Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/DNB Epitome 12

This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 12 running from name Conder to name Craigie.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 12 Conder - Craigie. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

{{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: ^{[link currently leads to a wrong person]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text ^{[disambiguation needed]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - Y
{{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - Y Y
{{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - Y N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

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There is now a painting by this guy at File:Skiddaw from derwentwater by Richard Corbould.jpg.

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^ James Conder (1763–1823), numismatist ; youngest son of John Conder; published a catalogue of modern Provincial Coins, Tokens &c., 1798.
^ John Conder (1714–1781), congregational minister; educated in London; pastor at Cambridge, 1739-54; D.D.; theological tutor in a London dissenting academy, 1754-81; preacher in London.
^ Josiah Conder (1789–1855), bookseller and author; son of a London bookseller; assistant in his father's shop, 1802; wrote verses for periodicals, 1806; bookseller in London, 1811-19; edited the Eclectic Review 1814-37, the Patriot 1832-55, nonconformist periodicals; brought out the Modern Traveller thirty volumes of travels, 1825-9; published also verses, essays, and religious tracts.
^ Condlaed of Kildare, latinised Conlianus (d. 520), bishop and saint; commemorated on 3 May; a relative of St. Brigit q. v.j; spiritual director of Brigit's convent at Kildare; devoured by wolves in co. Wicklow.
^ John Conduitt (1688–1737), master of the mint; at Westminster School, 1701, and Trinity College, Gambridge, 1705; travelled: judge-advocate in Portugal, 17lf; captain of dragoons; M.P., 1715-37; married Sir Isaac Newton's niece, 1717: master of the mint, 1727; wrote on the coinage, 1730; collected materials for a life of Newton.
^ Nicholas Condy or Cundy (1793?–1857), landscape painter in water-colours; ensign, 1811; served in the Peninsula; lieutenant, 1818; resided at Plymouth; exhibited in London, 1830-45; joint-author of a book describing Cotehele, on the Tamar.
^ Nicholas Matthews Condy (1818–1851), artteacher at Plymouth; son of Nicholas Condy or Cundy ; exhibited sea-pieces in London, 1842-5.
^ John Coney (1786–1833), draughtsman and engraver; exhibited architectural drawings, 1805-21; published engravings of Warwick Castle, 1815, London churches, 1820. English ecclesiastical antiquities, 1842, and continental buildings, 1832; other volumes appeared posthumously, 1842-3.
^ Congallus I, in Gaelic Conall, third reputed king of the Scots of Dalriada (511-535 ?), son of Domangart, son of Fergus Mor Mac Bare.
^ Congallus II, in Gaelic Conall, sixth reputed king of the Scots of Dalriada (557-574), son of Congallus I; gave lona to St. Columba; fought against the Picts, 574.
^ Congallus III, in Gaelic Conall Crandonna (d. 660), king or joint-king of the Scots of Dalriada (642660), son of Eocha Buidhe; perhaps subdued by the Britons.
^ Barons Congleton . See PARNELL, HENRY Brooke, first BARON, 1776–1842 ; PARNELL, JOHN VESEY, second BARON, 1805-1883.
^ Richard Congreve (1818–1899), positivist ; educated at Rugby and Wadham College, Oxford; M.A., 1843; fellow and tutor; met Barthelemy St.-Hilaire and Anguste Comte in Paris nnd adopted positivism; founded positivist community in London, 1855; studied medicine; M.R.O.P., I860; took part in founding propaganda in Chapel Street, Lamb's Conduit Street, London; published political, historical, religious, and other writings.
^ William Congreve (1670–1729), dramatist; taken as a boy to Ireland; educated at Kilkenny and (1685) Trinity College, Dublin, being schoolfellow and fellowstudent of Swift; entered the Middle Temple; published, as Cleophil, Incognita a feeble novel; contributed to Dryden's metrical versions ofJuvenal 1692, and Vinril 1697; brought out his comedies, theOld Bachelor 1693, the Double Dealer 1693, Love for Love 1695, and i the Way of the World 1700, and his tragedy, the ; Mourning Bride 1697: replied to Jeremy Collier's i Short View 1697; published his collected works, 1710; well provided for by a commissionership of hackney coaches, 1695-1707, of wine licences, 1705-14, the secretaryship of Jamaica, 1714, and other offices; affected to be a man of fashion: flattered by Alexander Pope; visited by Voltaire: favoured by the second Duchess of Marlborough; buried in Westminster Abbey,
^ Sir William Congreve (1772–1828), inventor j (1808) of the Congreve rocket; eldest son of the comptroller of the Royal Laboratory, Woolwich; officer of the royal artillery, 1791; attached to the Royal Laboratory, 1791, and was comptroller, 1814-28; directed to form two rocket companies, 1809; M.P., 1812-28: served with a rocket company at Leipzig, 1813, and in South France, 1814; succeeded as second baronet, 1814; wrote on currency and his own inventions.
^ James Coningham (1670–1716), presbyterian ; M.A. Edinburgh, 1694; presbyterian minister at Penrith, 1694, Manchester, 1700, and London, 1712; tutor of the Manchester dissenting academy, 1705-12.
^ Edmund Coningsburgh (.*. 1479), archbishop of Armagh; LL.D. Cambridge; resided in Cambridge, 1465-72; non-resident rector of St. Leonard, Foster Lane, London, 1448, vicar of South Weald, 1450, rector of Copford, Essex, 1451, and rector of St. James's, Colchester, 1470; envoy to the pope, 1471; made archbishop of Armagh, 1477; resigned in deference to the pope, 1479.
^ Sir Harry Coningsby (fl. 1664), translator: knighted, 1660; printed a metrical paraphrase of Boethius de Consolatione and a memoir of his father, Thomas Coningsby.
^ Sir Humphrey Coningsby (. 1480–1527), serjeant-at-law, 1495: justice of the king's bench and knighted, 1509.
^ Sir Thomas Coningsby (d. 1626), soldier; of Herefordshire; visited Italy, 1573; served in Normandy, 1591; knighted, 1591; M.P., Hereford, 1693 and 1601; i founded hospital at Hereford, 1614; wrote an account of j his French campaign (printed 1847).
^ Thomas Coningsby, Earl Coningsby (1656?1729), M.P., Leominster, 1679-1710, and 1716; a strong whig; wounded at the Boyne, 1690; one of the lordsjustices of Ireland, 1690-2; vice-treasurer of Ireland, 1693-4 and 1698-1702; suspected of peculation; created Baron Coningsby of Clanbrassil in Ireland, 1692; granted crown lands in England, 1697; a commissioner to investigate the intrigues ending in the peace of Utrecht, and to impeach Harley, 1715; baron in the English peerage, 1715; created earl, 1719; involved in lawsuits as to his title to the manors of Leominster and Mardeu, Herefordshire,
^ Sir William Coningsby (d. 1540?), judge; second son of Sir Humphrey Couingsby; educated at Eton; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; of the Inner Temple; justice of the king's bench, and knighted, 1540.
^ Francis Thirkill Conington (1826–1863), chemist; fellow of Corpus Cbristi College, Oxford, 18491863; M.A., 1853; published aHandbook of Chemical Analysis 1858.
^ John Conington (1825–1869), claesical scholar; educated at Rugby, demy of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1843; scholar, 1846. and fellow, 1848-55, of University College, Oxford; contributed to the Morning Chronicle 1849-60; professor of Latin, Oxford, 1854-69; edited .lEschylus's Agamemnon 1848, and Choephoroe 1857; edited Virgil and Persius; published verse translations of Horace, 1863-9, the -Sneid 1866, and half the Iliad 1868; his Miscellaneous Writings published posthumously.
^ Conn of the Hundred Battles (d. 157), in Irish Conn cead Cathach, king of Ireland ; son of King Fedlimid the Lawgiver; succeeded to the throne, 123; defeated Leinster and Munster at Castlekuock, killing Cumhal; forced to surrender South Ireland to Mogh Nuadat, of the Ebereans; after fourteen yearswar, killed Mogh Nnadnt at Kilbride, King's County; acknowledged king of all Ireland; slain at Tar a.
^ Conn-na-Mbocht (d. 1069), Conn of the Paupers; head of the Culdees of Ireland and bishop of Clonmacnois; endowed Culdee hospital at Iseal Chiarain.
^ George Conn (Conaeus) (d. 1640), Scottish catholic: educated at Douay, Paris, Rome, and Bologna: secretary to Cardinals Montalto, 1623, and Barberini, and to the congregation of rites; papal agent at Queen Henrietta Maria's court, 1636-9; died at Rome; published, in Latin, tracts on Scottish affairs and, 1624, a life of Mary Queen of Soots.
^ Sir John Connell (1765?–1831), lawyer ; advocate, 1788; sheriff -depute of Renfrewshire, 1806; law adviser of the church of Scotland, 1806; judge of the Scots admiralty court, 1816-30; knighted, 1822; wrote on Scottish ecclesiastical law.
^ Owen Connellan (1800–1869), Irish scholar; transcribed manuscripts for the Royal Irish Academy: Irish historiographer royal, 1822-37; professor of Irish at Cork, 1846-69; published Irish linguistic tracts, 1830-44, and translated The Four Masters 1846, and a bardic tale, 1860.
^ Thaddeus Connellan (d. 1854), author of Irish linguistic works, 1814-25.
^ Bernard Connor or O'Connor (1666?–1698), author: born in Kerry; studied medicine in France; M.D. Rheims, 1691; physician to King John Sobieski; came to London, 1695; F.R.S., 1695; licentiate of the London College of Physicians, 1696; lectured in Oxford and London, 1695, and at Cambridge, 1697: published scientific papers, 1691-5, an attack on miracles, entitled E vangelium Medici 1697, and, 1698, a History of Poland
^ Charles Connor (d. 1826), comedian; born in Ireland; of Trinity College, Dublin; represented Irish characters in London, 1816-26. f xii. 23
^ George Henry Connor (1822–1883), divine; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1851; vicar of Newport, Isle of Wight, 1852-83; dean of Windsor, 1883; published sermons.
^ Robert Conny (1645?–1713), physician; B.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1676; M.D., 1685; naval physician at Deal, 1692; practised at Rochester.
^ Arthur Conolly (1807–1842?), traveller ; educated at Rugby and Addiscombe; cornet of Bengal cavalry, 1823; captain, 1838: published, 1834, a description of his overland journey (1829-31) to India; official in Rajpootana, 1834-8; travelled through Turkey in Europe and Asia to India, 1839; sent to Cabul, 1840, to Merv, Khiva, and Bokhara; imprisoned at Bokhara, 1841; murdered in prison; contributed to the Asiatic Society's 'Journal
^ Edward Barry Conolly (1808–1840), captain of Bengal cavalry; brother of Arthur Conolly; killed near Oabul; contributed to the Asiatic Society's Journal
^ Erskine Conolly (1796–1843), writer of Scottish songs; bookseller's apprentice at Anstruther; solicitor in Edinburgh.
^ Henry Valentine Conolly (1806–1855), Indian civilian; brother of Arthur Conolly; educated at Rugby; civil servant at Madras, 1824-56; murdered by fanatics.
^ John Conolly (1794–1866), physician; of Irish extraction; ensign in the militia, 1812-16; lived at Tours; medical student at Edinburgh, 1817; M.D. Edinburgh, 1821; practised medicine at Ohichester: removed to Stratford-on-Avon, 1822-7; visitinir physician of Warwickshire asylums; medical professor at University College, London, 1828; resident at Warwick, 1830-8, visiting asylums; refident, 1839-44, and visiting, 1844-52, physician to Hanwell Asylum, introducing the humane treatment of lunatics; hon. D.O.L. Oxford, 1852; published treatises on insanity and asylum methods, 1847-56; contributed to medical journals.
^ John Balfour Conolly (d. 1842), lieutenant of Bengal infantry; brother of Arthur Conolly; died at Oabul. xii. 26
^ Thomas Conolly (1738–1803), Irish politician; M.P. for Malmesbury, 1759, and for Chichester, 1768-84; M.P. for Londonderry in the Irish parliament, 1761-1800; held various offices in Ireland; advocated the union.
^ William Conolly (d. 1729), Irish politician ; an Irish barrister; speaker of the Irish House of Commons, 1715-29; frequently a lord justice of Ireland, 1717-29; chief commissioner of Irish revenues.
^ John Tricker Conquest (1789–1866), accoucheur; M.D. Edinburgh, 1813; L.R.O.P., 1819; published insignificant medical treatises.
^ Florence Conry , in Irish Flathri O'MoelChonaire (1561–1629), Irish Roman catholic prelate; educated in Spain and the Spanish Netherlands; Observant friar at Salamanca; provincial of the Observants in Ireland; sent by Philip II to foment rebellion in Ireland; archbishop of Tuam, 1609; died at Madrid; wrote theological tracts in Latin, published 1619-44, and two in Irish, published 1616 and 1625.
^ Francis Const (1751–1839), lawyer ; barrister, Middle Temple, 1783; chairman of the Westminster sessions.
^ Archibald Constable (1774–1827), publisher; bookseller's apprentice in Edinburgh, 1788; bookseller in Edinburgh, 1795; began to publish pamphlets and sermons, 1798; commenced the Farmer's Magazine, 1 1800; proprietor of theScots Magazine 1801; started the Edinburgh Review 1802; part-publisher of Sir Walter Scott's Minstrelsy 1802, Lay of the Last Minstrel 1805, and Marmion 1807; requested Scott to edit Swift, 1808; partner in a London publishing firm, 1808-11; acquired copyright ofEncyclopaedia Britannica 1812, and brought out supplementary Dissertations; advised Scott to publish Waverley 1814; deserted by Scott, through the sinister influence of James Ballantyne; bankrupt through the failure of his London agents, 1826; began Constable's Miscellany 1827.
^ Cuthbert Constable (d. 1746), antiquary: known as Cuthbert Tunstall, educated at Douay, 1700; M.D. Montpellier; took the name Constable, 1718, on inheriting a Yorkshire estate; a Roman catholic; collected manuscripts.
^ Henry Constable (1562–1613), poet ; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1580: embraced Roman Catholicism; withdrew to Paris; in friendly correspondence with the English authorities, 1584-5; published Diana a volume of sonnets, 1592, which he enlarged, 1694; failed to obtain his recall to England, 1595; papal envoy to Edinburgh, 1599: pensioned by the French king; came to London, 1603; imprisoned in the Tower, 1604; released, 1604; died at Liege: verses by him embodied in various collections, 1591-1610; collected works published, 1869.
^ Henry Constable, Viscount Dunbar (rf. 1645), succeeded to Burton Constable estate, Yorkshire, 1608: knighted, 1614: a Roman catholic; created Viscount Dunbar, in the Scottish peerage, 1620.
^ John Constable (fl. 1520), epigrammatist; educated at St. Paul's School; M.A. Oxford, 1515; published Latin Epigrammata 1520.
^ John Constable (1676?–1744) Jesuit; educated at St. Omer, as John Lacey: joined the Jesuits, 1695; chaplain to the Fitzherberts of Swinnerton, Staffordshire; wrote frequently as Clerophilus Alethes against Anglican orders, Charles Dodd's Church History and in reply to other controversialists.
^ John Constable (1776–1837), landscape-painter ; educated at Dedham school, Esisex: encouraged by Sir George Beaumont: art-student in London, 17961797; learnt etching; resided in London, except for summer tours, from 1799; sketched in water-colours; painted ; exhibited his first landscape at the Royal Academy, isic; painted two altar-pieces for Suffolk churches, 1804 and Isnt; painted in his own style quiet English land;;7, vithoutrecognition in England; employed in painting portraits and making copies of pictures: made a great impression at the French Salon, 1824; inherited a competency, 1828; R.A., 1829; twenty of his landscapes engraved by David Lucas, 1833; lectured on Landscape Art 1833 and 1836.
^ Sir Marmaduke Constable (1455?–1518), landowner and soldier, of Flamborough, Yorkshire; served in France, 1475 and 1492; knighted; served at the siege of J5erick, 1482; steward of Tutbury, Staffordshire, 1 ts:i; sheriff of Staffordshire, 1486-7, and of Yorkshire, 1487-8 and 1509-10; inherited Flamborough, 1488; attached to the personal service of Henry VII; cominissiimer to Scotland, 1509-10; commanded left wing at Flodden, 1513. Scholarships were founded in his name at St. John's College, Cambridge, 1522.
^ Sir Marmaduke Constable (1480?–1545), second son of Sir Marmaduke Constable (1465 7-1518) ; knighted for service at Flodden, 1513; sheriff of Lincolnshire, 1513-14; in personal attendance on Henry VIII, 1520; served in Scotland, 1522-3; M.P., Yorkshire, 1529; sheriff of Yorkshire, 1532-3; member of the council of the north, 1537-45; obtained a grant of Drax Priory, Yorkshire, 1538.
^ Sir Robert Constable (1478?-1637), Roman catholic insurgent; eldest son of Sir Marmaduke Constable (1455 ?-1518); knighted at Blackheath for service against the Cornish insurgents, 1497; a leader in the Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536, seizing Hull; pardoned; refused to come to London; taken prisoner to the Tower, 1637; executed at Hull.
^ Thomas Constable (1812–1881), printer and publisher; youngest son of Archibald Constable; learnt printing in London; queen's printer in Edinburgh In partnership with his father, 1839, and with his son, 1869; publisher in Edinburgh, bringing out mainly schoolbooks, 1847-60; wrote memoirs of his father, 1873, and other works.
^ Sir Thomas Hugh Clifford Constable (1762-1823), author; known as Thomas Hugh Clifford; of a Roman catholic family; educated at Liege and Paris; travelled in Switzerland; inherited Tixall, Staffordshire, 1786; created baronet, 1815; took the name Constable on inheriting Burton Constable, Yorkshire, 1821; died at Ghent; wrote both of topography and flora of Tixall, 1817; wrote devotional works.
^ Sir William Constable (d. 1655), regicide; served under Essex in Ireland, 1599; knighted at Dublin; pardoned for his share in Essex's revolt, 1601; created baronet, 1611; M.P., 1626, 1628, and 1642; refused to pay the forced loan, 1627; sold Flamborough, Yorkshire, 1636; raised regiment for the parliament; fought at Edgehill, 1642; routed the Yorkshire royalists, 1644; sided with the army against the parliament, 1647; joint-gaoler of Charles I at Carisbrook, January 1648; governor of Gloucester, 1648-51; regular in his attendance as one of the king's judges, 1649; member of the Commonwealth councils of state; his estates confiscated, 1660.
^ Walter De Constantiis (d. 1207). See Walter de Coutances.
^ Constantine I (d. 879), king of Alba (Scotland, north of Forth), 863-79; son of Kenneth Macalpine; raided by the Norse kings of Dublin, 865-79; fell in battle.
^ Constantine II (d. 952), king of Alba (Scotland, north of Forth), 900-43; sou of Aedh; raided by the northmen, W3; crushed the invaders, 904; held council at Scone to make agreement between the Pictish and Scottish churches, 906; made his brother Donald king of Ptrathclyde, 908; raided by Danish pirates under Regnwald, 912; defeated by Regnwald, 918, and driven out of Northumberland; his right to Northumbria challenged by Ethelstan of Wessex, c. 926; part of his dominions ravaged by thelstan, 933-4, his counter-invasion repnl i d at Brunanburh, Yorkshire, 937; resigned his crown, 943; became a Culdee monk at St. Andrews,
^ Constantine III (d. 997), king of Scotland, 995-7 ; eonot Colin, his predecessor; murdered.
^ Constantine Mac Fergus (d. 820), king of the Picts, 807-20; founded a monastic church at Dunkeld; possibly ruled also over the Scots of Dalriada; harassed by the Norsemen (lona being ravaged, 806).
^ George Constantine (1501?–1559), protestant reformer; bred a surgeon; bachelor of canon law, Cambridge, 1524; adopted protestantism; wrote in conjunction with William Tyndal at Antwerp; surgeon in Brabant; came to England to sell protestant books; arrested, 1530; saved himself by turning king's evidence; returned to Antwerp, 1531; returned to England before 1536; vicar of Llawhaden, Pembrokeshire: registrar of St. David's diocese, c. 1546; archdeacon of Carmarthen, 1549; substituted a movable table for the altar, 1549; an accuser of Bishop Robert Ferrar, 1555; archdeacon of Brecon, 1569.
^ Anne Conway, Viscountess Conway (d. 1679), daughter of Sir Henry Finch; married, 1651, Edward, third viscount Conway; an hysterical invalid; corresponded with Henry More of Cambridge; joined the quakers; reputed authoress of a philosophical tract, published, 1690.
^ Edward Conway, first Viscount Conway (d. 1631), son of Sir John Conway; knighted for service in the Cadiz expedition, 1596: governor of Brill; M.P., 1603 and 1624; secretary of state, 1623-30: lord president of the council; envoy to Prague, 1623-5; governor of the Isle of Wight, 1625; created Baron Conway, 1625, Viscount Killultagh, in Ireland, 1626, and Viscount Conway, 1627.
^ Francis Seymour Conway, Marquis of Hertford (1719–1794), nephew of Sir Robert Walpole : succeeded as second Baron Conway, 1732; created Earl of Hertford, 1750, and Marquis, 1793; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1765-6; lord chamberlain, 1766-82.
^ Henry Seymour Conway (1721–1795), fieldmarshal; nephew of Sir Robert Walpole; given a commission when a boy; M.P. Antrim, in the Irish parliament, 1741; M.P. for various pocket boroughs in the British parliament, 1741-84; served in Flanders, 1742; present at the battles of Dettingen, 1743, Fontenoy, 1745, Culloden, 1746, and Lauffeld, 1747; aide-de-camp to the Duke of Cumberland, 1746; secretary to the lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1756-6; major-general, 1756; failed in the Rochfort expedition, 1757, his behaviour becoming the subject of several pamphlets, 1758; lieutenantgeneral, 1759; served under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick, 1761-3; dismissed from his offices and employments for opposing George Ill's arbitrary measures, 1764; secretary of state, 1765-8: lieutenant-general of the ordnance, 1767-72; general, 1772; governor of Jersey, where he occasionally resided, 1772-95; opposed the continuance of the American war, 1775-81: commander-inchief, 1782-3; joined Fox in attacking Pitt, 1784; withdrew from politics, 1784; dabbled in forestry and versewriting; field-marshal, 1793.
^ Sir John Conway (d . 1603), governor of Ostend; of Arrow, Warwickshire; knighted, 1559; governor of Ostend, 1586; imprisoned, 1688; published devotional tracts and verses.
^ Roger of Conway (d. 1360), Franciscan ; D.D. Oxford; provincial of the English Franciscans; wrote in defence of the mendicant orders against Richard FitzRalph, archbishop of Armagh, e. 1367.
^ William Augustus Conway (1789–1828), real name RUGG; appeared on the provincial stage, c. 1808; performed in Dublin, 1812, London, 1813-16, Bath, 18171820, and London, 1821; attacked by Theodore Hook, 1821; acted in America, 1824-8; committed suicide.
^ William Cony (d. 1707), naval captain, 1704: taken prisoner by a French squadron, 1705; wrecked off Scilly.
^ John Conybeare (1692–1755), bishop of Bristol ; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1710; M.A., 1716; D.D., 1730: rector of Exeter College, 1730-33; dean of Christ Church, Oxford, 1733-55: bishop of Bristol, 1750; published sermons, and Defence of Revealed Religion 1732, against Matthew Tiudal.
^ John Josias Conybeare (1779–1824), geologist : student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1800-13; M.A., 1804; vicar of Batheaston, Somerset; professor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford, 1807-12, and of poetry, 1812-21; published tracts, geological, 1817-24, chemical, 1822-3, and theological, 1824; translations from Anglo-Saxon by him published, 1826.
^ William Daniel Conybeare (1787–1857), geologist; educated at Vestminster and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1811; vicar of Axminster, Devonshire, 1836-44: dean of Llaudaff, 1845-57: published geological papers; first to describe the ichthyosaurus.
^ William John Conybeare (1815–1857), divine; eldest son of William Daniel Conybeare; educated at Westminster; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; B.A., 1837: principal of Liverpool Collegiate Institution, 1842-8; vicar of Axminster, Devonshire, 1848-54; published essays and a novel, 1856; joint-author (with J. S. Howson) of Life of St. Paul 1851.
^ Sir John Conyers (fl. 1469). See Robin of Redesdale.
^ Henry Conyngham, first Marquis Conyngham (1766-1832), succeeded as third baron, 1787; created viscount, 1789, earl, 1797, and marquis, 1816, in the Irish peerage; representative Irish peer, 1801; created Baron Minster, in the British peerage, 1821; lord steward of the household, 1821-30; his wife possessed great influence over George IV.
^ Richard Conyngton (rf. 1330), Franciscan; D.D. Oxford; lectured at Oxford and Cambridge: provincial of the English Franciscans, 1310; wrote on scholastic philosophy and theology.
^ Sir John Coode (1816–1892), civil engineer ; articled to James Meadows Rendel of Plymouth; practised as consulting engineer in Westminster, 1844-7; resident engineer in charge of works at Portland harbour, 1847, and engineer-in-chief, 1856-72; knighted, 1872; K.C.M.G., 1886; M.I.O.E., 1849; president, 1889-91: associated with several important harbour works in various parts of the world, including (1874-85) those at Colombo, Ceylon; author of professional reports and papers.
^ Edward Dutton Cook (1829–1883), dramatic critic; son of a London solicitor; educated at King's College School, London; brought out a melodrama, 1859; dramatic critic of London journals, 1867-83; published novels, 1861-77, and essays on the stage.
^ Eliza Cook (1818–1889), poet ; began to write at early age and published Lays of a Wild Harp 1835; contributed to * Weekly Dispatch in which appeared the Old Arm Chair the most popular of her poems, 1837, and to other periodicals; conducted Eliza Cook's Journal 1849-54. Her complete collected poems were published, 1870.
^ Frederic Charles Cook (1810–1889), editor of the Speaker's Commentary; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1844; chaplain in ordinary to the queen, 1857; preacher. at Lincoln's Inn, 1860-80: canonresidentiary at Exeter,1864; chaplain to bishop of London, 1869; precentor of Exeter Cathedral, 1872: appointed, 1864, editor of theSpeaker's Commentary(published 1871-81, 10 vols.), a critical commentary on the bible occasioned by the appearance of Essays and Reviews
^ George Cook (1772–1845), Scottish church leader ; son of a St. Andrews professor: educated at St. Andrews; M.A., 1790; D.D., 1808: minister of Laurencekirk, Kinrardineshire, 1796-1829; professor of moral philosophy, St. Andrews, 1829-45; moderator of the church, 1825; a leader of the moderate party in the patronage question, 1833-43; published histories of theReformation in Scotland 1811,and of theChurch of Scotland 1815, and other works, biographical and theological.
^ Henry Cook (1642–1700), painter; studied art in Italy; employed in England as a decorative artist; fled to Italy to escape justice: returned; repaired Raphael's cartoons; painted altar-pieces and portraits,
^ James Cook (d. 1611), divine: educated at Winchester; perpetual fellow of New College, Oxford, 1592; D.C.L., 1608; rector of Houghton, Hampshire, 1609; published a controversial tract.
^ James Cook (1728–1779), circumnavigator; a I labourer's son; seaman in the Baltic trade; common seaman in t lie navy, 1755; master, 1759: surveyed the St. Lawrence, 1759; employed on the North American station, 1759-67; published hisSailing Directions 1766-8; lieutenant, 1768; sailed, 1768, in the Endeavour, for Tahiti, round Cape Horn; observed the transit of Venus, 3 June: charted the coasts of New Zealand, the east coast of Australia, and part of New Guinea, 1769-70; returned by the Cape of Good Hope, reaching the Downs, 1771; commander, 1771: sailed in the Resolution to disprove the existence of an Antarctic continent, 1772; rounded the Cape of Good Hope, 22 Nov. 1772; visited many Pacific islands: skirted the Antarctic icefields, 1773-5; reached Plymouth, 1775, having, by new hygienic rules, escaped scurvy and fever; captain, 1775; attempted to sail round North America from the Pacific, 1776; passed the Cape of Good Hope, and (1778) discovered the Sandwich islands; charted the Pacific coast of North America, 1778; touched at Hawaii, 1779; driven off by storm, and on putting back to refit was murdered by natives.
^ John Cook (rf. 1660), regicide ; travelled ; barrister. Gray's Inn; appointed by parliament to conduct the prosecution of Charles I; master of St. Cross, Winchester, 1649; justice in Munster, 1649: granted Irish lands, 1653; justice of the upper bench, Ireland, 1655; in England, 1657-9; arrested in Ireland, 1660; executed in London; published political and legal pamphlets.
^ John Cook (1771–1824), professor of Hebrew ; M.A. St. Andrews, 1788; minister of Kilmany, Fifeshire, 17981802; D.D.; professor of Hebrew, St. Andrews, 1802-24; moderator of the church, 1816.
^ John Cook (1808–1869), professor of ecclesiastical history; eldest son of John Cook (1771-1824); M.A. St. Andrews, 1823; D.D., 1848; minister of St. Leonards, St. Andrews, 1845-63; moderator of the church of Scotland, 1869: professor of ecclesiastical history, St. Andrews, 1860-8; published sermons and theological and legal pamphlets.
^ John Cook (1807–1874), Scottish divine : eldest son of George Cook; M.A. St. Andrews, 1823; D.D., 1843; minister at Haddington, 1833-74; moderator of the church of Scotland, 1866.
^ John Douglas Cook (1808?-1868), journalist; born in Aberdeenshire; for some time in India; wrote for 4 Times and Quarterly Review; edited the Morning Chronicle 1848-54, and theSaturday Review 1856-68.
^ John Mason Cook (1834–1899), tourist agent ; son of Thomas Cook (1808-1892); engaged in business as printer; partner with his father from 1864; extended the firm's connections with America and the continent, and became agent for developing traffic to many railways in England and abroad: appointed by Khedive government agent for passenger traffic on Nile, 1870; opened branch office at Cairo, 1873: granted by Egyptian government exclusive right of carrying mails, specie, and civil and military officials between Assiout and Assouan, 1889; made a like contract with the English government, and performed valuable services in the Nile campaigns, 1885-6; greatly developed touring arrangements in Norway from 1875; acquired railway up Mount Vesuvius; carried out schemes for travelling in India; devised plans for the safer travel and better treatment of pilgrims to Jeddah and Yambo, and to Mecca and Medina; made arrangements for the German Emperor's visit to the Holy Land, 1898.
