver.

[171] Charles Graham Halpin or Halpine (1829-1868), writer under name of Miles O'Reilly; son of Nicholas John Halpin: emigrated from Ireland, 1851; journalist at Boston, Washington, and New York, where he edited the Times and from 1851 the Leader: enlisted in federal army, 1861; assistant-adjutant-general to General David Hunter and General Henry W. Halleck; publishedLife and Adventures, fec., of Private Miles O'Reilly (1864) and Baked Meats of the Funeral... by Private M. O'Reilly (1866): registrar of New York county, 1867-8; died from an overdose of chloroform.

[172] Nicholas John Halpin (1790–1860), author; B.A. Dublin, 1815; edited Dublin Evening Mail; published three works of Shakespearean criticism and Observations on certain Passages in the Life of Edmund Spenser 1850.

[173] William Hals (1655–1737?), Cornish writer: grandson of Sir Nicholas Halse; made collections for History of Cornwall part ii., published about 1760.

[174] Sir Nicholas Halse (d. 1636), inventor of new mode of drying malt and hops by iron plates; knighted, I 1605; governor of Pendennis Castle, 1C08; left in manuscriptGreat Britain's Treasure

[175] Keeley Halswelle (1832–1891), artist; engaged as book illustrator; exhibited at Royal Scottish ; Academy from 1857; A.R.S.A., 1866; subsequently exhibited many landscapes at Roval Academy; member of Institute of Painters in Oils, 1882.

[176] Daniel Halsworth or Holdsworth (1558?-1595?), classical scholar; of the English colleges of Douay and Rome; theologian to St. Charles Borromeo; made Greek translation of Virgil's Bucolics, 1591, and Latin version of epigrams of Archias, 1596; died at Rome.

[177] Immanuel Halton (1628–1699), astronomer; auditor to the household of Thomas, earl of Arundel; friend of Flamsteed, who communicated to Royal Society Halton's observations of a solar eclipse, 1675.

[178] Halton or Halghton (d. 1324), bishop; prior of St. Mary's, Carlisle; bishop of Carlisle, 1292-1324; ambassador to King John of Scotland, 1295; excommunicated Bruce for murder of Comyn, 1309; sat in Lancaster's council, 1318; envoy to Scotland, 1320; his register still preserved.

[179] Timothy Halton (1632?–1704), provost of Queen's College, Oxford; probably brother of Immanuel Halton; fellow of Queen's College, Oxford, 1657; D.D., 1674; archdeacon of Brecknock, 1672, of Oxford, 1675; provost of Queen's College, Oxford, 1677-1704; vice-chancellor of Oxford, 1679-81 and 1685.

[180] George Halyburton (d. 1682), Scots nonconformist minister; ejected, 1662.

[181] James Halyburton or Haliburton (1518-1589), provost of Dundee; M.A. St. Andrews, 1538; distinguished at capture of Broughty Castle, 1549; provost of Dundee, 1553-86; captured by the Grahams in Liddesdale, 1556, but soon rescued; a lord of the congregation; commander of musters of Fife and Forfar against the queen regent, 1559; took part in defence of Edinburgh, and signedlast band at Leith and (1561) first Book of Discipline; commissioner to administer Act of Oblivion, 1563; joined Moray's movement against Darnley marriage; present at Langside, 1568, and at Restalrig, 1571; afterwards captured by queen's forces and barely escaped execution, 1571; Morton's representative at conference of 1578; privy councillor, 1582; one of the king's commissioners to general assembly, 1582 and 1588.

[182] Thomas Halyburton (1674–1712), theologian; son of George Halyburton; educated at Rotterdam and St. Andrews; professor of divinity at St. Leonard's College, 1710-12; his writings against deists reissued, 1865, as Essay on the Ground or formal Reason of a saving Faith hisMemoirs(2nd ed., 1716) frequently reprinted; works collected, 1835.

[183] John Hamboys (fl. 1470). See Hanboys.

[184] Henry de Hambury (d. 1330), justice of common pleas in Ireland, c. 1324; chief-justice, 1327; judge of the king's bench (England), 1328.

[185] Philip Gilbert Hamerton (1834–1894), artist and essayist; studied art in London: resided on isle of Innistrynich, Loch Awe, 1858; published A Painter's Camp in the Highlands 1862; art critic toSaturday i Review; established with Mr Richmond Seeley, the publisher The Portfolio periodical, 1869; directed Portfolio till his death; LL.D. Aberdeen, 1894. He published two novels, besides numerous valuable contributions to art literature. His autobiography was completed and published by hia widow, 1897.

[186] Baldwin Hamey, the elder (1568–1640), physician to the tsar of Muscovy; M.D. Leyden 1610.

[187] Baldwin Hamey, the younger (1600-1676), physician; son of Baldwin Hamey the elder; M.D. Leyden, 1626, Oxford, 1629; visited Paris, Montpelier, and Padua; F.R.C.P., 1633; eight times censor; treasurer, 1664-6; Gulstonian lecturer, 1647; benefactor of the Royal College of Physicians; left manuscript account of contemporary physicians; his dissertation on the OOKOSIwjroirpaTovs edited 1693. eleventh DUKE, 1811-63. Arraii; accompanied his father in duel with Mobun, 1707, and himself fought General Macartney; settled in Switzerland; died at Paris; Transactions during the Reign of Anne (1790) attributed to him, but written by his son.

[188] Alexander Hamilton (d. 1732?), merchant and author; published New Account of the East Indies

[189] Alexander Hamilton (1739-1802), professor ' Calvi, and San Fiorenzo (1793), the Melpomene on Dutch of midwifery at Edinburgh University; deacon of the I coast, and at capture of Goree and in West Indies, 1799 Edinburgh College of Surgeons; professor of midwifery, 1802; vice-admiral, 1814: admiral, 1830; M.P., Edinburgh, 1780-1800; chief founder of Lying-in Hospital, 1791; published treatises on midwifery.

[190] Alexander Hamilton (1762–1824), orientalist ; while hostage in France drew up for Paris Library analytical catalogue of Sanskrit manuscripts, and taught the language to Schlegel and Fauriel; F.R.S., 1808; professor of Sanskrit and Hindoo literature at Haileybury; published works on Sanskrit.

[191] Andrew Hamilton (d. 1691), rector and prebendary of Kilskerry, 1666; raised troops against James II; published True Relation of the Actions of the Inniskilling Men 1690.

[192] Anne Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton (1636 gannon, 1801-7, Honiton, 1807-12; governor of Newfoundland, 1818-24.

[193] Anthony Hamilton (1646?-1720), author of 'Memoires du Comte de Grammont third son of Sir George Hamilton; as governor of Limerick, 1685, openly went to mass; privy councillor, 1686; commanded I Jacobite dragoons at Enniskillen and Newtown Butler, 1689; present at the Boyne, 1690; spent the rest of his j life at St. Germain-en- Laye, being intimate with Berwick; j addressed letters and verses to the Duchess of Berwick and Laura Bulkeley, and wrote for Henrietta Bulkeley four satirical Contes in French. His Epistle to the Comte de Grammont (bis brother-in-law) announcing intention of writing bis memoirs was approved by Boileau, 1705. i The Memoires appeared anonymously, 1713, and were edited by Horace Walpole, 1772, Sir Walter Scott, 1811, and M. de Lescure, 1876; CEuvres Completes were issued, 1749-76.

[194] Archibald Hamilton (d. 1593), Roman catholic controversialist; disputed publicly with Knox; pnblished Latin works against Scottish Calvinists and a treatise on Aristotle; died at Rome.

[195] Archibald Hamilton (1580?–1659); archbishop of Cashel and Emly; D.D. Glasgow; bishop of Killala and Achonry, 1623; archbishop of Cashel and Emly, 1630; after rebellion of 1641 fled to Sweden, where he died.

[196] Lord Archibald Hamilton (1770-1827), politician; Christ Church, Oxford, 1796 ; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1799; M.P., Lanarkshire, 1802-27; published pamphlet (1804) condemning Pitt's second ministry and that of Addington; moved vote of censure on Castlereagh as president of board of control, 1809; carried resolution for referring petition from Scottish royal burghs to select committee, 1819; moved insertion of Queen Caroline's name in the liturgy, 1820.

[197] Charles Hamilton (by courtesy Lord Binning) (1697-1733), poet; son of Thomas Hamilton, sixth earl of Haddington; fought for government at Sheriffmuir, 1715; M.P., St. Germans, 1722; died at Naples;

[198] Charles Hamilton (1753?–1792), orientalist: in military service of East India Company; published historical work on the Rohilla Afghans (1787), and translation of the Persian Hedaya 1791.

[199] Charles Hamilton, second baronet (1767-1849), admiral; commanded the Dido at sieges of Bastia,

[200] Charles William Hamilton (1670–1754), painter at Augsburg; son of James Hamilton (fl. 16401680) of Murdieston.

[201] Claud Hamilton, Baron Paisley (1543?-1622), known as Lord Claud Hamilton; fourth son of James Hamilton, duke of Chatelherault; convoyed Mary Queen of Scots from Lochleven to Niddry and Hamilton, 1568, and (probably) led the van for her at Langside, 1568; concerned in plot by which Moray was assassinated, 1670; led attempt to capture Lennox and king's lords at Stirling, 1671; recovered his estates by pacification of Perth, 1573; privy to plot against Morton, 1578; denounced by council 1716), daughter of the first Duke of Hamilton; married j for murder of the regents; fled to England, 1579; took William Douglas (1635-1694), who became on her j part in Gowrie conspiracy, 1584; recalled from Paris by petition Duke of Hamilton. j James VI, 1686; with Huntly shared leadership of Scottish lady-in-; I land, 1820; her Secret History of the Court(1832), published in her name, but without her sanction.

[202] Sir David Hamilton (1663–1721), physician to Queen Anne; M.D. Rbeims, 1686; F.R.C.P., 1703; F.R.S., 1708; knighted; published religions and medical tracts.

[203] David Hamilton (1768–1843), architect; designed many buildings in western Scotland, including Hamilton Palace, Lennox Castle, and the Glasgow Exchange.

[204] Dukes of Hamilton. See HAMILTON, JAMES, his pastoral Ungrateful Nanny ' in Ritoon's Scottish first DUKK, 1606-1649; HAMILTON, WILLIAM, second Duke 1616–1651 ; DOUGLAS, WILLIAM, third DUKK, 1635- _ . ___ _ A _ 1694?DouGLAS, JAMES, fourth DUKE, 1658-1712; Dou- j HAMILTON CHARLES (1691-1754), historian: OLAS, ALEXANDER HAMILTON, tenth DUKE, 1767-1852; natural son of James Douglas, fourth duke of HamilDOUOLAS, WILLIAM ALEXANDER ANTHONY ARCHIBALD,, ton 1- V 0, and Lady _ Barbara Fiteroy; styled Count L.R.C.P., 1610.

[205] Sir Edward Hamilton, first baronet (1772–1851), admiral; brother of Sir Charles Hamilton; while in command of Surprise said to have taken or destroyed eighty privateers and merchantmen, 1797-9; knighted and awarded the freedom of the city for cutting out the Hermione at Puerto Gabello, 1799; captured by French, but exchanged; engaged in blockading northern French coast, 1801; dismissed the service for inflicting excessive punishment, 1802, but specially reinstated, 1802; commanded royal yacht and Prince Regent, 1806-19; created baronet, 1818; vice-admiral, 1837; admiral, 1846.

[206] Elizabeth Hamilton, Comtesse de Gramont (1641-1708),la belle Hamilton sister of Anthony Hamilton, who brought about her marriage with Philibert, comte de Grammont, 1663; lived in France from 1664.

[207] Elizabeth Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton, afterwards of Argyll (1734-1790).

[208] Elizabeth Hamilton (1758–1816), author; tician; brother of Lady Anne Hamilton; M.A. sister of Charles Hamilton (1753 ?-1792); published 'The Hindoo Rajah 1796, Memoirs of Modern Philosophers 1800, and several educational works, besides The Cottagers of Glenburnie (1808) and My ain Fireside! (song).

[209] Lady Emma Hamilton (1761?–1815), wife of Sir William Hamilton ( 1730-1803) the ambassador; n&Lyon; went to London, 1778, probably as a nursemaid to family of Dr. Richard Build; said to have been the -Goddess of Healthin exhibition of James Graham (1745-1794); lived under protection of Sir Harry Fetherstonhaugh and Hon. Charles Greville as Emily Hart, 1780-4; refined by innocent intimacy with Romney, 1782; became mistress of Sir William Hamilton at Naples, 1786, and was married to him in England, 1791; intimate with Queen Maria Carolina at Naples; first saw Nelson, 1793: intimate with Nelson on his return from the Nile, 1798; together with her husband accompanied Nelson to Palermo, 1800, and afterwards to England, giving birth to Horatia, 30 Jan. 1801; received the cross of Malta from the czar for supposed services to the Maltese, 1799; claimed to have rendered important political services while at Naples, but these claims, although endorsed by Nelson, were ignored by British ministry; involved in debt by her extravagances, in spite of legacies from Nelson and Hamilton; assisted by Alderman Joshua J. Smith to escape from king's bench to Calais, where she died in obscurity.

[210] Ferdinand Philip Hamilton (1664–1760), painter to Charles V at Vienna; eldest sou of James Hamilton (. 1640-1680) of Murdieston.

[211] Francis Hamilton (1762–1829). See Buchanan.

[212] Gavin Hamilton (1561?–1612), bishop of Galloway; graduated at St. Andrews, 1584; minister of Hamilton; bishop of Galloway, 1605 (consecrated, 1610); dean of Chapel Royal, Holyrood, 1606.

[213] Gavin Hamilton (1730–1797), painter and excavator; lived principally at Rome; during short residence in London member of committee for forming Royal Academy, 1755; occasionally exhibited at the Royal Academy; his Apollo seen at International Exhibition of 1862; published Schola Italica Picture 1773; carried on excavations at Hadrian's villa below Tivoli, Monte Cagnuolo, the district of the Alban hills and the territory of ancient Gabii, selling his finds to the Museo Pio-Clementino, the Tpwnley collection, Lord Lansdowne, and other collectors; hie marbles now in the Louvre.

[214] Gavin Hamilton (1753–1805), friend of Burns; prominent in New Light dispute in Mauchline: defended in Burns's theological satires.

[215] Sir George Hamilton , first baronet (rf. 1679), royalist; fourth son of James Hamilton, first earl of Abercorn; created an Irish baronet, 1660, for services during the rebellion.