^ Richard Cook (1784–1857), historical painter; art student in London: exhibited, 1808-22; illustrated many books; R.A., 1822.
^ Robert Cook (d. 1593?), herald and portrait painter; of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1553: M.A 1561; Chester herald, 1562: Clarenceux king-of-arms, 1567; commissioned to visit his province, 1568; took out a grant of arms, 1577; acted as Garter, 1584-6; left manuscript collections, heraldic and genealogical.
^ Robert Cook : (1646?–1726?), vegetarian; an eccentric Waterford landowner; resided in Ipswich and Bristol, 1688-92; nicknamed Linen Cook.
^ Samuel Cook (1806–1859), water-colour painter; housr-painter at Plymouth; exhibited coast scenes in London, 1830-59.
^ Samuel Edward Cook (. 1856). See Widdrington.
^ Thomas Cook (1744?–1818), engraver, of London ; much employed in engraving portraits and book illustrations; copied all Hogarth's works for Hogarth Restored 1806.
^ Thomas Cook (1808–1892), tourist agent; apprenticed as wood-turner; entered a printing and publishing firm at Loughborough; joined Association of Baptists; travelled as missionary in Rutland, e, 1828-9; wood-turner at Market Harborough, and secretary to the branch there of the South Midland Temperance Association, in connection with which he organised the first publicly advertised excursion by train in England, 1841; induced by the success of this excursion (Leicester to Loughborough and back) to make the organising of excursions at home and abroad a regular occupation; published handbooks for tourists, and subsequently issued coupons for hotel expenses; issuedExcursionist monthly magazine, from . 1846; removed to London, 1864.
^ William Cook (d. 1824), miscellaneous writer; squandered his own and his wife's fortune; barrister, Middle Temple, 1777; published poems, memoirs of actors, and a comedy, 1775-1815.
^ Alexander Cooke (1564–1632), divine; entered Brasenose College, Oxford, 1581; fellow of University College, 1587; B.D., 1596; vicar of Louth, Lincolnshire, 1601; vicar of Leeds, 1615-32; published bitter anti-Romanist tracts, 1610-25.
^ Sir Anthony Cooke (1504–1676), politician : of Gidea Hall, Romford, Essex; father-in-law of Lord Burghley; tutor to Edward, prince of Wales; K.B., 1647; M.P., 1547; served on several ecclesiastical commissions, 1547-9; obtained church lands, 1552; imprisoned, 1553; withdrew to Strasburg, 1554; returned to England, 1558; M.P., Essex, 1559-67; served on various commissions, 1559-76.
^ Benjamin Cooke (1734–1793), musician ; son of a London music-seller; pupil of J. C. Pepusch; deputy-organist, 1746, choir-master, 1757, and organist, 1762-93, of WestminsterAbbey; Mus.Doc. Cambridge, 1775, and Oxford, 1782; librarian, 1749, and conductor, 1752-89, of Academy of Ancient Music; organist of St. MartinV in-the-Fields, 1782-93.
^ Edward Cooke (Jt. 1678), author of a tragedy, Love's Triumph 1678.
^ Edward Cooke (1772–1799), naval officer; lieutenant, 1790; captain, 1794; served at Toulon, 1793, Calvi, 1794, and in East Indies, 1796-9; mortally wounded in action.
^ Edward Cooke (1755–1820), under-secretary of state; son of William Oooke (1711-1797); educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge; B.A., 1777; official in Ireland, 1778; under-secretary in the Irish military department, 1789-95, and civil department, 17961801; M.P., Leighlin, 1790-1800: quarrelled with Earl Fit.william, 1795; a favourite of Castlereagh: wrote, 1798, and intrigued for the union, 1800; under-secretary in London for war, 1807, and for foreign affairs, 1812-17. 0), m
^ Edward William Cooke (1811–1880), marine painter: son of George Cooke (1781-1834); drew plants for botanical books; etched coast scenes; made drawings of the progress of new London Bridge, 1825-31: travelled on the continent, 1830-46; R.A., 1864; a frequent exhibitor. CjOKE, GEORGE (1781-1834), line engraver; pupil of James Basire; a prolific workman; illustrated numerous works on landscape and antiquities,
^ Sir George Cooke (1768–1837), lieutenant-general; ensign, 10th foot guards, 1784; captain, 1792; served in Flanders, 1794, and in Holland, 1799; captain and lieutenant-colonel, 1798; major-general, 1811; at Cadiz, 1H11-13; commanded first division of guards at Waterloo, 1815; K.C.U. aud colonel, 1815; lieutenant-general, 1821.
^ George Cooke (1807–1863), actor; first appeared on provincial stage, 1828, and in London, 1837; committed suicide.
^ George Frederick Cooke (1756–1811), actor; printer's apprentice at Berwick; first appeared on provincial stage, 1776, and in London, 1778; a favourite in Newcastle, Manchester, and other northern towns; reappeared in London, 1801-10, at first with success: well received in New York, 1810; occasionally a brilliant performer, but uncertain through intemperance,
^ George Leigh Cooke (1780?-1853), mathematician; scholar, 1797, and fellow, 1810-15, of Corpus Christi College, Oxford; B.D., 1812; professor of natural philosophy, 1810-53; beneficed in Warwickshire, 1824; edited part of Newton'sPrincipia 1850.
^ George Wingrove Cooke (1814–1865), man of letters: B.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1834; barrister, Middle Temple, 1835; employed by the tithe and enclosure commissions; copyhold commissioner, 1862; Times correspondent in China, 1857, and Algeria; published memoirs of Bolingbroke, 1835, and Shaftesbury, a history of party politics. 1837, legal treatises, 1844-57, and notes of travel, 1856-60.
^ Henry Cooke (d. 1672), musician; chorister of the Chapel Royal; entered Charles I's army, 1642, and became captain; teacher of music in London before 1655, several of his pupils becoming afterwards distinguished composers; part-composer of the music for Sir William D'Avenant's operas, 1666; choir-master of the Chapel Royal; composed the music for the coronation service, 1661; composer to Charles II, 1664; marshal of the Corporation of Musicians, 1670.
^ Henry Cooke (1788–1868), Irish presbyterian leader; entered Glasgow University, 1802: studied science and medicine at Glasgow, 1815-17, and Dublin, 1817-18; D.D. Jefferson College, U.S.A., 1829; LL.D. Dublin, 1837; presbyteriau minister at Duneaue, 1808, and Donegore, co. Antrim, 1811, at Killeleagh, co. Down, 1818, and Belfast, 1829-68; professor of ethics, Queen's College, Belfast, 1847; leader of the orthodox party in the controversy, 1821-40, which excluded the Arian ministers from the presbyterian church; strongly opposed disestablishment of Irish episcopal church; published sermons, pamphlets, and hymns; a voluminous contributor to periodicals; reputed one of the most effective of Irish preachers and debaters.
^ Jo Cooke (fl. 1614), author of Greene's Tu Quoque, comedy, printed 1614; possibly also of Epigrams 1604.
^ Sir John Cooke (1666–1710), civilian; entered Merchant Taylors School, 1673: entered St. John's College, Oxford, 1684; lieutenant of foot at the Boyne, 1689; D.C.L., 1694; advocate at Doctors Commons, 1694; knighted, 1701; dean of arches, 1703; vicar-general of see of Canterbury.
^ John Cooke (1763–1806), naval officer; entered navy, 1776; captain, 1794: put on shore by the Spithead mutineers, 1797; killed at Trafalgar.
^ John Cooke (1731–1810), London bookseller; issued annotated bibles, British poets, and other works in weekly sixpenny parts.
^ John Cooke (1738–1823), chaplain of Greenwich Hospital; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1764: rector of Denton, Buckinghamshire, 1773; published a history of Greenwich Hospital, 1789, memoirs of Lord Sandwich, 1799, and sermons.
^ John Cooke (1756–1838), physician: dissenting preacher in Lancashire; studied medicine in London, Edinburgh, and Leydcn: M.D. Leyden; medical practitioner and lecturer in London; physician to the General Dispensary and, 1784-1807, to the London Hospital; published A Treatise on Nervous Diseases 1821-3.
^ Robert Cooke (1550–1616), divine; fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford, 1573-90; proctor, 1582-3; B.D., 1584; vicar of Leeds, 1590-1615; prebendary of Durham, 1614: wrote and preached actively against Romanism.
^ Robert Cooke (d. 1814), musician; son of Benjamin Cooke: organist of St. Martin's-in-theFields, 1793, and of Westminster Abbey, 1802; drowned himself; composed songs and glees.
^ Robert Cooke (1820? –1882), Irish Roman catholic divine; mission priest in Leicestershire, Yorkshire, 1847, and London; published biographies of Roman catholics, 1875-82.
^ Roger Cooke (fl. 1563), astrologer; assistant of John Dee, 1567-81; perhaps published an almanack, 1586.
^ Sir Thomas Cooke (d. 1478), lord mayor of London; a warden of the DrapersCompany, 1439; intermediary between Jack Cade and the citizens, 1450; sheriff of London, 1453, alderman, 1464, lord mayor, 1462; K.B., 1465; began Gidea Hall, Romford, 1467; imprisoned and heavily fined by Edward IV, 1467 and 1471.
^ Thomas Cooke (1703–1756), author, commonly called Hesiod Cooke; son of a Braintree innkeeper; educated at Felstead school; whig journalist and pamphleteer in London, 1722; attacked, anonymously, Pope and Swift, 1725 and 1728, and consequently won a place in the Duuciad; wrote against Pope, 1729-31; published poems, 1726-42; author or joint-author of four dramatic pieces, 1728-39; translated Bion and Moschus, 1724, Hesiod, 1728, Terence, 1734, and parts of Cicero and Plautus, 1754; edited Virgil, 1741; edited the Craftsman from 1741.
^ Thomas Cooke (1722–1783), eccentric divine; educated at Durham school and, 1743, Queen's College, Oxford; dismissed from the curacy of Embleton, Northumberland, for his strange behaviour; street preacher in London; confined in Bedlam; published two comedies, 1762-71, and sermons.
^ Thomas Cooke (1763–1818), lecturer and writer on physiognomy.
^ Thomas Cooke (1807–1868), optician; taught school at AUerthorpe, 1823, and York, 1829-36; made his mark as a constructor of astronomical telescopes, 1851; invented appliances for facilitating telescopic observation, and was largely employed as a maker of turret clocks.
^ Thomas Potter Cooke (1786–1864), actor ; son of a London surgeon; served in the navy, 1796-1802; appeared on the London stage, 1804; stage manager of the Surrey Theatre, 1809; made a great success at the Lyceum, 1820; acted in Paris, 1826, and Edinburgh, 1827; reputed the best sailor... that ever trod the stapre; last appearance on the stage, 1860.
^ Thomas Simpson Cooke (1782–1848), composer ; member of the Dublin orchestra; sang in opera; came to London, 1813; principal tenor, 1815, and musical director, 1821-42, of Drury Lane; an esteemed singing-master; composed stage music and glees; published a manual of singing.
^ William Cooke (d. 1553), judge; educated at Cambridge; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1530; recorder of Cambridge, 1645; sergeant-at-law, 1646; justice of common pleas, 1552.
^ William Cooke (d. 1780), numismatist; vicar of Enford, Wiltshire, 1733-80; rector of Oldbury, Gloucestershire; translated Sallust, 1746; wrote on Druidical religion, 1764; his Medallic History of Imperial Rome published posthumously, 1781.
^ William Cooke (1711–1797), divine ; entered Harrow, 1718, Eton, 1721, and King's College, Cambridge, 1731; fellow, 1734; B.A., 1736; D.D., 1766; head-master of Eton, 1743-6; vicar of Sturminster-Marshall, Dorset, 1745-8; fellow of Eton, 1748; rector of Denham, Buckinghamshire, 1748, and of Stoke Newington, 1768; provost of King's College, Cambridge, 1772; dean of Ely, 1780; published verses, 1732, and sermons.
^ William Cooke (d. 1824), Greek professor ; son of William Cooke (1711-1797); fellow of King's College; professor of Greek, Cambridge, 1780-93; rector of Hfinpatead, Norfolk, 1785-1824: edited Aristotle's Poetics 1785; wrote on the Apocalypse, 1789; became insane.
^ William Cooke (1757–1832), legal writer; educated at Harrow and Caius College, Cambridge: I. A.. 1776; called to bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1782; published a manual of Bankrupt Laws 1785; practised in chancery and bankruptcy cases; sent to Milan to collect evidence against Queen Caroline, 1818; retired, 1825.
^ William Bernard Cooke (1778–1855), line-engraver; a prolific engraver of landscapes for illustrated books; excelled in sea-views.
^ Sir William Fothergill Cooke (1806–1879), electrician; educated at Durham and Edinburgh; army officer in India, 1826-31; studied medicine at Paris and Heidelberg; shown the principle of electric telegraphy by Professor Mlincke, 1836; patented, jointly with Sir Charles Wheatstone, telegraphic apparatus, 1837, and produced a workable instrument, 1845; quarrelled with Wheatstoue; knighted, 1869; pensioned, 1871.
^ William John Cooke (1797–1865), line-engraver ; employed in illustrating books; withdrew to Darmstadt, c. 1840.
^ Sir Thomas Cookes (d. 1701), baronet, of Bentley Pauncefot, Worcestershire; benefactor of Bromsgrove and Feckenham schools; bequeathed 10,OOOZ. to Oxford University, with which Gloucester Hall was converted into Worcester College.
^ William Gifford Cookesley (1802–1880), classical scholar; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1827; assistant master at Eton; vicar of St. Peter's, Hammersmith, 1860; rector of Tempsford, Bedfordshire, 1868; published classical school-books, 1838-61; sermons, 1843-4, and pamphlets, 1845-67.
^ George Cookson (1760–1835), general; entered navy, 1773; transferred to the royal artillery, 1778; served in the West Indies, and, 1793, the Netherlands; brevetmajor, 1800; served with distinction in Egypt, 1801; lieutenant-colonel, 1802; served at Copenhagen, 1807, and with Sir John Moore, 1808; major-general, 1814; lieutenant-general, 1830.
^ Henry Wilkinson Cookson (1810–1876), master of Peterhouse; godson of Wordsworth; educated at Sedbergh and, from 1828, at Peterhouse, Cambridge; D.D.;. master of Peterhouse, 1847 till death; rector of Glaston,, Rutland, 1847-67.
^ James Cookson (1752–1835), divine: rector of Colmer, Hampshire, 1775; entered Queen's College, Oxford, 1777; M.A., 1786: vicar of Harting, Sussex, 1796; master of Churcher's College, Petersfield, c. 1783; F.S.A., 1814; published theological pieces, 1782-4.
^ William Cookworthy (1706–1780), porcelainmaker; quaker preacher; discovered kaolin (chinaclay) andpetunze(china-stone) near St. Austell, 1756, specimens of which from Virginia had been shown him in 1746; obtained patent for porcelain factory at Plymouth, 1768; sold the patent, 1777.
^ Thomas Cooley (1740–1784), architect; originally a carpenter; designed the Royal Exchange, Dublin, 1769, the Four Courts, 1784, and other buildings in Ireland.
^ William Desborough Cooley (d. 1883), geographer; published History of... Discovery 1830-1; exposed Douville's fictitious Voyage au Congo 1832; pensioned, 1869; honorary free member, Royal Geographical Society of London, 1864; published papers on African geography, 1841-74, and a manual ofPhysical Geography 1876.
^ Richard Cooling or Coling (d. 1697), clerk of the privy council, 1689, and gossip of Samuel Pepys; secretary to the lord chamberlain of the household, 16601680; hon. M.A. Oxford, 1666.
^ Robert Coombes (1808–1860), champion sculler ; a Thames waterman; rowed his first sculling race, 1836; champion of the Thames, 1846-52; coached the Cambridge crew, 1852; died insane.
^ William Henry Coombes (1767–1850), Roman catholic divine: born in Somerset; educated at Douay; priest, 1791; driven from France by the revolution; professor of divinity at Old Hall Green; D.D., by the pope, 1801; priest at Shepton Mallet, 1810-49; published devotional tracts and translations.
^ Abraham Cooper (1787–1868), battle and animal painter; patronised by (Sir) Henry Meux, 1809; R.A., 1820; over four hundred pieces by him exhibited, 1812-69.
^ Alexander Cooper (fl. 1630–1660), miniature painter; withdrew to Amsterdam, and to the court of Queen Christina of Sweden; possibly painted also landscapes,
^ Andrew Cooper or, probably erroneously, Anthony (fl. 1660), author of Stratologia, a metrical history of the civil war, by An. Cooper 1660: identified with Andrew Cooper, a newswriter, author of A Speedy Post, 1642.
^ Anthony Ashley Cooper , first Baron Ashley and first Earl of Shaftesbury (1621-1683), succeeded as second baronet, 1631, inheriting large estates, including (through his mother, it. 1628) Wimborne St. Giles, Dorset; put into the court of wards; plundered by the law officers; appealed for protection to attorney-general Noy, 1634; entered Exeter College, Oxford, 1637, and Lincoln's Inn, 1638; elected M.P. for Tewkesbury, for the Short Parliament, 1640, but did not sit; elected, on a double return, for Dowuton, Wiltshire, for the Long parliament, 1640, but consideration of his election shelved by the Commons; with Charles I, but not committed to him, at Nottingham and Derby, 1642; brought to Oxford an offer of the Dorset gentry to rise for Charles I, 1643: raised, at his own expense, foot and horse for King Charles's service; promised the governorship of Weymouth; had great difficulty in obtaining it, 1643; resigned his commissions to Charles I, 1644; attached himself to the parliamentarians; obtained command of the parliamentary forces in Dorset, 1644; captured royalist strongholds and helped to relieve Taunton, 1644; vainly tried to obtain his seat in parliament, 1645; took Oorfe Castle, 1646; withdrew from public affairs, but continued to attend to local administration, serving as parliamentary high sheriff for Wiltshire, 16461648; sat for Wiltshire in Cromwell's parliaments, 1653-8; Berveil on the council of state, 1653-4; led the parliamentary opposition to Cromwell, 1656-8; sat for Wiltshire in Richard Cromwell's parliament, 1659. opposing the government; claimed his seat for Downtou in the Rump parliament, 1659; sat on the council of state; imprisoned as a political suspect, 1659; promised to co-operate with Monck, 1659; seized the Tower and persuaded the fleet to declare for parliament, December 1659; sat on the new council of state; took his seat for Downton, and became colonel of Fleetwood's horse, 1660; urged the admission of the excluded members; negotiated with Charles II, March 1660; M.P. for Wiltshire in the Convention parliament, April; one of the commissioners to recall Prince Charles; admitted privy councillor, May 1660; received a formal pardon for the past, June 1660; opposed the vindictive actions of the royalists; created Baron Ashley, 1661; under-treasurer, 1661-7: chancellor of the exchequer, 1661-72; steadily opposed Clarendon's repressive measures, the Corporation Act, 1661, Act of Uniformity, 1662, and the Five-mile Act, 1665; advised and supported Charles II's first Declaration of Indulgence, 1662-3; received a grant of Carolina, 1663, and an interest in the Bahamas, 1670; treasurer of prizes in Dutch war, 1665-8; made the acquaintance at Oxford, 1666, of John Locke, who became his one intimate friend; lord-lieutenant of Dorset, 1667; attached himself to Buckingham, 1669, and became a strong partisan of the scheme to legitimise Moumouth, 1670; kept in ignorance of the secret provisions of the treaty of Dover, negotiated by Clifford, December 1670; assented to declaration of war with Dutch; opposed the raising of funds for the war by the stoppage of exchequer payments, 1672; approved Charles II's Declaration of Indulgence for protestant dissenters, 1672; created Earl of Sbaftesbury, 1672; president of the board of trade, 1672-6: refused the lord high treasurership; lord chancellor, 1672-3; offended the Commons by issuing writs to fill up the vacant seats; alienated the king's mistresses by refusing to pass grants of money to them, and Lauderdale by interfering with his despotic rule in Scotland: discovered the deceit practised on him by the king and Clifford in 1670, in the treaty of Dover; contrary to his own principles, supported the Test Act, 1673; dismissed from the chancellorship and ordered to withdraw from London, 1673; rejected overtures of accommodation by Charles and by Louis XIV; set himself, in parliament and in the city of London, to fan the apprehension of a Romanist revival, January 1674; dismissed from the privy council and removed from the lord-lieutenancy of Dorset, 1674; withdrew to Wimborne St. Giles; led agitation for dissolution of parliament, 1675-6; led the opposition to Danby, 1675-6; refused to leave London on an order from Charles II, 1676; imprisoned, with Buckingham, Salisbury, and Wharton, by order of the House of j Lords, 1677; released on his submission, 1678; rejected overtures of accommodation with the Duke of York; encouraged the popish plot frenzy as a weapon against the government, 1678; led the opposition in parliament, 1679; accepted presidentship of privy council, 1679; passed the Habeas Corpus Act, 1679; supported the Exclusion Bill, May 1679; dismissed from office, October 1679; brought Monmouth back to London, November 1679; agitated for the re-assembling of parliament; tried to make capital out of an alleged Irish popish plot 1680; tried to prosecute the Duke of York as a popish recusant, June 1680; I foiled, by Halifax, in bis attempt to carry the Exclusion Bill, 1680; petitioned Charles II against holding parliament at Oxford, 1681; lodged in Balliol College; brought in a bill to repeal the penalties against protestant dissenters, 1681; committed to the Tower on a charge of high treason; asked leave from Charles to withdraw to Carolina, October 1681; released, the charge against him being dismissed by the whig grand jury, 1681; satirised by Dryden inAbsalom and Achitophel; planned a revolt in London, the west, and Cheshire, 1682; fled to Harwich and sailed for Holland, 1682; reached Amsterdam and, was admitted a burgher of that city, 1682; died there; buried at Poole, Dorset.
^ Anthony Ashley Cooper , third Earl of Shaftesbury (1671–1713), moral philosopher; styled Lord Ashley, from January 1683; travelled in Italy, France, and Germany; M.P., Poole, 1695 8; advocated allowing counsel to prisoners charged with treason, 1695; visited Holland and came under Pierre Bayle's influence; his Inquiry concerning Virtue published surreptitiously, 1699; succeeded as third Earl of Shaftesbury, 1699; voted with the whigs, 1700-2; dismissed from the vice-admiral ship of Dorset by Anne, 1702; withdrew to Holland, 1703-4; left England for Naples, 1711; died there; possible originator of the phrase moral sense in its philosophic signification; issued his collected writings, as Oharacteristicks of Men &c., 1711; his Letters published, 1716, 1721, and 1830.
^ Antony Ashley Cooper , seventh Earl of Shaftesbury (1801–1885). philanthropist; styled Lord Ashley from May 1811; educated at Harrow and Clirist Ohnrch, Oxford; M.A., 1832; D.C.L., 1841; M.P., 18261851; held minor offices, 1828 and 1834; urged reform of lunacy laws, 1829, and the protection of factory operatives, 1833-44, colliery workers, 1842, and chimney-sweeps; joined whig party, 1847; advocated ragged schools and the reclamation of juvenile offenders, 1848; succeeded to the earldom, 1851; advocated the supervision of lodging houses, 1851, and the better housing of the poor; chairman of the sanitary commission in the Crimea; an active member of religious associations.
^ Sir Astley Paston Cooper (1768–1841), surgeon; fourth son of Samuel Cooper (1739-1800); pupil of Henry Cline; studied in London, Edinburgh, and Paris; anatomy demonstrator, 1789, and lecturer, 1791-1825, at St. Thomas's Hospital; acquired a lucrative practice; lecturer on anatomy, 1793-6, and on comparative anatomy, 1813-15, to the College of Surgeons; surgeon, 1800, and consulting surgeon, 1825, to Guy's Hospital; F.R.S., 1802; created baronet, 1821; published surgical and anatomical treatises, 1800-40, and contributed much to professional journals.
^ Charles Henry Cooper (1808–1866), Cambridge antiquary; settled in Cambridge, 1826: admitted a solicitor, 1840; coroner, 1836, and town clerk of Cambridge, 1849-66; publishedGuide to Cambridge 1831, Annals of Cambridge 1842-53, Atbenae Cautabritrien 1818-61, and Memorials of Cambridge 1868-66; left much biographical material in manuscript; his memoir of Margaret, counter of llichmoud, published, 1874.
^ Charles Purton Cooper (1793–1873), lawyer ; entered Wadham College, Oxford, 1810; took double-first honours, 1814: M.A., 1817; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1816; an equity draughtsman; queen's serjeant for the duchy of Lancaster; secretary of the second record commission; published law tracts and reports, 1828-68, an account of the public records, 1832, and pamphlets, 1860-7; died at Boulogne.
^ Daniel Cooper (1817?–1842), naturalist; medical student; zoological assistant. British Museum; curator of the Botanical Society, London: compiled a Flora Metropolitaua and a list of London shells; lectured on botany; army surgeon, 1840.
^ Edward Cooper or Cowper (. 1725?), a leading London printseller from c. 1685.
^ Edward Joshua Cooper (1798–1863), astronomer; educated at Eton, and, 1816-18, Ohrist Church, Oxford; travelled extensively on the continent and in the East; published Views in Egypt 1824; manager of his imbecile uncle's estates at Markree, Sligo, 1830; succeeded to the estates, 1837: M.P., Sligo county, 1830-41, and 1867-9; built observatory at Markree; accumulated astronomical and meteorological observations, 1833-63; published Catalogue of Stars observed at Markree, 1861-6, and Oometic Orbits 1862; F.R.S., 1853.
^ Elizabeth Cooper (. 1737), authoress: an auctioneer's widow; publishedThe M usesLibrary vol. i. 1737, a selection of English verse; brought out two dramas, The Rival Widows 1735, and The Nobleman 1736.
^ George Cooper (1820–1876), organist ; son of a London organist: organist of various London churches, 1834-76; assistant organist of St. Paul's, 1838-76; organist of the Chapel Royal. 1856-76; organist of Christ's Hospital, 1843; composed hymn-tunes; published manuals for the organ.
^ Sir Grey Cooper (d. 1801), politician ; barristerat-law; published pamphlets in defence of the Rockingham ministry, 1766; pensioned by the ministry: M.P., 1766-90; a secretary of the treasury, 1705-82: a commissioner of the treasury, 1783.
^ John Cooper (d. 1626). See Coperario, Giovanni.
^ John Cooper (fl. 1810–1870), actor : went on the Bath stage, 1811; appeared in London, 1811; acted in the provinces, 1812-20; a favourite London actor, 18201858.
^ John Gilbert Cooper (1723–1769), miscellaneous writer; educated at Westminster, and, 1743, Trinity College, Cambridge; contributed verses, as Philaretes to Dodsley's Museum from 1746; published treatises on questions of aesthetics, 1745 and 1754, a life of Socrates, 1749, collected poems, 1764, and other works,
^ Richard Cooper, the elder (d. 1764), engraver; pupil of John Pine; studied art in Italy; settled in Edinburgh; much employed in engraving portraits.
^ Richard Cooper , the younger (1740?–1814?), painter and engraver: son of Richard Cooper the elder; studied in Paris under J. P. Le Has: exhibited drawings and engravings in London, 1761-4; visited Italy; published tinted drawings of scenes near Rome, 1778-9: exhibited drawings at the Royal Academy, 1778-1809; drawing-master at Eton.
^ Robert Cooper (fl. 1681), geographer; entered Pembroke College, Oxford, 167: B.A., 1670; fellow; M.A., 1673; rector of Hurlington Middlesex, 1681; published an optical tract, 1679, and an Introduction to Geography 1680.
^ Robert Cooper (. 1800–1836), engraver; much cmplovod in illustrating books and engraving portrait".
^ Samuel Cooper (1609–1672), miniature painter ; painted portraits of celebrities of the Common wealth nnd Restoration; visited Kraiu-e and Holland,
^ Samuel Cooper (1789–1800), divine: B.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1760; D.D., 1777; published sermons and pamphlets; provoked merriment by publishing a dull poem,The Task shortly after William Cowper's Task
^ Samuel Cooper (1780–1848), surgical writer; studied at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1800; qualified as surgeon, 1803; army surgeon, 1813-15; practitioner in London; published treatise on cataract, 1805, and Surgical. Dictionary 1809; surgeon of University College Hospital, 1831; F.R.S., 1846.
^ Thomas Cooper or Couper (1517?–1594), bishop of Winchester; son of an Oxford tailor; chorister of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1531; B.A., 1539; fellow, 1539-45; M.A., 1543; master of Magdalen College school, 1549-68; qualified for M.B., 1566 satirised for his wife's misconduct: issued an enlargement of Eliot's Latin dictionary, 1648, a continuation of Languet's Chronicle Cooper's Chronicle A.H. 17-1547), 1549, An Answer in defence of Jewel, 1562, and Thesaurus Lingua Romanae known as Cooper's Dictionary 1565; D.D., 1567; dean of Christ Church, 1667; vice-chancellor of Oxford, 1567-70; dean of Gloucester, 1669; bishop of Lincoln, 1570; published a Brief Expositionof the Sunday lessons, 1573, and sermons, 1575-80; bishop of Winchester, 1584-94; lampooned by Martin Mar-Prelate 1588-9; published an Admonition in his own defence, 1589.
^ Thomas Cooper, Couper or Cowper (fl.–1626), divine; educated at Westminster; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1598; B.D., 1600; vicar of Great Budworth, Cheshire, 1601-4; vicar of Holy Trinity, Coventry, 1604-10; preacher to the fleet, 1626; published tracts against the Gunpowder plot, 1606-9, against witchcraft, 1617, and murder, 1620.
^ Thomas Cooper (1759–1840), natural philosopher and lawyer; entered University College, Oxford, 1779; studied law and medicine; barrister, Inner Temple, 1787; went as democratic envoy to Paris, 1792; attacked by Edmund Burke; defended himself in a pamphlet; failed as a bleacher at Manchester; a lawyer in Pennsylvania from before 1799 to 1811: M.D.; professor of chemistry in various colleges, 1812-34; published political pamphlets and manuals of American law, 1800-40, and a scientific encyclopedia, 1812-14.
^ Thomas Cooper (1805–1892), chartist; apprenticed as shoemaker at Gainsborough, where after private study he opened a school, 1827; engaged in journalistic and other work at Lincoln and in London; joined staff of Leicester Mercury 1840; became chartist and edited the chartist Midland Counties Illuminator; imprisoned on charge of sedition and conspiracy, 1843-5; subsequently took no part in chartist movements; published a political epic entitledThe Purgatory of Suicides 1845, and other works in verse and prose.
^ Thomas Henry Cooper (1759?–1840?), botanist ; compiled a list of Sussex plants, 1835.
^ Thomas Thornville Cooper (1839–1878), traveller; travelled In Australia; merchant's clerk at Madras, 1859-61; travelled in India and Burmah; at Shanghai, 1863; published A Pioneer of Commerce describing an attempt, Janunry-Novemter 1868, to travel from China through Thibet, andMishmee Hills narrating his endeavours, 1869, to reach China from Assam; employe of the India Office; ixrtitical agent at Bamd, Burmah, 1876; murdered at Bam6.
^ William Cooper (fl. 1663), puritan; vicar of Ringmere, Sussex; chaplain to Elizabeth, queen of Bohemia, at the Hague, 1644-8: ejected from St. Olave's, Southwark, 1662; imprisoned, 1681; published sermons.
^ William Durrant Cooper (1812–1875), anti quary: folicitor, 1832; journalist: solicitor to the Reform I Club, 1837, and to St. Pancras vestry, 1858; published a IParliamentary Historyof Sussex, 1834, a glossary of Sussex words, 1836, and memoirs of Sussex poets, 1812; contributed to archaeological journals.
^ William Ricketts Cooper (1843–1878), oriental student; secretary to the Society of Biblical Archaeology. 1870-6; published papers on Egyptian and A-yrian antiquities, 1873-7.
^ William White Cooper (1816–1886), surgeon-oculist; qualified as a surgeon, 1838; ophthalmic surgeon to St. Mary's Ho-pital, Paddington; wrote on professional arid miscellaneous subjects.
^ Sir Charles Coote (d. 1642), soldier ; went to Ireland as captain, 1600; fought at Kinsale, 1602; provost-marshal, 1605, and vice-president, 1620, of Connuiitf lit; a nat Oonnaught landowner; created baronet, 1621; M.P., Queen's County, 1639; governor of Dublin, 1641: fought vigorously against the Irish rebels, 1641-2; killed in action.
^ Sir Charles Coote, Earl of Mountrath (d. 1661), eldest son of Sir Charles Coote (d. 1642); M.P., Leitrim, 1639: fought vigorously against the Irish rebels, 1641-2; succeeded to baronetcy, 1642; provostiii:ir-hul, 1642, and president, 1645, of Connaught; continually in -rms against the Irish royalists and rebels, 1649-62; a commissioner to govern Ireland, 1669; joined Roger Boyle, baron Tiroghill, in securing Ireland for Charles II, 166O; reuppoiuted president of Couuaught, granted the lands of barony of Yestmeath, and named a lord malice of Ireland, 1660; created Earl of Mountrath, 1661.
^ Charles Coote (1761-1836), historian : son of a London bookseller; at St. Paul's School, 1773-8; B.A. Pembroke College, Oxford, 1782: fellow, 1784; D.C.L., 1789; an advocate at DoctorsCommons, 1789; published an English grammar, 1788, a history of England (to 1802), 1791-1803, a history of the union with Ireland, 1802, and lives of English civilians, 1804; published (1818-27) continuation of Russell's Modern Europe
^ Edmund Coote (ft. 1597), grammarian; often wrongly given as EDWARD; entered Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1566; M.A., 1583; master of Bnry St. Edmunds school, 1596-7; published The English Schoolmaster a method of learning English. 1597, which went through some fifty editions before 1704.
^ Sir Eyre Coote (1726–1783), general; served against the Scottish insurgents, 1745; sailed for India, 1754; captain, 1765: voted for immediate action at Plassey, and led a division in the battle, June 1757; lieutenant-colonel, 1759; assumed command of the troops in Madras, and took Wandewash, 1759; crushed Lally at Wandewash, 1760; took Pondicherry, 1761; returned to England, 1762; bought West Park, Hampshire; colonel, 1765; M.P., Leicester, 1768; went to Madras as commander-in-chief, 1769, but resigned; K.B., 1771: major-general, 1775; lieutenant-general, 1777; named commander-in-chief in India, 1777; assumed command at Calcutta, 1779; sent to Madras to cope with Hyder Ali; raised the siege of Wandewash, 1781; repulsed at Ohelambakam, 1781; routed Hyder Ali at Porto Novo, 1 July, and in several later engagements, August-December, 1781; died at Madras.
^ Sir Eyre Coote (1762–1823), general; nephew and heir of Sir Eyre Ooote (1726-1783); educated 1775 at Eton; ensign, 1774; served in America, 1775-81; lieutenant-colonel, 1788; served in the West Indies, 1793 and 1795; major-general, 1798; fought at Ostend, 1798, and Bergen, 1799; served in Egypt, 1801: K.B., 1802; M.P., Queen's County, 1802; governor of Jamaica, 1805-8; besieged Flushing, 1809; general, 1814; M.P., Barnstaple, j 1807-38; his autobiography published, 1857. 1810-18.
^ John Copcot (*. 1590), divine ; entered Trinity College, Cambridge, 1562; B.A., 1566; fellow; D.D., 1682; an instrument of Burghley in Cambridge; vicechancellor, 1686-7; made master of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1587: rector of St. Dunstan-in-the-East, London; published sermons.
^ Alan Cope (d. 1578), Roman catholic divine; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1549; M.A., 1552; student of civil law; withdrew to Flanders, 1560, and to Rome; created D.D. by the pope; canon of St. Peter's, Rome; died in Home; published Syntaxia Historiae Evangelicae 1672; edited Nicholas Harpsfield's Dialogi sex against the English reformers, 1566.
^ Sir Anthony Cope (d. 1551), author; of Hanwell, Oxfordshire; travelled; chamberlain to Queen Catherine Parr; knighted, 1547; sheriff of Oxfordshire, 1548; published The Historie of... Anniball 1544, and A Moditacion upon... Psalmes 1547.
^ Sir Anthony Cope (1548?-16l4), high sheriff of Oxfordshire, 1581; of Hanwell, Oxfordshire; M.P., Banbury, 1586-1604; imprisoned as a puritan, 1587; knighted, 1590.
^ Charles West Cope (1811–1890), historical painter; studied at Sass's academy, 1827, and the Royal Academy, 1828, and subsequently in Paris, Naples, and Florence; exhibited at Royal Academy, Paolo and Francesca, 1837, Osteria di Campagna 1838, and Poor Law Guardians 1841; obtained prize of 300J. in competition for decoration of houses of parliament, 1843; was one of the six painters commissioned, 1844, to prepare decorations for the House of Lords, and executed several f rescof *; studied fresco painting in Italy and at Munich; R.A., 1818; exhibited "The Firstborn 1849, and subsequently reduced many paintings and frescoes illustrating incidents in history and romance; professor of painting to Royal Academy, 1867-75; one of committee of artists employed in decoration of Westminster Palace, 1871; exhibited, 1876, The Council of the Royal Academy now in council-room of the Academy.
^ Edward Meredith Cope (1818–1873), classical scholar; entered Trinity College, Cambridge, 1837; senior classic, 1841; fellow, 1842; M.A., 1844; tutor, 1845; became insane, 1869; translated Plato's Phsedo and edited Aristotle'sRhetoric
^ Sir John Cope (d. 1760), lieutenant-general ; cornet, 1707; K.B. and lieutenant-general, 1743; commander-inchief in Scotland, 1745; marched from Stirling against the Jacobite insurgents, August 1745; reached Inverness and came by sea to Dunbar; routed by Prince Charles at Prestonpans, 21 Sept. 1745; stationed in Ireland, 175,1.
^ Michael Cope (ft. 1557), English protestant refugee at Geneva: preached in French at Geneva: published Expositions of Ecclesiastes and Proverbs, 1557 and 1564.
^ Richard Cope (1776–1856), congregationalist minister; educated at Hoxton Theological College, 1798-9; minister and proprietor of a boarding-school at Launceston, 1800-20; hon. M.A. Aberdeen, 1819; minister in Wakefield, 1822-9, Abergavenny, 1829-36, and Penryn, Cornwall, 1836-56; published sermons, tracts, and verses,
^ Henry Charles Coote (1815–1885), lawyer ; son of Charles Coote; proctor in DoctorsCommons, 1840; solicitor, 1857; published legal treatises, 1846-60, and historical essays, pointing out Roman influence on Anglo-Saxon civilisation, 1864 and 1878.
^ Holmes Coote (1817–1872), surgeon ; studied in London; surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1863; published professional treatises, 1849-67.
^ Richard Coote , first Earl of Bellamont (1636–1701), governor of New York; succeeded as second Baron Coote of Coloony, 1683; M.P., Droitwich, 1688-95; served in Ireland, 1689; created Earl of Bellamont, 1689; appointed governor of New England to repress piracy, 1698; commissioned ship for Captain William Kiild to arrest pirates; reached New York, 1697; arrested Kidd, 1699; died at New York.
^ Sir Walter Cope (d. 1614), politician: built Cope Castle (now Holland House), Kensington, 1607; chamberlain of the exchequer, 1609; master of the wards, 1613.
^ Thomas Copeland (1781–1865), writer on surgery; studied at St. Bartholomew's Hospital; qualified as a surgeon, 1804; army surgeon in Spain, 1809; an eminent practitioner in London; F.R.S., 1834 published Diseases of the Rectum 1810, and other works.
^ William John Copeland (1804–1886), divine ; at St. Paul's School, 1815-24; scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, 1824; M.A., 1831: fellow, 1832-49; B.D.,1840; rector of Farnham, Essex, 1849-85.
^ William Taylor Copeland (1797–1868) , porcelain manufacturer of Stoke-on-Trent; made a specialty of parian groups and statuettes; sheriff of Lon1 don, 1829; lord mayor, 1835; M,P., 1831-66.
^ Giovanni Coperario or Coprario (d. 1626) musician; said to be an Englishman, John Cooper; trained in Italy: published Funeral Teares 1606, ami 'Songs of Mourning (for Prince Henry), 1613; composed music for court masques, 1607-13; composer to Charles I, 1625; teacher of William and Henry Lawes; left much unpublished music in manuscript.
^ William Copinger (d. 1416), clerk; to him Bale and Pits erroneously assigned two manuscript treatises on theology.
^ James Copland (1791–1870), physician; M.D. Edinburgh, 1815; visited the Gold Coast; travelled in France and Germany; L.R.C.P., 1820; F.R.S., 1833: practitioner in London; contributed to professional journals; published Dictionary of Practical Medicine 1832, and other medical works.
^ Patrick Copland (1749–1822), professor at Aberdeen of natural philosophy, 1775-9 and 1817-22, and of mathematics, 1779-1817; LL.D.; formed a museum of natural philosophy.
^ Robert Copland (. J 508–1547), author and printer: pupil of Wynkyu de Worde; issued books with his imprint, 1515-47: translated from the French, The Kalender of Shepeherdes 1508, The Rutter of the See 1528, three romances and devotional and metrical pieces; his best-known poems, The Hye Way to the Spyttel Hous Jyl of Breyntford's Testament and The Seuen Sorowes that Women have
^ William Copland (. 1556–1569), printer; succeeded Robert Copland in business, 1548; member of the Stationers Company, 1556; issued books with his imprint, 1548-61; compiled A boke of... Herbes 1552.
^ Edward Copleston (1776–1849), bishop of Llandaff; scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1791; B.A., 1795; fellow of Oriel, 1795-1814; tutor, 1797; vicar of St. Mary's, Oxford, 1800; professor of poetry, 1802-12; D.D., 1815; provost of Oriel College, 1814-28; dean of Chester, 1826; bishop of Llandaff and dean of St. Paul's, 1828-49; published pamphlets on education, the currency, and pauperism; worked hard for his diocese; published charges to his clergy.
^ Anthony Copley (1567–1607?), poet; third son of Sir Thomas Copley; withdrew to Rouen, 1582, and to Rome, 1584; resided in the Low Countries, 1586-90; prisoner in the Tower, 1590; pardoned; published Wits, Fittes, and Fancies containing verses, and jests from the Spanish, 1595, and a poem, A Fig for a Fortune 1596; wrote for the secular priests against the Jesuits, 1601-2; conspired to place Arabella Stuart on the throne, 1603; turned king's evidence and was pardoned; in Rome in 1606.
^ Sir Godfrey Copley (d. 1709). founder of the Royal Society's Copley medal; succeeded as second baronet, 1684; M.P., Aldborough, 1678-81, Thirsk, 1695-1705; F.R.S., 1691; controller of army accounts, 1704.
^ John Copley (1577–1662), divine; youngest son of Sir Thomas Copley; born at Lou vain; a Roman catholic priest; published Reasons for embracing protestantism, 1612; vicar of Bethersden, 1612-16; rector of Pluckley, Kent, 1616; ejected by parliament, 1643: restored, 1660.
^ John Singleton Copley , the elder (1737–1815), portrait-painter in oil and crayons; born at Boston, Massachusetts; taught by his step-father, Peter Pelham (d. 1761), portrait- painter and engraver, of Boston; began painting and engraving portraits, 1753; painted George Washington's portrait, 1755; exhibitedThe Boy with the Squirrel in London, 1766; left America, 1774, having executed nearly three hundred pictures; visited London; visited continental galleries, 1774-6; settled in London, 1776; employed as a portrait-painter: exhibited his first imaginative picture,A Youth rescued from a Shark 1779; became famous as an historical painter by painting Chatham's last Appearance in the Lords Repulse of the Spanish Floating Batteries at Gibraltar 1790, and Charles I demanding the surrender of the Five Members (began 1785).
^ John Singleton Copley, the younger, Baron Lyndhurst (1772–1863), lord chancellor; son of John Singleton Copley the elder; born in Boston. Massachusetts: brought to England, 1775; entered Trinity College, Cambridge, 1790; second wrangler, ITt 1; follow. 1795-1804; M.A., 1796: went to Boston to try to recover his father's property, 1795; toured in the United States; took chamber* as a special pleader; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1804; joined the Midland circuit; became popular at Nottingham by defending a Luddite rioter, 1812; serjeant-at-law, 1813; became responsible for his father's debts, 1815; increased his reputation by gaining the bobbin-net lace case, 1816, and defending Arthur Thistle wood, 1817; engaged by the crown as prosecuting counsel, 1817; tory M.P., 1818-26; chief-justice of Chest cr, 1819; solicitor-general, 1819; conducted the prosecution of Arthur Thistlewood for treason, and that of Queen Caroline before the lords, 1820: knighted; attorneygeneral, 1824-6; master of the rolls, 1826; recorder of Bristol, 1826; lord-chancellor, 1827-30; created Baron Lyndhurst, 1827; chief baron of the exchequer, 1831-4; again lord chancellor, 1834-6: took a leading part in the debates in the Lords, 1835-41; high steward of Cambridge University, 1840; a third time lord chancellor, 1841-6; benefited by operations for cataract, 1849-52; declined a fourth tenure of the lord chancellorship, 1851; last speech in the Lords, 1861.
^ Sir Thomas Copley (1534–1584), of Gatton, Surrey, and Roughay, in Horsham parish, Sussex; knighted abroad; created baron by Philip II, and so often styled Lord Copley; claimed the barony of Hoo and Hastings; M.P. for Gatton, a private borough, 15531567; opposed the measures of Philip and Mary, 1558; a favourite with Elizabeth; embraced Roman Catholicism; imprisoned as a recusant; went abroad, 1570; entered the Spanish service; died in Flanders.
^ Thomas Copley (1594–1652?), Jesuit; of Gatton, Surrey; took part in planting the colony of Maryland.
^ Abiezer Coppe , alias Higham (1619–1672), fanatic: of disordered mind and disorderly life; servitor of All SoulsCollege, Oxford, 1636; post-master of Mertou College: baptist preacher in Warwickshire and other midland counties; joined the ranters; his Fiery Flying Roll burnt, as blasphemous, by order of parliament, 1650; imprisoned at Warwick, and, 1651, in Newgate; released, on his recantation, 1651; practised physic, after 1660, at Barnes, Surrey, as Dr. Higham
^ John Coppin or Copping (d. 1583), Brownist; disciple of Robert Browne; subjected to nominal imprisonment, 1576; taught his fellow-prisoners that Queen Elizabeth was an idolater and perjured: executed for treason.
^ Richard Coppin (fl. 1646–1659), universalist ; Anglican, presbyterian (1646), independent, and baptist; claimed to have had a special revelation to preach, 1648; patronised, 1649, by Abiezer Ooppe; preached, 1649-54, in several midland counties; often indicted for heresy, but leniently treated; preacher to familists at Rochester, 1655; published pamphlets, 1649-59.
^ Edmund Coppinger (d. 1692), fanatic; supported William Hacket, who claimed to be the Messiah; died in prison.
^ James Coppock (1798–1857), election agent; draper's clerk, then silk-mercer, in London; qualified as a solicitor, 1836; employed in disputed election cases.
^ Thomas Coppock or Cappoch (1719–1746), Jacobite: B.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1742; a clergyman: joined Prince Charles at Manchester; executed at Carlisle; popularly thought to have been named bishop of Carlisle by the Pretender; subject of various pamphlets.
^ Copsi, Copsige, or Coxo, Earl of Northumberland (d. 1067), thegn of Northumberland under Tostig, 1065; submitted to William I at Barking, 1066: created earl and sent to reduce Northumberland; slain by Oswulf,
^ Thomas Coram (1668?–1751), philanthropist; born at Lyme, Dorset; shipbuilder at Taunton, Massachusetts, 1694; merchant in London, 1720; a trustee for Georgia, 1732; planned colonisation of Nova Scotia, 1735; advocated the establishment of Foundling Hospital; obtained a charter, 1739; opened the building, 1745; received an annuity by subscription, 1749.
^ Marie Françoise Catherine Doetter Corbaux (1812–1883), painter; usually called Fanny Corbaux; painted in oil- and water-colours : first exhibited, 1827; book illustrator; wrote on Old Testament history; pensioned, 1871.
'^ William of Corbeil, Curbuil or Corbeuil (d. 1136), archbishop of Canterbury; born at one of the Corbeils in Normandy; pupil of Anselm at Laon; clerk of lianulf Flnmbard, bishop of Durham; present at the dedication of Durham Cathedral, 1104; became a canon regular of St. Augustine: prior of St. Osyth, Essex: chosen, under pressure from Henry I, archbishop, and consecrated, 1123; went to Rome for the pallium: opposed there by Thurstan, archbishop of York: his contention with Thurstan left undecided at a legatine court held at Westminster by John of Crema, 1126; summoned to Rome by Thurstan; obtained from Honorius II the position of legate in England and Scotland: took the oath to secure the succession to Matilda, 1126; held council at London to proceed against married clergy, 1129; built Rochester Castle and helped to rebuild the cathedral; completed Canterbury Cathedral and dedicated it, 1130; consented to the election of Stephen, whom he crowned in 1135.
^ Clement Corbet (d. 1652), civilian ; scholar of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1592: fellow, 1598; LL.D., 1605; professor of law, Gresham College, London, 1607-13; master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1611-26; advocate at DoctorsCommons, 1612; chancellor of Chichester; vicar-general of the bishop of Norwich, 1625.
^ Edward Corbet (d. 1658), divine; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1624; M.A., 1628; member of the Westminster Assembly, 1643; one of the parliamentary visitors of Oxford University, 1647; intruded canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1648; D.D., 1648; rector of Great Hasely, Oxfordshire, 1649-68.
^ John Corbet (1603–1641), divine : M.A. Glasgow, 1623; minister of Bonhill, Dumbartonshire, 1637; deposed, 1639; withdrew to Ireland; attacked presbyterianism in The Ungirding of the Scottish Armour, and The Epistle Congratulatorie of Lysimachus Nicanor 1639-40; incumbent of Killaban, Queen's County; murdered in the rebellion.
^ Sir John Corbet (1594–1662), patriot; of Shropshire; created baronet, 1627; probably not the Sir John Corbet who was imprisoned for refusing to pay the forced loan, 1627; high sheriff of Shropshire, 1629; imprisoned in the Fleet for speaking against the mustermaster wages, 1629; again imprisoned, 1635; M.P. for Shropshire, 1640, in the Long parliament; took the parliament side.
^ John Corbet (1620–1680), puritan; son of a Gloucester shoemaker; B.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1639; incumbent and under-schoolmaster of St. Mary-de-Crypt, Gloucester, 1640; chaplain to Colonel Edward Massey, parliamentary governor; published a narrative of events at Gloucester, 1645; preacher at Bridgwater, and afterwards at Chichester; rector of Bramshot, Hampshire: ejected, 1662; resided in Richard Baxter's house; nonconformist minister at Chichester, 1671-80; published controversial and devotional tracts; his Remains published, 1684.
^ Miles Corbet (d. 1662), regicide: of a Norfolk family; barrister, Lincoln's Inn; M.P., Great Yarmouth, 1628, and in the Long parliament; active against Laud; chairman of the committee of examinations; clerk of the court of wards, 1644; registrar of the court of chancery, 1648; attended one meeting of the commission and signed Charles I's death-warrant, 1649; a commissioner for settling Irish affairs, 1650; chief baron of the exchequer in Ireland, 1655; arrested in Dublin, 1669; M.P., Yarmouth, 1660, but his election annulled; went abroad; arrested in Holland, 1662; brought to London and executed.
^ Reginald Corbet (d. 1566), judge; of a Shropshire family; reader of the Middle Temple, 1551; justice of the queen's bench, 1559.
^ Richard Corbet (1582–1635), bishop of Oxford and of Norwich: son of a Surrey gardener; educated at Westminster; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1599; M.A., 1605; proctor, 1612; D.D., 1617; vicar of Cassington, near Oxford; chaplain to James I; prebendary of Salisbury, 1620-31; vicar of Stewkley, Berkshire, 1620-36; dean of Christ Church, 1620-28; bishop of Oxford, 1628; translated to Norwich, 1632; withdrew from the Walloon congregation the use of the bishop's chapel, 1634; his collected poems issued, 1647.
^ Robert Corbet (d. 1810), naval officer; of a Shropshire family; lieutenant, 1796; served off Egyptian coast, 1801: commander, 1802; captain, 1806; his men incited to mutiny by his inhuman cruelty to them, 1808; censured by the admiralty, 1809; served with distinction off the Isle of Bourbon, 1809; a mutiny nearly caused by his appointment to the Africaine, 1810; killed in battle with the French, strange stories being current about the bad management of his ship in action.
^ William Corbet (1779–1842), Irish rebel; entered Trinity College, Dublin, 1794; joined the United Irishmen; expelled from Trinity College for seditious practices, 1798: went to France; given a captain's commission; attached to Humbert's expedition, but never landed; arrested at Hamburg, 1798; imprisoned at Kilmainham, 1799; escaped to Paris, 1803; served on French side in Peninsula, 1810-13, and in German campaigns, 1813-14; colonel, 1815: slighted by the Bourbons; went with the French expedition to Greece, 1828; general of brigade; commanded French troops in Greece, 1831-2; general of division, 1833.
^ Thomas Corbett (d. 1751), secretary to Admiral George Byng in the Sicilian expedition, 1718-20; senior secretary of the admiralty, 1742.
^ William Corbett (d. 1748), violinist and composer; composed music for Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre, 1700-3; leader of the opera band, 1705-11; visited Italy, c. 1711-13; member of the court band, 1714-47; visited Italy, c. 1716-24, collecting music and musical instruments; supposed government spy on the Jacobites; returned to England, 1724; composed flute and violin music; published concertos, 1728 and 1742.
^ Ambrose Corbie or Corbington (1604–1649), Jesuit; son of Gerard Corbie; born near Durham: educated at St. Omer, 1616, and Rome, 1622; joined the Jesuits, 1627; rhetoric lecturer at St. Omer; minister at Ghent, 1645; died at Rome; wrote lives of Jesuits.
^ Gerard Corbie or Corbington (1558–1637), Roman catholic exile; native of Durham; withdrew to Ireland and to Belgium; joined the Jesuits, 1628.
^ Ralph Corbie or Corbington (1598–1644), Irish Jesuit; son of Gerard Corbie; educated in Belgium and Spain; joined the Jesuits, 1626; mission priest in Durham, 1631-44; hanged at Tyburn.
^ Saint Corbmac (6th cent.), son of Eogan ; commemorated on 13 Dec.; born in Munster; founded a monastery in co. Mayo.
^ Henry Corbould (1787–1844), painter; son of Richard Corbould; studied art in London; first exhibited, 1807; much employed as a book-illustrator; employed by the British Museum to make drawings of the Greek marbles.
^ Richard Corbould (1757–1831), painter; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1776-1811; a fine bookillustrator.
^ Thomas of Corbridge (d. 1304), archbishop of York; D.D.: prebendary of York; chancellor of York, 1279-90; visited Rome on cathedral business, 1281; resigned chancellorship on becoming sacrist of St. Sepulchre's Chapel, York, 1290; went to Rome in hope of recovering his chancellorship, 1290, but failed; sacrist, 1290-9; elected archbishop of York, 1299; involved in ecclesiastical disputes with the prior of Beverley, the bishop of Durham, and the archbishop of Canterbury; lost favour with the king over a question of patronage.
^ Michael Corcoran (1827–1863), American general; born in co. Sligo: emigrated, 1849: post office clerk in New York; colonel of militia; wounded at Hull's Run, 1861; brigadier-general, 1862.
^ Charles Cordell (1720-1791), Roman catholic divine: of English birth; educated at Douay; chaplain at Arundel Castle, 1748; priest in Yorkshire, Isle of Man, and (1765-91) at Newcastle-on-Tyne; published theological and biographical works.
^ Sir William Cordell (rf. 1581), master of the rolls; educated at Cambridge: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1544; M.P., Steyuing, 1553; solicitor-general, 1553; conducted prosecution of Sir Thomas Wyatt. 1554; knighted; master of the rolls, 1657-81; M.P Suffolk, and speaker of House of Commons, 1558; M.P. for Middlesex, 1663, and for Westminster, 1672.
^ William Corden (1797–1867), painter ; painted china for the Derby works; painted miniature portraits on ivory and china.
^ William Corder (1804–1828), murderer; murdered Maria Marten, near Ipswich, 1827; executed, amid popular execration, 1828.
^ Jeremy Corderoy ( ft. 1600), divine ; B.A. St. Alban Hall, Oxford, 1581; M.A., 1684; chaplain of Mertou College, 1590; published theological tracts, 1G04 and 1608.
^ Charles Cordiner (1746?–1794), antiquary; minister of St. Andrew's Episcopal Church, Banff, 17691794. His works includeAntiquities of the North of Scotland 1780.
^ James Cordiner (1775–1836), traveller: third son of Charles Cordiner; M.A. Aberdeen, 179?; army chaplain at Madras, 1797, and at Colombo, 1798 1804; minister of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Aberdeen, 1807-34; published A Description of Ceylon 1807, and A Voyage to India 1820.
^ John Corey (ft. 1700–1731), actor ; a favourite London actor, 17012-31; brought out a comedy, 1701, and a farce, 1704.
^ Arthur Thomas Corfe (1773–1863), organist ; third son of Joseph Corfe; chorister of Westminster Abbey; organist of Salisbury Cathedral, 1804-63; composed anthems, and wrote on The Principles of Harmony and Thorough-bass
^ Charles William Corfe (1814–1883), organist of Christ Church, Oxford, 1846-82; younger sou of Arthur Thomas Corfe; Mus.Doc. Oxford, 1852; composed glees and anthems.
^ John Davis Corfe (1804–1876), organist of Bristol Cathedral; eldest sou of Arthur Thomas Corfe
^ Joseph Corfe (1740–1820), composer ; chorister, lay vicar, and organist, 1792-1804, of Salisbury Cathedral; gentleman of the Chapel Royal, 1783; composed church music, anthems, and glees.
^ Earls of Cork . See BOYLE, RICHARD, first Earl, 1566-1643; BOYLE, RICHARD, second Earl, 1612-1697; BOYLE, RICHARD, fourth Earl, 1695-1753; BOYLE, JOHN, fifth Earl, 1707-1762.
^ Countess of Cork] (1746–1840). See Mary Monckton.
^ James Corker or Maurus (1636–1715), Benedictine monk; a Yorkshireman; embraced Romanism; Roman catholic chaplain in England, 1665-77; arrested, 1678; sentenced to death, 1680; released, 1685; built a monastery at Olerkenwell; received at court as envoy from Cologne, 1688; abbot of Lambspring, Germany, 1690-6; lived in London, 1696-1715; published memoirs of Viscount Stafford and otherpopish plot" victims, 1681-3, and theological tracts, 1680-1710.
^ Cormac Mac Art , also known as Cormac ua Cuinn and Cormac Ulfada (d. 260), king of Ireland: procured the murder of Lugaid Mac Con, 217, and of Fergus Dubhdeadach, 218, and so became king, 218; frequently at war with the tribal chiefs; once an exile in Scotland; introduced the first water-mill into Ireland: abdicated, 254; composed laws in retirement at sknvn, near Tara: said to have become a Christian: buried at ROB na righ.
^ Presbyter Cormac (6th cent.) See Corbmac.
^ Cormac (836–908), king of Cashel; son of Cuilenuan; chief bishop in Leth Mogha; became king of Cashel, 900; defeated Flann, king of Ireland, at Tullamore, 906; i and slain by Flann; traditional author of Sanas inaii-; an ancient glossary (printed, 1862).
^ Sir John Rose Cormack (1815–1882), physician ; M.D. Edinburgh, 1837; M.D. university of France, 1870; jihysi-i:in to Edinburgh Infirmary, c. 1840-5; practitioner in London, 1H47-66, and in Paris, 1869-82; knighted, 1872; wrote on medical subject?.
^ Viscount Cornbury (1710–1753). See Henry Hyde.
^ Lucas Cornelisz (1495–1562?), painter ; m pupil of Cornells Eugelbrechtsen, a Leyden artist; also de Kok, as being a cook; painted in oil and temper; came to London, c. 1527; designer for tapestry works at Ferrara, 1535-47.
^ Cornelius à Sancto Patricio (fl. 1650), Irish Jesuit. See Connor Mahony.
^ John Cornelius (1557–1594), Jesuit; of Ir descent; fellow of Exeter College. Oxford. 1676-8; drew to Rheims, and, 1580, to Rome; Roman catholic chaplain in England, 1583; arrested and executed, 1694.
^ Theresa Cornelys (1723–1797), ball-manager; tide Imer; daughter of an actor; born at Venice; married Pompeati, a dancer; directress of theatres in the Austrian Netherlands, as Mme. Trenti; as Mme. Ponjpeati, sang in London, 1746 and 1761; as Mme. Comely*, at Carlisle House, Soho Square, gave subscription balls and masquerades, 1760-72, and concerts, 1764-72; bankrupt, 1772; hotel keeper at Southampton, 1774-6; lived obscurely as a huckstress, under name of Smith; died in the Fleet.
^ George Richard Corner (1801–1863), antiquary; a London solicitor; F.S.A., 1833; vestry clerk of St. Olave's, South wark, 1835; contributed papers, chiefly on Southwark antiquities, to archaeological journals, 1834-60.