[216] Lord George Hamilton, Earl of Orkney (1666-1737), general; fifth son of William Douglas, third duke of Hamilton; distinguished under William III in Ireland and Flanders; severely wounded at Namur, 1695, and promoted brigadier; married (1695) Elizabeth Villiers, William's mistress; created a Scottish peer, 1696; lieutenant-general, 1704; K.T., 1704; captured 12,000 men and 1,300 officers at Blenheim, 1704; saved citadel of Liege, 1705; led pursuit after Ramillies, 1706; prominent at Oudenarde, 1706, favouring immediate advance on Paris; commanded the van at passage of Scheldt, 1708; opened attack at Malplaquet, 1709; elected a Scottish representative peer, 1707; privy councillor, 1710; lord of the bedchamber, 1714; governor of Virginia, 1714; fieldmarshal, 1736.

[217] George Hamilton (1783–1830), biblical scholar; fourth son of Hugh Hamilton (1729-1805); M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1821; rector of Killermogh, 1809-1830; published Introduction to Study of the Hebrew Scriptures 1813, Codex Criticus of the Hebrew Bible 1821, and controversial tracts.

[218] George Alexander Hamilton (1802-1871), politician; of Rugby and Trinity College, Oxford; B.A., 1821; D.O.L., 1853; elected on petition for Dublin, 1836; sat for Dublin University, 1843-59; formed Conservative Society for Ireland; presented protestant petition of 1837; financial secretary to treasury, 1852, and 1858-9: permanent secretary, 1859; privy councillor, 1869.

[219] Gustavus Hamilton, Viscount Boyne (1639-1723), grandson of Claud Hamilton, baron Paisley; defended Enniskillen and Coleraine against Jacobites, 1689; commanded a regiment at the Boync, 1690, Athlone, 1691, and Vigo, 1707; major-general, 1703; privy councillor under William III. Anne, and George I; created Irish baron, 1715; created Viscount Boyne in Irish peerage, 1717.

[220] Henry Parr Hamilton (1794–1880), dean of Salisbury; sou of Alexander Hamilton (1739 -1802); fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge: ninth wrangler, 1816; M.A., 1819; rector of Wath, Yorkshire, and incumbent (1833-44) of St. Mary the Great, Cambridge; F.R.S., 1828; contributed largely to restoration of his cathedral; published educational pamphlets and works on analytical geometry and conic sections,

[221] Hugh Hamilton or Hugo, first Baron Hamilton of Glenawley (d. 1679), soldier; having served in Swedish army was naturalised and ennobled; created an Irish peer, 1660; settled in Ireland.

[222] Hugh Hamilton, Baron Hamilton in Sweden (d. 1724), Swedish general; nephew of Hugh Hamilton (d. 1679); distinguished himself against the Danes, 1710, and Russians, 1719; ancestor of Swedish counts.

[223] Hugh Hamilton (1729-1805), bishop of Clonfert and Ossory; M.A. Dublin, 1750; D.D., 1762; fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1751-64; professor of natural philosophy, 1759; dean of Armagh, 1768-96; F.R.S.; bishop of Clonfert, 1796-9, of Ossory, 1799; collected works issued, 1809.

[224] Hugh Douglas Hamilton (1734?-1806); portrait-painter; exhibited with Incorporated Society (1771, and 1773-5) and Free Society of Artists, 1772; went to Rome, 1778; returned to Dublin, 1791.

[225] Sir James Hamilton, of Cadzow, first Baron Hamilton (d. 1479), connected, with house of Douglas by his marriage with widow of fifth earl and that of her daughter (Fair Maid of Galloway) with William, eighth earl; lord of parliament, 1445; accompanied the eighth Earl of Douglas to Rome, 1450, and attended him to his fatal meeting with James II at Stirling, 1452; joined James, ninth earl of Douglas, in renunciation of allegiance and subsequent submission, J453; advised another rebellion, but went over to the king owing to Douglas's weakness; commissioner for peace with England and sheriff of Lanarkshire, 1455; married Mary Stewart, sister of James III, 1469.

[226] James Hamilton, second Baron Hamilton and first Earl of Arran (1477?-1529), son of Sir James 1 Hamilton, first baron Hamilton; made privy councillor by James IV, whose marriage with Margaret Tudor he negotiated, 1503: created Earl of Arran for skill in tournament, 1503; when lieutenant-general of Scotland helped to reduce Western Isles (1504) and tore-establish king of Denmark: detained in England by Henry VII after embassy to France, 1507; during minority of James V opposed Angus and the English party; plotted against the regent Albany; president of council of regency during Albany's absence in France, 1517-20: defeated in attempt to overpower Angus in Edinburgh, 1520: again member of council of regency, 1622, and lieutenant of the south; joined queen-dowager in ousting Albany and proclaiming James V, 1624; compelled by Henry VIII to re-admit Angus to council: supported Angus against Lennox, 1526, but on escape of James V from the Douglases received Both well from Angus's forfeited estates.

[227] Sir James Hamilton, of Finnart (d. 1540), royal architect; natural son of James Hamilton, second baron Hamilton; prominent as the Bastard of Arran in his father's feuds with the Douglases, especially at Cleanse the Causeway 1520; assassinated Lennox when a prisoner after Linlithgow, 1526; legitimated by James V, as designer of Craignethan and restorer of Linlithgow and Falkland; executed for alleged plot to murder the king.

[228] James Hamilton, second Earl of Arran and Duke of Châtelherault (d. 1576), governor of Scotland; eldest son of James Hamilton, second baron Hamilton; chosen governor of Scotland (as second person in the realm, 1542: for a short time head of the English party, but came to terms with Cardinal David Beaton, 1543: successfully resisted trans! power to queen-dowager, 1545; created Duke of Chatelherault, 1548; obliged to abdicate regency, 1654; returned to English alliance on capture of Edinburgh by lords of congregation, 1559; revived his project for marriage of his son with Queen Mary on her arrival in Scotland: for his opposition to Darnley marriage banished to France, 1566; returned to Scotland, 1669, as supporter of the queen and was imprisoned with Moray.

[229] James Hamilton, of Bothwellhaugh (fl. 1566-1580), assassin of the regent Moray: captured at Langside, 1568, but pardoned at Knox's intercession; shot the regent Moray at Linlithgow, 1570 see STEWART, LORD JAMES, 1531-1570; escaped to France and tried to obtain aid for Mary; exoepted from pacification of Perth: refused to assist in murder of Coligny, but acted as agent for the Spanish kinir in attempts on life of William the Silent, 1573 and 1575; disinherited; probably died abroad.

[230] James Hamilton, third Earl of Arran (1530-1609), eldest son of James, second earl of Arran; proposed by Henry VIII as husband for Princess Elizabeth, 1643, but destined by his father for Mary Queen of Scots; served in Scots guards in France, 1550-8; distinguished at St. Quentin, 1557; styled Earl of Arran after 1553; became a protestant while in France, and by Knox's advice was brought to England to confer with the government, 1558; despatched secretly to Scotland, 1569; strengthened his father in protestant policy; with Lord James Stuart (Moray) attempted to capture Bothwell, and by defending Dysart saved Fife from the French; took part in siege of Leith, and signed the last bandand the first Book of Discipline; again made proposals for hand of Elizabeth, 1560-1; on Knox's advice renewed also his suit to Mary; reconciled with Bothwell by Knox, 1562; revealed to latter alleged advice of Bothwell to him to carry off Mary, marry her, and murder Moray and Maitland, 1562; imprisoned till 1666, now almost insane; afterwards lived in retirement at Craignethan till brought to Linlithgow by James VI, 1579.

[231] James Hamilton, first Earl of Abercorn (d. 1617), son of Claud Hamilton, baron Paisley; gentleman of the bedchamber to James VI; privy councillor (as master of Paisley, 1598; sheriff of Linlithgow, 1600; created Baron Abercorn (Scotland), 1603; created earl for services as commissioner for union with England, 1606.

[232] James Hamilton, second Marquis of Hamilton (1589-1625); succeeded his father, Lord John Hamilton, as marquis, 1604, and his uncle as Earl of Arran, 1609; privy councillor of Scotland, 1613, of England, 1617; created an English peer (Earl of Cambridge), 1619: advocated leniency to Bacon, 1621: as high commissioner to Scottish parliament, 1621, carried Five Articles of Perth; a commissioner for marriage of Prince Charles to the Spanish Infanta, 1623; lord-steward, 1624: opposed Buckingham's French policy, 1624; said to have been poisoned by Buckingham.

[233] James Hamilton, first Viscount Clanboyne in Irish peerage (1569-1643), Ulster planter: educated at St. Andrews University; despatched by James VI on secret mission to Ireland, 1587; carried on Latin school in Dublin, which Ussher attended: original fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1592; James VI's agent in London, 1600: knighted and given large grants in Ulster, 1605: M.P., co. Down, 1613: commissioner for plantation of Longford, 1619; created Irish peer, 1622; granted dissolved monastery of Bangor, 1630; privy councillor, 1634; armed Scots in Ulster, 1641.

[234] James Hamilton, third Marquis and first Duke of Hamilton in the Scottish peerage, second Earl of Cambridge in the English peerage (1606-1649), succeeded as third marquis, 1625; master of the horse, 1628: privy councillor, 1628; commanded British force under Gustavus Adolphus, 1630-4: as Charles I's adviser on Scottish affairs, persuaded him to revoke the prayer-book, canons, and high commission, and to call a parliament, 1638; commanded against covenanters, but resigned commissionership, 1639; carried on intrigues between Charles and covenanters, and opposed Strafford and Montrose: allied himself (1641) for a time with Argyll, but ( I-, W) endeavoured to prevent Soote from supporting English parliament: refused to take the covenant. i43, and joiiml the kin- m oxford, but was imprisoned, 1644; liberated by Fairfax, 1646; again attempted to mediate between Charles and the Scots, 1646: led Scottish army into England, but was defeated at Preston, 1648; condemned and executed, 1649.

[235] James Hamilton (d. 1666), divine; educated at Glasgow University; incumbent of Ballywalter, 1626-36; deposed for heresy after public disputation, 1636; afterwards minister at Dumfries and Edinburgh.

[236] James Hamilton (1610-1674), bishop of Galloway; graduated at Glasgow, 1628; minister of Cambusnethan, 1634; deposed, 1638, but restored, 1639; supported the Engagement 1648; bishop of Galloway, 1661-74.

[237] James Hamilton, of Murdieston (fl. 1640–1680), painter of animals and still-life at Brussels,

[238] James Hamilton, sixth Earl of Abercorn; (1656-1734), grandson of Sir George Hamilton: assisted in defence of Derry, 1689; succeeded as Earl of Abercorn, 1701; created Viscount Strabane (Irish peerage 1701; privy councillor.

[239] James Hamilton, seventh Earl of Abercorn (d. 1744), second son of James Hamilton, sixth earl of Abercorn; privy councillor of England (1738) and Ireland (1739): F.R.S.; published Calculations and Tables relating to Attractive Power of Loadstones 1729.

[240] James Hamilton, eighth Earl of Abercorn (1712-1789), eldest son of James Hamilton, seventh earl of Abercorn; summoned to Irish House of Peers as Baron Mountcastle, 1736; representative peer of Scotland, 1761-86; created British peer as Viscount Hamilton, 1786.

[241] James Hamilton (1769–1829), author of Hamiltonian linguistic system; derived rudiments of his system from D'Angeli, an emigre; detained in Paris at rupture of peace of Amiens; began to teach his system at Philadelphia, 1816, and to print texts for use of pupils; very successful at Boston, the American universities, and in Canada; came to London, 1823, and taught in chief cities of United Kingdom; was defended in Edinburgh Review 1826, by Sydney Smith, and in Westminster Review.

[242] James Hamilton, the elder (1749–1835), Edinburgh physician; noted for old-fashioned dress and manners and his works on purgative treatment.

[243] James Hamilton, the younger (d. 1839), professor of midwifery at Edinburgh, 1800, succeeding his father, Alexander Hamilton (1739-1802); recovered damages from Dr. James Gregory, 1753-1821 for assault, 1793; succeeded in getting obstetrics made compulsory in medical course of Edinburgh University, 1830; published medical works.

[244] James Hamilton (1814–1867), presbyterian minister; graduated at Glasgow, 1835; Caudlish's assistant at St. George's, Edinburgh, 1838: minister of National Scottish Church, Regent Square, London, 18411867; published devotional and biographical works; his Book of Psalms and Hymns adopted by presbyterian churches.

[245] James Hamilton, first Duke of Abercorn (1811-1885), succeeded his grandfather as second Marquis of Abercorn, 1818: groom of the stole to Prince Albert, 1846-59; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1866-8 and 1874-6; created duke, 1868.

[246] James Alexander Hamilton (1785–1846), compiler of musical handbooks, including the Pianoforte Tutor (1728th ed. 1890).

[247] James Archibald Hamilton (1747–1815), astronomer; educated at Armagh and Trinity College, Dublin; B.A.: D.D., 1784; made observations on transit of Mercury from private observatory in Cookstown: archdeacon of Ross, 1790; dean of Cloyue, 1804: first astronomer at Armagh Observatory, 1790.

[248] Janet Hamilton (1795–1873), Scottish poetess; daughter of a Lancashire shoemaker; herPoems and Prose Works collected by her son, 1880.

[249] John Hamilton (1511?–1571), archbishop of St. Andrews; natural son of James Hamilton, first earl of Arran; keeper of the privy seal, 1543: bishop of Dunkeld, 1545; archbishop of St. Andrews, 1546; reconciled Arran with Beaton; promulgated Hamilton's catechism at synod of 1552; endowed St. Mary's College, St. Andrews; persecuted protestants; accepted new confession, 1560; imprisoned for popish practices, 1563; member of councils of Mary Queen of Scots, 1566; divorced Bothwell from Lady Jane Gordon, 1567; present at Langside, 1568; hanged at Stirling on charge of being accessory to Darnley's murder and of complicity in that of Moray.

[250] John Hamilton, first Marquis of Hamilton (1532-1604), second son of James Hamilton, duke of Chatelherault; assisted Bothwell and negotiated with England for deliverance of Mary; furthered assassination of Moray (1570) in revenge for forfeiture; represented his family at pacification of Perth, 1573; head of his family after death of Chatelherault, 1675; in constant danger of his life from Sir William Douglas (d. 1606); escaped to France, 1679; joined his brother, Lord Claud Hamilton, in England, and thence went to Scotland, 1584; recovered his estates; in favour with James VI; went on embassy to Denmark, 1588; a lord of the articles, 1594; accompanied James VI against Huntly; sat on Huntly's trial; created marquis, 1599.