^ John Corner (. 1788–1825), engraver ; issued Portraits of Celebrated Painters 1816.
^ Julia Corner (1798–1875), writer for the young ; published educational works, stories, and plays.
^ Adrian de Corneto (1460?–1521?). See Adrian de Castello Adriax.
^ Charles Cornewall (1669–1718), vice-admiral ; spelt his name CORXWALL, from May 1709; entered navy, 1683; commanded ship in Mediterranean, 1693-6 and 1705-8; M.P., 1708-9; comptroller of the navy, 1714; rear-admiral, 1716; commanded against Sallee corsair?, 1716-17; vice-admiral, 1717; second in command off Cape Passaro, 1718; died at Lisbon.
^ Folliott Herbert Walker Cornewall (1754-1831), bishop of Worcester; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1780; chaplain to House of Commons, 1780; D.D.; canon of Windsor, 1784; dan of Canterbury, 1792; bishop successively of Bristol, 1797, Exeter, 1803, and Worcester, 1808-31; published sermons,
^ James Cornewall (1699–1744), navy captain ; captain, 1724; served on North American station, 1724-8, off Morocco coast, 1732-4, off Guinea coast, 1737-8, and in Mediterranean, 1741-3; killed in action off Toulon.
^ Bolton Corney (1784–1870), critic; ensign, 1803 ; clerk at Greenwich Hospital: very deaf, and a literary recluse: wrote on the Bayeux tapestry, 1836; criticised D'Israeli's Curiosities of Literature 1837, and the General Biographical Dictionary of Hugh James Rose, 1839; contributed to literary journals.
^ William of Cornhill (d. 1223), bishop of Coventry and Lichfield; one of King John's clerks; an offlcenof the exchequer, 1204; rector of Maidstone, 1206; justiciar, 1208; bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, 121E; much employed by King John and faithful to him to the last; supported Henry III; benefactor of Lichfield Cathedral.
^ Henry Cornish (d. 1685), alderman of London; presbyterian and whig; elected sheriff of London, 1680, against the strongest court pressure; took leading part in petition for a session of parliament, 1681; witness in favour of Edward Fitzharris, 1681; one of the committee to protect the city charter, 1682; prosecuted, 1682, for inciting riots; condemned, and fined, May 1683; unsuccessful candidate, through court intrigue, for the lord mayorship, 1682; condemned and executed for alleged implication (1683) in the Rye House plot; his attainder reversed in parliament, 1689.
^ Joseph Cornish (1750–1823), nonconformist divine; entered Hoxton Academy, 1767; adopted Arian views; minister, 1772-1823, and private schoolmaster, 1782-1819, at Colyton, Devonshire: published pamphlet* and tracts, 1772-90, and historiesof the Puritans 1772, andof Nonconformity 1797.
^ Sir Samuel Cornish (d. 1770), vice-admiral; lieutenant, 1739: served at Cartagena, 1741, and in the Mediterranean, 1742-4; rear-admiral, 1759; took Manila and the Philippines, 1762; vice-admiral, October 1762; created baronet, 1766.
^ Earls of Cornwall . See RICHARD, 1209–1272; Edmund, second EARL, 1250–1300; GAVESTON, PIERS, d. mi; JOHN, 131G-133G.
^ Barry Cornwall (1787–1874). See Bryan Waller Procter.
^ Charles Wolfran Cornwall (1735–1789), politician; educated at Winchester; barrister, Gray's Inn; M.P., 1768-89; speaker of the House of Commons, 1780-9.
^ Henry of Cornwall (1235–1271). See Henry.
^ John of Cornwall (fl. 1170). See John.
^ Caroline Frances Cornwallis (1786–1858), authoress; lived much in Italy; friend of Sismondi; published Philosophical Theories 1842, and othersmall books on great subjects; contributed to journals; her Letters published, 1864.
^ Sir Charles Cornwallis (d. 1629), diplomatist; second son of Sir Thomas Cornwallis; knighted, 1603; ambassador in Spain, 1605-9; treasurer of the household to Prince Henry, 1610-12; a commissioner on Irish affairs, 1613; imprisoned in the Tower for hostility to the Scots, 1614; wrote memoir of Prince Henry, 1626.
^ Charles Cornwallis, first Marquess and second Earl Cornwallis(1738-1805), governor-general of India; educated at Eton; styled Viscount Brome from June 1763-62; ensign, 1756; aide-de-camp to the Marquis of Granby in Germany, 1758-9; M.P., 1760; lieutenantcolonel, 1761; served in Germany, 1761-2: succeeded as second Earl Cornwallis, 1762; acted with the Whig peers, 1765-9; constable of the Tower, 1770-83, and 1786-1805; major-general, 1776; sent out with reinforcements to North America, 1776; given command of the reserve division; subdued New Jersey, 1776; occupied Philadelphia, 1777; given the second command in America, 1778, but kept inactive by Sir Henry Clinton's supineness; left in command at Charleston, 1780; invaded Virginia, 1781; ordered to hold Yorktowu, bjit forced to capitulate, 1781; petitioned to be governor-general and commander-iH-chief in India, to reform abuses, 1782, 1785, and 1786; took command at Calcutta, 1786; spent three years in reforming the civil and military administration; took command against Tippoo Sultan, at Madras, 1790; took Bangalore, 1791; defeated Tippoo near Seringapatam, 1791; fell back on Bangalore; invested Seringapatam, 1792; dictated terms of peace to Tippoo; created Marquis Cornwallis. 1792; tried to settle Bengal by making the zemindars owners of the soil, 1793; reorganised the law courts; general, 1793; resigned office, October 1793: reached England, 1794; despatched to the continent to encourage the allied forces, 1794; master-general of the ordnance, 1795-1801; was named governor-general of India, 1797, but did not take up the appointment; appointed viceroy and commander-in-chief in Ireland, 1798, to crush an expected rebellion; ordered the arrest of the ringleaders, and forced the French under Humbert to capitulate, 1798; supported Castlereagh in carrying the act of union by bribery, 1799-1800; resigned office, 1801, in consequence of the king's refusal to grant catholic emancipation; negotiated the unfavourable treaty of Amiens, 1801-2; sent to India to try to conclude a lasting peace with the native powers, 1805; took command at Calcutta, 1805, but died the same year at Ghazipore.
^ Charles Cornwallis, second Marquis Cornwallis (1774–1823), only son of Charles Cornwallis, first marquis; styled Viscount Brome; styled Earl Cornwallis after August 1792; succeeded as recond marquis, 1805.
^ Frederick Cornwallis (1713–1783), archbishop of Canterbury; younger son of Cliarles, fourth Baron Cornwallis; educated at Eton; U.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1736; fellow; D.D., 1748; heueflced in Suffolk and Norfolk, 1740; canon of Windsor, 1746; bishop of Lichfleld and Coventry, 1760. dean of St. Paul's, 1766; archbishop of Canterbury, 1768; noted for his hospitality at Lambeth; published four sermons.
^ James Cornwallis fourth Earl Cornwallis (1742-1824), bishop; third son of Charles, first earl Cornwallis; educated at Eton; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1763; fellow of Merton; M.A., 1769; a pluralist rector in Kent, 1769-81; D.C.L., 1775; dean of Salisbury, 1 1776; bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, 1781-1824; dean of Windsor, 1791; dean of Durham, 1794; succeeded as fourth Earl Cornwallis, 1823; published five sermons.
^ Jane Cornwallis, Lady Cornwallis (1581-1659), nfe Meautys: second wife of Sir William Cornwallis, of Brome, Suffolk, 1608-11; afterwards wile of Sir Nathaniel Bacon, of Culford, Suffolk, 1613; herCorrespondence (1613-44) published, 1842.
^ Sir Thomas Cornwallis (1519–1604), diplomatist; of Brome Hall, Suffolk; knighted, 1548; sent against the Norfolk insurgents, 1549; sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk, 1553; commissioner to treat with Scotland, i 1553; sent to escort Princess Elizabeth to London, 1564; commissioner for trial of Sir Thomas Wyatt, 1664; treasurer of Calais, 1554-7; popularly supposed to have sold Calais to France; comptroller of the household, 1567-8; M.P., Suffolk, 1558; catholic recusant.
^ Thomas Cornwallis (1663–1731), commissioner of lotteries; a younger son of Charles, second baron Cornwallis; educated at Cambridge, 1676; officer in the guards; devised parliamentary lotteries, 1709.
^ Sir William Cornwallis (d. 1631?), essayist ; son of Sir Charles Cornwallis; knighted, 1602; published essays, 1600-17.
^ Sir William Cornwallis (1744–1819), admiral ; a younger son of Charles, first earl Cornwallis; entered navy, 1755; commander, 1762; in constant service, 1755-87, taking part in the actions off Grenada, 1779, St. Kitts, 1782, and Dominica, 1782; commander-in-chief in East India waters, 1789-93; rear-admiral, 1793; viceadmiral, 1794; brought his squadron off safely on meeting a great French fleet, 1795; quarrelled with the admiralty, 1796; admiral, 1799; commanded Channel fleet, 1801 and 1803-6; G.C.B., 1816.
^ William Cornysshe (d. 1524?), musician; member of the Chapel Royal, 1493, and master of the chapel children, 1509-22; combed music for, and acted in court pageants for Henry V 1 1 and Henry VIII; imprisoned in the Fleet for satirising Sir Richard Empson, 1504; forced Wolsey to give up one of his choristers to the Chapel Royal, 1518: attended Henry VIII to France, 1518; obtained corrodies in Thetford and Malmesbury monasteries, 1523. Little of his music has survived,
^ Corpre Cromm , i.e. Corpre the bent, Saint (d. 900); confused in the Martyrology of Donegalwith Corpre Cromm, an Irish prince (ft. 640); commemorated on 6 March; son of Decill; became abbot of Clonmacnois, 886; harassed by Oonnaughtmen, 895.
^ Antonio de Corranus (1527–1591). See Corro.
^ Domenico Corri (1746–1825), musician; of orchestras at Rome, 1756; pupil of Porpora at Naples, 1763-7; conductor of concerts in Edinburgh, singingmaster, and (in partnership with Natale Oorri, his brother) music publisher, 1771-87; published Scottish and English songs, Country Dances 1797,Art of Fingering aMusical Dictionary 1798, andSinger's Preceptor 1810: produced two successful operas, 1774 and 1806; insane in later life.
^ Archibald Corrie (1777–1867), agriculturist ; gardener in Edinburgh, 1797; estate manager in Perthshire; wrote on agriculture in the journals,
^ Daniel Corrie (1777–1837), bishop of Madras; educated at Cambridge; disciple of Charles Simeon; Bengal cbapluin, 1806-15; senior chaplain at Calcutta, 1817; LL.D.; archdeacon of Calcutta, 1823; bishop of Madras, 1835.
^ George Elwes Corrie (1793–1886), divine; B.A. St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, 1817; tutor, 1817-49; Norrisian professor of divinity, 1838-54; master of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1849, and rector of Newton, Cambridgeshire, 1851-85; wrote papers on English church history; edited works of Anglican theology,
^ Sir Dominic John Corrigan (1802–1880), physician; born in Dublin; M.D. Edinburgh, 1825; acquired the leading practice in Dublin; created baronet, 1866; M.P., Dublin city, 1870-4; published medical tracts.
^ Antonio de Corro , otherwise Corranus and Bellerive (1527–1591), theologian; born at Seville; a Spanish monk; adopted protestantism, 1557; resided in Prance and Flanders, 1558-68; doctor of a foreign university; came to London, 1568; by Cecil's influence, was pastor of the Spanish congregation, London, 1568-70, and Latin divinity lecturer at the Temple, 1571-4; by Leicester's influence, was lecturer on divinity in Oxford, 1578-86; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1585; accused of heresy; published theological treatises, 1567-79; compiled a Spanish grammar, 1590.
^ Henry Thomas Lowry Corry (1803–1873), politician: second son of Somerset corry, second earl of Belmore; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1823: M.P., Tyrone, 1826-73; junior lord, 1841-5, secretary, 1845-6 and 1858-9, and first lord, 1867-8, of the admiralty.
^ Isaac Corry (1755–1813), Irish politician; educated at Trinity College, Dublin; M.P., Newry, in the Irish parliament, 1776-1800; attached to the government as surveyor of the ordnance in Ireland, 1788, and a commissioner of revenue, 1789-98; chancellor of the Irish exchequer, 1798-1804; surveyor of Irish crown lands, 17991813; chief government speaker in favour of the union, 1799-1800; fought a duel with Henry Grattan, 1800; M.P., 1800-4.
^ John Corry (fl. 1825), topographer; journalist in Dublin, and, 1792, in London; published, 1782-1820, verses, tales, and memoirs, and, 1810-25, histories of Liverpool, Bristol, Macclesfield, and Lancashire.
^ Thomas Corser (1793–1876), bibliographer; educated at Manchester grammar school, 1808-12; M.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1818; rector of Stand, near Manchester, 1826, and non-resident vicar of Norton, near Daventry, 1828-76; F.S.A., 1860; collected a fine library of early English poetry, described in Collectanea Anglo-Poetica 1860-80.
^ Henry Cort (1740–1800), ironmaster; navy agent in London, 1765-75; bought premises near Fareham, Hampshire, in which to carry on processes (patented 1783-4) for purifying iron bypuddling; ruined, 1789, by the prosecution of his partner, Adam Jellicoe, for embezzlement of naval funds; pensioned, 1794.
^ Joannes Corvus (fl. 1512–1544), painter ; real name Jan Rave, of Bruges; came to England. His protraits include Bishop Richard Fox (after 1522) and the Princess Mary, 1544.
^ Isaac Preston Cory (1802–1842), miscellaneous writer; fellow of Caius College, Cambridge; M.A., 1827.
^ William Johnson Cory (1823–1892), poet and master at Eton; son of Charles Johnson of Torrington; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge; won chancellor's medal for English poem, 1843: fellow, 1845-72; B.A., 1845; assistant master at Eton, 1845-72; assumed name of Cory and retired from fellowship and mastership, 1872; published educational works, besides several volumes of poems, some of which give him a permanent place among English lyrists.
^ George Coryate (d. 1607), divine; educated at Winchester; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1560-70; M.A., 1569; rector of Odcombe, Somerset, 1570-16U7; prebendary of York, 1594; wrote copies of Latin verses to the nobility.
^ Thomas Coryate (1577?–1617), traveller; son of George Corate; entered Gloucester Hall, Oxford, 1696; a buffoon at court; of Prince Henry's household; travelled, mainly on foot, through France to Venice, and thence by Switzerland, Germany, and Holland to London, 1608; published his narrative Coryats Crudities with commendatory verses from the wits, and two appendices, Coryats Crambe and The Odcombian Banquet 1611; visited Constantinople (1612), Asia Minor, Greece, and Egypt; travelled through Palestine, Mesopotamia, and Persia, to India, reaching Agra, October 1616; died at Surat; some letters from him published, 1616 and 1618.
^ William Coryton (. 1651), politician; vicewarden of the stannaries, 1603-27 and 1630-40; M.P M 1623-9; imprisoned, 1627-8, for refusing to pay the forced loan, and, 1629-30, for abetting Sir John Eliot March 1629); M.P., 1640. in the Short parliament; elected to the Long parliament, but unseated and dismissed from hf employments for malpractices.
^ Alexander Cosby (fl. 1580), soldier; eldest son of Francis Cosby; killed in skirmish with the Irish.
^ Arnold Cosby (fl. 1580), soldier ; second son of Francis Cosby; served in Flanders, 1587
^ Francis Cosby (d. 1580), Irish general; served against the Irish, 1548-58; granted Stradbally Abbey, Queen's County, 1562; assisted in slaughter of the O'Mores, 1567; killed in battle.
^ Sir Henry Augustus Montagu Cosby (1743-1822), lieutenant-general: volunteer at the taking of Gheria, 1766; in active service at Madras, 1760-75, becoming lieutenant-colonel, 1773; commander of the nawab of Arcot's cavalry, 1778: served against Haidar Ali, 1780; invalided to England, 1782; knighted; left India, 1786; lieutenant-general, 1822.
^ Phillips Cosby (1727?-1808), admiral : born in Nova Scotia; entered navy, 1745; commander, 1760; on active service. 1745-70; receiver-general of St. Kitts, 1771-8; on the North American station, 1779-81; held Mediterranean command, 1786-9; rear-admiral, 1790; admiral, 1799.
^ Edmund Cosin or Cosyn (fl. 1558), vice-chancellor of Cambridge; B.A. King's Hall, Cambridge, 1535; fellow; M.A., 1541; vicar of Grendon, Northamptonshire, 1538-41; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1546; B.D., 1647; a strong catholic; master of St. Catharine's Hall; pluralist in Norfolk and (1558-60) vice-chancellor of; Cambridge; resigned his preferments, 1560; went abroad, 1568.
^ John Cosin (1594–1672), bishop of Durham; fellow of Caius College, Cambridge; chaplain to Overall, bishop of Lichfield; friend of Laud and Richard Montague: prebendary of Durham, 1624, archdeacon of the East Riding, 1625, and rector of Ehvick and Brancepeth, Durham, 1626; defended Montague'sAppello Csesarem 1626: compiled, by request of Charles I,Collection of Private Devotions, 1 1627; at once accused of Romanist leanings; introduced ornate ornaments and services into Durham Cathedral, 1627-33; D.D., 1628; procured the ejection of Peter Smart, puritan prebendary of Durham, 1628; was appointed master of Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1635, where he introduced ornate chapel ornaments and services; vice-chancellor of Cambridge, 1639, and dean of Peterborough, 1640; accused by Smart to the Long parliament, and deprived of his benefices, 1640; sent Peterhouse plate to Charles I, 1642; ejected from the mastership, 1644; chaplain to the Anglican royalists at Paris, 1642-60; wrote, but did not publish, a treatise against Romanism (published 1675), and, 1652, an explanation of Anglicanism (published 1707); resumed his ecclesiastical preferments, 1660; bishop of Durham, 1660; member of the Savoy conference, 1661; proposed several slight changes in the liturgy, 1661; visited his diocese, 1661-2: used his ex-officio powers as lord-lieutenant of Durham to employ the militia to drive nonconformists to church, sold the offices in his patronage, and was most exacting in levying dues to provide money for his buildings at Auckland and Durham, for the library at Durham, for scholarships at Cambridge, for provision for his family, ami for general charity; published History of the Canon of Scripture 1657; bis collected works published, 1843-55, I and his correspondence, 1868-70.
^ Richard Cosin (1549?–1597), civilian; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; LL.D., 1580; dean of the arches, 1583; M.P., 1586-9; a master in chancery, 1588; published treatises on ecclesiastical law.
^ Cospatric, Earl of Northumberland (fl. 1067). See Gospatric.
^ Emanuel Mendes da Costa (1717–1791), naturalist; son of a London Jew; studied conchology and collected fossils; F.R.S., 1747-63; imprisoned, 1767-72; published treatises on fossils and shells, 1757-78.
^ Sir Michael Costa (1810–1884), composer; born and trained at Naples; composed for Italian theatres, 1825-9; employed at the King's Theatre, London, 1830-46, reforming the orchestra, 1832, and producing four ballets and two operas, 1831-44; director of music at Covent Garden Theatre from 1846; conductor of the Philharmonic concerts, 1847-54; conducted the festivals at Birmingham, 1849-79, and Leeds, 1874-80, and the Handel festivals, 1857-77; produced two oratorios, Eli 1855, and Naaman 1864; knighted, 1869; director of the Italian opera from 1871.
^ George Costard (1710–1782), astronomical writer; fellow of Wadham College, Oxford; M.A., 1733; vicar of Whitchurch, Dorset: vicar of Twickenham, 1764-82; published tracts on biblical criticism, 1733-62, and treatises on the history of astronomy, especially in antiquity, 1746-67.
^ Pierre Coste (1668–1747), translator; a Frenchman; Huguenot minister at Amsterdam, 1690; translated two of Locke's tracts into French; French tutor in England; translated Locke's Essay under Locke's supervision, 1697; translated Newton's Optics; annotated French standard authors.
^ Guillaume Costeley (1531–1606), composer of French chansons, published 1554-97; of Scottish extraction; organist to Henry II and Charles IX of France; lived at Evreux, 1571-1606.
^ Dudley Costello (1803–1865), journalist: of Irish extraction; ensign, 1821; stationed at Bermuda, 1824-8; copyist of illuminated manuscripts at Paris; lived in London, 1833-8; foreign correspondent of London journals; wrote for periodicals; pensioned, 1861; published novels and notes of travel, 1845-61.
^ Louisa Stuart Costello (1799–1870), artist and author; sister of Dudley Costello; miniature-painter in Paris, 1814, and London; copyist of illuminated manuscripts; pensioned, 1852; lived latterly at Boulogne; published poems, 1815-56, Specimens of the Early Poetry of France 1835, notes of travel, 1840-6, novels, and memoirs, 1844-55.
^ William Birmingham Costello (1800–1867), surgeon; native of Dublin; M.D.; practitioner in London, 1832; withdrew to Paris; wrote on medical topics.
^ Maria Cecilia Louisa Cosway (fl. 1820), miniature-painter; n6e Hadfield; born in Florence; of English extraction; educated in Rome; miniature-painter in London of portraits and mythological subjects; first exhibited, 1781; married, 1781, Richard Cosway; lived much abroad: a prolific etcher and book- illustrator.
^ Richard Cosway (1740–1821), painter; artstudent in London; drawing-master; designer of snuffbox lids; dealer in old pictures; R.A., 1771; in great request as portrait-painter in oil and miniature; a favourite of the prince regent: his art collection sold, IMI-_;;i folio volume of his designs published by his widow, Florence, 1826.
^ Michael Cosworth or Cosowarth (fl. 1600), metrical translator of psalms; of Cornish family; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1580.
^ Francis Cotes (1725?–1770), portrait-painter in crayons and oil; of Irish extraction; R.A.; worked in London and Bath.
^ Roger Cotes (1682–1716), mathematician; educated at St. Paul's School; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1705; M.A., 1706; Plumian professor of astronomy, 1706; helped Newton in the reissue of the Principia 1709-13; F.R.S., 1711; published Logometria a treatise on ratios, 1713; partially observed the total solar eclipse, April 1715: his mathematical papers published, 1722 and 1738, and his correspondence, 1850.
^ Samuel Cotes (1734–1818), miniature-painter: taught by his brother, Francis Cotes; executed crayon portraits and miniatures on enamel and ivory; exhibited, 1760-89; fellow of the Incorporated Society of Artists.
^ John Cotgrave (fl. 1655), author of 'The English Treasury... of... Dramatick Poems and Wit's Interpreter 1655.
^ Randle Cotgrave (rf. 1634?), compiler of the French-English dictionary, 1611 (second edition, 1632); scholar of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1587; secretary to William Cecil, afterwards second Earl of Exeter.
^ John Sell Cotman (1782–1842), landscape-painter, chiefly in water-colours; art-student in London, 1798; exhibited in London, 1800-6; drawing-master in Norwich, 1807-34; painted portraits and landscapes; etched plates of buildings and antiquities, chiefly in Norfolk, 1811-39; published, 1822, etchings of Architectural Antiquities of Normandy," taken 1817-20; exhibited again in London, 1825-39; drawing-master in King's College, London, 1834-42.
^ Joseph John Cotman (1814–1878), landscapepainter; son of John Sell Ootman; drawing-master in Norwich, 1836; became mentally deranged,
^ Miles Edmund Cotman (1810–1858), landscapepainter and etcher; eldest son of John Sell Cotman: drawing-master in Norwich, 1834, and in London, 1836c. 1845; exhibited river and sea views in oil- and water colours, 1835-56.
^ John Cotta or Cottey (1675?–1650?), physician; scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1590-6; M.A. Corpus Ohristi College, Cambridge, 1597; M.D., 1603; practised medicine in Northampton, 1603 till death: published Discoverie of... Ignorant Practisers of Physicke 1611, The Triall of Witchcraft 1616, and Cotta contra Antonium 1623 (against Francis Anthony )
^ Thomas Cottam (1549–1582), Jesuit; born in Lancashire: M.A. Braseuose College, Oxford, 1572; schoolmaster in London: embraced Roman Catholicism; withdrew to Douay; afterwards lived at Rome and at Rheims; .joined the Jesuits; imprisoned in London, 1580-2; executed at Tyburn.
^ Earl of Cottenham (1781–1851). See Charles Christopher Pepys.
^ George Sackville Cotter (1755–1831), translator; educated at Westminster School, and, 1771, Peter.house, Cambridge; M.A., 1779; beneficed in co. Cork, Ireland; published poems, 1788; translated Terence, 1826, and Plautus, 1827.
^ Patrick Cotter (1761?–1806), Irish giant; born at Kinsale; a bricklayer: exhibited himself in Great Britain as O'Brien, 1779-1804; his height sometimes given as over eight feet.
^ Sir Charles Cotterell (1616–1687?), courtier : knighted, 1644; master of the ceremonies, 1641-9; at Antwerp, 1649-52; steward at the Hague to Elizabeth, queen of Bohemia, 1652-4; secretary to Henry, duke of Gloucester, 1655-GO; master of the ceremonies, 1660-86; master of requests, 1670-86; M.P., Cardigan, 1663-78; translated French romances and histories, andThe Spiritual Year a Spanish devotional tract.
^ Sir Charles Lodowick Cotterell (1654–1710), courtier; son of Sir Charles Cotterell; LL.D. Trinity College, Cambridge: knighted, 1687; master of the ceremonies, 1686-1710; published memoir of Prince George of Denmark, 1708.
^ Sir Clement Cotterell (d. 1758), courtier; son of Sir Charles Lodowick Cotterell; knighted, 1710; master of the ceremonies, 1710-58; assumed the name Dormer, 1741, on inheriting Rousham, Oxfordshire.
^ William Cotterell (d. 1744), bishop in Ireland; son of Sir Charles Lodowick Cotterell; dean of Raphoe, 1725; D.D. Oxford, 1733; bishop of Ferns and Leighlin, 1743.
^ Thomas Cottesford (d. 1555), protestant divine; M.A. Cambridge: imprisoned as a protestant, 1541; resigned rectories at Walpole, Norfolk, 1544; vicar of Littlebury, Essex, 1545: rector of St. Martin's, Ludgate, 1553, but withdrew to the continent; died at Frankfort; published theological and devotional tracts, 1543-53.
^ Baron Cottesloe (1798–1890). See Thomas Francis Fremantle.
^ Lewis Nockalls Cottingham (1787–1847), architect; builder's apprentice at Ipswich; architect in London, 1814; much employed in restoration of churches; published drawings of Westminster Abbey and Hall, and other architectural treatises.
^ Nockalls Johnson Cottingham (1823–1854), architect: older son of Lewis Nockalls Cottingham; drowned at sea.
^ Francis Cottington, Baron Cottington (1578?-1652), diplomatist; attached to Sir Charles Cornwallis's embassy at Madrid, 1605-9; English agent at Madrid, 1609-11; consul at Seville, 1612; clerk of the council, 1613-16; again envoy to Spain, 1616-18; secretary to Charles, prince of Wales, 1622; created baronet, 1623; ordered to accompany Prince Charles to Madrid, 1623; professed Romanism there; a leader of the party favourable to Spain; dismissed from court by Buckingham's influence, 1623; privy councillor, 1628: chancellor of the exchequer, 1629-42; ambassador to Spain to conclude peace, 1629-31; created Baron Oottington, 1631; a commissioner on Irish affairs, 1634; master of the court of wards, 1635-41; a commissioner of the treasury, and in conflict with Laud, 1635-6; a commissioner on Scottish affairs, 1638; built Hanworth House, Middlesex; constable of the Tower, 1640; joined Charles I at Oxford, 1643: lord treasurer, 1643; went to Rouen, 1646; joined Prince Charles at the Hague, 1648: unsuccessful in an embassy to Spain to raise money for Prince Charles, 1649; embraced Roman Catholicism and settled at Valladolid, 1651; died at Valladolid.
^ John Cottisford (d. 1540?), vice-chancellor of Oxford; B.A. Oxford, 1505; fellow of Lincoln College, 1509-18, and rector, 1519-39; D.D., 1525; vice-chancellor, 1527-32; directed to suppress protestant books; arrested Thomas Garret, 1528; canon of Henry VIII's Oxford college, 1532; prebendary of Lincoln, 1538.
^ Amos Simon Cottle (1768?–1800), translator; B.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1799; wrote verses; translated, in metre, the Edda of Saemund, 1797.
^ Joseph Cottle (1770–1853), author; bookseller in Bristol, 1791-9; met Coleridge and Southey, 1794; brought out Coleridge's Poems and Southey's Joan of Arc 1796, and Coleridge and Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads 1798; published verses and essays, 1798-1829, and Early Recollections of Coleridge and Southey, 1837.
^ Sir Arthur Thomas Cotton (1803–1899), general, and irrigation engineer; studied at East India Company's college, Addisoombc; obtained commission in Madras engineers, 1819; assistant engineer in Madras, 1821; accompanied expeditionary force to Burmah, 1824: placed in charge, 1828, of irrigation works in Tanjore, which he greatly extended and improved by construction of anicnts on the Coleroon, 1835-6; constructed an anicut across Godavery river below Rajahmundry for irrigation of Godavery district, 1847-52; subsequently projected the anicut on the Krishna river, the construction of which was carried out by Major-general Charles Orr; knighted, 1861; second class K.C.S.I., 1866; retired from government service, 1862, but continued to give his attention to irrigation schemes; retired from army with rank of general, 1877.
^ Bartholomew de Cotton (d. 1298?), historian; monk of Norwich; compiled Historia Anglicana in which the events of 1291-8 seem to be described from personal knowledge.
^ Charles Cotton (1630–1687), poet ; of Beresford, Staffordshire; travelled; single copies of Ms verses printed (1049-74), but they circulated chiefly in manuscript; lecame deeply involved in debt; army captain in ireland, 1670: published burlesques of Virgil, 1664, and of Lucian, 1675, and translations from the French, 1667-74; reputed author of The Complete Gamester 1674; published The Planter's Manual of fruit-trees, 1676, a second partof Walton's Complete Angler, 1 167C,The Wonders of the Peak 1681, and a standard translation of Montaigne's Essays 1685; his poems collected, 1689, and his works. 1715. "
^ Sir Charles Cotton (1753–1812), admiral; entered navy, 1772; commander, 1779; succeeded as fifth baronet of Madiugley, Cambridgeshire, 1795; in active service, 1772-83, and 1793-1801; rear-admiral, 1797; vice-admiral, 1802; held command in Tagua, 1807-8, in Mediterranean, 1810; in command of Channel fleet, 1812.
^ George Edward Lynch Cotton (1813–1866), bishop of Calcutta; educated at Westminster and Trinity College, Cambridge; a house-master at Rugby, 1837-52; head-master of Marlborough, 1852-8; D.D.; bishop of j Calcutta, 1868; founded schools for poor European and ! Eurasian children; opposed presbyterian claim to use government churches; drowned in the Ganges.
^ Henry Cotton (1789–1879), bibliographer and historian; at Westminster School, 1803-7; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1807-19; M.A., 1813; D.C.L., 1820; sub-librarian of the Bodleian, 1814-22; treasurer of Christ Church, Dublin, 1832-72; titular dean of Lismore, 1834-72; became blind; published a bibliography (1505-1820) of the English bible, 1821, and a bibliography of English Roman catholic versions, 1855,Typographical Gazetteer 1824, Fasti Ecclesiae Hibernicae 1845-78, and other works.
^ Sir Henry Cotton (1821–1892), judge; son of William Cotton (1786-1866); educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1843; called to bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1846; practised in equity courts; standing counsel to Bank of England; Q.C., 186; standing counsel to Oxford University, 1872; appointed lord justice of appeal, sworn privy councillor, and knighted, 1877; honorary D.O.L. Oxford, 1877.
^ John Cotton (12th cent.?), author of a treatise on music (published 1784).
^ John Cotton (1584–1652), nonconformist divine : M.A. Trinity College Cambridge, 1606; fellow of Emmanuel College, c. 1607; later, was dean; B.D., 1613; vicar of Boston, Lincolnshire, 1612; temporarily suspended for disuse of theceremonies 1615, but subsequently indulged in his nonconformity with James I's sanction; took theological pupils; cited for nonconformity by high commission court, 1633, resigned living, and sailed with Thomas Hooker and others for New England; joint-minister at Trimountain, the name of which town was at tliis time changed to Boston; rendered considerable assistance in consolidating the Massachusetts government. His numerous publications include sermons, works on church government, doctrinal questions, and controversial and expository treatises.
^ Sir John Cotton (1621–1701), eldest son of Sir Thomas Cotton; succeeded as third baronet, 1662; offered the Cottonian Library to the nation, 1700.
^ Sir John Cotton (1679–1731), succeeded his grandfather as fourth baronet, 1701; transferred the Oottonian Library; to the nation, 1702; M.P., Huntingdonshire, 1711.
^ Sir John Cotton (l. 1752), son of Sir Robert Cotton; sixth and last baronet.
^ Sir John Hynde Cotton (d. 1752), Jacobite; succeeded (1712) as fourth baronet of Madingley, Cambridgeshire; M.A. Cambridge, 1706: M.P., 1708-52; a pronounced tory; forced on George II as treasurer of the chamber, 1744-6.
^ Joseph Cotton (1745–1825), mariner; son of Nathaniel Cotton; entered the navy, 1760; entered marine service of East India Company; an elder brother of the Trinity House, 1788-1808; a director of the East India Company, 1796-1823; compiled history of Trinity House, 1818,.
^ Nathaniel Cotton (1705–1788). physician : studied medicine at Leyden, 1729; medical practitioner and keeper of a lunatic asylum at St. Albans, 1740-88; wrote verses, which were collected and published, 1791.
^ Richard Lynch Cotton (1794–1880), provost of Worcester College, Oxford; educated at the Charterhouse; B.A. Worcester College, Oxford, 1815, fellow, 1816-38 and provost, 1839-80; D.D., 1839; vicur of Denchworth, Berkshire, 1823-38; vice-chancellor of Oxford, 1852-7; published sermons.
^ Robert Cotton (fl. 1300).
^ Sir Robert Cotton (1669–1749), son of Sir John Cotton (1621-1701); succeeded his nephew as fifth baronet, 1731.
^ Sir Robert Bruce Cotton (1571–1631), antiquary; of Connington, Huntingdonshire; educated at Westminster School and Jesus College, Cambridge; B. A., 1585; settled inCotton House Westminster, and collected manuscripts and coius; gave free use of hie library to Bacon,. Camden, Ralegh, Selden, Speed, Ussher, and other scholars; made an antiquarian tour with Camdi-M to (arlisle. 1600: wrote papers on questions of precedents and other antiquarian topics; sent a gift of manuscripts to the Bodleian Library on its foundation, 1601; rebuilt Connington House, 1602; knighted by James I, 1603; M.I, Huntingdon, 1604; his advice in public affairs sought by the king; created baronet, 1611; contributed to Speed's History of England 1611; bequeathed valuable manuscripts by Arthur Agard, 1614; contributed to Oamden's Elizabeth 1615; imprisoned for trying to screen the Earl of Somerset by altering dates of letters, 1615-16; received valuable papers by bequest from Camden, 1623; M.P., Old Sarnm, 1624, and Tbetford, 1625, attaching himself to Eliot and the parliamentary party; ojwuly affronted by Charles I in consequence, 1626; wrote against debasing the coinage, 1626; published political tracts, History of Henry III 1627, and Dangers wherein the Kingdom now standcth 1628; M.P., Castle Rising, 1628-9, acting throughout with Eliot; excluded in consequence from his library by order of Charles I, 1629-31; papers by him printed posthumously, 1641-1771. The rottoiiian Library was transferred to the nation, 1702; placed iii Essex House, 1712; removed to Ashburnham House, 1730, where it suffered severely in the fire of October 1731; deposited in Westminster School, 1731, and removed to the British Museum, 1753. Catalogues of it appeared in 1696, 1732, and 1802.
^ Roger Cotton (.ft. 1596), poet ; draper in London; published a devotional tract entitled * A Direction to the Waters of Lyfe 1590, and two devotional poems, An Armor of Proofe and A Spirituall Song 1596.
^ sir St Vincent Cotton (1801–1863), sixth baronet of Madingley, Cambridgeshire; eldest son of Sir Charles Cotton; educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; lieutenant of dragoons, 18271830; played cricket, 1830-5; patron of sport; gambled away his estates; made a living by driving the stage coach between London and Brighton.
^ Sir Stapleton Cotton, Viscount Combermere ( 1773–1865), field-marshal; at Westminster School 1785-9; lieutenant of foot, 1790; lieutenant-colonel of horse, 1794; served in Flanders, 1793-4, at Cape Town, 1795, and against Tippoo Sahib, 1799; returned to England, 1800; major-general, 1805; M.P., Newark, 1806-14; commanded cavalry division in Peninsula, 1808-12; succeeded as sixth baronet of Combermere, 1809; lieutenantgeneral, and invalided by wounds, 1812; served in Pyrenees campaign, 1813-14; created Baron Combermere and pensioned, 1814; commanded the allied cavalry in France, 1815-16: governor of Barbados, 1817-20: commauder-inchief in Ireland, 1822-5; general, 1825;commander-in-chief in India, 1825-30; captured Bhurtpore, 1826; created Viscount Combermere, 1827; separated from his wife, 1830; constable of the Tower, 1852; field-marshal, 1865.
^ Sir Sydney John Cotton (1792–1874), lieutenant-general; comet (1810) and lieutenant (1812) of dragoons; captain of foot, 1822; lieutenant-colonel, 1843; served in India, in Burmnh, and Australia, 1810-58; K.(J.U. uud major-general, 1858; lieutenant-general, 1866; governor of Chelsea Hospital, 1872; wrote on military subjects, 1857-68.
^ Sir Thomas Cotton (1594–1662), son of Sir Robert Bruce Cotton; M.P., St. Germans, 1828-9; succeeded as second baronet, 1631; obtained, with difficulty, possession of his father's library; M.P. for Huntingdon, 1640 (the Short parliament); left Cotton House in the hands of the parliament.
^ William Cotton (d. 1621), bishop of Exeter : M.A. Queens' College, Cambridge, 1576; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1677-98; bishop of Exeter, 1598-1621; "precentor of Exeter, 1599-1606: probeivlary of Exeter, 16081621; rector of Silverton, Devonshire, 1600-21; opposed the puritans.
^ William Cotton (1786–1866), philanthropist: third son of Joseph Cotton; managing partner of a Limehouse rope-factory, 1807-38; resided at Leytoustone, 1819-66; a director of the Bank of England, 1821-65; inventor of the sovereign weighing-machine, 1844; unweariedly advocated school and church extension from 1811.
^ William Charles Cotton (1813–1879), writer on bee*; brother of Sir Henry Cotton; educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1836; held living of Frodshaui, Cheshire, 1857 till death; first secretary of Apiarian Society.
^ Sir Willoughby Cotton (1783–1860), general; educated at Rugby; ensign, 1798; lieutenant, 1799; served in Hanover, 1805, at Copenhagen, 1807, and in the Peninsula, 1809-11 and 1813-14; lieutenant-colonel, 1821: served in Burmah, 1825-6; K.O.H. and major-general, 1830; governor of Jamaica, 1829-34; commanded a division in the Afghan war, 1838-9; lieutenant-general, 1841; commander-iu-chief in Bombay, 1847-50; general, 1854.
^ Jonathan Couch (1789–1870), naturalist : studied medicine in London; medical practitioner at Polperro, 1809-70; published Illustrations of Instinct 1847, History of British Fishes 1860-5, History of Polperro and 'Cornish Fauna
^ Richard Quiller Couch (1816–1863), naturalist; eldest son of Jonathan Couch: medical practitioner at Peuzauce, 1845-63; an able zoologist; contributed to scientific journals.
^ William Couche (1732–1763), Jesuit; a Cornishman; educated at St. Omer; joined the Jesuits, 1749: died at Liege.
^ Walter Coulson (1794?–1860), journalist and lawyer; a Cornishman; amanuensis to Jeremy Bentham; parliamentary reporter of the Morning Chronicle; editor of the Globe 1823; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1828; conveyancer; counsel for the home office; friend of Charles Lamb and Leigh Hunt.
^ William Coulson (1802–1877), surgeon; surgeon's apprentice at Penzance; studied surgery in London and, 1824-6, Berlin; on the staff of the Lancet 1823; qualified as a surgeon, 1826; practised in London; senior surgeon of St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington; published surgical treatises, 1836-54; contributed to professional journals.
^ David Trevena Coulton (1810–1857), journalist; conducted the Britannia newspaper, 1839-50, and the Press 1864-7; published a novel, 1853, and an Inquiry into the Authorship of the Letters of Junius.
^ Robert Couper (1750–1818), author; student at Glasgow, 1769; tutor in Virginia; medical student in Glasgow, 1776; M.D.; medical practitioner in Wiijtoushire and, 1788-1806, at Fochnbers, Banffshire; published 'Poetry, chiefly in the Scottish Language 1804.
^ Albert Etienne Jean Baptiste Terrien de la Couperie (d. 1894), orientalist. See Terrien.
^ Pierre François Courayer (1681–1776), French divine; born at Rouen; joined the fraternity of St. Genevieve; appellant against the bull Unigenitus, 1714; corresponded with Archbishop Wake, 1721-3; published a dissertation admitting the validity of Anglican orders, 1723, a Defence of the dissertation, 1726, and 'Historical Relation', a further defence, 1729; hon. D.D. Oxford, 1727; pensioned by the government; translated into French Father Paul's Council of Trent 1736, and Sleidan's Reformation 1769-77; published theological tracts of Socinian tendency.
^ John de Courci (d. 1219?), conqueror of Ulster : went to Ireland with William FitzAldelm, Henry II's minister, 1176; seized Downpatrick, 1177; after fire years righting, subdued Uladh (i.e. Down and Antrim); married, 1180, Affreca, a daughter of the king of Man justic mr of Ireland from 1185; savagely revenged the murder of his brother Jordan by a native, 1197; outlawed in Ireland by William de Lacy, King John's officer, 1200, and his English estate forfeited; raided by Hugh de Lacy, 1203; taken prisoner by Hugh de Lacy, 1204; obtained his freedom by giving hostages; withdrew to Tyrone; submitted, and recovered his English estate, 1205; rebelled on Hugh de Lucy's being granted his lauds in Ulster, 1205; collected a pirate fleet and ravaged Antrim, but was defeated; licensed to visit England, 1207; pensioned, and in personal attendance on King John, 1210-16.
^ Sir Peter Courten (d. 1625), baronet ; of Aldington, Northamptonshire; son of Sir William Courten or Curteene; created baronet, 1622.
^ Sir William Courten or Curteene (1572-1636), merchant; son of a London silk merchant, a protestant refugee from Menin, Flanders; factor at Haerlem for his father's business; returned to London, 1600; partner in Council and Money, silk and linen merchants, 1606; heavily fined by the Star-chamber, 1619; had a fleet of twenty ships trading with Guinea, Spain, and the West Indies; knighted, 1622; lent large sums, never repaid, to James I and Charles I; obtained grants of Barbados (discovered by one of his ships in 1624), and sent colonists there, 1625 and 1628; his colonists forcibly expelled by the Earl of Carlisle, 1629; bought Northamptonshire estates, 1628-33; traded with the East Indies; sent to China two ships, which were lost.
^ William Courten, the younger (d. 1655), merchant; younger son of Sir William Courten or Curteene; his East India ships seized by the Dutch, 1641; became bankrupt, 1643; withdrew to Italy; died at Florence.
^ William Courten (1642–1702), naturalist; went sometimes by the name of Charleton; son of William Courteu the younger; studied at Montpellier; resided in England, 1663-70; tried to enforce his grandfather's claims on money lent to the crown and on Barbados, 1660 and 1677; lived abroad, 1670-84; opened botanical museum in London, 1684.
^ Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon(d. 1509), created earl, and granted large estates in Devonshire, 1485; defended Exeter against Perkin Warbeck, 1497.
^ Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon(1526?-l556), son of Henry Courtenay, marquis of Exeter; prisoner in the Tower, 1538-53; attainted, 1539; released and taken into favour by Queen Mary, August 1553; lived dissolutely; created Earl of Devonshire, September 1553; his attainder reversed, October 1553; disappointed in his hope of marrying Queen Mary; formed designs of marrying Princess Elizabeth and making her queen, December 1553; imprisoned, 1554; exiled, 1555; died at Padua; translated an Italian devotional treatise, 1548 (printed, 1856).
^ Gertrude Courtenay, Marchioness of Exeter (d. 1558), daughter of William Blouut, fourth baron Mount joy; second wife of Henry Courtenay, marquis of Exeter; a devout Roman catholic; patronised Elizabeth Barton; prisoner in the Tower, 1538; attainted, 1539; her attainder reversed, 1553; lady-in-waiting to Queen Mary.
^ Henry Courtenay, Marquis of Exeter and Earl of Devonshire (1496?–1538), son of Sir William Courtenay; cousin of Henry VIII; allowed to succeed to earldom of Devonshire, 1511; served against France, 1513; privy councillor and gentleman of the privy chamber 1520: attended Henry VIII to France, 1521; granted estates and offices, 1521-3; constable of Windsor Castle, 1525; created Marquis of Exeter, 1525; envoy to France, 1525; supported Henry VIII in his divorce proceedings, 1529-33; king's agent to seize the lands of the smaller monasteries, 1535; commissioner to try Anne Boleyn, 1636; sent to suppress the Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536; lord steward to try Thomas, lord Darcy, 1537; sent to the Tower as an aspirant to the crown, 1538; beheaded and attainted.
^ Henry Reginald Courtenay (1741–1803), bishop of Exeter; at Westminster School, 1755-9; tutor of Christ Church, Oxford, 1763-8; M.A., 1766; D.C.L., 1774; rector of Lee, Kent, 1773; rector of St. George's, Hanover Square, 1774-1803; prebendary of Exeter, 1772-94, of Rochester, 1773-4 and 1783-97; bishop of Bristol, 1794; bishop and archdeacon of Exeter, 17971803; published sermons and charges.
^ John Courtenay (1741–1816), politician ; private secretary to George, viscount Townshend, 1767-82; M.P., 1780-1807 and 1812; surveyor-general of the ordnance, 1783; spoke against Warren Hastings, 1786; advocated abolition of slavery; defended French revolution; published essays and verses, 1772-1811.
^ Peter Courtenay (rf. 1492), bishop of Winchester; of the Powderham, Devonshire, family; studied at Oxford and Padua; doctor of laws; dean of Windsor, 1477; bishop of Exeter, 1478-87; attainted by Richard III for raising insurrection in the west, 1484; fled to Brittany; keeper of the privy seal to Henry VII, 1485-7; bishop of Winchester, 1487-92.
^ Richard Courtenay (d. 1415), bishop of Norwich; of Powderham, Devonshire; studied in youth at Oxford; doctor of civil and canon law; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1394, Lincoln, 1401,~and York, 1403; precentor of Chichester, 1400; dean of St. Asaph, 1403; archdeacon of Northumberland, 1410; dean of Wells, 1410; inherited his father's lands, 1406; resided in Oxford, where he was chancellor, 1407 and 1411-12, unsuccessfully resisting, 1411, Archbishop Arundel's title to hold a metropolitan visitation of Oxford University, and organising Thomas de Cobham's library; friend to Henry V, when prince, and treasurer of his household, 1413; non-resident bishop of Norwich, 1413; envoy to France, 1414 and 1415; accompanied Henry V to France, August 1415, and died at Harfleur.
^ Thomas Peregrine Courtenay (1782–1841), politician; younger son of Henry Reginald Courtenay; M.P., Totnes, 1810-31; secretary to the India commission, 1812-28; vice-president, board of trade, 1828-30; published pamphlets, 1808-40, Commentaries on Shakespeare's Historical Plays 1840, and a memoir of Sir William Temple, 1836.
^ William Courtenay (1342?–1396), archbishop of Canterbury; fourth son of Hugh, second earl of Devon; studied at Oxford; doctor of canon and civil law; the first chancellor of Oxford elected independently of the bishop of Lincoln, 1367; prebendary of Exeter, Wells, and York; bishop of Hereford, 1370; opposed papal and royal exactions, 1373; bishop of London, 1375; commissioner to regulate the realm, 1376; censured for excommunicating the London Florentine merchants at the pope's bidding, 1376; proceeded against Wycliffe for heresy, 1377; lord keeper, 1381; archbishop of Canterbury, 1381; held synod to condemn Wyclifle's opinions, 1382; obtained the king'slicence to repress the lollards. 1382; crushed the lollards at Oxford, November; commenced the visitation of bis province, 1382, and persevered in it, in spite of the resistance of the bishops of Exeter and Salisbury; reproved Richard II for his bad government, 1385; one of the regents, 1386; crushed the lollards at Leicester, 1389; opposed the statute of provisors, 1390; helped to carry the statute of praemunire, 1393.
^ Sir William Courtenay (d. 1512), courtier of Henry VII; son of Edward Courtenay, earl of Devonshire (d. 1509); K.B., 1487; attainted, 1503, as a possible claimant to the crown; prisoner in the Tower, 1503-9; allowed his succession to the earldom by Henry VIII, 1511, but died before reversal of the attainder.
^ William Reginald Courtenay, eleventh Earl of Devon (1807–1888), politician and philanthropist; educated at Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1828; B.O.L., 1831; fellow of All Souls College, 1828-31; D.C.L., 1838; called to bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1832; conservative and Peelite M.P. for South Devon, 1841-9; secretary to pxr law board, 1850-9, and president, 1867-8; succeeded to peerage, 1859; chancellor of duchy of Lancaster, 1866-7; privy councillor, 1866.
^ Raphael Courteville or Ralph (d. 1772), organist and political writer; author ofMemoirs of... BurK'k'h 173H; editor of the Gazetteer,* a government oruan, and so nicknamedCourt-evil He has been doubtfully identified with Ralph Courteville, formerly chorister of the Chapel Royal, composer of instrumental and vocal music, l(90-5, who was appointed organist of St. James's, Westminster, in 1691.
^ William Courthope (1808–1866), genealogist clerk in the Heralds College, 1833; barrister, Inner Temple, 1851; Somerset herald, 1854; edited Debrett and Sir Harris Nicolas's peerages.
^ Nathaniel Courthopp (d. 1620), sea-captain ; entered the East India Company's service, 1609; held captive by the Turks at Aden and Mocha; agent in Borneo; held Pulo Roon against the Dutch, 1616-20; killed in action.
^ Edward Courtney (1599?–1677), Jesuit; real name LEEDES; born in Sussex; educated at St. Omer and Rome; joined the Jesuits, 1621; political prisoner in London, 1634; rector of the colleges at St. Omer, Rome, and Liege; published Latin complimentary speeches, 1621-56, and a memoir of Peter Wright, Jesuit.
^ Kenton Couse (1721–1790), architect ; employed by the board of works; designed Richmond bridge, 1774
^ John Cousen (1804–1880), line-engraver of landscapes: pupil of John Scott; much employed as a bookillustrator; engraved largely after Turner.
^ Samuel Cousins (1801–1887), mezzotint engraver ; apprentice (1814) and assistant to S. W. Reynolds; engraved on his own account, 1826-83; instituted a fund for the relief of indigent artists.
^ Walter de Coutances (de Constantiis) (d. 1207), statesman; one of Henry IPs clerks; styled chaplain of Blythe; rector of Woolpit, Suffolk; canon of Rouen, 1173; vice-chancellor of England, 1173; envoy to Flanders and to France, 1177; sealbearer to Henry II, 1180; bishop of Lincoln, 1183; archbishop of Rouen, 1184; ambassador to France, 1186 and 1188; took the cross, 1188; invested Richard I with the dukedom of Normandy, 1189; in attendance on Richard I in England and Sicily, 1189-90: sent back to govern England, 1191; took over Nottingham and other castles from Prince John; became chief justiciar (1191) in place of Longchamp, the chancellor; caused the bishop of Bath to be translated to Canterbury; caused Hubert Fitz Walter to be elected to Canterbury; drove Longchamp to Normandy and excommunicated him; made efforts to raise Richard I's ransom, 1193; joined Richard in Germany and became hostage for him, 1194; returned to Normandy, 1194; quarrelled with Richard for taking church land to build Chateau Gaillard, 1196; accepted com penRation; invested John with the dukedom of Normandy, 1199; invested Philip II of France with the dukedom, 1204.
^ John Coutts (1699–1751), merchant; commission agent and bill negotiator, Edinburgh; lord provost, 1742-1744.
^ Thomas Coutts (1735–1822), founder and, 1778, sole partner of the London banking firm, Coutts & Co.; fourth son of John Coutts.
^ Morgan Cove (1763?–1830), divine; LL.B. Cambridge, 1776; D.C.L. Oxford, 1810; rector of EatonBishop, Herefordshire, 1799; prebendary of Hereford, 1800; published pamphlets on tithe, 1795 and 1800.
^ John Covell, Covel, or Colvell (1638–1722), traveller; B.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1658; fellow; M.A., 1661; chaplain at Constantinople, 1670-6; collected plants; visited Asia Minor, 1677; travelled in Italy, 1677-9; D.D., 1679; rector of Littlebury, Essex, 1680, and of Kegworth, lyeicestcrshirc, 1681; chaplain to the Princess of Orange at the Hague, 1681-5; chancellor of York, 1687; master of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1688; published an account of the Greek church, 1722; his manuscript travels preserved in the British Museum.
^ William Covell (d. 1614?), sub-dean of Lincoln; fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge, 1589; D.D., 1601; beneficed in Kent; sub-dean and prebendary of Lincoln; wrote in defence of Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity 1603, and of church ceremonies, 1604-6.
^ Andrew Coventry (1764–1832), agriculturist; educated at Edinburgh University; member of Medical Society, 1782; M.D., 1783; first professor of agriculture at Edinburgh, 1790-1831; frequently arbitrated on land questions; published works on agricultural subjects.
^ Anne, Countess of Coventry (1673–1763), author of Meditations and Reflections 1707; daughter of the first Duke of Beaufort; married, e. 1700, Thomas, second earl of Coventry (d. 1710).
^ Anne, Countess of Coventry (1690–1788), ntfe Masters; married Gilbert, fourth earl of Coventry (d. 1719), and 1725, Edward Pytts; obtained a verdict in her favour, 1724, with reference to a settlement made on her first marriage.
^ Francis Coventry (1598–1680). See Christopher Davenport.
^ Francis Coventry (f. 1759?), verse-writer; M.A. Cambridge, 1752; incumbent of Edgware; published verses and satires, 1750-3.
^ Henry Coventry (1619–1686), secretary of state; a younger son of Thomas, first baron Coventry; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford; B.C.L., 1638; attended Charles II in exile; envoy to Sweden, 1664-6 and 1671, and to Holland, 1667; secretary of state, 1672-9.
^ Henry Coventry (d. 1752), fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge: M.A., 1733: published a theological work, Philemon to Hydaspes 1736-44.
^ Sir John Coventry (d. 1682), after whom the Coventry Act against mutilation was named; M.P., Evesham, 1640; unseated as a royalist, 1645: K.B., 1661; M.P., Weymouth, 1667-82; waylaid by ruffians and his nose slit, 21 Dec. 1670, for having alluded to Charles IPs relations with actresses.
^ John Coventry (1735–1812), maker of telescopes and hygrometers.
^ Maria, Countess of Coventry(1733–1760), daughter of a poor Irish squire; a famous beauty in London, 1751; married, 1752, George William, sixth earl of Coventry.
^ Sir Thomas Coventry (1647–1606), judge; B.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1565; fellow, 1666; barrister, Inner Temple; serjeant-at-law, 1603; justice of the common pleas and knighted, 1606. xii. 360}
^ Thomas Coventry, first Baron Coventry (1578-1640), lord-keeper; eldest son of Sir Thomas Coventry ; entered Balliol College, Oxford, 1692; barrister, Inner Temple, 1603; recorder of London, 1616; solicitorgeneral and knighted, 1617; attorney-general, 1621: M.P., Droitwich, 1621: lord-keeper, 1625; opened the parliaments of February 1626 and March 1628: created Baron Coventry of Aylesborough, 1628; tried to mediate between Charles I and the parliamentary leaders, 1629; judge of Star-chamber; assented to the levying of shipmoney, 1634.
^ Walter of Coventry (. 1293?), reputed author of an historical compilation, Memoriale of value for the period 1199-1225; possibly a monk of York.
^ William of Coventry (ft. 1360). See William.
^ Sir William Coventry (1628 P-1686), politician : n younger son of Thomas, first baron Coventry; entered Queen's College, Oxford, 1642; captain of foot in Charles I's service; withdrew to France; secretary to the Duke of York, 1660-7; M.P., Great Yarmouth, 16611679; commissioner of the navy, 1C62, and so friend of Samuel Pepys: kniphted, 1665; spoke against Clarendon, 1667; quarrelled with Buckingham: imprisoned, 1668; published pamphlets, 1673 and 1685; reputed author of Character of a Trimmer published 1688.
^ Miles Coverdale (1488–1568), translator of the bible; studied at Cambridge (bachelor of canon law 1631); ordained priest, 1514; resident in the Austin friary, Cambridge, 1514-26: friend of Thomas Cromwell ; adopted Lutheran views; assisted Robert Barnes in his defence on a charge of heresy, 1626; preached against images; went abroad; published translations of two theological tracts, 1534; translated at Antwerp, apparently in the pay of Jacob van Meteren, the bible and Apocrypha from German (Zurich, 1531), and from Latin versions with aid of Tyndale's New Testament; his translation first printed perhaps by Christopher Froschouer of Zurich, and brought into Englauc by James Nicolson of South wark, 1635; modified his version. 1537; translated theological tracts, 1537; superintended the printing of the 1539Great Bibleat Paris, 1838-9, and in London, 1539; superintended Cranmer's Bible 1640; publishedGoostly Psalmes translations from German hymns, e. 1540; went abroad, 1540; D.D. Tubingen; pastor and schoolmaster at Bergzabern in Deux- Fonts, 1543-7, under the name of Michael Anglus returned to England, 1548; employed to preach against anabaptists, 1549-50, and the Devonshire insurgents, 1551, and to visit Magdalen College, Oxford, 1551; translated theological tracts, 1550; bishop of Exeter, 1551-3 allowed to leave England, 1554; returned to Bergzabern. in Geneva, 1558; returned to England: joined in the consecration of Archbishop Parker, 1559; D.D. Cambridge, 1563; published Letters of Saintes his last book, 1564; rector of St. Magnus, London Bridge, 1563; resigned for puritanical reasons, 1566; preached privately in London, 1567-8; his collected works published, 1844-6.
^ James Coward (1824–1880), organist; chorister of Westminster Abbey; organist at Lambeth and other churches; organist of the Crystal Palace; composed glees, songs, and other music.
^ William Coward (1657?–1725), physician; scholar of Wadhain College, Oxford, 1675; fellow of Merton, 1680; M.D., 1687; practitioner in Northampton, and, 1693-1706, in London; published medical tracts; rendered notorious by his Second Thoughts concerning Human Soul 1702, arguing its mortality, The Grand Essay 1704, and The Just Scrutiny and Ophthalmoiatria 1706, deistical pamphlets; published didactic poems, 1705 and 1709.
^ William Coward (d. 1738), London merchant and Jamaica planter; provided funds for courses of nonconformist sermons in London, 1730-5; bequeathed money for the education of nonconformist ministers.
^ Cowden-Clarke. See Charles Cowden Clarke, Mary Cowden Clarke.
^ John Cowell (1554–1611), civilian ; educated at Eton, and, 1570, King's College, Cambridge; LL.D.; advocate of DoctorsCommons, 1584; regius professor of civil law, Cambridge, 1594-1610; master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1698-1611; vicar-general of the archbishop of Canterbury, 1608; published Institutiones Juris Anglicani 1605, and "The Interpreter a law dictionary, 1607, censured for its absolutist opinions, 1610.
^ Joseph Leathley Cowell (1792–1863), actor; real name, Hawkins Witchett; midshipman, royal navy, 1805-9; first appeared (1812) on the Plymouth stage; acted in London and the provinces till 1821; scene-painter; acted in the United States, 1821-46; published an autobiography, 1844.
^ Samuel Houghton Cowell (1820–1864), actor ; son of Joseph Leathley Cowell; taken to America, 1822; appeared on the stage at Boston, 1829; acted in most American theatres: came to Edinburgh and became a favourite comic singer between acts: acted in London, Glasgow, Belfast, and Dublin; confined himself latterly to character singing wrote songs,
^ Sir Joseph Cowen (1800–1873), radical M.P. for Newcastle, 1865-73.