[251] John Hamilton (fl. 1568–1609), anti-protestant writer; described himself as the queen's daily orator; probably Mary Stuart's messenger to Alva, 1568-9; tutor to Cardinal de Bourbon, 1576; rector of Paris University, 1584; prominent member of French Catholic League; adjutant of thirteen hundred armed ecclesiastics, 1590; on the entry of Henri Quatre (1594) escaped to Brussels; executed in effigy for murder of Tardif; returned to Scotland, 1600, with Edmund Hay, and secretly celebrated mass; captured, 1608; died in prison. He published at Paris (1581) tract in favour of transubstantiation, with appendix dedicated to James VI, and at Louvain (1600) a treatise, with prayers, also dedicated to the king.

[252] Sir John Hamilton, first Baron Bargeny (d. 1658), royalist; grandson of John, first marquis of Hamilton; created a Scottish peer, 1639.

[253] John Hamilton, second Baron Bargeny (d. 1693), son of Sir John Hamilton, first baron Bargeny; imprisoned as disaffected, 1679-80; raised regiment for William of Orange, 1689.

[254] John Hamilton, second Baron Belhaven (1656-1708), imprisoned and compelled to apologise for remarks on Duke of York, 1681; contributed to settlement of Scottish crown on William III, 1689, and became privy councillor; strong supporter of Darien scheme; advocated Act of Security, 1703, and strongly opposed the union, his speech of 1706 becoming famous as Belhaven's Vision; imprisoned (1708) on suspicion of favouring French invasion.

[255] John Hamilton (d. 1755), captain in the navy; second son of James Hamilton, seventh earl of Abercorn; distinguished at wreck of the Louisa, 1736; had the Kinsale fitted with nine-pounders and canvas screens, 1742: drowned near Spithead.

[256] John Hamilton ( fl. 1765–1786), painter; director of Incorporated Society of Artists, 1773.

[257] John Hamilton (1761–1814), Scottish songwriter; contributed to Johnson's Museum and helped Scott with Border Minstrelsy; composed songs, including Up in the MorninEarly and The Ploughman

[258] Sir John Hamilton, first baronet (1755–1835), lieutenant-general; served in East Indian army in Dutch He bar and against Mahrattas (1778), and in British against Tippoo Sahib, 1790-1; lieutenant-colonel of the 81st in San Domingo and Kaffir war of 1800; inspector-general of Portuguese army, 1809; commanded divisions at Albuera, 1811, and the Nivelle, 1813; lieutenant-general, 1814; created baronet, 1816.

[259] John George Hamilton (1662–1736?), painter at Vienna; son of James Hamilton (ft. 1640-1680)

[260] Malcolm Hamilton (1635–1699), Swedish general; naturalised as Swedish noble, 1664; created Baron Hamilton de Hageby, 1693.

[261] Mary Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton (1613-1638), lady of the bedchamber to Henrietta Maria; Waller wrote Thyrsis Galatea in her praise.

[262] Lady Mary Hamilton, (1739–1816), novelist; nee Leslie; lived with her second husband in France, and was intimate with Sir Herbert Croft (1751-1816) q. v. and Charles Nodier; published four novels,

[263] Mrs Hamilton. (fl. 1745–1772), actress; appeared for some years as Mrs. Bland, playing with Garrick at Covent Garden in Shakespearean parts. 1746; reappeared at Covent Garden, 1752-62; afterwards went to Ireland; her distresses the cause of the establishment of the Theatrical Fund.

[264] Patrick Hamilton (1504?–1528), Scottish martyr; grandson of Sir James Hamilton of Cadzow, lord Hamilton; M.A. Paris, 1520; M.A. St. Andrews, 1524; saw Luther and Melanchthon at Wittenberg; at Marburg, 1527, composed his Loci Communes Patrick's Pleas; after return to Scotland charged i with seven articles of heresy; sentenced by Archbishop Beaton and burnt at St. Andrews; had previously converted Alexander Alesius

[265] Richard Hamilton (fl. 1688), Jacobite lieui tenant-general; brother of Anthony Hamilton; served with distinction in French army; banished French j court for seeking Princess de Conti in marriage; despatched j by Tyrconnel with troops to help James II in England, 1688; sent by William in with offers to Irish catholics; deserted to Tyrconnel, 1689; commanded at siege of Derry, I 1689: captured at the Boyne; sent to the Tower, 1690; rejoined James in France.

[266] Richard Winter Hamilton (1794–1848), independent minister; minister of Albion (afterwards of Belgrave) Chapel, Leeds; LL.D. Glasgow, 1844; chairman of Congregational Union, 1847; published Horse et Vindiciae Sabbaticae 1847.

[267] Sir Robert Hamilton , second baronet (1650–1701), covenanting leader; educated under Burnet at Glasgow; one of the composers of Rutherglen declaration, 1679; showed cowardice in command at Drumclog and at Bothwell Brigg, 1679; fled to Holland; visited Germany and Switzerland as commissioner for Scottish presbyterian church; returned and succeeded as baronet, 1688; imprisoned on suspicion of having drawn up Sanquhar declaration, 1692-3.

[268] Robert Hamilton (1721–1793), physician; published work on scrofula, 1791.

[269] Robert Hamilton (1743–1829), professor of natural philosophy and mathematics at Aberdeen, 17791829; published Inquiry concerning the Rise and Progress, Reduction and Present State, and the Management of the National Debt 1813.

[270] Robert Hamilton (1749–1830), physician ; M.D. Edinburgh, 1780; served in the army; practised at Ipswich; published Duties of a Regimental Surgeon 1788, and a book on the cure of hydrophobia.

[271] Robert Hamilton (1750?–1831), legal writer and genealogist; served in American war; sheriff of Lanarkshire; clerk of session; accompanied Scott on voyage (1814) as commissioner of northern lights; edited (1803)Decisions of Court of Session, from November 1769 to January 1772

[272] Sir Robert George Crookshank Hamilton (1836-1895), governor of Tasmania; educated at University and King's College, Aberdeen; M.A., 1864: honorary LL.D., 1886; clerk in commissariat department in Crimea, 1855: in charge of finance of education de; partment, 1861; accountant, 1869, and assistant-secretary, 1872-8, to board of trade; accountant-general of navy, 1878; permanent secretary to admiralty, 1882; permanent undersecretary for Ireland, 1883-6; K.C.B., 1884; governor of Tasmania, 1886-93.

[273] Sir Robert North Collie Hamilton, sixth baronet (1802-1887), Indian official; educated at Hailey bury; acting secretary in political department. Benares, 1830; resident with Holkar of Indore, 1844-57; succeeded i to baronetcy, 1853; viceroy's agent for Central India, 1864-9; his plan for pacification of Central India adopted: K.C.B.; member of supreme council of India, 1859-60.

[274] Sir Thomas Hamilton, Lord Drumcairn, Earl of Melrose, and afterwards first Earl of Haddington (1563–1637); educated under his uncle, John Hamilton (fl. 1568-1609) at Paris; admitted advocate, 1587; lord of session as Lord Drumcairn, 1592; probably suggester and was a member of the Octavians; favourite of James VI; king's advocate, 1596; knighted soon after James VI's accession as James I of England: a commissioner for union, 1604; procured imprisonment of Andrew Melville and execution of Sprotfor connection with Gowrie conspiracy of 1600; one of the new Octavians, 1611; secretary of state, 1612-26; created Baron Binning and Byres, 1613; president of court of session, 1616-26; created Earl of Melrose, 1619, for obtaining adoption of episcopalianism by six articles of Perth, 1618; lord privy seal, 1626; his title changed to Earl of Haddington, 1626. Notes of the Charters, &c., by the Earl of Melrose was issued in 1830, his State Papers in 1837.

[275] Thomas Hamilton , second Earl of Haddington (1600–1640), covenanter ; son of Sir Thomas Hamilton, first Earl of Haddington; privy councillor, 1637; signed king's covenant 1638; drew up Glasgow proclamation, 1638; defended borders, 1640; perished in explosion at Dunglass Oastle.

[276] Thomas Hamilton, sixth Earl of Haddington (1680-1736), member of the squadrone volante; wounded at Sheriffmuir, 1715: elected a representative peer, 1716; caricatured as Simon the Skipper; his treatise on forest trees printed, 1761.

[277] Thomas Hamilton (1789–1842), author; second son of William Hamilton (1758-1790); wounded at Albuera, 1811; settled in Edinburgh, c. 1818; one of the Blackwood writers praised in Noctea Ambrosiauae 1826; intimate with Scott at Chiefs wood and Wordsworth at EUeray; published Cyril Thornton (1827), Annals of the Peninsular Campaign (1829), Men and Manners in America(1833); died at Pisa and was buried at Florence.

[278] Thomas Hamilton , ninth Earl of Haddington (1780-1858); educated at Edinburgh and Christ Church, Oxford? M.A. Oxford, 1816; tory M.P. for St. Germans, 1802-6, Oallington, 1807-14, Michael-Borough, 1814-18, Rochester, 1818-26, and Yarmouth (Isle of Wight), 1826; Indian commissioner, 1814-22; created Baron Melros of Tynuinghame, 1827; succeeded to Scottish peerage, 1828; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1834-5; first lord of the admiralty, 1841-6; lord privy seal, 1846.

[279] Thomas Hamilton (1784–1858), architect; designed Burns monuments at Alloway, 1818, and Edinburgh, 1830, Knox column at Glasgow, 1825, Edinburgh High School (opened 1829), and town buildings and spire at Ayr, 1828; a founder and first treasurer of R.S. A.; F.R.I.B.A., 1836-46.

[280] Walter Kerr Hamilton (1808–1869), bishop of Salisbury; nephew of William Richard Hamilton ; at Eton and as private pupil of Dr. Arnold of Rugby at Laletiam; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1827; B.A., 1830; fellow of Merton College, 1832; vicar of St. Peter's-in-the-East, Oxford, 1837-41; canon of Salisbury, 1841; bishop of Salisbury, 1884-69, establishing theological college, 1861; published pamphlet on Cathedral Reform 1853.

[281] William de Hamilton (d. 1307), chancellor of England: vice-chancellor to the king, 1286; dean of York, 1298; chancellor of England, 1305-7.

[282] William Hamilton, second Duke of Hamilton (1616-1651), brother of James Hamilton, first duke: created Earl of Lanark, 1639 (so styled till 1649); secretary of state for Scotland, 1640-3 and 1646; fled with his brother (1641) after the Incident, but was at peace with the king till arrest at Oxford, 1643; escaped and made bis peace with Scottish estates, 1644; one of commissioners at Newcastle, 1646; again reconciled to Charles I, 1646; protested against his surrender to English army; concluded treaty with the king at Garisbrooke on basis of introduction of presbyterianism into England, 1647; commanded force against Westland whips, but had to submit to Argyll; succeeded to dukedom while in Holland: made K.G. and privy councillor by Charles II, whom he accompanied to Scotland, 1650; mortally wounded at Worcester. -r

[283] William Hamilton (d. 1724), of Wishaw; antiquary; his Account of the Shyres of Renfrew and Lanark edited by William Motherwell, 1838.

[284] William Hamilton (d. 1729), archdeacon of Armagh; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 16W; LL.B., 1700: archdeacon of Armagh, 1700-29; published life of James Bonnell, 170S.

[285] William Hamilton (1665?–1751), of Gilbertfield; poet; corresponded in verse with Allan Ramsay in 'Seven Familiar Epistles which passed between Lieutenant Hamilton and the Author(1719); wrote elegy on his dog, Bonny Heck and Willie was a Wanton Wag; abridged and modernised Blind Harry's Wallace 1722.

[286] William Hamilton 17U4-1754), of Bangour; poet; contributed lyrics to Allan Ramsay'sTea-Table Miscellany," between 1724 and 1727; celebrated victory of Prestonpans inGladsmuir and while hiding after Culloden wroteSoliloquy... in June 1746 composed ballads and Episode of the Thistle; made the earliest Homeric translation into English blank verse; his poems issued by Foulis, 1749, and posthumously; died at Lyons.

[287] William Hamilton (1758–1790), surgeon; M.A. Glasgow, 1775; professor of anatomy and botany at Glasgow, 1781.

[288] William Hamilton (1755–1797), naturalist and antiquary; fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1779; M.A., 1779; rector of Clondavaddpg or Fannet, Donegal, 1790; publishedLetters concerning the Northern Coast of Antrim 1786; murdered by banditti at Sharon, 1797.

[289] William Hamilton (1761–1801), painter: studied under Zucchi in Italy; R.A., 1789: exhibited from 1774 historical pictures, arabesques, and ornaments, scriptural and Shakespearean pictures, and portraits, including full-lengths of Mrs. Siddons and John Wesley.

[290] Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803), diplomatist and archaeologist; grandson of William Douglas, third duke of Hamilton; M.P., Midhurst, 1761-4; plenipotentiary at Naples, 1764-1800; K.B., 1772; made twenty-two ascents of Vesuvius, witnessing 1776 and 1777 eruptions; visited Etna; F.R.S., 1766; published 'Campi Phlegraei 1776 (also a supplement, 1779), and other works describing observations of volcanoes and Calabrian earthquakes; sent account of Pompeian discoveries to Society of Antiquaries; sold collections of Greek vases and antiquities to British Museum, 1773: and to Thomas Hope, 1801; purchased from Gavin Hamilton (1730-1797) Warwick Vase and from Byres, the architect, Portland Vase; privy councillor, 1791; married Emma Hart, 1791; entertained Nelson at Naples, 1798; accompanied Neapolitan court to Palermo, 1798; travelled to England with Nelson; D.C.L. Oxford, 1802.

[291] William Hamilton (1780–1835), theological writer; minister of Strathblane, Stirlingshire, 1809-36; moved resolution against lay patronage in general assembly, 1834; published theological works, 1820-35.

[292] Sir William Hamilton , baronet (1788–1856), metaphysician; educated at Glasgow and Balliol College, Oxford, where he was intimate with J. G. Lockhart; M.A., 1814; established claim to baronetcy, 1816; introduced by Christopher North to De Quincey at Edinburgh, 1814; visited Germany, 1817 and 1820; elected professor of civil history at Edinburgh, 1821; had controversy with Combe on phrenology; solicitor of teinds, 1832; his philosophical reputation made by articles in 'Edinburgh Review 1829-36; elected to chair of logic and metaphysics at Edinburgh, 1836; made great impression by lectures (ed. Mausel and Veitch, 1*59); attacked non-intrusion principle in ecclesiastical controversy of 1843; partially paralysed after 1844; edited Reid's works, 1846 (completed by Mansel); Hamilton philosophical examination founded in his honour, 1866. His doctrine of the quantification of the predicatewas assailed by De Morgan, and that of the unknowability of the infinite by Calderwood. He contributed to psychology and logic the theories of the association of ideas, of unconscious mental modifications, and the inverse relation of perception and sensation. Posthumous criticism was led by Mill and Hutchison Stirling.