^ Joseph Cowen (1831–1900), politician and jouruuliat; ecu of Sir Joseph Cowcu; educated at Edin burgh University; interested himself in revolutionary movements on the continent, 18-18, and became active supporter of chartists and member of northern reform league (founded 1858); contributor to, and subsequently was proprietor and editor of, Newcastle Chronicle; established monthly Northern Tribune libenil M.P. for Newcastle, 1873-85.
^ William Cowen (fl. 1811–1860), painUr and etcher; sketched in Great Britain, Switzerland, Italy, and (1840) Corsica; exhibited landscapes, 1811-60; published etchings, 1817-48; wrote Six Weeks in Corsica j 1848.
^ William Cowherd (1763–1816), founder of the Bible Christians or Cowherdites; tutor in a dissenting academy; Swedenborgian preacher in Manchester; built a chapel in Salford, in which he preached as a Swedenborgian, 1800-9, but afterwards founded a new church, requiring vegetarianism and teetotalism; opened a boarding school, 1810; a dispensing chemist, known as Dr. Cowherd; published hymns for the use of his sect.
^ Benjamin Morgan Cowie (1816–1900), dean of Exeter; senior wrangler, St. John's College, Cambridge, 1839; M.A., 1842; B.D., 1855; D.D., 1880; fellow, 1839-43; entered Lincoln's Inn, 1837; ordained priest, 1842; principal ami senior mathematical lecturer at college for civil engineers, Putney, 1844-51; select preacher at Cambridge, 1852 and 1866; Hulsean lecturer, 1853 and 1854; professor of geometry, Gresham College, London, 1855; fifth minor canon and succentor of St. Paul's Cathedral, 1856; rector of St. Lawrence Jewry, 1857; chaplain in ordinary to the queen, 1871; dean of Manchester, 1872, and of Exeter, 1883; published religious works.
^ Robert Cowie (1842–1874), author of ' Shetland, Descriptive and Historical; M.A. Aberdeen; M.D. Edinburgh; practitioner in Lerwick.
^ Cowley first EARL (1804–1884). See Henry Richard Charles Wellesley.
^ Baron Cowley (1773–1847). See Henry Wellesley.
^ Abraham Cowley (1618–1667), poet: king's scholar at Westminster; published Poetical Blossoms 1633, and Sylva 1636; scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1637; fellow, 1640; M.A., 1642; published Love's Riddle a pastoral drama, 1638; brought out, at Cambridge, Naufragiuui Joculare a Latin comedy, 1638, and The Guardian a comedy, 1641; ejected by the parliament, 1644; resided in St. John's College, Oxford; went to France, 1646; publishedThe Mistress poems, 1647, andMiscellanies with other poems, including four books of the Davideis a sacred epic, 1656; cipher secretary to Queen Henrietta Maria, c. 1647; royalist spy in England, 1666; M.D. Oxford, 1667; withdrew to France; published odes on the Restoration and against Cromwell, 1660-1; was refused the mastership of the Savoy, 1661; P.R.S.; published Verses upon several Occasions 1663: a competence provided for him by Earl of St. Albans and Dukeof Buckingham; his collected works published 1668.
^ Hannah Cowley (1743–1809), dramatist; mfe Parkhouse; married, c. 1768; brought out thirteen dramatic pieces, 1776-95, includingThe Belle's Stratagem 1782; published poems, 1780-94; contributed weekly sentimental verses to the World as Anna Matilda
^ Sir Charles Cowper (1807–1876), Australian statesman; son of William Cowper (1780-1858); born in Lancashire: government clerk in New South Wales, 1825-33; sheep farmer; uiemtjer of the legislature, c. 1843; advocated colonial railways, 1846; opposed further transportation of convicts, 1850; several times minister, 1856-70: agent-general for New South Wales, 1870: knighted, 1872.
^ Douglas Cowper (1817–1839), painter; art student in London; exhibited, 1837-9.
^ Ebenezer Cowper ( 1804–1880), manufacturer of printing machines in partnership with his brother Edward Cowper.
^ Edward Cowper (1790–1852), inventor; patented a wall-paper printing machine, J816; a printer, 1818: patented process for simultaneously printing both sides of paper, 1818; invented, jointly with Augustus Applegarth, the newspaper four-cylinder press, 1827.
^ Henry Cowper (1758–1840), lawyer ; barrister, Middle Temple, 1775; published law report*, 1783; clerk of the House of Lords.
^ Mary Cowper , first Countess Cowper (1685–1724), nfe Olavering; married William, first earl Cowper q. v.l, 1706; lady of the bedchamber to the Princess of Wales, 1714; her diary published, 1864.
^ Spencer Cowper (1669–1727), judge; educated at Westminster; barrister; controller of the Bridge House estates, 1690; acquitted of the murder of Sarah Stout of Hertford, 1699; M.P., Beeralston, 1705, 1708, Truro, 1711; chief- Justice of Chester, 1717; justice of common pleas, 1727
^ Spencer Cowper (1713–1774), dean of Durham, 1746-74; youngest son of William, first earl Cowper ; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1734; D.D., 1746; rector of Fordwich, Kent; published sermons.
^ William Cowper or Couper (1568–1619), bishop of Galloway; M.A. St. Andrews, 1583; usher at Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire; minister of Bothkennar, Stirlingshire. 1587, and at Perth, 1595; assented to episcopacy, 1608; dean of the Chapel Royal, Edinburgh, and bishop of Galloway, 1612-19; published devotional tracts, 1611-18; his works published, 1623.
^ William Cowper or Cooper (1666–1709), surgeon; surgeon's apprentice in London, 1682; qualified as a surgeon, 1691; practised in London; F.R.S., 1696; published (1694) Myotomia Reforuiata a treatise on the muscles, and (1698) The Anatomy of Humane Bodies; defended himself, 1701, against Godefridus Bid loo, a Leyden professor; published, 1702, a description of Cowper's glands; contributed to medical journals.
^ William Cowper , first Earl Cowper (d. 1723), barrister, Middle Temple, 1688; volunteered for the Prince of Orange, November 1688; recorder of Colchester, 1694; M.P n Hertford, 1695 and 1698, Beeralston, 1701; crown prosecutor, 1694-9; lord-keeper, 1705; a commissioner for the union with Scotland, April 1706; succeeded as second baronet, 1706; created Baron Oowper, November 1706; first lord chancellor of Great Britain, May 1707-September 1710; presided at Sacheverell's trial, 1710; spoke in the whig interest in the Lordsdebates, 1711-14; helped to dismiss Bolingbroke from the secretaryship of state, 1714; again lord chancellor, 1714-18; wrote out a description of English parties for George I's guidance, 1714; presided at the trial of the Earl of Winton for rebellion, 1716; supported the Mutiny bill, 1718; created Earl Oowper, 1718; took a leading part in the Lords debates, 1718-23.
^ William Cowper (1701–1767), antiquary; studied medicine at Leyden, 1719; medical practitioner at Chester; published a life of St. Werburgh, 1749, and II Penseroso: an Evening's Contemplation in... Chester 1767; left manuscript collections relating to Chester and Cheshire.
^ William Cowper (1731–1800), poet ; son of John Oowper, rector of Great Berkhampstead; barbarously treated at a private school, 1737-8, in Hertfordshire: at Westminster School, 1741-9; articled to a solicitor, 17601752; took chambers in the Middle Temple, 1752; first attacked by melancholia, c. 1753; barrister. Middle Temple, 1754; proposed to marry his cousin, Theodora Jane Oowper (d. 1824), but his Intention frustrated by her father, who had noticed Cowper's morbidity, 1756; contributed verses to various papers, 1756-61; a commissioner of bankrupts, 1759-64; offered a clerkship of the House of Lords by his cousin, William Oowper, clerk of the parliaments, 1763; thrown into a nervous fever by fear of opposition to his appointment; tried to commit suicide; an inmate of Nathaniel Cotton's private asylum, 1763-5; a boarder in Morley Unwin's house at Huntingdon, 1765; ceased corresponding with his cousin Harriet (d. 1807), wife of Sir Thomas Hesketh, in consequence of her indifference to his new pietistic zeal; removed with Mary, Morley Unwin's widow, to Olney, 1767; lay-reader and district visitor to John Newton, the evangelical curate of Olney; composed hymns (sixty-seven appearing in Newton's Olney Hymns 1779); became engaged to I Mrs. Unwin; again deranged, 1773; a guest in Newton's house, 1773-4; recovered before 1776; acquainted with William Bull; wrote much verse, 1777-81; published Anti-Thelyphthora 1781, against hia cousiu Martin Madan's Thelyphthora; published poems, 1782; at the suggestion of Ann (d. 1802), widow of Sir Robert I Austen, wrote John GUpin November 1782, and The Task 1783; quarrelled, through Mrs. Unwin's jealousy, with Lady Austen, 1784; began to translate Homer, 1784; resumed his correspondence with Lady Hesketh, October 1786; again became insane, 1787, and never entirely recovered; published his translation of Homer by subscription, 1791; undertook to edit Milton; received a government pension, 1794; removal by his cousin, John Johnson, with Mrs. Unwin (d. 1796), to East Dereham, Norfolk, 1796; wrote The Castaway 1798. His life was written by William Hayley, 1803; his Milton papers published, 1808-10, his letters, 1824, and his complete works 1834-7.
^ William Cowper (1780–1858), Australian divine ; born in Lancashire; incumbent of St. Philip's, Sydney, 1809; archdeacon, 1848.
^ William Francis Cowper (afterwards Cowper-Temple), Baron Mount-Temple (1811–1888), educated at Eton; cornet in royal horse guards, 1827; lieutenant, 1832; brevet major, 1852; M.P. for Hertford, 1835-63, and South Hampshire, 1868-80; junior lord of treasury, 1841; lord of admiralty, 1846-52, and 1852-5; under-secretary for home affairs, 1855; president of board of health and privy councillor, 1855; vice-president of committee of council on education, 1857-8, and of board of trade, 1859; commissioner of works, 1860-6; raised to peerage, 1880.
^ Robert Cowton (ft. 1300), Franciscan ; educated at Oxford and Paris; D.D. of the Sorbonne; confessor in Oxfordshire, 1300; wrote scholastic treatises; traditionally known as doctor amoeuus
^ Captain Cox , of Coventry (ft. 1575), collector of ballads and romances; present at Kenilworth on Queen Elizabeth's visit, 1575.
^ Anne Cox (1766–1830). See Anne Woodrooffe.
^ Benjamin Cox, coxe, or Cockes (fl. 1646), baptist minister; entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1609; M.A. Broadgates Hall, 1617; beneficed in Devonshire; retracted puritan opinions, 1639; baptist preacher at Bedford; imprisoned at Coventry, 1643; baptist preacher in London, 1645; conformed, 1662; again became a baptist; published controversial tracts, 1645-6.
^ Daniel Cox (d. 1750), physician; M.D. St. Andrews, 1742; physician to the Middlesex Hospital, 17461749; published medical tracts.
^ David Cox (1783–1859), landscape-painter in water-colours; son of a Birmingham blacksmith; taught drawing by Joseph Barber; apprenticed to a Birmingham locket-painter; assistant to De Maria, an Italian scene-painter; scene-painter in London, 1804; sold sketches of Thames scenery near London; sketched in Wales, 1805-6; drawing-master at Dulwich; drawn for the militia, and forced to leave home; went to Hastings, 1812, and sketched in oils; drawing-master at Hereford, 1 814-26, making summer sketching-tours; began to etch on copper, 1812: published A Treatise on Landscape Painting 1814,Lessons in Landscape 1816, Views of Bath 1820, and Young Artists Companion 1826: taught by W. J. Muller to paint in oils, 1839; removed to neighbourhood of Birmingham, 1841, visiting Bettws-y-Coed yearly (1844-56); his merits unrecognised during his lifetime.
^ David Cox, the younger (1809–1886), water-colour painter; only child of David Cox (1783-1869); educated at Hereford; exhibited in London, 1827.
^ Edward William Cox (1809–1879% serjeant-atlaw; educated at Taunton; published verses, 1829-30: barrister, Middle Temple, 1843; proprietor and conductor of the Law Times 1843-79, the County Courts Chronicle 1846, theField theQueen 1861, and other periodicals; recorder of Falmoutb, 1857-68: M.P., 1865; serjeant-at-law. 1868; recorder of Portsmouth, 1868-79; publishal law reports and legal treatises, 1846-78, political pamphlets, 1852-66, and spiritualistic pamphlets, 1877-8.
^ Francis Augustus Cox (1783–1853), baptist preacher; a wealthy man: M.A. Edinburgh; baptist minister in Northamptonshire, 1806, and at Hackney, 1811-53; honorary LL.D. Glasgow, 1824; librarian of London University, 1828; published biographical and biblical works.
^ George Valentine Cox (1786–1875), author of Recollections of Oxford 1868: M.A. New College, Oxford, 1808; an esquire bedell of Oxford University, 18061866; published a norel, 1837, and translations of German works ou ancient history, 1845-51.
^ Leonard Cox (fl. 1572), schoolmaster ; B.A. Cambridge: asked M.A. at Oxford, 1530; schoolmaster at Reading, 1541-6; travelled: taught school at Caerleon; schoolmaster at Coventry, 1672; published Rhetoryke, 1524, a grammatical tract, 1540, and translations.
^ Richard Cox (1500–1581), bishop of Ely : educated at Eton: fellow of King's College, Cambridge: B.A., 1524; canon of Wolsey's Oxford college, 1526; M.A. Oxford, 1526; head-master of Eton; D.D. Cambridge, 1537; favourite of Archbishop Cranmer; prebendary of Lincoln, 1642-7; lord almoner; tutor to Prince Edward, 1644-50; dean of Osney, 1544, and of Christ Church, Oxford, 1547-53; vice-chancellor of Oxford, 1547-52, destroying popish statues, pictures, and books; rector of Harrow, 1547; canon of Windsor, 1548; on the commission to draw up the English liturgy, 1 548-50; dean of Westminster, 1549; imprisoned, 1553; in exile, 1554-8, chiefly living at Frankfort, where he led the opposition to John Knox: one of the commission to visit Oxford University, 1559; bishop of Norwich, 1559: bishop of Ely, 1559-80; alienated much property of the see to court favourites; resigned, 1580.
^ Sir Richard Cox (1650–1733), Irish judge; a strong protestant; an Irish attorney; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1673; practised law in Ireland; withdrew to Bristol, 1685; wrote in favour of the Prince of Orange, 1689; published a trite history of Ireland, 1689-90; present at the Boyne, 1690; justice of the common pleas, 1690; military governor of Cork, 1691-2; Irish privy councillor and knighted, 1692; removed from the privy council for urging observance of the treaty of Limerick, 1695; published pamphlets on Irish affairs, 1696-8; chief-justice of the common pleas, 1701-3: lord chancellor, 1703-7; created baronet, 1706; publishal theological tracts, 17091713; chief-justice of the queen's bench, 1711-14.
^ Robert Cox (1810–1872), anti-Sabbatarian writer; writer to the signet, Edinburgh; edited the Phrenological Journal; advocated Sunday trains, 1850; published treatises on the Sabbath question, 1853-65.
^ Samuel Cox (1826–1893), theological writer; apprenticed at London docks: studied for baptist ministry at Stepney College; pastor of baptist chapel, St. Paul's Square, Southsea, 1852, at Ryde, 1854-9, and at Mansfield Road, Nottingham, 1863-88; contributed to religious periodicals; editor of the Expositor 1875-84; D.D. St. Andrews, 1882; published numerous theological works, of which the most influential was Salvator Mundi 1877.
^ Thomas Cox (d. 1734), topographer; rector of Chignal-Smealy, 1680-1704: vicar of Broomfleld, 16851734, and rector of Stock- Harvard, Essex, 1703-34; published translations ami sermons, 1694-1726; edited a meritorious recension of Camden's Britannia 1720-31.
^ Walter Cox(1770-1837), Irish journalist; a Dublin gunsmith; edited two violent newspapers, The Union Star 1797, andIrish Magazine 1807-16; pensioned; resident in New York, 1816, and France, 1820; forfeited his pension by returning to Irelrnd, 1835.
^ William Sands Cox (1802–1876),iurgeon ; studied medicine in Birmingham, London, 1821-3, and Paris, 1824; lectured on anatomy in Birmingham, 1825; joint* founder of the Birmingham School of Medicine, 1828, the Queen's Hospital, 1841, and Queen's College, Birmingham, 1843; publishal medical treatises.
^ Francis Coxe (ft. 15CO), quack doctor ; for sorcery, 1561; published an Unfained Retrartat'on. 1 I another pamphlet against necromancy, and, 1575,lie oleis... conficiendis a volume of receipts.
^ Henry Octavius Coxe (1811–1881), palirogra pher; educated at Westminster; M.A. Worcester College, I Oxford, 1836; assistant in the manuscript department, British Museum, 1833; sub-librarian, 1838, and librarian, 1860-81, of the Bodleian Library; made an archaeological tour in the Levant, 1857; rector of Wytliain, Berkshire, 1868; edited historical manuscripts, 1840-50; catalogued manuscripts in the Bodleian and Oxford college libraries, 1852-4; superintended cataloguing of Bodleian printed books, 1859-80.
^ John Coxe or Cockis ( fl. 1572), translator of some treatises by Bullinger..
^ Peter Coxe (d. 1844), poet; a London auctioneer; published pamphlets and verses, 1807-23.
^ Richard Coxe or Cox (d. 1596), divine; B.A. Cambridge, 1582; M.A. Oxford, 1584; rector of Diss, Norfolk, 1589; published a catechism, 1591, and sermons.
^ Richard Charles Coxe (1800–1865), divine; M.A. Oxford, 1824; vicar of Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1841; vicar of Eglingham and archdeacon of Lindisfarne, 1853; canon of Durham, 1857; published sermons and verses.
^ Thomas Coxe (1615–1685), physician in the parliamentary army: M.A. Cambridge, 1638: M.D. Padua, 1641; F.C.P., 1649; died, a bankrupt, in France.
^ William Coxe (1747–1828), historian ; educated at Eton; fellow, King's College, Cambridge, 1768; M.A., 1772; occasionally travelled, as tutor, on the continent; vicar of Kingston-on-Thame?, 1786-8; rector of Bemerton, 1788-1828, holding also other benefices; archdeacon of Wiltshire, 1804; published notes of travel, 1779-1801; compiled memoirs of the House of Austria, 1807, of the Spanish Bourbons, 1813, of Walpole, 1798, Marlborough, 1818-19, Shrewsbury, 1821, and Henry Pelham, posthumously published, 1829.
^ Thomas Coxeter (1689–1747), literary antiquary; enteral Trinity College, Oxford, 1705, collected old English plays; forged titles of plays; his name attached to a worthless edition of Massinger, 1759.
^ Thomas Coxon (fl. 1609–1636).
^ Thomas Coxon (1654–1735), Jesuit; born in Durham; joined the Jesuit?, 1676; mission priest in England, 1695-1724; died at St. Omer.
^ Henry Coxwell (Tracey) (1819–1900), aeronaut; apprenticed as surgeon-dentist, 1836; made his first balloon ascent, 1844; projected and edited The Balloon 1845; entrusted with management of a balloon at Brussels, 1848, and subsequently made ascents in British Islands and on the continent; attained, 1862, with Dr. James Glaisher, F.R.S., with whom he had made meteorological observations, greatest height on record (about seven miles); managed war balloons for the Germans in Franco-German war, 1870; made his. last ascent, 1885; published My Life and Balloon Experiences 1887-9.
^ Joseph Stirling Coyne (1803–1868), dramatist; journalist in Dublin; brought out three farces in Dublin, 1835-6; settled as journalist in London, 1836; wrote nearly sixty dramatic pieces.
^ William Beeston Coyte (1741?-1810), botanist; M.B. Cambridge, 1763: medical practitioner in Ipswich; published botanical tracts, 1785-1807.
^ Alexander Cozens (d. 1786), landscape-painter in water-colours; born in Russia; reputal son of Peter the Great; studied art in Italy; settled in England, 1746; exhibited, 1760-81: drawing-master at Eton, 1763-8; published tracts on art, 1771-85.
^ John Robert Cozens (1752–1799), landscapepainter in water-colours; son of Alexander Cozens; exhibited, 1767; made sketching tour in Switzerland, 1776 and Italy; returned to England, 1782; insane, 1794-9.
^ Roger Crab (1621?–1680), ascetic; became a vegetarian and water-drinker, 1641; in the parliamentary army, 1642-9; hatter at Gheabam, 1649-51; quack doctor near Uxbridge; imprisoned in London, 1665; vulgarly said to have foretold the Restoration and the accession of William of Orange; published an autobiography, 1655, and tracts against the Quakers.
^ George Crabb (1778–1851), miscellaneous writer; studied German at Bremen, 1801; published German textbooks; entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1814; M.A., 1822; barrister, Inner Temple, 1829; compiled technical and historical dictionaries and published law treatises.
^ Habakkuk Crabb (1750–1794), congregational minister; educated at Daventry academy, 1766; minister at Stowmarket, 1772-6, subsequently in other towns; hold Arian opinions; his sermons published posthumously, 1796.
^ James Crabb (1774–1851), Wesleyan methodist; private schoolmaster at Romsey, and preacher at Southampton; missionary to the New Forest gipsies; promoted Southampton educational charities.
^ George Crabbe (1754–1832), poet; born at Aideburgh, Suffolk; mostly self-taught; worked in a warehouse; servant to a country doctor, 1768-75; met Sarah Elmy, his future wife, 1771; published verses, 1772-5; studied botany and surgery; practised surgery at Aideburgh; went to London and published the.Candidate 1780; befriended by Edmund Burke; published the 'Library 1781; curate of Aldeburgh, 1781; chaplain at Belvoir to the Duke of Rutland, 1782-5; published the Village 1783; beneficed, but non-resident, in Dorset; LL.B. Lambeth; curate at Stathern, Leicestershire, 1785; published theNewspaper 1785; rector of Muston, Leicestershire, and non-resident vicar of Allington, Lincolnshire, 1789; inherited property; wrote, and burned, novels and a treatise on botany; absented himself for many years from Muston rectory; recalled thither by the bishop, 1805; published the Parish Register 1807; the Borough 1810, and Tales in Verse 1812; resident rector of Trowbridge, Wiltshire, 1814-32, and non-resident vicar of Oroxton, Leicestershire; published Tales of the Hall,* 1819; visited Edinburgh, 1822; his collected works published, 1834.
^ George Crabbe (1785–1857), biographer ; son of George Crabbe (1754-1832); B.A. Cambridge, 1807; vicar of Bredfield, Suffolk, 1834; published a life of his father, 1834.
^ Henry Crabtree or Krabtree (fl. 1685), astrologer; published an almanack, Merlinus Rusticus, 1685; curate of Todmorden, Lancashire.
^ William Crabtree (1610–1644?), astronomer; educated at Manchester Grammar School; a cloth merchant; studied astronomy: jointly with Jeremiah Horrox observed the transit of Venus, 1639.
^ Frederick Crace (1779–1859), architectural decorator in London; from 1818, collected maps (1560-1859) and views of London; his collections catalogued, 1878, and bought by the British Museum, 1880.
^ Clayton Mordaunt Craoherode (1730–1799), bibliophile; entered Westminster School, 1742; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1746-99; M.A., 1763; curate of Binsey; a great buyer of books from 1775; bequeathed his books and prints to British Museum.
^ Edward Cradock (. 1571), alchemist: student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1552; M.A., 1559; D.D., 1565; Lady Margaret professor of divinity, 1565-94; published a devotional tract, The Shippe of Assured Safetie 1571; left manuscript treatises on the philosopher's stone.
^ John Cradock (1708?–1778), archbishop of Dublin; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge: B.A., 1728; D.D., 1749; rector of Dry Drayton, Cambridgeshire, and of St. Paul's, Covent Garden; chaplain to the lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1757; bishop of Kilmore, 1757; translated to Dublin, 1772; published sermons and charges.
^ Sir John Francis Cradock (1762–1839). See Caradoc.
^ Joseph Cradock (1742-1820), author; ofUumley, Leicestershire, entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1769; honorary M.A., 1766; a patron of the London stage; adapted Voltaire's Les Scythes 1771; published a pamphlet against John Wilkes, 1773, account of a tour in Wales, 1777, a tragedy, a novel, essays, and, 1:, Literary Memoirs
^ Marmaduke Cradock (1660?–1716), wrongly called Luke painter; house-painter's apprentice in London: painted, without recognition, animals, birds, and still-life; some of his pictures engraved, 1743.
^ Matthew Cradock (d. 1641), first governor (1628-9) of the Massachusetts Company; London merchant; traded with East Indies, 1618; resigned governorship, 1629, to allow headquarters to be transferred to New England; sent help to the colony, 1630-6; M.P., London, in Long parliament; opposed to the king.
^ Samuel Cradock (1621?–1706), congregational divine; fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1645-56; B.D., 1651; rector of North Cadbury, Somerset, 1656-62; inherited Geesings, Suffolk, 1662; kept a congregational chapel and academy there, 1672-96; congregational preacher near Bishop's Stortford, 1696-1706; published theological treatises, 1659-90.
^ Walter Cradock (1606?–1659), congregational minister; curate at Cardiff and Wrexham: chaplain to Sir Robert Harley of Herefordshire; congregational minister at Llanvaches, Monmouthshire; preacher in London, 1646; published sermons, 1646-51; his works collected, 1800.
^ Zachary Cradock (1633–1695), provost of Eton; fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge, 1654; chaplain at Lisbon, 1656; canon of Chichester, 1670; fellow of Eton, 1671, and provost, 1681-95; published sermons.
^ William H. Craft (d. 1805?), enamel-painter; exhibited decorative and portrait enamels, 1774-95; employed at Battersea enamel works.
^ James Craggs, the elder (1657–1721), postmaster-general; army clothier; imprisoned, 1695, for refusing a parliamentary commission access to his books; M.P., Grampound, 1702-13; member of committee, East India Company, 1702; secretary of the ordnance office till 1714; clerk of the deliveries; agent of Sarah, duchess of Marlborough; joint postmaster-general, 1715-20; accumulated great wealth; proceeded against for promoting the South Sea Company, 1721.
^ James Craggs, the younger (1686–1721), secretary of state; younger son of James Craggs the elder; travelled; friend of George, elector of Hanover; M.P., 1713; secretary at war, 1717; secretary of state, 1718; implicated in the South Sea Company scandal; friend of Alexander Pope.
^ Alexander Craig (1567?-1627), poet ; M.A. St. Andrews, 1586; published Poetical Essayes flattering James I, 1604; pensioned, 1605; published Amorose Songes 1606, Poetical Recreations 1609 and 1623, and, posthumously, The Pilgrime and Heremite wrote commendatory verses in books; his works collected, 1873-4.
^ James Craig (d. 1795), architect; of Edinburgh; published designs for laying out Edinburgh New Town, 1767; continued his architectural designs, 1786.
^ Sir James Gibson Craig (1765–1860), politician ; born James Gibson; took the name Craig on inheriting Riccarton, Midlothian, 1823; writer to the signet, Edinburgh, 1786-1850; an ardent whig; created baronet, 1831; opposed the disruption of the church, 1843.
^ Sir James Henry Craig (1748–1812), general ; ensign, 1763; captain, 1771; served in North America, 1774-81; lieutenant-colonel, 1781; served in the Netherlands, 1794; major-general, 1794; took Cape Colony, 1795; governor at the Cape, 1795-7; K.B., 1797; in India, 17971802; lieutenant-general, 1801; commanded troops in Italy and Sicily, 1806-6; governor of Canada, 1807-11; general, 1812.
^ James Thomson Gibson Craig (1799–1886), antiquary; second son of Sir James Gibson Craig; educated at Edinburgh High School and University: writer to the signet, Edinburgh; book collector.
^ John Craig (1512?–1600), Scottish divine; educated at St. Andrews; became a Dominican friar; im;r soned for adopting protestaut tenets, 1536; visited Cambridge; employed in Italy on Dominican missions; rector of the Dominican convent, Bologna; read Calvin's 'Institutes sentenced to death by the inquisition at Rome; escaped to Vienna, and, 1560, to England; minister at Holyrood, Edinburgh, 1561; John Knox's colleague in the High Church, Edinburgh, 1562-71; approved Rizzio's murder; protested against Mary Stuart's marriage with Both well; chaplain to James VI, 1579-94; urged the abolition of episcopacy, 1575-81, and opposed its restoration, 1584; offended the violent presbyteriaus, 1685; drew up, 1581, a confession of faith (the original of the Covenant, and a form for examination before communion, 1590.
^ John Craig (rf. 1620), physician ; third son of Sir Thomas Craig; M.D. Basle; physician to James VI, whom he accompanied to England; M.D. Oxford, 1605; corresponded with Tycho Brahe.
^ John Craig (rf. 1655), physician; son of John Craig (d. 1620);
^ John Craig (d. 1731), mathematician ; prebendary of Salisbury, 1708; published mathematical treatises, 1685-1718.
^ Sir Lewis Craig , Lord Wrightslands (1569–1622), Scottish judge; eldest son of Sir Thomas Craig ; M.A.Edinburgh, 1597; studied law at Poitiers; advocate, 1600; a lord of session and knighted, 1605.
^ Robert Craig (1730–1823), Scottish advocate, 1764; a judge of the Edinburgh commissary court, 17561791; wrote in favour of the French democracy, 1795; Inherited Riccarton, Midlothian, 1814.
^ Sir Thomas Craig (1538-1 608), Scottish feudalist; educated at St. Andrews; studied law at Paris, 1555-61; advocate, 1563; as justice-depute, presided over criminal trials, 1664-73; sheriff-depute of Edinburgh, 1573; knighted, 1603; published Jus Feudale 1603; attended James I to England, 1603; a commissioner for the union, 1604; wrote, but left unpublished, treatises in vindication of James VI's title to the English crown, against the English claim for homage from Scotland, and in favour of the union, 1603-6; advocate for the Scottish church, 1606; published complimentary Latin verses, 1566, 1603. -181
^ William Craig , Lord Craig (1745–1813), Scottish jndge; educated at Edinburgh; advocate, 1768; sheritf -depute of Ayrshire, 1787; a lord of session, 17921813; contributed to the Mirror and Lounger
^ Sir William Gibson Craig (1797–1878), second baronet, of Riccarton, Midlothian; eldest son of Sir James Gibson Craig; advocate, 1820; travelled; M.P., Midlothian, 1837-42, and Edinburgh, 1842-52; lord clerk register, 1862-78.
^ William Marshall Craig (. 1788–1828), painter; exhibited miniature-portraits, landscapes in water-colours, and other paintings, 1788-1827; a popular book-illustrator; published manuals on drawing, 17931821.
^ Lord Craighall (1605?–1654). See Sir John Hope.
^ David Craigie (1793–1866), physician; MJX Edinburgh, 1816; practitioner in Edinburgh; published Pathological Anatomy 1828, and other medical works.
^ Robert Craigie (1685–1760), Scottish judge; advocate, 1710; lord advocate, 1742; president of the court of session, 1764.

[1] James Conder (1763–1823), numismatist ; youngest son of John Conder; published a catalogue of modern Provincial Coins, Tokens &c., 1798.

[2] John Conder (1714–1781), congregational minister; educated in London; pastor at Cambridge, 1739-54; D.D.; theological tutor in a London dissenting academy, 1754-81; preacher in London.

[3] Josiah Conder (1789–1855), bookseller and author; son of a London bookseller; assistant in his father's shop, 1802; wrote verses for periodicals, 1806; bookseller in London, 1811-19; edited the Eclectic Review 1814-37, the Patriot 1832-55, nonconformist periodicals; brought out the Modern Traveller thirty volumes of travels, 1825-9; published also verses, essays, and religious tracts.

[4] Condlaed of Kildare, latinised Conlianus (d. 520), bishop and saint; commemorated on 3 May; a relative of St. Brigit q. v.j; spiritual director of Brigit's convent at Kildare; devoured by wolves in co. Wicklow.

[5] John Conduitt (1688–1737), master of the mint; at Westminster School, 1701, and Trinity College, Gambridge, 1705; travelled: judge-advocate in Portugal, 17lf; captain of dragoons; M.P., 1715-37; married Sir Isaac Newton's niece, 1717: master of the mint, 1727; wrote on the coinage, 1730; collected materials for a life of Newton.

[6] Nicholas Condy or Cundy (1793?–1857), landscape painter in water-colours; ensign, 1811; served in the Peninsula; lieutenant, 1818; resided at Plymouth; exhibited in London, 1830-45; joint-author of a book describing Cotehele, on the Tamar.

[7] Nicholas Matthews Condy (1818–1851), artteacher at Plymouth; son of Nicholas Condy or Cundy ; exhibited sea-pieces in London, 1842-5.

[8] John Coney (1786–1833), draughtsman and engraver; exhibited architectural drawings, 1805-21; published engravings of Warwick Castle, 1815, London churches, 1820. English ecclesiastical antiquities, 1842, and continental buildings, 1832; other volumes appeared posthumously, 1842-3.

[9] Congallus I, in Gaelic Conall, third reputed king of the Scots of Dalriada (511-535 ?), son of Domangart, son of Fergus Mor Mac Bare.

[10] Congallus II, in Gaelic Conall, sixth reputed king of the Scots of Dalriada (557-574), son of Congallus I; gave lona to St. Columba; fought against the Picts, 574.

[11] Congallus III, in Gaelic Conall Crandonna (d. 660), king or joint-king of the Scots of Dalriada (642660), son of Eocha Buidhe; perhaps subdued by the Britons.

[12] Barons Congleton . See PARNELL, HENRY Brooke, first BARON, 1776–1842 ; PARNELL, JOHN VESEY, second BARON, 1805-1883.

[13] Richard Congreve (1818–1899), positivist ; educated at Rugby and Wadham College, Oxford; M.A., 1843; fellow and tutor; met Barthelemy St.-Hilaire and Anguste Comte in Paris nnd adopted positivism; founded positivist community in London, 1855; studied medicine; M.R.O.P., I860; took part in founding propaganda in Chapel Street, Lamb's Conduit Street, London; published political, historical, religious, and other writings.