[293] William Gerard Hamilton (1789–1796), Single-speech Hamilton; grandson of William Hamilton (d. 1724); educated at Winchester and Oriel College, Oxford; student of Lincoln's Inn, 1744; as M.P. for Petersfield made celebrated maiden speech, 1756 (the so-calledsinglespeech); a commissioner of trade, 1766: M.P., Pontefract, 1761, Killebegs (Irish parliament), 17611768; chief secretary for Ireland, 1761-4, and chancellor of Irish exchequer, 1763-84; spoke ably in Irish parliament, 1761-2; obtained, 1763, but subsequently appropriated, pension for Burke, who was for a time his private secretary; M.P., Old Sarum, 1768, Wareham, 1774, Wilton, 1780, and Haslemere, 1 790; his conversational powers highly praised by Dr. Johnson; Letters of Junius attributed to him by some of his contemporaries; his works published after his death by Malone under title of Parliamentary Logick

[294] William John Hamilton (1805–1867), geologist; son of William Richard Hamilton; educated at Charterhouse and Gottinpen; pupil of Murchison; F.G.S., 1831; secretary of Geological Society, 1832-54, president, 1854 and 1865; M.P., Newport (Isle of Wight), 1841-7; his tour in the Levant, 1835-7, described inResearches in Asia Minor, Pontus, and Armenia 1842; president of Royal Geographical Society, 1837, 1841, 1842, and 1847; made excursions in France and Belgium, and wrote papers on rocks of Tuscany and geology of the Mayence basin and Hesse-Cassel.

[295] William Richard Hamilton (1777–1869), antiquary and diplomatist; cousin of William Gerard Hamilton; lamed for life at Harrow; as secretary to Lord Elgin prevented France carrying off Rosetta stone; superintended safe transportation to England of Grecian marbles, 1802; under-secretary for foreign affairs, 1809-22; minister at Naples, 1822-5; obtained restoration by France of works of art taken from Italy, 1815; trustee of British Museum, 1838-58; published Sgyptiaca(1809), containing first translations of Rosetta inscriptions.

[296] Sir William Rowan Hamilton (1805-1865), mathematician; discoverer of science of quaternions; as a child competed with Zerah Colburn, the calculating boy at sixteen detected an error of reasoning in Laplace's Mecanique Celeste; at Trinity College, Dublin, obtained the double optimeand twice won vice-chancellor's prize for English verse; while an undergraduate predicted conical refraction appointed Andrews professor of astronomy, 1827; astronomer royal of Ireland; gold medallist of Royal Society for optical discovery and for (1834) theory of a general method of dynamics; knighted, 1835; president of Royal Irish Academy, 1837: published Lectures on Quaternions 1853. His Elements of Quaternions appeared posthumously, 1866.

[297] Archibald Hamilton-Rowan (1751-1834). See Rowan.

[298] Edward Hamley (1764–1834), poet; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1786; B.C.L., 1791; rector of Cusop, 1805-34, and Stanton St. John, 1806-34; published poems (17*5), translations from Petrarch and Metastasio, 1795, and sonnets, 1795.

[299] Sir Edward Bruce Hamley (1824–1893), general; studied at Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; lieutenant, royal artillery, 1843; stationed at Gibraltar; adjutant to Colonel (Sir) Richard James Dacres q. v.j in Crimea; brevet lieutenant-colonel, 1865; contributed to Fraser's and Black wood's magazines; edited first series ofTales from Blackwood 1858; professor of military history, Sandhurst, 1869-64; publishedOperations of War 1866; lieutenant-colonel, 1864; member of council of military education, 1866-70; commandant of staff college, 1870-7; major-general, 1877; British commissioner for delimitation of Bulgaria, 1879, Armenian frontier, 1880, and Greek frontier, 1881: K.C.M.G., 1880; lieutenant-general, 1882; commanded division in Egypt, 1882; fought at Tel-el-Kebir; K.C.B., 1882; M.P. for Birkenhead, 1886, and 1886-92; colonel-commandant, royal artillery, 1886; general, 1890: published novels, Shakespeare's Funeral 1869, and military works.

[300] James Astbury Hammersley (1816–1869), painter; master of Manchester School of Design, 1849-62; first president, Manchester Academy of Fine Arts, 1867-61.

[301] Sir Stephen Love Hammick, first baronet , (1777-1867), surgeon extraordinary to George IV and William IV; surgeon to Naval Hospital, Plymouth, 1803: created baronet, 1834; an original member of London University senate published Practical Remarks on... Strictures of the Urethra 1830.

[302] Anthony Hammond (1668–1738), poet and pamphleteer; grand-nephew of William Hammond q. v.; M.P., Huntingdonshire, 1695-8, Cambridge srersity, 1698-1701, Huntingdon, 1702-8; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1698; commissioner of public accounts, 1701; commissioner of the navy, 1702; declared incapable of sitting in parliament as holding the latter office, 1708; treasurer of forces in Spain, 1711; published pamphlets on finance and parliamentary practice; edited 'New Miscellany of Original Poems 1720; died debtor in the Fleet.

[303] Anthony Hammond (1758–1838), legal writer ; prepared draft of Act of 1827 consolidating and amending the criminal law.

[304] Edmund Hammond, Baron Hammond (1802-1890), diplomatist; son of George Hammond; of Harrow and University College, Oxford: fellow, 1828-46; M.A., 1826; accompanied Stratford Canning to Constantinople, 1831, Madrid, and Lisbon, 1832; chief of the oriental department of foreign office; permanent undersecretary, 1854-73; privy councillor, 1866; created a peer, 1874; died at Mentone.

[305] George Hammond (1763–1853), diplomatist; educated at Merton College, Oxford; fellow, 1787; M.A., 1788; secretary to David Hartley the younger at Paris, 1783; charge d'affaires at Vienna, 1788-90; first British minister at Washington, 1791-5; as undersecretary for foreign affairs (1796-1806 and 1807-9) intimate with Grenville and Canning; joint-editor of Anti-Jacobin; D.C.L. Oxford, 1810.

[306] Henry Hammond (1605–1660), chaplain to Charles I; son of John Hammond (d. 1817); of Eton and Magdalen College, Oxford; fellow, 1626, M.A., 1625, D.D., 1639; incumbent of Penshurst, 1633; archdeacon of Chichester, 1643; became known to Charles I by Practical Catechism 1644; canon of Christ Church and pablic orator at Oxford, 1645; chaplain to royal commissioners at Uxbridge, 1645, and to Charles I, 1647; deprived and imprisoned, but afterwards allowed to live with Sir Philip Warwick and Sir John Pakington; publishedParaphrase and Annotations on the New Testament 1663; his collected works edited by William Fulman, 1674-84,Miscellaneous Theological Works by Nicholas Pocock, 1847-60.

[307] James Hammond (1710–1742), poet; son of Anthony Hammond (1668-1738); educated at ! Westminster: equerry to Frederick, prince of Wales, 1733; M.P., Truro, 1741-2; said to have died for love of Kitty Dashwood; hisLove Elegies(1743) (with preface by Chesterfield) condemned by Dr. Johnson for 'frigid pedantry

[308] John Hammond (1542–1589), civilian; fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge; LL.D., 1569; commissary of j deanery of St. Paul's, 1673; master of chancery, 1574; chancellor of London, 1675; delegate to diet of Smalkald, I 1678; M.P., Rye, 1585, St. Looe, 1586: as member of high I commission examined Campion (1581) and other Jesuits under torture.

[309] John Hammond (d. 1617), physician to James I; son of John Hammond (1542-1589); fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1573; M.A., 1577: M.D. Oxford, 1603; F.R.C.P., 1608; made post-mortem examination of Henry, Prince of Wales.

[310] Robert Hammond (1621–1664), parliamentarian : grandson of John Hammond (rf. 1617); member of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1636; captain in parliamentary , army, 1642; distinguished himself at Tewkesbury, 1644; as colonel of foot in thenew model 1645, captured Powder ham Castle and St. Michael's Mount; taken by royalists at Basing House, 1646: governor of Isle of Wight, 1647; custodian of Charles I, who had mistakenly taken refuge with him in the Isle of Wight, November 1647 to November 1648; meuiticr of the Irish council 1654.

[311] Samuel Hammond (d. 1665), nonconformist divine; fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge; chaplain to Sir Arthur Hesilrige; while minister at Newcastle (1652-60) assisted in exposing the impostor, Thomas Ramsay; assisted in writing a tract against quakers, 1664.

[312] William Hammond (ft. 1655), poet ; his 'Poems ' (1665) reprinted, 1816.

[313] Sir Andrew Snape Hamond, first baronet (1738-1828), comptroller of the navy: present at Quiberou Bay, 1759; captain, 1770; knighted for services in Chesapeake expedition and defence of Sandy Hook, 1778; governor of Nova Scotia, 1780-2; created baronet, 1783; commander at the Nore, 1785-8; commissioner of the navy, 1793: M.P., Ipswich, 1796-1806; comptroller of the navy, 17941806.

[314] George Hamond (1620–1705), ejected divine: M.A. Exeter College, Oxford; studied at Trinity College, Dublin; ejected from St. Peter's and Trinity, Dorchester, 1662; presbyterian minister and schoolmaster at Tauutou, 1672-85: pastor of ArmourersHall, London, and lecturer at SaltersHall.

[315] Sir Graham Eden Hamond , second baronet (1779-1862), admiral; son of Sir Andrew Snape H union. 1 : midshipman on Howe's flagship at victory of 1794; commanded the Blanche at Copenhagen, 1801; captured Spanish treasure ships, 1804; at reduction of Flushing, 1809; commander on South American station, 1834-8; admiral, 1847; admiral of the fleet, 1862; G.C.B., 1855.

[316] Walter Hamond (fl. 1643), author of tracts on Madagascar, 1640 and 1643.

[317] Matthew Hamont (d. 1679), heretic; burnt at Norwich. On his case Philip van Limborch corresponded with Locke, 1699.

[318] Viscounts Hampden . See TREVOR, ROBERT Hampden, first VISCOUNT, 1706–1783; TREVOR, JOHN, Hampden, third VISCOUNT, 1749–1824; BRAND, SIR Bouvehie William Henry, 1814–1892, first VISCOUNT of new creation,

[319] John Hampden (1594–1643), statesman ; educated at Thame School and Magdalen College, Oxford; also studied at Inner Temple; M.P. for Grampound, 1621-6, and for Wendover in first three parliaments of Charles I; afterwards represented Buckinghamshire; imprisoned (1627) for refusing to pay forced loan of 1626; prominent in Charles I's third parliament; closely associated with Sir John Eliot, corresponding with him when Eliot was in prison; one of the twelve grantees of land in Connecticut, 1G32; by resisting second ship-money writ, 1635 (declared legal by exchequer court, 1638), caused it to be paid with increasing reluctance; most popular member in the Short parliament, 1640; led the opposition to the king's demand for twelve subsidies in exchange for the abandonment of ship-money, 1640; exercised great influence over Pym in the Long parliament, and proved a powerful debater and strategist; as one of the managers of Strafford's impeachment opposed the resolution for a bill of attainder, and (1641) obtained leave for Strafford's counsel to be heard; supported the. root-and-branch bill; attended the king to Scotland, 1641; calmed House of Commons after the carrying of the Grand Remonstrance, 1641; impeached by the attorney-general, 1642 (3 Jan.), but escaped the attempted arrest by the king next day; returned to move (20 Jan. 1642) the resolution giving control of the militia and the Tower to parliament; leading member of the committee of safety; raised i-egiment of foot and executed the militia ordinance in his own county after Edgehill, joining the main army (1642) under Essex, whose retreat after Edgehill he condemned; resisted acceptance of Charles I's overtures for peace, 1642-3, and urged an immediate attack on Oxford; mortally wounded in a skirmish with Prince liupert at Chalgrove Field; died at Thame, and was buried in Great Hampden Church.

[320] John Hampden , the younger (1666?–1696), politician; son of Richard Hampden; M.P., Buckinghamshire, 1679, Wendover, 1681-90; imprisoned and fined on charge of plotting uu insurrection, 1684; condemned to dentil for high treason after MonmouthV rifling, 1Gn. but briUt.lefTeries ami I'etre, and was pardoned; prominent in Convention parliament (168!) as:m rvtr.me whitf; opposed employment by William III of Halifax and other ex-ministers; committed suicide.

[321] Renn Dickson Hampden (1793–1868), bishop of Hereford; fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1814; double first, 1814; M.A., 1816; D.D., 1833; intimate with Arnold and Whately; Bampton lecturer, 1832; principal of St. Mary Hall, 1833; professor of moral philosophy, 1834: his appointment by Melbourne to the regius professorship of divinity (1836) oppoeed on ground of his unorthodoxy, as also his nomination to bishopric (1848); bishop of Hereford, 1848-68; published The Scholastic Philosophy considered in its Relation to Christian Theology (Bampton lectures), 1833.

[322] Richard Hampden (1631–1696), chancellor of the exchequer; son of John Hampden (1694-1643); M.P., Buckinghamshire, 1656, and 1681-90, Weudover, 1660-79, and 1690-5; member of Protector's Houae of Lords; entertained Baxter during the plague, 1666; moved Exclusion Bill of 1679; chairman of Commons committee that declared the throne vacant, 1689; privy councillor, 1689; commissioner of the treasury, 1689: chancellor of the exchequer, 1690-4; refused emoluments from William III.

[323] William Hamper (1776–1831), antiquary; F.S.A., 1821; contributed toGentleman's Magazine assisted John Britton and other topographical writers; published * Observations on certain Ancient Pillars of Memorial called Hoar-Stones 1820, and Life, Diary, and Correspondence of Sir W. Dugdale 1827.

[324] Richard Hampole (1290?–1349). See Richard Rolle.

[325] John Hampson (1760–1817?), author; M.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1792; rector of Sunderlaud, 1801; published works including Memoirs of Rev. John Wesley 1791; translated The Poetics of Marcus Hieronymus Vida 1793.

[326] Hampton, first Baron (1799–1880). See Sir John Somerset Pakington.

[327] Christopher Hampton (1552–1625), archbishop of Armagh; probably fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1585: nominated to see of Derry, 1611, but not consecrated; archbishop of Armagh, 1613-25; restored Armagh Cathedral; maintained primacy of Armagh.

[328] James Hampton (1721–1778), translator of Polybius; of Winchester and Corpus Christi College, Oxford; M.A., 1747; rector of Mouktou Moor, 1762, and Folkton, Yorkshire, 1775; translated Polybius, first five books, 1756-61; issued extracts from sixth book of Polybius, 1764.

[329] John Hanboys or Hamboys (fl. 1470), doctor of music; his commentary on works of the two Francos printed by Coussemaker.

[330] Benjamin Hanbury (1778–1864), nonconformist historian; first treasurer of Congregational Union, 1831-64; publishedHistorical Memorials relating to the Independents... from their Rise to the Restoration (1839-44), and an edition of Hooker (1830).

[331] Daniel Hanbury (1826–1875), pharmacist; treasurer of Linnaean Society; F.R.S., 1867; visited Palestine with Sir Joseph Hooker, 1860; published Pharmacographia (with Professor Flückiger) 1874.

[332] Sir James Hanbury (1782–1863), lieutenantgeneral; served with the 58th in Egypt, 1801; present at operations of Corunna, 1808-9; with the guards at Walcheren (1809) and in the Peninsular war; major-general, 1830; K.B.,1830; lieutenant-general, 1841.

[333] John Hanbury (1664-17S4), politician; developed his estate and ironworks at Pontypopl; M.P., Gloucester, 1701-15, Monmouthshire, 1720-34; director of the New South Sea Company, 1721; one of Marlborough's executors, 1722.

[334] William Hanbury (1725–1778), clergyman; B.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1748; rector of Church Langton, Leicestershire, 1753-78; M.A. St. Andrews, 1769; issued (1758) Essay on Planting, and a Scheme for making it conducive to the Glory of God and the advantage of Society; his scheme carried out by court of chancery, 186-1; published Complete Body of Planting and Gardening (1770-1).

[335] Henry Fletcher Hance (1827–1886), botanist; vice-consul at Whampoa, 1861-78; consul at Canton, 1878-81 and 1883; acting consul at Amoy at his death; contributed papers on Chinese plants to Hooker's Journal of Botany and supplement to Beutham's Flora Hongkongensis

[336] Ambrose Godfrey Hanckwitz (d. 1741). See Ambrose Godfrey .

[337] Albany Hancock (1806–1873), zoologist; received the royal medal of Royal Society for paper on The Organisation of Brachiopoda 1857; F.L.S., 1862; collaborated with Joshua Alder inMonograph of British Nudipranchiate Mollusca 1845-55; with Dr. D. Embleton investigated structure of genera oeolis and dorit.

[338] John Hancock (d. 1869), sculptor; exhibited at Royal Academy from 1843.

[339] Robert Hancock (1730–1817), mezzotint engraver and draughtsman; engraver to Worcester porcelain works, 1757-74; executed small crayon portraits of Lamb, Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Southey.

[340] Thomas Hancock (1783–1849), quaker physician; M.D. Edinburgh, 1809; practised in London and Liverpool; published (1825)Principles of Peace exemplified in conduct of Society of Friends in Ireland during the Rebellion of 1798 and treatises on epidemics; edited Discourses from Nicole's Essays by John Locke 1828.

[341] Thomas Hancock (1786–1865), founder of the indiarubber trade in England; took out patent for applying indiarubber springs to articles of dress, 1820; first made vulcanised indiarubber, 1843; published 'Personal Narrative of the Origin and Progress of the Caoutchouc or Indiarubber Manufacture in England 1857.

[342] Walter Hancock (1799–1852), engineer; brother of Thomas Hancock (1786-1865); invented steamengines for road traffic, 1824-36; described experiments in Narrative 1838; obtained patent for cutting indiarubber into sheets, and for a method of preparing solutions of indiarubber, 1843.

[343] Thomas Hand (d. 1804), painter; friend and imitator of Morland; exhibited at Royal Academy.

[344] Charles Handasyde (fl. 1760–1780), miniature painter,

[345] George Frederick Handel , properly Georg Friedrich Haendel (1685–1759), musical composer; son of the town surgeon of Giebichenstein, Saxony; studied music under Zachau at Halle; presented to elector of Brandenburg at Berlin, c. 1696; went to Hamburg, 1703, and became conductor of the opera; fought a duel with Mattheson (first tenor); composed his first opera, Almira 1705; went to Italy, 1707; produced the operas Rodrigo at Florence and Agrippina at Venice, 1708; at Rome composed the oratorios II Trionfo del Tempo and La Resurrezione; visited Naples, 1708-9, composing songs and cantatas; went to Hanover and became kapellmeister, 1710; came to England, 1710; his opera Rinaldo produced with great success at the Queen's Theatre, Haymarket, 1711; returned to Hanover, but was again in England in 1712, where, breaking his pledge to the elector of Hanover (afterwards George I) to return to Hanover, he thenceforth remained; his operasPastor Ficlo and Teaeo and the Utrecht Te Deum and Jubilate performed before the death of Anne, the composer receiving for the last an annuity of 200., increased by George I after Handel's reconciliation with him, effected through Burlington and Kielmanusegge by means of the Watermusic 1715; as director for the Duke of Chandos at Canons (1718-20) composed twelve anthems, Esther (his tint English oratorio, performed 1720), and Acis and tea (performed 1720 or 1721); director of the Royal Academy of Music, 1720-8, composing thirteen operas, besides collaborating inAfuzio Scevolawith Buononcini, thenceforth his rival in popular favour; naturalised, 1726; appointed court composer; produced coronation anthems on the accession of George II, 1727; carried on (1729-35) a second operatic undertaking at the King's Theatre, Coveiit Garden, producing several new operas, and giving performances of Esther and Acis and Galatea 1732, and Deborah 1733: Athaliah first heard at Oxford, 1733; ousted from the King's Theatre i by his rivals, 1735; gave more operas, and repeated his I oratorios in Lent at Rich's new theatre, Covent GarI den, 1735-7, when he became bankrupt and partially ! paralysed; composed a fine anthem for the funeral of Queen Caroline, 1737, and two new operas, 1738, when his debts were paid by a benefit concert; his statue by Roubilliac set up at Vauxhall, 1738; his last operas given at Lincoln's Inn Fields, 1740-1, also setting of Dryden's shorter Ode on St. Cecilia's Day 1739; the first annual performance of Alexander's Feast for the Society of Musicians, with himself at the organ, given 1739; his 'SaulandIsrael in Egypt produced at the King's Theatre, 1739; his oratorio the Messiah (composed in twenty-three days) first heard at Dublin, 1741, in London, 1743 (Covent Garden), and in Germany (Hamburg), 1772; his Samson given at a subscription concert at Covent Garden, and the DettingenTe Deumat St. James's Palace, 1743; Joseph and his Brethren and Semele 1744 (Oovent Garden);HerculesandBelshazzar j (King's Theatre), 1744-6; Judas Maccabaeus 1747; I Alexander Balus and Joshua 1748 (Covent Garden); his oratorios Susanna and * Solomon produced, 1749; i his Music for the Fireworks performed at Vauxhall and ; the Green Park to celebrate the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, i 1749; his Theodora 1750, a failure; conducted a per! formance of the Messiah (with the organ presented by i himself) at the Foundling Hospital, 1750; his last oratorio, Jephthah produced at Covent Garden, 1752; his last composition,The Triumph of Time and Truth I 1757; buried in Westminster Abbey. His manuscript scores passed from John Christopher Smith to George III. He carried choral music to its highest point, but in instrumental did not advance beyond his contemporaries. His almost certain appropriation (notably in Israel in Egypt) of the work of others is in strong contradiction with his known character. A collection of his works, begun in Germany, 1856, with the help of the king of Hanover, was continued under the auspices of the Prussian government. Roubilliac executed his monument in Westminster Abbey and three busts.

[346] Robert de Handlo (fl. 1326), writer on music ; author of Regulae (printed by Coussemaker.

[347] William Handyside (1793–1850), engineer; employed by the Russian government.

[348] George Hanger, fourth Baron Coleraine (1761?-1824), eccentric; educated at Eton and Gottingen; served during American war in Hessian Jager corps and in Tarleton's light dragoons; aide-de-camp to Sir Henry Clinton at Charlestown, 1779; his Life, Adventures, and Opinions issued by William Combe, 1801; suc ceeded his brother in peerage, 1814, but did not assume title; caricatured by Gillray and George Cruikshank; published Lives and Adventures... of Eminent Gamesters 1804, and military pamphlets.

[349] Sir William Hankeford (d. 1422), judge; king's serjeant, 1390; justice of common pleas, 1398; K.B., 1399; chief-justice of king's bench, 1413-22.

[350] Thomson Hankey (1805–1893), politician; senior partner in his father's West Indian mercantile firm; elected a director of Bank of England, 1835; governor, 1851-2; liberal M.P. for Peterborough, 1853-68, and 18741 880; published works on questions of political economy.

[351] Edward Hankin (1747–1835), author ; rector of West Chiltington, Sussex; published pamphlets on clerical grievances and political subjects.

[352] Thomas Edwards Hankinson (1805–1843), poet; M.A. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1831; incumbent of St. Matthew's Chapel, Denmark Hill; won Seatouian prize at Cambridge nine times; his Poems collected, 1844.

[353] John Hanmer (1574–1629), bishop of St. Asaph; matriculated at Oriel College, Oxford, 1592; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1596; M.A., 1600; D.D., 1616; chaplain to James I; prebendary of Worcester, 1614; bishop of St. Asaph, 1624-9.

[354] John Hanmer (1642-1707), nonconformist minister; son of Jonathan Hanmer; graduated at St. John's College, Cambridge, 1662; pastor at Barnstaple, 1692-1708.

[355] Sir John Hanmer, Baron Hanmer (1809–1881), poet; succeeded as third baronet, 1828: educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford: whig M.P. for Shrewsbury, 1832-7, Hull, 1841-7, and Flint, 1847-77; created a peer. 1872; published Fra Cipolla and other poems 1839, Sonnets 1840, and Memorials of Family and Parish of Hanmer 1877.

[356] Jonathan Hanmer (1606–1687), divine; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1631; ejected from vicarage of Bishop's Tawton and lectureship of Barnstaple, 1662, where he founded, with Oliver Peard, the first nonconformist congregation; published An Exercitation upon Confirmation 1657; and A View of Antiquity 1677.

[357] Meredith Hanmer (1543–1604), historian; chaplain of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1567; M.A., 1572: D.D., 1582; vicar of St. Leonard's, Shoreditch, 1581-92; vicar of Islington, 1583-90; accused of celebrating an illegal marriage; went to Ireland, becoming archdeacon of Ross (1591), treasurer of Waterford (1593), vicar choral and prebendary of Christ Church, Dublin (1594-5), chancellor of Kilkenny (1603); published a translation of the histories of Eusebius, Socrates, and Evagrius, 1577; his Chronicle of Ireland printed by Sir James Ware, 1633.

[358] Sir Thomas Hanmer , fourth baronet (1677-1746), speaker; of Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; succeeded his uncle as baronet, 1701; tory M.P. for Thetford, 1701 and 1705-8, Flintshire, 1702-5, and Suffolk, 1708-27; chairman of the committee which made the representation of 1712; received in great state by Louis XIV at Paris, 1712; refused office from Harley and procured rejection of two articles of the commercial treaty, of 1713; speaker, 1714-15: chief of the Hanoverian tories; while in retirement, prepared sumptuous, but not critically very valuable, edition of Shakespeare, 1743-4: alluded to in the Dunciad as Montalto.

[359] James Hann (1799–1856), mathematician; calculator in Nautical Almanack office; mathematical master, at King's College School, London, till death; published works on mechanics and pure mathematics, including i Principles and Practice of the Machinery of Locomotive Engines 1850, and, with Olinthus Gilbert Gregory, Tables for the Use of Nautical Men 1841.

[360] Samuel Hanna (1772–1852), presbyterian divine; M.A. Glasgow, 1789; D.D., 1818; minister of Rosemary Street, Belfast, 1799; professor of divinity, Belfast Presbyterian College, 1817; first moderator of general assembly, 1840.

[361] William Hanna (1808–1882), theological writer; son of Samuel Hanna; colleague of Thomas Guthrie at Edinburgh, 1850-66; LL.D. Glasgow, 1852; D.D. Edinburgh, 1864; son-in-law of Chalmers, whose life he issued in 1849-52, afterwards editing his posthumous works; edited also Essays by Ministers of the Free Church of Scotland 1858, and Letters of Thomas Erskine of Linlathen 1877.

[362] John Hannah , the elder (1792–1867), Wesleyan minister; delegate to United States of Wesleyan conference, 1824 and 1856; secretary to conference, 1840-2, and 1854-8, president, 1842 and 1851; tutor of Didsbury, 1843-1867; published works, including a defence of infant baptism, 1866.

[363] John Hannah , the younger (1818–1888), archdeacon of Lewes; son of John Hannah the elder; scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1837; fellow of Lincoln, 1840; B.A., 1840; D.O.L., 1863; rector of the Edinburgh Academy, 1847-54: principal of Glenalmoud, 1854-70; Bampton lecturer, 1862; vicar of Brighton, 1870-87; archdeacon of Lewes, 1876-88; published, besides Bampton lectures, 1863,Courtly Poets from Raleigh to Montrose 1870.

[364] Richard Hannam (d. 1666), robber; imprisoned for burglary; escaped from England, robbed the Danish treasury and the queen of Sweden; returned to England with money entrusted to him by Rotterdam broker merchants; broke prison at Paris and in London after being sentenced to death; hanged for murder at Smithfield.

[365] William Hannan (d. 1775?), draughtsman and decorative painter.

[366] James Hannay (1827–1873), author and journalist; dismissal the navy for insubordination. 1845; edited Edinburgh Evening Courant 1860-4: consul at Barcelona, 1868-73; publishal Singleton Fontenoy 18W, and Eustace Conyers 1865, naval novels; published Satire and Satirist 1854, and Studies on Thackeray 1869.

[367] Patrick Hannay (d. 1629?), poet; master of chancery in Ireland, 1627; said to have died at sea; his 'Happy Husband* (1618-19) and Brathwait's Good Wife (1619) reissued with The Nightingale and other poems, 1622; facsimile of 1622 collection printed, 1875.

[368] Adriaen Hanneman (1601?–1668?), portraitpainter; resided in England, c. 1625-40; returned to the Hague and became first director of the new guild of St. Luke, 1656: executed portraits of Charles II, the duke of Hamilton, Vaudyck, and William III and Mary.

[369] Sir James Hannen, Baron Hannen (1821–1894), judge; educated at St. Paul's School and Heidelberg University; barrister, Middle Temple, 1848; bencher, 1878; joinel home circuit; junior counsel to treasury, 1863; judge of court of queen's bench, 1868; knightal, 1868; appointed serjeant-at-law, 1868; privy councillor, 1872; judge of courts of probate and divorce, 1872; president of probate, divorce, and admiralty division of high court, 1875-91; life baron and lord of appeal in ordinary, 1891; D.O.L. Oxford, 1888: president of Parnell commission, 1888; arbitrator in question of Behring Sea seal fisheries, 1892.

[370] Sir Edward Hannes (d. 1710), physician ; of Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford: M.A., 1689; M.D. 1695; attended William, duke of Gloucester, 1700; physician to Queen Anne, 1702; knighted, 1706.

[371] Thomas Hanney or de Hanneya (fl. 1313), author of Bodleian manuscript Memoriale Juniorum (a work on grammar).

[372] Thomas Hannibal (d. 1531), master of the rolls: D.C.L. Oxford, 1513; LL.D. Cambridge; ambassador at Rome, 1522-4; master of the rolls, 1523-7; frequently employed as diplomatist.

[373] James Hannington (1847–1885), bishop of Eastern equatorial Africa; M.A. St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 1875; D.D., 1884; curate in charge of St. George's, Hurstpierpoint, 1875-82; went out for the Church Missionary Society to Uganda, 1882; visited Palestine on way to Africa as bishop (1884-5); led expedition which reached Lake Victoria Nyanza, 1885; murdered by order of king of Uganda, 1885.

[374] King of Hanover . See Ernest Augustus, 1771-1851.

[375] Luke Hansard (1752–1828), printer; printed for the Dodsleys; printed House of Commons Journals from 1774.

[376] Thomas Curson Hansard (1776–1833), printer; eldest son of Luke Hansard; began to print parliamentary debates in 1803; imprisonal for libel as Cobbett's printer, 1810: patented improved hand-press; published Typographic1825.

[377] Morgan Joseph Hansbie (1673–1760), Dominican: rector at Louvain, 1717; provincial, 1721; prior of Bornhem and vicar-provincial of Belgium: vicarprovincial in England, 1738-42: vicar-general, 1747; an ardent Jacobite; published theological treatises.

[378] Edward Halifax Hansell (1814–1884), biblical scholar; educated at Norwich and Oxford; fellow of Magdalen College Oxford, 1847-53; M.A., 1838; B.D., 1847; afterward* divinity lecturer; Grinfield lecturer, 1861-2: vicar of East Ilsley, 1865-84: editedNov. Test. Gnec.... Ace. CollatioCod. Sinaitici(1864).

[379] Joseph Aloysius Hansom (1803 - 1882), architect and inventor; erected tin- Hirrninu'ham town hall, 1833; registered 4 Patent Safety Cab 1834, differing in many respects from present hansom: established The Builder 1842.

[380] John Hanson (fl. 1604), poet; B.A. Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1604; author of Time is a Turn-coate, or England's Threefold Metamorphosis (1604).

[381] John Hanson (fl. 1668?), author of The Sabbatarians confuted by the New Covenant 1668; of Pembroke College, Oxford.

[382] Sir Levett Hanson (1764–1814), author; schoolfellow of Nelson and friend of Warren Hastings; of Trinity and Emmanuel Colleges, Cambridge; councillor to the Grand Duke of Holstein and knight of St. Philip, 1780; knight vice-chancellor of St. Joachim, 1800; lived in many European states; imprisoned in Austria, 1794; published account of European orders of knighthood, 1803, and poems, 1811; died at Copenhagen.

[383] Sir Richard Davies Hanson (1805–1876), chief-justice of South Australia; edited the Globe in London: supported Edward Gibbon Wakefield's colonisation schemes: one of the founders of South Australia; accompanied Lord Durham to Canada, 1838: crown prosecutor in New Zealand, 1840-6; drafted constitution of South Australia, 1851-6: attorney-general, 1867-60: chief-justice of South Australia, 1861-74: knighted, 1869; sometime acting-governor; published works, including The Jesus of History 1869.

[384] Jonas Hanway (1712 - 1786), traveller and philanthropist; as partner of a St. Petersburg merchant made journey (1743-5) down the Volga and by the Caspian to Persia with a caravan of woollen goods, and returned after perilous adventures by the same route, 1746: left Russia and lived in London after 1760; published an account of his travels, 1763, an essay attacking tea-drinking (severely criticised by Johnson and Goldsmith) and other works mostly connected with his philanthropic undertakings; appointed commissioner of victualling office, 1762, as reward for public services. He is best known as one of the chief founders of the Marine Society (1766) and the Magdalen charity (1758) the reformer of the Foundling Hospital and the pioneer of the umbrella; a monument was erected to him in Westminster Abbey, 1788.

[385] George Harbin (fl. 1713), noujuror; B.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1686; chaplain to Bishop Turner of Ely and Viscount Weymouth; friend of Ken.

[386] Edward Harbord, third Baron Suffield (1781-1835), philanthropist; M.P., Great Yarmouth, 18061812, Shaftesbury, 1820-1; succeeded as peer, 1821; carried reforms concerning prison discipline and game-laws: abolitionist.

[387] William Harbord (1635?–1692), politician; secretary to Earl of Essex, 1672; took active part in attack on Danby in connection with popish plot; M.P., Thetford, 1679, Launceston, 1680 and 1681; volunteered in imperial army at Buda, 1686; accompanied William of Orange to England, 1688; privy councillor and paymaster-general, 1688-90: vice-treasurer of Ireland, 1690; sent as ambassador to Turkey to mediate between sultan and the emperor Leopold, 1691; died on his way at Belgrade.

[388] William Harborne (d. 1617), first English ambassador in Turkey, 1582-8; concluded treaty for the establishment of Turkey company, 1579; account of his return journey (1588) printed in Hakluyt's Voyages; manuscript account of his proceedings in Turkey in British Museum.

[389] Andrew Harclay, Harcla or Hartcla, Earl of Carlisle (d. 1323), sheriff of Cumberland, warden of the west marches and of Carlisle Castle; summoned as a baron to parliament, 1321; defeated and captured Earl Tlionn- of Lancaster at Borouirl" and executed him at Pontefract, 1322; created earl by Edward II, with patent specifying his services; executed at Carlisle for making compact with Bruce.

[390] Charles Harcourt (1838–1880), actor; real name Charles Parker Hillier; first appeared at St. James's Theatre, 1863; lessee of Marylebone Theatre, 1S71-2; best exponent of Mercutio after Vining's death.

[391] Edward Harcourt (1757–1847), archbishop of York; took name Harcourt on succession to family estates, 1831, being previously known as Vernon; educated at Westminster and Oxford; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1777; D.C.L., 1786: canon of Christ Church, 1785, and vicar of Sudbury: prebendary of ; Gloucester, 1785-91; bishop of Carlisle, 1791-1807; archbishop of York, 1807-47; privy councillor, 1808; member of Queen Charlotte's council; member of ecclesiastical commission, 1835.

[392] Henry Harcourt (1612–1673), Jesuit; real name Beaumont; spiritual coadjutor, 1643: published England's Old Religion faithfully gathered out of the Church of England 1650.

[393] John Harcourt alias Persall (1632–1702). See Persall.

[394] Leveson Vernon Harcourt (1788–1860), chancellor of York; author of Doctrine of the Deluge 1838; son of Edward Harcourt.

[395] Octavius Henry Cyril Vernon Harcourt (1793-1863), admiral; son of Edward Harcourt; saw active service in Egypt and at Toulon and Tarragona; captured martello tower and convoy at Piombo, 1814; surveyed coast of Central America, 1834-6: vice-admiral, 1861; built several churches and Masham almshouses.

[396] Robert Harcourt (1574?–1631), traveller; gentleman-commoner, St. Alban Hall, Oxford, 1590; went to Guiana and took possession of land for the crown, 1609; obtained letters patent for colonisation of Guiana; his company incorporated with Roger North's, 1626; his Relation of a Voyage to Guiana(1613) reprinted in Purchas.

[397] Sir Simon Harcourt (1603?–1642), soldier of fortune; son of Robert Harcourt; knighted, 1627; served Prince of Orange against Spaniards; commanded regiment against Scots, 1639-40; governor of Dublin, 1641; mortally wounded by rebels at Kilgobbin Castle.

[398] Simon Harcourt (1684–1720), second son of Simon Harcourt, first viscount Harcourt; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1712; secretary to the society of Brothers; M.P.. Wallingford and Abingdon; wrote verses in preface to Pope's Works(1717); his epitaph composed by Pope.

[399] Simon Harcourt, first Viscount Harcourt (1661?-1727), of Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire; B.A. Pembroke College, Oxford, 1678; D.C.L., 1702; barrister, Inner Temple, 1683; recorder of Abingdon, 1683; tory M.P. for Abingdon, 1690-1705, Bossiney, 1705-8, Cardigan, 1710; directed impeachment of Somers, 1701; as solicitorgeneral (1702-7) took part in prosecuting Defoe.(1703) and asserting jurisdiction of the Commons in election petitions, 1704; as commissioner for the union drafted Ratification Bill, 1707; attorney-general, 1707-8; ably defended Sacheverell, 1710; privy councillor, 1710; lord keeper, 1710; created Baron Harcourt. 1711; lord chancellor, 1713-14; obtained acquittal of Oxford and pardon of Bolingbroke;created viscount, 1721, re-admitted privy councillor, 1722: several times a lord justice; best speaker of his day; friend of Bolingbroke, Pope, and Swift.

[400] Simon Harcourt, first Earl Harcourt (1714-1777), son of Simon Harcourt (1684-1720): educated at Westminster: attended George. II at Dettingen, 1743: created Viscount Harcourt of Nuneham-Courtney and Earl Harcourt of Stanton Harcourt, 1749; privy councillor. 1761; governor to Prince of Wales, 1761-2; envoy to Mecklenburg-Strelitz for the Prince of Wales's marriage with Princess Charlotte, 1761; ambassador at Paris, 1768 1772; viceroy of Ireland, 1772-7; recommended tax on absentees, and created numerous peers; drowned in attempt to extricate his dog from a well at Nunenam.

[401] Thomas Harcourt (1618–1679), Jesuit; real name Whitbread: pn.ir-fl. 1652; on English mission thirty-two years; while provincial refused Titus Oates admission to the Jesuit order: was convicted of complicity in the popish plot on Oates's evidence, and was executed.

[402] William Harcourt alias Waring (1610–1679). See Waring.

[403] William Harcourt (1625–1679), Jesuit; real name Aylworth; missioner in England and Holland; died at Haarlem: manuscript account at Brussels of his escape during popish plot

[404] William Harcourt, third Earl Harcourt (1743-1830), fleld-marshal; son of Simon Harcourt, first earl; succeeded his brother in peerage, 1809; aide-decamp to Lord Albemarle at Havannah, 1762; M.P., Oxford, 1768-74: commanded 16th light dragoons in America, and captured General Charles Lee, 1776; lieutenant-general, 1793; commanded cavalry in Flanders under Duke of York, 1793-4, whom he succeeded in chief command; general, 1796; field-marshal and Q.C.B. at coronation of George IV.

[405] William Vernon Harcourt (1789–1871), general secretary to first meeting of British Association (York, 1831); son of Edward Harcourt; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1814; student of Christ Church; canon of York, 1824; rector of Wheldrake and Bolton Percy; F.R.S., 1824; carried on chemical experiments with Davy and Wollaston; president of British Association at Birmingham, 1839.

[406] Thomas Hardcastle (d. 1678?), ejected minister; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1656; ejected from Bramley, Yorkshire, 1662; frequently imprisoned for nonconformity; baptist minister at Broad mead, Bristol, 1670-8.

[407] Geoffrey Hardeby (fl. 1360?), Austin friar; provincial of his order: confessor (and perhaps councillor) to Richard II; wrote treatise in answer to Archbishop Fitzralph's attack upon evangelical poverty

[408] Hardecanute, Hardacnut or Harthacnut (1019?–1042), king; younger son of Canute or Cnut and Emma; succeeded his father on throne of Denmark, 1035; chosen king of Wessex in absence, 1037; concerted measures for invasion of England at Bruges with Emma, 1039; chosen king of England on death of Harold, his reputed half-brother, 1040; disinterred and insulted the body of King Harold; levied heavy danegelds, 1041; invited his half-brother Edward (the Confessor) to court, 1041; died suddenly at a bridal feast.

[409] John Hardham (d. 1772), tobacconist; employed by Garrick at Drury Lane; at his shop in Fleet Street sold the celebrated 37 snuff, which Reynolds used to take; left money to pay poor rates at his native place, Chicbester.

[410] James Hardiman (1790?–1855), Irish writer; sub-commissioner of the records at Dublin, afterwards librarian of Queen's College, Galway; published works, including History of County and Town of Galway 1820, and Irish Minstrelsy... with English Poetical Translations 1831.

[411] Simon Hardime (1672–1737), flower-painter, of Antwerp; lived in London, 1720-37.

[412] Harding or St. Stephen (d. 1134), abbot of Citeaux; born and educated at Sherborne; visited Scotland, Paris, and Rome; received tonsure at Moleme in Burgundy; left it in order to observe a stricter rule; founded with Robert, abbot of Moleme, house at Citeaux, from which the Cistercian order derived its name; abbot, 1110-33; founded thirteen other abbeys (including Clairvaux, 1115, of which he made Bernard abbot) under the severe Cistercian rule; by his charter of charity (confirmed by Calixtus II, 1119) exempt from episcopal visitation; his constitutions approved at council of Treves (1127), and the white habit adopted; canonised; Cistercian houses exempted from episcopal jurisdiction and payment of tithe hy Innocent II, 1132.

[413] Anne Raikes Harding (1780-1858), novelist and miscellaneous writer.

[414] Edward Harding (1755–1840), librarian to Queen Charlotte, 1803-18, and to the Duke of Cumberland, 18181840; brother of Silvester Harding.

[415] '^ George Perfect Harding (d. 1853), portrait painter and copyist; son of Silvester Harding; made water-colour copies of old portraits; exhibited at Royal Academy; helped to establish Granger Society, 1840; published portrait*, of deans of Westminster ( 181823), and supplied plates to J. H. Jeme (1840) and other writers.

[416] James Duffield Harding (1798–1863), landscape-painter and lithographer; exhibited with Watercolour Society from 1818 (member, 1821): unsuccessfully tried oil-painting; abandoned exclusive UK of transparent colours. He brought lithography to perfection, invented lithotint, and introduced tinted paper for sketches: published Principles and Practice of Art and other manual*; 'Picturesque Selections(1861) his first achievement in lithography.

[417] John Harding (1378–1466?). See Hardyng.

[418] John Harding (1805–1874), bishop of Bombay; of Westminster and Worcester College, Oxford; B.A., 1826; D.D., 1861; rector of St. Andrew's and St. Anne's, Blackfriars, 1836-51; bishop of Bombay, 1851-69; secretary of Pastoral Aid Society.

[419] Samuel Harding (fl. 1641), dramatist: B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1638; his tragedy, Sicily and Naples, issued 1640.

[420] Silvester Harding (1746–1809), artist and publisher; established with his brother, Edward Harding, a book- and print-shop, 1786, and issued works illustrated by himself, including The Biographical Mirrour 1796.

[421] Thomas Harding (1516–1572), divine; educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford; fellow of New College, 1536; M.A., 1542; Hebrew professor and chaplain to Henry Grey, marquis of Dorchester (afterwards Duke of Suffolk); named warden of New College by Edward VI; abandoned protestantism and became chaplain to Gardiner and (1556) treasurer of Salisbury; in reign of Elizabeth retired to Lou vain; carried on a long controversy with John Jewel, 1564-8; died at Louvain.

[422] Thomas Harding (d. 1648), historian; B.D. Oxford; second master of Westminster, 1610; rector of Souldera, 1622-48; bis history of England to 1626 recommended for publication by parliament, 1641, but never issued.

[423] William Harding (1792–1886), author of 'History of Tiverton 1847: served in the Peninsular campaign from 1812: retired as lieutenant-colonel, 1841.

[424] Sir Arthur Edward Hardinge (1828–1892), general; second son of Sir Henry Hardinge, first viscount Hardinge: educated at Eton; ensign, 1844; served in first Sikh war; lieutenant, 1845: lieutenant and captain, 1849; served in Crimea on quartermaster-general's staff, 1854-6: lieutenant-colonel, 1855; C.B.,1857; brevet colonel, 1858; equerry successively to Prince Albert and Queen Victoria; major-general, 1871: general, 1883; commanded Bombay army, 1881-5; governor of Gibraltar, 1886-90; K.C.B. and C.I.E., 1886.

[425] Charles Stewart Hardinge, second Viscount Hardinge (1822-1894), son of Sir Henry Hardinge, first viscount Hardinge; educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1844; private secretary to his father in India from 1844: conservative M.P. for Downpatrick, 1851-6; under-secretary for war, 1858-9; trustee of National Portrait Gallery, 1868-94, and chairman of board from 1876.

[426] George Hardinge (1743–1816), author; the Jefferies Hardsman of Byron's Don Juan; son of Nicholas Hardinge; of Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A. by royal mandate, 1769; barrister, Middle Temple, 1769; solicitor-general (1782) and attorney-general to Queen Charlotte, 1794: senior justice of Brecon, Glamorgan, and Radnor, 1787-1816; counsel for East India Company against Fox's India Bill, 1783; tory M.P. for Old Sarum, 1784-1807; friend of Horace Waipole: F.S.A., 1769; P.R.S., 1788; published Letters to Rt. Hon. E. Burke an impeachment of Hastings, 1791, Essence of Malone 1800 and 1801, and Rowley and Chatterton in tbe Shades 1782. His Miscellaneous Works edited, 1818.

[427] George Nicholas Hardinge (1781–1808), captain in the navy; nephew and adopted son of George Hardinge; received post-rank for cutting out the Dutch Atalante in the Roads, Texel, 1804; took part in capture of the Cape; killed at capture of French cruiser Piedmontaise off Ceylon; voted public monument in St. Paul's Cathedral.

[428] Sir Henry Hardinge, first Viscount Hardinge of Lahore (1785-1856), field-marshal; brother of George Nicholas Hardinge; deputy assistant quartermaster-general of force under Brent Spencer, which joined Wellesley and fought at Rolica and Vimeira; with Moore in last moments at Coruna, 1809; deputy quartermaster-general of Portuguese army; urged final advance of Sir Galbraith Lowry Cole at Albuera, 1811; wounded at Vittoria, 1813; commanded Portuguese brigade at storming of Palais, 1814; K.C.B., 1815; watched Napoleon's movements for Wellington on escape from Elba, 1815; British commissioner with Blücher at battle of Quatre Bras; commissioner with Prussians in France till 1818; tory M.P. for Durham, 1820-30, Newport (Cornwall), 1830-4, Launceston, 1834-44; secretary at war, 1828-30 and 18411844; Irish secretary, 1830 and 1834-5; lieutenant-general, 1841; G.C.B., 1844; governor-general of India, 1844-7; served as second in command to Sir Hugh Gough in first Sikh war, 1845; created a peer, with pension for three lives, 1846; annulled Bentinck's order abolishing corporal punishment in native regiments; endeavoured to abolish suttee in native states; originated carrying of soldiers kits at public expense. Though not a general till 1854, he was commander-in-chief, 1852-5; field-marshal, 1855.

[429] Nicholas Hardinge (1699–1758), clerk to the House of Commons; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; fellow; M.A., 1726; clerk to House of Commons, 1731-52; M.P., Eye, 1748-58; joint secretary to the treasury, 1752; his Poems, Latin, Greek, and English published, 1818.

[430] Edward Townley Hardman (1845–1887), geologist; accompanied Hon. J. Forrest's expedition to report on mineral resources of Kimberley, West Australia, and discovered goldfield near the Napier Range, 1883-5; a range of Australian mountains named after him.

[431] Frederick Hardman (1814–1874), novelist and journalist; joined British legion in Spain, 1834; foreign correspondent of the Times at Madrid, Constantinople, in the Crimea and Danubian provinces, Italy, France, and Paris; published stories, contributed to Black wood; died at Paris.

[432] Sir Thomas Hardres (1610–1681), serjeant-atlaw; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1669; king's serjeant, 1675; M.P., Canterbury, 1679-81; knighted; hisReports of Oases in the Exchequer, 1655-70issued, 1693.

[433] Charles Hardwick (1821–1859), archdeacon of Ely; fellow of St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge, 1845; M.A., 1847; professor of divinity, Queen's College, Birmingham, 1853; divinity lecturer at King's College, Cambridge, 1855; archdeacon of Ely, 1857; edited catalogue of Cambridge University MSS. (vols. i-iii. 1856-8) and works for Percy Society and Rolls Series: published also history of the Articles of Religion (1851) and of the Christian Church (ed. Stubbs, 1872); killed by falling over a precipice in the Pyrenees.

[434] Charles Hardwick (1817–1889), antiquary; published works, including History... of Friendly Societies 1859 and 1869, Traditions, Superstitions, and Folk-Lore 1872, and On Some Antient Battlefields in Lancashire 1882.

[435] John Hardwick (1791–1875), magistrate at Lambeth (1821) and Marlborough Street, 1841-66; eldest son of Thomas Hardwick; fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, 1808-22; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1816; D.C.L., 1830.

[436] Philip Hardwick (1792–1870), architect: youngest son of Thouias Hardwick; exhibited drawings at Academy, including his buildings at St. Katharine's Docks and Eustou Railway station, and designs for Lincoln's Inn; F.S.A., 1824; F.R.S., 1831; R.A., 1841; vice-president of Institute of British Architects, 1839 and 1841; treasurer of Royal Academy, 1850-C1.

[437] Thomas Hardwick (1752–1829), architect: pupil and biographer of Sir W. Chambers; exhibited at Academy, 1772-1805; designed Galway Gaol, Marylebone Church, and other London buildings: F.S.A., 1781; advised J. M. W. Turner to abandon architecture.

[438] Earls of Hardwicke . See YORKK, PHILIP, first Earl 1690–1764: YORKE, PHILIP, second EARL, 1720–1790; YORKE, PHILIP, third EARL, 1757-1834; YORKE, CHARLES PHILIP, fourth EARL, 1799-1873.

[439] Sir Charles Hardy, the elder (1680?–1744), vice-admiral; entered navy as volunteer, 1695; served under Norris and Wager in the Baltic and at Gibraltar: commanded royal yacht Carolina, 1730-42; knighted, 1742; vice-admiral and a lord of the admiralty, 1743.

[440] Sir Charles Hardy, the younger (1716?–1780), admiral; son of Sir Charles Hardy the elder; entered navy as volunteer, 1731; tried for loss of convoy to Newfoundland, 1744, but acquitted, 1745; governor of New York, 1755-7; knighted, 1755: rear-admiral, 1756; second in command under Hawke at Brest and Quiberon Bay, 1759; admiral, 1770; governor of Greenwich, 1771; M.P., Portsmouth, 1774; commander, Channel fleet, 1779.

[441] Elizabeth Hardy (1794–1854), novelist (anonymous); died in Queen's Bench Prison.

[442] Francis Hardy (1751–1812), biographer ; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1771; barrister, 1777; M.P., Mullingar, in Irish parliament, 1782-1800; commissioner of appeals, 1806; friend of Grattan; published Memoirs ... of James Caulfield, Earl of Charlemout 1810.

[443] John Stockdale Hardy (1793–1849), antiquary and ecclesiastical lawyer; F.S.A., 1826; his Literary Remains published by John Gough Nichols, 1852.

[444] Lady Mary Anne Hardy (1825?–1891), novelist and traveller; daughter of Charles MacDowell; married Sir Thomas Duffus Hardy; travelled in America and other countries; published novels and books of travel.

[445] Nathaniel Hardy (1618–1670), dean of Rochester; B.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1635; M.A. Hart Hall t Oxford, 1638; D.D., 1660; rector of St. Dionis Backchurch, Fenchurch Street, 1660; dean of Rochester, 1660; vicar of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, 1661; archdeacon of Lewes, 1667; active in restoring churches; his lectures on 1st Epistle of St. John (1656 and 1669) republished, 1865.

[446] Samuel Hardy (1636–1691), nonconformist minister; B.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1659; minister of peculiars at Oharminster, 1660-7, and Poole, 1667-82; i ejected by royal commission for nonconformity, 1682; Guide to Heaven attributed to him by Oalamy.

[447] Sir Thomas Hardy (1666–1732), vice-admiral : cousin of Sir Charles Hardy the elder; first lieutenant under George Churchill at Barfleur; ! knighted for services under Rooke at Vigo, 1702; present at Malaga, 1704; commander at the Nore, 1711; M.P., Weymouth, 1711; captured convoy in North Sea, 1712; I second in command under Norris in Baltic, 1715; said to have been dismissed for Jacobitism, but reinstated; vice admiral; buried in Westminster Abbey.

[448] Thomas Hardy or Hardie (1748–1798), Scottish divine; published Principles of Moderation (1782), advocating repeal of Queen Anne's acts (1712) and substitution of parochial committee for single patron: colleague of Hugh Blair in high church, Edinburgh, 1783-6; minister of New North Church (now west St. Giles), 1786, and professor of church history at Edinburgh; moderator, 1793; dean of Chapel Royal, 1794.

[449] Thomas Hardy 1752-1832), radical politician and bootmaker; founded London Corresponding Societyto promote parliamentary reform, 1792: with high treason with Home Tooke and others, but defended by Erskine, and acquitted, 1794; pensioned by Sir Francis Burdett; autobiographical memoir issued posthumously, 1832.

[450] Sir Thomas Duffus Hardy (1804–1878), archivist; trained under Petrie; edited Modus tenendi Parliamentum 1846; as deputy-keeper of Record Office from 1861 to 1876 edited documents for Rolls Series; member of Historical MSS. Commission, 1869; knighted, 1873; D.C.L. and LL.D.

[451] Sir Thomas Masterman Hardy, first baronet (1769-1839), vice-admiral; lieutenant in the Minerva at her capture of the Sabina, defending which prize he was made prisoner, 1796; exchanged in time to be present at St. Vincent, 1797; at Santa Cruz directed cutting out of the Mutine, which he commanded at the Nile, 1798; flag captain of Nelson in the Vanguard and Foudroyant, 1799, in the San Josef and the St. George, 1801, in the Amphion and the Victory, 1803-5: created baronet, 1806; commodore and commander on South American station, 1819-24: first sea lord at admiralty, 1830: G.C.B., 1831; governor of Greenwich Hospital, 1834; vice-admiral, 1837.

[452] Sir William Hardy (1807–1887), archivist; brother of Sir Thomas Duffus Hardy q. v.; keeper of duchy of Lancaster records, 1830-68; deputy-keeper of public records, 1878-86; on Historical MSS. Commission, 1878; knighted, 1883; calendared Lancaster records; edited Charters of Duchy of Lancaster 1845, and Jehan de Waurin's Recueil des Croniques (Rolls Series).

[453] Lucius Ferdinand Hardyman (1771–1834), rear-admiral; midshipman at Dominica, 1782; first lieutenant of the Si by lie at her capture of the Forte, 1799; commanded the Unicorn at Monte Video, 1807, and at the Basque Roads, 1809; C.B., 1815; rear-admiral, 1830.

[454] John Hardyng (1378–1465?), chronicler; in the service first of Hotspur (Sir Henry Percy), afterwards of Sir Robert Umfreville; present at battle of Homildon, 1402, and of Agincourt, 1415; constable of Kyme Castle, Lincolnshire; received grants of land for documents which he pretended to have procured in Scotland containing admissions of the feudal subordination of Scottish kings to English crown. His chronicle in its original form (Lancastrian) ended 1436; the version (Yorkist) presented to Edward IV reached 1461. Grafton printed two versions varying from these original forms and eacli other, 1543.

[455] Augustus William Hare (1792–1834), divine; son of Francis Hare-Naylor; adopted by his aunt, widow of Sir William Jones, 1797; of Winchester and New College, Oxford; tutor of New College, 1818; incumbent of Alton-Barnes, 1829-34; joint author of Guesses at Truth 1827; died at Rome.

[456] Francis Hare (1671–1740), bishop of Chichester; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge, where he was tutor of (Sir) Robert Walpole; M.A., 1696; D.D., 1708; chaplain-general in Flanders, 1704; a royal chaplain; defended Marlborough and answered Swift's Conduct of the Allies 1711; fellow of Eton, 1712; rector of Barnes, 1713-23; dean of Worcester, 1715-26; took part against Hoadly in Bangorian controversy, c. 1718; dean of St. Paul's, 1726-40; bishop of St. Asaph, 1727-31; bishop of Chichester, 1731-40; his preaching complimented in the Dunciad (iii. 204); rival of Bentley in Latin scholarship; patron of Warburton and Markland; his Hebrew edition of Psalms attacked by Lowth, 1736; his Difficulties and Discouragements... in the way of Private Judgement (1714) censured by convocation, but often reprinted; published edition of Terence, forestalling Bentley, 1724.

[457] Henry Hare, second Baron Coleraine (1636-1708), antiquary; succeeded his father, Hugh Hare, first Baron Coleraine, 1667; built vestry and family vault at Tottenham, of which he left manuscript account.

[458] Henry Hare, third Baron Coleraine(1693–1749), antiquary: grandson of Henry Hare, second baron Coleraine; of Corpus Christi College, Oxford; F.S.A., 1725 (frequently vlce-pres.., 1730; member of Spaldiug Society: patron of Vertue; M.P., Boston, 1730-4; visited luly wltfi Conyers Middlcton, collecting prints and drawings of antiquities.

[459] Hugh Hare, first Baron Coleraine in Irish peerage (1606?-1667), eccentric royalist; created Irish peer, 1625; supplied Charles I with money in the civil war, during which he lost 40,0007.: declined an English peerage: his translation of Loredano's paraphrases onThe Fifteen Psalms of Decreesissued 1681, and The Situation of Paradise found out (spiritual romance) 1683.

[460] Hugh Hare (1668–1707), translator; son of Henry Hare, second baron Coleraine: took part in translation of Luciau (published 1710) and rendered from Italian Mascardi account of the conspiracy of Count de Fieschi against Genoa, 1693.

[461] James Hare (1749–1804), wit and friend of Charles James Fox; educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford; M.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1791; M.P., Stockbridge, 1772-4, Knaresborough, 1781-1804; ambassador at Warsaw, 1779-82; ruined by losses at cards.

[462] Julius Charles Hare (1795–1855), archdeacon of Lewes: son of Francis Hare-Naylor; educated at Charterhouse and Trinity College, Cambridge; intimate with Whewell and Kenelm Digby: fellow of Trinity College, 1818; classical lecturer, 1822: incumbent of Hurstmonceaux, 1832, where John Sterling was his curate and Bunsen his neighbour; joint author of 'Guesses at Truth 1827; published translations (with notes) of Niebuhr's History of Rome (with Thirlwall), 1828-32, and other German works, also The Victory of Faith 1840, The Mission of the Comforter 1846, vindications of Niebuhr, Luther, and others, and Miscellaneous Pamphlets on Church Questions 1855; edited Philological Museum 1833.

[463] Sir Nicholas Hare (d. 1557), judge; educated at Gonville Hall, Cambridge; autumn reader of Inner Temple, 1532; M.P., Downton, 1529, Norfolk, 1539-40, Lancaster, 1544-5; defended Wolsey, 1530; recorder of Norwich, 1536; knighted, 1537; master of requests, 1537 (again, 1552); when speaker imprisoned for advising Sir John Skelton bow to evade Statute of Uses in bis will, 1540; chief-justice of Chester and Flint, 1540-5; instrumental in passing Treason Act of 1551-2; master of the rolls, 1 553; commissioner during vacancy of great seal, 1555.

[464] Robert Hare (d. 1611), antiquary; son of Sir Nicholas Hare; clerk of the pells, 1560-71: M.P., Dunwich, 1563; presented manuscripts and books to Caius College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and to the universities collections relating to their history and privileges,

[465] Thomas Hare (1806–1891), political reformer; barrister, Inner Temple, 1833; bencher, 1872; reported in Vice-chancellor Wigram's court from 1841; inspector of charities, 1853, and assistant-commissioner, with seat on board, 1872; published works relating to a scheme to secure proportional representation in electoral assemblies of all classes in the kingdom, and other political questions.

[466] William Hare (fl. 1829), criminal; accomplice of the murderer William Burke (1792-1829); indicted for the murder of James Wilson, one of the victims; t at liberty, 1829, from the Tolbootb, the law officers having decided that be could not legally be put on his trial.

[467] Francis Hare-Naylor (1753–1816), author; grandson of Francis Hare; intimate with Fox and the Duchess of Devonshire, who gave him an annuity to enable him to marry her cousin: lived many years at Bologna in friendly intercourse with Clotilda Tambroni (female professor) and Mezzofanti, and afterwards at Weimar; published works, including History of Germany from the landing of Gustavus to Treaty of Westphalia issued 1816; died at Tours.

[468] Harewood, second Earl of (1767–1841). See Henry Lascelles.

[469] Henry Harflete (.rf. 1653), author ; member of Gray's Inn, 1630; published The Hunting of the Fox, or Flattery Displayed H532, Vox Coelorum (a defence of William Lilly), "and A Banquet of Esaayes, fetcht out of Famous Owens Confectionary 1653.

[470] John Scandrett Harford (1785–1866), biographer; educated at Christ's College, Cambridge; one of the founders of Lampeter College; D.C.L. Oxford, 1822; F.R.S., 1823: the Coelebs of Hannah More, of whom he published reminiscences in Recollections of V. Wilberforce during nearly thirty years 1864; published also lives of Michael Angelo (1857, 2 vols.) and of Bishop Burgess, 1840.

[471] Sir William Hargood (1762–1839), admiral; served under Sir Peter Parker (1721-1811) in attack on Sullivan's island, 1776; captured by Spaniards at Pensacola, 1781; with Rodney at Dominica, 1782; captain, 1790; captured by the Concorde, 1792; commanded the Belleisle under Nelson at Toulon and Trafalgar, 1804-6; vice-admiral, 1814; admiral and G.C.B., 1831; corresponded with William IV.

[472] Francis Hargrave (1741?–1821), legal antiquary; treasurer of Lincoln's Inn; prominent in the Sommersett habeas corpus case, 1772; recorder of Liverpool, 1797; edited State Trials (Henry IV to 19 George III), 1776, Hale's Jurisdiction of the Lords House 1796, and (with Charles Butler) Coke upon Lyttleton 1775; published also Collection of Tracts relative to the Law of England 1787, Collectanea Juridica 1791-2, and other works.

[473] Edward Hammond Hargraves (1816–1891), pioneer of gold-mining in Australia; sheep-farmer in Sydney, 1834-49; began gold-mining at Lewis Ponds Creek, near Bathurst, 1851; temporary commissioner of crown lands, 1851; published Australia and its Goldfields 1855.

[474] Charles James Hargreave (1820–1866), lawyer and mathematician; LL.D. London; hon. LL.D. Dublin, 1852; barrister, Inner Temple, 1844; bencher, 1851; reader, 1866; professor of jurisprudence at University College, London, 1843-9; F.R.S., 1844; commissioner of incumbered estates, 1849-58; judge of landed estate court, 1858-66; drew Record of Title Bill; gold medallist, Royal Society, for paper On the Solution of Linear Differential Equations; wrote other important mathematical essays.

[475] James Hargreaves (d. 1778), inventor of the spinning-jenny; employed by Robert Peel (grandfather of the statesman) to construct improved carding-machine, e. 1760; supposed to have invented spinning-jenny, c. 1764 (patented, 1770); his house and machinery destroyed by mob, 1768; appropriated Arkwright's improved carding-machine,

[476] James Hargreaves (1768–1845), baptist minister; at Bolton, Ogden (1798-1822), Wild Street, London, and Waltham Abbey Cross (1828-45); secretary to Peace Society; published Life and Memoir of the Rev. John Hirst of Bacup 1816, and Essays and Letters on important Theological Subjects 1833.

[477] Thomas Hargreaves (1775–1846), miniaturepainter; apprenticed to Sir Thomas Lawrence; original member of Society of British Artists; executed miniatures of Mr. Gladstone and his sister as children, of Mrs. Gladstone, and Sir Thomas Lawrence.

[478] Ely Hargrove (1741–1818), author of 'History of... Knaresborough 1769, Anecdotes of Archery with life of Robin Hood, 1792, and Yorkshire Gazetteer 1806.

[479] William Hargrove (1788–1862), topographer and journalist; son of Ely Hargrove; thirty-five years editor of the York Herald; sheriff of York, 1831; published History and Description of the ancient city of York 1818, and New Guide to York 1842, and other works.

[480] Sir Edward Harington (1763?–1807), author; son of Henry Harington (1727-1816); knighted as mayor of Bath, 1795; published Excursion from Paris to Fontainebleau 1786, A Schizzo on the Genius of Man J793, and other works.

[481] Edward Charles Harington (1804–1881); chancellor and sub-dean of Exeter; grandson of Sir Edward Harington; M.A. Worcester College, Oxford, 1833; chancellor of Exeter, 1847, and canon residentiary, 1856; gav money for repair of Exeter Cathedral; left bequest* to th chapter; published theological works.,

[482] Henry Harington (1755–1791), compiler of Nugae Antiqtue(family papers belonging to his father, Henry Harington, 1727-1816 ); M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1777; D.D., 1788; minor canon of Norwich; second enlarged edition of his Nugae Antiquae 1779.

[483] Henry Harington (1727–1816), musician and author; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1752; M.D., 1762; physician at Wells and Bath; mayor of Bath; founded Bath Harmonic Society; published collections of songs, glees, trios, and duets, and separate compositions. His other works include Geometrical Analogy of the Doctrine of the Trinity 1806.

[484] John Harington (fl. 1550), treasurer to Henry VIII's camps and buildings; married the king's natural daughter, Etheldreda, 1546, and inherited monastic forfeitures in Somerset; imprisoned in the Tower with his second wife, in company with Princess Elizabeth, 1554.

[485] Sir John Harington (1561–1612), wit and author; son of John Harington (fl. 1550); godson of Queen Elizabeth; educated at Eton and Christ's College, Cambridge; studied at Lincoln's Inn; compelled by Queen Elizabeth to translate Orlando Furioso (issued, 1591, with preface, An Apologie of Poetrie); as high sheriff of Somerset, 1592, entertained Elizabeth at Eelstou; forMetamorphosis of Ajaxand other satires, 1596, banished from court; accompanied Essex to Ireland, 1698; knighted by Essex, 1598; deputed by Essex to appease the queen's anger against him, but sent out of her presence; wrote and handed to the queen a journal of the proceedings of Essex; wrote an account of Elizabeth's last days, and a Tract on the Succession to the Crown in the interest of James VI (printed, 1880); offered to go to Ireland as chancellor and archbishop, 1605; for instruction of Henry, prince of Wales, wrote appendix to Godwin'sDe Pnesulibus AngliaeBriefe View of Church of England in Q. Elizabeth's and K. James his Reigne 1653); his collected Epigrams issued, 1618; letters and miscellaneous writings in Nugae Antiquae (first published, 1769).

[486] John Harington, first Baron Harington of Exton (d. 1613), cousin of Sir John Harington; created a peer at coronation of James 1, 1603; guardian of Princess Elizabeth at Combe Abbey; prevented her abduction by gunpowder plotters, 1605; escorted her to Germany on her marriage to the elector palatine, 1613; died at Worms on return journey: given (1613) three years patent for coining brass-farthings (Haringtons).

[487] John Harington, second Baron Harington of Exton (1592–1614), son of John Harington, first baron ; friend and correspondent of Henry, prince of Wales; benefactor of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; funeral ode on him written by Donne.

[488] John Herbert Harington (d. 1828), orientalist; chief judge of the Sudder Dewanuy and Nizamut Adawlut, 1811: governor-general's agent at Delhi, 1823; member of supreme council and president of board of trade, 1825; editedPersian and Arabic Works of Sa'dee 1791-6.

[489] Thomas Hariot (1560–1621 ). See Harriott.

[490] Henry Harkeley (fl. 1316), chancellor of Oxford University, 1313-16; author of theological works.

[491] Robert Harkness (1816–1878), geologist : educated at Dumfries and Edinburgh University; professor of geology, Queen's College, Cork, 1863-78: F.R.S.E., 1864: F.R.S., 1856; wrote papers on geology of south-western Scotland and English Lake district.

[492] John Harland (1806–1868), reporter and antiquary; introduced improvements in stenography; edited works for Chetham Society; published Lancashire Lyrics, Lancashire Ballads and Lancashire Folk-lore.

[493] Sir Robert Harland, baronet (1715?–1784), admiral; prominent in capture of Magnunime, 1748; second in command under Keppel at Ushant, 1778; a lord of the admiralty, 1782-3; admiral, 1782.

[494] Lady Brilliana Harley (1600?–1643), letter writer; daughter of Edward, afterwards viscount, Conway; third wife of Sir Robert Harley, 1623; died while besieged at Brampton Bryan Castle, 1643; her letters (1625-43) printed, 1854.

[495] Sir Edward Harley (1624–1700), governor of Dunkirk; eldest son of Sir Robert Harley; distinguished as parliamentarian officer at Red Marley, ! 1644; general of horse for Herefordshire and Radnor, 1645; M.P., Herefordshire, 1646 and 1656; impeached I for supporting the disbanding ordinance, 1648; member of council of state, 1659; governor of Dunkirk, 1660-1; opposed sale of Dunkirk, 1661; K.B.; during reign of Charles II opposed in parliament legislation against nonconformists; sat also in first, third, and fourth parliaments of William III; published theological tracts,

[496] Edward Harley (1664–1735), auditor of the imprest; son of Sir Edward Harley; educated at Westminster: barrister, Middle Temple; acted in revolution of 1688: recorder of Leominster, 1692; M.P., Leominster, 1698-1722; published Harmony of the Four Gospels 1733 (anon.)

[497] Edward Harley, second Earl of Oxford (1689-1741), collector; son of Robert Harley, first earl , whom he succeeded, 1724; friend and correspondent of Pope and Swift: patron of Vertue and Oldys; circulated second edition of the Dunciad 1729; an assignee of the copyright of third edition; added to his father's collection of books and manuscripts; his books, i prints, and pamphlets sold to Thomas Osborne, 1742, and j manuscripts to the British Museum.

[498] George Harley (1791–1871), water-colour painter and drawing-master.

[499] George Harley (1829–1896), physician; M.D. Edinburgh, 1860; house surgeon and physician to Edinburgh Royal Infirmary; studied physiology and chemistry at Paris; president of Parisian Medical Society, 1853: lecturer on practical physiology and histology at University College, London, 1855; fellow of Chemical Society and F.C.P. Edinburgh, 1858; professor of medical jurisprudence at University College, 1859, and physician to the hospital, 1860; F.R.S., 1865; published medical works.

[500] George Davies Harley (d. 1811?), actor and author: known as the Norwich Roscius; real name Davies; played Richard III and other Shakespearean parts at Covent Garden, 1789-91, and old men in the country; supported Mrs. Siddons at Dublin, 1802: published verse and biographical sketch of William Henry West Betty, the celebrated young Hoscins 1803.

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