[14] William Congreve (1670–1729), dramatist; taken as a boy to Ireland; educated at Kilkenny and (1685) Trinity College, Dublin, being schoolfellow and fellowstudent of Swift; entered the Middle Temple; published, as Cleophil, Incognita a feeble novel; contributed to Dryden's metrical versions ofJuvenal 1692, and Vinril 1697; brought out his comedies, theOld Bachelor 1693, the Double Dealer 1693, Love for Love 1695, and i the Way of the World 1700, and his tragedy, the ; Mourning Bride 1697: replied to Jeremy Collier's i Short View 1697; published his collected works, 1710; well provided for by a commissionership of hackney coaches, 1695-1707, of wine licences, 1705-14, the secretaryship of Jamaica, 1714, and other offices; affected to be a man of fashion: flattered by Alexander Pope; visited by Voltaire: favoured by the second Duchess of Marlborough; buried in Westminster Abbey,

[15] Sir William Congreve (1772–1828), inventor j (1808) of the Congreve rocket; eldest son of the comptroller of the Royal Laboratory, Woolwich; officer of the royal artillery, 1791; attached to the Royal Laboratory, 1791, and was comptroller, 1814-28; directed to form two rocket companies, 1809; M.P., 1812-28: served with a rocket company at Leipzig, 1813, and in South France, 1814; succeeded as second baronet, 1814; wrote on currency and his own inventions.

[16] James Coningham (1670–1716), presbyterian ; M.A. Edinburgh, 1694; presbyterian minister at Penrith, 1694, Manchester, 1700, and London, 1712; tutor of the Manchester dissenting academy, 1705-12.

[17] Edmund Coningsburgh (.*. 1479), archbishop of Armagh; LL.D. Cambridge; resided in Cambridge, 1465-72; non-resident rector of St. Leonard, Foster Lane, London, 1448, vicar of South Weald, 1450, rector of Copford, Essex, 1451, and rector of St. James's, Colchester, 1470; envoy to the pope, 1471; made archbishop of Armagh, 1477; resigned in deference to the pope, 1479.

[18] Sir Harry Coningsby (fl. 1664), translator: knighted, 1660; printed a metrical paraphrase of Boethius de Consolatione and a memoir of his father, Thomas Coningsby.

[19] Sir Humphrey Coningsby (. 1480–1527), serjeant-at-law, 1495: justice of the king's bench and knighted, 1509.

[20] Sir Thomas Coningsby (d. 1626), soldier; of Herefordshire; visited Italy, 1573; served in Normandy, 1591; knighted, 1591; M.P., Hereford, 1693 and 1601; i founded hospital at Hereford, 1614; wrote an account of j his French campaign (printed 1847).

[21] Thomas Coningsby, Earl Coningsby (1656?1729), M.P., Leominster, 1679-1710, and 1716; a strong whig; wounded at the Boyne, 1690; one of the lordsjustices of Ireland, 1690-2; vice-treasurer of Ireland, 1693-4 and 1698-1702; suspected of peculation; created Baron Coningsby of Clanbrassil in Ireland, 1692; granted crown lands in England, 1697; a commissioner to investigate the intrigues ending in the peace of Utrecht, and to impeach Harley, 1715; baron in the English peerage, 1715; created earl, 1719; involved in lawsuits as to his title to the manors of Leominster and Mardeu, Herefordshire,

[22] Sir William Coningsby (d. 1540?), judge; second son of Sir Humphrey Couingsby; educated at Eton; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; of the Inner Temple; justice of the king's bench, and knighted, 1540.

[23] Francis Thirkill Conington (1826–1863), chemist; fellow of Corpus Cbristi College, Oxford, 18491863; M.A., 1853; published aHandbook of Chemical Analysis 1858.

[24] John Conington (1825–1869), claesical scholar; educated at Rugby, demy of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1843; scholar, 1846. and fellow, 1848-55, of University College, Oxford; contributed to the Morning Chronicle 1849-60; professor of Latin, Oxford, 1854-69; edited .lEschylus's Agamemnon 1848, and Choephoroe 1857; edited Virgil and Persius; published verse translations of Horace, 1863-9, the -Sneid 1866, and half the Iliad 1868; his Miscellaneous Writings published posthumously.

[25] Conn of the Hundred Battles (d. 157), in Irish Conn cead Cathach, king of Ireland ; son of King Fedlimid the Lawgiver; succeeded to the throne, 123; defeated Leinster and Munster at Castlekuock, killing Cumhal; forced to surrender South Ireland to Mogh Nuadat, of the Ebereans; after fourteen yearswar, killed Mogh Nnadnt at Kilbride, King's County; acknowledged king of all Ireland; slain at Tar a.

[26] Conn-na-Mbocht (d. 1069), Conn of the Paupers; head of the Culdees of Ireland and bishop of Clonmacnois; endowed Culdee hospital at Iseal Chiarain.

[27] George Conn (Conaeus) (d. 1640), Scottish catholic: educated at Douay, Paris, Rome, and Bologna: secretary to Cardinals Montalto, 1623, and Barberini, and to the congregation of rites; papal agent at Queen Henrietta Maria's court, 1636-9; died at Rome; published, in Latin, tracts on Scottish affairs and, 1624, a life of Mary Queen of Soots.

[28] Sir John Connell (1765?–1831), lawyer ; advocate, 1788; sheriff -depute of Renfrewshire, 1806; law adviser of the church of Scotland, 1806; judge of the Scots admiralty court, 1816-30; knighted, 1822; wrote on Scottish ecclesiastical law.

[29] Owen Connellan (1800–1869), Irish scholar; transcribed manuscripts for the Royal Irish Academy: Irish historiographer royal, 1822-37; professor of Irish at Cork, 1846-69; published Irish linguistic tracts, 1830-44, and translated The Four Masters 1846, and a bardic tale, 1860.

[30] Thaddeus Connellan (d. 1854), author of Irish linguistic works, 1814-25.

[31] Bernard Connor or O'Connor (1666?–1698), author: born in Kerry; studied medicine in France; M.D. Rheims, 1691; physician to King John Sobieski; came to London, 1695; F.R.S., 1695; licentiate of the London College of Physicians, 1696; lectured in Oxford and London, 1695, and at Cambridge, 1697: published scientific papers, 1691-5, an attack on miracles, entitled E vangelium Medici 1697, and, 1698, a History of Poland

[32] Charles Connor (d. 1826), comedian; born in Ireland; of Trinity College, Dublin; represented Irish characters in London, 1816-26. f xii. 23

[33] George Henry Connor (1822–1883), divine; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1851; vicar of Newport, Isle of Wight, 1852-83; dean of Windsor, 1883; published sermons.

[34] Robert Conny (1645?–1713), physician; B.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1676; M.D., 1685; naval physician at Deal, 1692; practised at Rochester.

[35] Arthur Conolly (1807–1842?), traveller ; educated at Rugby and Addiscombe; cornet of Bengal cavalry, 1823; captain, 1838: published, 1834, a description of his overland journey (1829-31) to India; official in Rajpootana, 1834-8; travelled through Turkey in Europe and Asia to India, 1839; sent to Cabul, 1840, to Merv, Khiva, and Bokhara; imprisoned at Bokhara, 1841; murdered in prison; contributed to the Asiatic Society's 'Journal

[36] Edward Barry Conolly (1808–1840), captain of Bengal cavalry; brother of Arthur Conolly; killed near Oabul; contributed to the Asiatic Society's Journal

[37] Erskine Conolly (1796–1843), writer of Scottish songs; bookseller's apprentice at Anstruther; solicitor in Edinburgh.

[38] Henry Valentine Conolly (1806–1855), Indian civilian; brother of Arthur Conolly; educated at Rugby; civil servant at Madras, 1824-56; murdered by fanatics.

[39] John Conolly (1794–1866), physician; of Irish extraction; ensign in the militia, 1812-16; lived at Tours; medical student at Edinburgh, 1817; M.D. Edinburgh, 1821; practised medicine at Ohichester: removed to Stratford-on-Avon, 1822-7; visitinir physician of Warwickshire asylums; medical professor at University College, London, 1828; resident at Warwick, 1830-8, visiting asylums; refident, 1839-44, and visiting, 1844-52, physician to Hanwell Asylum, introducing the humane treatment of lunatics; hon. D.O.L. Oxford, 1852; published treatises on insanity and asylum methods, 1847-56; contributed to medical journals.

[40] John Balfour Conolly (d. 1842), lieutenant of Bengal infantry; brother of Arthur Conolly; died at Oabul. xii. 26

[41] Thomas Conolly (1738–1803), Irish politician; M.P. for Malmesbury, 1759, and for Chichester, 1768-84; M.P. for Londonderry in the Irish parliament, 1761-1800; held various offices in Ireland; advocated the union.

[42] William Conolly (d. 1729), Irish politician ; an Irish barrister; speaker of the Irish House of Commons, 1715-29; frequently a lord justice of Ireland, 1717-29; chief commissioner of Irish revenues.

[43] John Tricker Conquest (1789–1866), accoucheur; M.D. Edinburgh, 1813; L.R.O.P., 1819; published insignificant medical treatises.

[44] Florence Conry , in Irish Flathri O'MoelChonaire (1561–1629), Irish Roman catholic prelate; educated in Spain and the Spanish Netherlands; Observant friar at Salamanca; provincial of the Observants in Ireland; sent by Philip II to foment rebellion in Ireland; archbishop of Tuam, 1609; died at Madrid; wrote theological tracts in Latin, published 1619-44, and two in Irish, published 1616 and 1625.

[45] Francis Const (1751–1839), lawyer ; barrister, Middle Temple, 1783; chairman of the Westminster sessions.

[46] Archibald Constable (1774–1827), publisher; bookseller's apprentice in Edinburgh, 1788; bookseller in Edinburgh, 1795; began to publish pamphlets and sermons, 1798; commenced the Farmer's Magazine, 1 1800; proprietor of theScots Magazine 1801; started the Edinburgh Review 1802; part-publisher of Sir Walter Scott's Minstrelsy 1802, Lay of the Last Minstrel 1805, and Marmion 1807; requested Scott to edit Swift, 1808; partner in a London publishing firm, 1808-11; acquired copyright ofEncyclopaedia Britannica 1812, and brought out supplementary Dissertations; advised Scott to publish Waverley 1814; deserted by Scott, through the sinister influence of James Ballantyne; bankrupt through the failure of his London agents, 1826; began Constable's Miscellany 1827.

[47] Cuthbert Constable (d. 1746), antiquary: known as Cuthbert Tunstall, educated at Douay, 1700; M.D. Montpellier; took the name Constable, 1718, on inheriting a Yorkshire estate; a Roman catholic; collected manuscripts.

[48] Henry Constable (1562–1613), poet ; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1580: embraced Roman Catholicism; withdrew to Paris; in friendly correspondence with the English authorities, 1584-5; published Diana a volume of sonnets, 1592, which he enlarged, 1694; failed to obtain his recall to England, 1595; papal envoy to Edinburgh, 1599: pensioned by the French king; came to London, 1603; imprisoned in the Tower, 1604; released, 1604; died at Liege: verses by him embodied in various collections, 1591-1610; collected works published, 1869.

[49] Henry Constable, Viscount Dunbar (rf. 1645), succeeded to Burton Constable estate, Yorkshire, 1608: knighted, 1614: a Roman catholic; created Viscount Dunbar, in the Scottish peerage, 1620.

[50] John Constable (fl. 1520), epigrammatist; educated at St. Paul's School; M.A. Oxford, 1515; published Latin Epigrammata 1520.

[51] John Constable (1676?–1744) Jesuit; educated at St. Omer, as John Lacey: joined the Jesuits, 1695; chaplain to the Fitzherberts of Swinnerton, Staffordshire; wrote frequently as Clerophilus Alethes against Anglican orders, Charles Dodd's Church History and in reply to other controversialists.

[52] John Constable (1776–1837), landscape-painter ; educated at Dedham school, Esisex: encouraged by Sir George Beaumont: art-student in London, 17961797; learnt etching; resided in London, except for summer tours, from 1799; sketched in water-colours; painted ; exhibited his first landscape at the Royal Academy, isic; painted two altar-pieces for Suffolk churches, 1804 and Isnt; painted in his own style quiet English land;;7, vithoutrecognition in England; employed in painting portraits and making copies of pictures: made a great impression at the French Salon, 1824; inherited a competency, 1828; R.A., 1829; twenty of his landscapes engraved by David Lucas, 1833; lectured on Landscape Art 1833 and 1836.

[53] Sir Marmaduke Constable (1455?–1518), landowner and soldier, of Flamborough, Yorkshire; served in France, 1475 and 1492; knighted; served at the siege of J5erick, 1482; steward of Tutbury, Staffordshire, 1 ts:i; sheriff of Staffordshire, 1486-7, and of Yorkshire, 1487-8 and 1509-10; inherited Flamborough, 1488; attached to the personal service of Henry VII; cominissiimer to Scotland, 1509-10; commanded left wing at Flodden, 1513. Scholarships were founded in his name at St. John's College, Cambridge, 1522.

[54] Sir Marmaduke Constable (1480?–1545), second son of Sir Marmaduke Constable (1465 7-1518) ; knighted for service at Flodden, 1513; sheriff of Lincolnshire, 1513-14; in personal attendance on Henry VIII, 1520; served in Scotland, 1522-3; M.P., Yorkshire, 1529; sheriff of Yorkshire, 1532-3; member of the council of the north, 1537-45; obtained a grant of Drax Priory, Yorkshire, 1538.

[55] Sir Robert Constable (1478?-1637), Roman catholic insurgent; eldest son of Sir Marmaduke Constable (1455 ?-1518); knighted at Blackheath for service against the Cornish insurgents, 1497; a leader in the Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536, seizing Hull; pardoned; refused to come to London; taken prisoner to the Tower, 1637; executed at Hull.

[56] Thomas Constable (1812–1881), printer and publisher; youngest son of Archibald Constable; learnt printing in London; queen's printer in Edinburgh In partnership with his father, 1839, and with his son, 1869; publisher in Edinburgh, bringing out mainly schoolbooks, 1847-60; wrote memoirs of his father, 1873, and other works.

[57] Sir Thomas Hugh Clifford Constable (1762-1823), author; known as Thomas Hugh Clifford; of a Roman catholic family; educated at Liege and Paris; travelled in Switzerland; inherited Tixall, Staffordshire, 1786; created baronet, 1815; took the name Constable on inheriting Burton Constable, Yorkshire, 1821; died at Ghent; wrote both of topography and flora of Tixall, 1817; wrote devotional works.

[58] Sir William Constable (d. 1655), regicide; served under Essex in Ireland, 1599; knighted at Dublin; pardoned for his share in Essex's revolt, 1601; created baronet, 1611; M.P., 1626, 1628, and 1642; refused to pay the forced loan, 1627; sold Flamborough, Yorkshire, 1636; raised regiment for the parliament; fought at Edgehill, 1642; routed the Yorkshire royalists, 1644; sided with the army against the parliament, 1647; joint-gaoler of Charles I at Carisbrook, January 1648; governor of Gloucester, 1648-51; regular in his attendance as one of the king's judges, 1649; member of the Commonwealth councils of state; his estates confiscated, 1660.

[59] Walter De Constantiis (d. 1207). See Walter de Coutances.

[60] Constantine I (d. 879), king of Alba (Scotland, north of Forth), 863-79; son of Kenneth Macalpine; raided by the Norse kings of Dublin, 865-79; fell in battle.

[61] Constantine II (d. 952), king of Alba (Scotland, north of Forth), 900-43; sou of Aedh; raided by the northmen, W3; crushed the invaders, 904; held council at Scone to make agreement between the Pictish and Scottish churches, 906; made his brother Donald king of Ptrathclyde, 908; raided by Danish pirates under Regnwald, 912; defeated by Regnwald, 918, and driven out of Northumberland; his right to Northumbria challenged by Ethelstan of Wessex, c. 926; part of his dominions ravaged by thelstan, 933-4, his counter-invasion repnl i d at Brunanburh, Yorkshire, 937; resigned his crown, 943; became a Culdee monk at St. Andrews,

[62] Constantine III (d. 997), king of Scotland, 995-7 ; eonot Colin, his predecessor; murdered.

[63] Constantine Mac Fergus (d. 820), king of the Picts, 807-20; founded a monastic church at Dunkeld; possibly ruled also over the Scots of Dalriada; harassed by the Norsemen (lona being ravaged, 806).

[64] George Constantine (1501?–1559), protestant reformer; bred a surgeon; bachelor of canon law, Cambridge, 1524; adopted protestantism; wrote in conjunction with William Tyndal at Antwerp; surgeon in Brabant; came to England to sell protestant books; arrested, 1530; saved himself by turning king's evidence; returned to Antwerp, 1531; returned to England before 1536; vicar of Llawhaden, Pembrokeshire: registrar of St. David's diocese, c. 1546; archdeacon of Carmarthen, 1549; substituted a movable table for the altar, 1549; an accuser of Bishop Robert Ferrar, 1555; archdeacon of Brecon, 1569.

[65] Anne Conway, Viscountess Conway (d. 1679), daughter of Sir Henry Finch; married, 1651, Edward, third viscount Conway; an hysterical invalid; corresponded with Henry More of Cambridge; joined the quakers; reputed authoress of a philosophical tract, published, 1690.

[66] Edward Conway, first Viscount Conway (d. 1631), son of Sir John Conway; knighted for service in the Cadiz expedition, 1596: governor of Brill; M.P., 1603 and 1624; secretary of state, 1623-30: lord president of the council; envoy to Prague, 1623-5; governor of the Isle of Wight, 1625; created Baron Conway, 1625, Viscount Killultagh, in Ireland, 1626, and Viscount Conway, 1627.

[67] Francis Seymour Conway, Marquis of Hertford (1719–1794), nephew of Sir Robert Walpole : succeeded as second Baron Conway, 1732; created Earl of Hertford, 1750, and Marquis, 1793; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1765-6; lord chamberlain, 1766-82.

[68] Henry Seymour Conway (1721–1795), fieldmarshal; nephew of Sir Robert Walpole; given a commission when a boy; M.P. Antrim, in the Irish parliament, 1741; M.P. for various pocket boroughs in the British parliament, 1741-84; served in Flanders, 1742; present at the battles of Dettingen, 1743, Fontenoy, 1745, Culloden, 1746, and Lauffeld, 1747; aide-de-camp to the Duke of Cumberland, 1746; secretary to the lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1756-6; major-general, 1756; failed in the Rochfort expedition, 1757, his behaviour becoming the subject of several pamphlets, 1758; lieutenantgeneral, 1759; served under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick, 1761-3; dismissed from his offices and employments for opposing George Ill's arbitrary measures, 1764; secretary of state, 1765-8: lieutenant-general of the ordnance, 1767-72; general, 1772; governor of Jersey, where he occasionally resided, 1772-95; opposed the continuance of the American war, 1775-81: commander-inchief, 1782-3; joined Fox in attacking Pitt, 1784; withdrew from politics, 1784; dabbled in forestry and versewriting; field-marshal, 1793.

[69] Sir John Conway (d . 1603), governor of Ostend; of Arrow, Warwickshire; knighted, 1559; governor of Ostend, 1586; imprisoned, 1688; published devotional tracts and verses.

[70] Roger of Conway (d. 1360), Franciscan ; D.D. Oxford; provincial of the English Franciscans; wrote in defence of the mendicant orders against Richard FitzRalph, archbishop of Armagh, e. 1367.

[71] William Augustus Conway (1789–1828), real name RUGG; appeared on the provincial stage, c. 1808; performed in Dublin, 1812, London, 1813-16, Bath, 18171820, and London, 1821; attacked by Theodore Hook, 1821; acted in America, 1824-8; committed suicide.

[72] William Cony (d. 1707), naval captain, 1704: taken prisoner by a French squadron, 1705; wrecked off Scilly.

[73] John Conybeare (1692–1755), bishop of Bristol ; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1710; M.A., 1716; D.D., 1730: rector of Exeter College, 1730-33; dean of Christ Church, Oxford, 1733-55: bishop of Bristol, 1750; published sermons, and Defence of Revealed Religion 1732, against Matthew Tiudal.

[74] John Josias Conybeare (1779–1824), geologist : student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1800-13; M.A., 1804; vicar of Batheaston, Somerset; professor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford, 1807-12, and of poetry, 1812-21; published tracts, geological, 1817-24, chemical, 1822-3, and theological, 1824; translations from Anglo-Saxon by him published, 1826.

[75] William Daniel Conybeare (1787–1857), geologist; educated at Vestminster and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1811; vicar of Axminster, Devonshire, 1836-44: dean of Llaudaff, 1845-57: published geological papers; first to describe the ichthyosaurus.

[76] William John Conybeare (1815–1857), divine; eldest son of William Daniel Conybeare; educated at Westminster; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; B.A., 1837: principal of Liverpool Collegiate Institution, 1842-8; vicar of Axminster, Devonshire, 1848-54; published essays and a novel, 1856; joint-author (with J. S. Howson) of Life of St. Paul 1851.

[77] Sir John Conyers (fl. 1469). See Robin of Redesdale.

[78] Henry Conyngham, first Marquis Conyngham (1766-1832), succeeded as third baron, 1787; created viscount, 1789, earl, 1797, and marquis, 1816, in the Irish peerage; representative Irish peer, 1801; created Baron Minster, in the British peerage, 1821; lord steward of the household, 1821-30; his wife possessed great influence over George IV.

[79] Richard Conyngton (rf. 1330), Franciscan; D.D. Oxford; lectured at Oxford and Cambridge: provincial of the English Franciscans, 1310; wrote on scholastic philosophy and theology.

[80] Sir John Coode (1816–1892), civil engineer ; articled to James Meadows Rendel of Plymouth; practised as consulting engineer in Westminster, 1844-7; resident engineer in charge of works at Portland harbour, 1847, and engineer-in-chief, 1856-72; knighted, 1872; K.C.M.G., 1886; M.I.O.E., 1849; president, 1889-91: associated with several important harbour works in various parts of the world, including (1874-85) those at Colombo, Ceylon; author of professional reports and papers.

[81] Edward Dutton Cook (1829–1883), dramatic critic; son of a London solicitor; educated at King's College School, London; brought out a melodrama, 1859; dramatic critic of London journals, 1867-83; published novels, 1861-77, and essays on the stage.

[82] Eliza Cook (1818–1889), poet ; began to write at early age and published Lays of a Wild Harp 1835; contributed to * Weekly Dispatch in which appeared the Old Arm Chair the most popular of her poems, 1837, and to other periodicals; conducted Eliza Cook's Journal 1849-54. Her complete collected poems were published, 1870.

[83] Frederic Charles Cook (1810–1889), editor of the Speaker's Commentary; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1844; chaplain in ordinary to the queen, 1857; preacher. at Lincoln's Inn, 1860-80: canonresidentiary at Exeter,1864; chaplain to bishop of London, 1869; precentor of Exeter Cathedral, 1872: appointed, 1864, editor of theSpeaker's Commentary(published 1871-81, 10 vols.), a critical commentary on the bible occasioned by the appearance of Essays and Reviews

[84] George Cook (1772–1845), Scottish church leader ; son of a St. Andrews professor: educated at St. Andrews; M.A., 1790; D.D., 1808: minister of Laurencekirk, Kinrardineshire, 1796-1829; professor of moral philosophy, St. Andrews, 1829-45; moderator of the church, 1825; a leader of the moderate party in the patronage question, 1833-43; published histories of theReformation in Scotland 1811,and of theChurch of Scotland 1815, and other works, biographical and theological.

[85] Henry Cook (1642–1700), painter; studied art in Italy; employed in England as a decorative artist; fled to Italy to escape justice: returned; repaired Raphael's cartoons; painted altar-pieces and portraits,

[86] James Cook (d. 1611), divine: educated at Winchester; perpetual fellow of New College, Oxford, 1592; D.C.L., 1608; rector of Houghton, Hampshire, 1609; published a controversial tract.

[87] James Cook (1728–1779), circumnavigator; a I labourer's son; seaman in the Baltic trade; common seaman in t lie navy, 1755; master, 1759: surveyed the St. Lawrence, 1759; employed on the North American station, 1759-67; published hisSailing Directions 1766-8; lieutenant, 1768; sailed, 1768, in the Endeavour, for Tahiti, round Cape Horn; observed the transit of Venus, 3 June: charted the coasts of New Zealand, the east coast of Australia, and part of New Guinea, 1769-70; returned by the Cape of Good Hope, reaching the Downs, 1771; commander, 1771: sailed in the Resolution to disprove the existence of an Antarctic continent, 1772; rounded the Cape of Good Hope, 22 Nov. 1772; visited many Pacific islands: skirted the Antarctic icefields, 1773-5; reached Plymouth, 1775, having, by new hygienic rules, escaped scurvy and fever; captain, 1775; attempted to sail round North America from the Pacific, 1776; passed the Cape of Good Hope, and (1778) discovered the Sandwich islands; charted the Pacific coast of North America, 1778; touched at Hawaii, 1779; driven off by storm, and on putting back to refit was murdered by natives.

[88] John Cook (rf. 1660), regicide ; travelled ; barrister. Gray's Inn; appointed by parliament to conduct the prosecution of Charles I; master of St. Cross, Winchester, 1649; justice in Munster, 1649: granted Irish lands, 1653; justice of the upper bench, Ireland, 1655; in England, 1657-9; arrested in Ireland, 1660; executed in London; published political and legal pamphlets.

[89] John Cook (1771–1824), professor of Hebrew ; M.A. St. Andrews, 1788; minister of Kilmany, Fifeshire, 17981802; D.D.; professor of Hebrew, St. Andrews, 1802-24; moderator of the church, 1816.

[90] John Cook (1808–1869), professor of ecclesiastical history; eldest son of John Cook (1771-1824); M.A. St. Andrews, 1823; D.D., 1848; minister of St. Leonards, St. Andrews, 1845-63; moderator of the church of Scotland, 1869: professor of ecclesiastical history, St. Andrews, 1860-8; published sermons and theological and legal pamphlets.

[91] John Cook (1807–1874), Scottish divine : eldest son of George Cook; M.A. St. Andrews, 1823; D.D., 1843; minister at Haddington, 1833-74; moderator of the church of Scotland, 1866.

[92] John Douglas Cook (1808?-1868), journalist; born in Aberdeenshire; for some time in India; wrote for 4 Times and Quarterly Review; edited the Morning Chronicle 1848-54, and theSaturday Review 1856-68.

[93] John Mason Cook (1834–1899), tourist agent ; son of Thomas Cook (1808-1892); engaged in business as printer; partner with his father from 1864; extended the firm's connections with America and the continent, and became agent for developing traffic to many railways in England and abroad: appointed by Khedive government agent for passenger traffic on Nile, 1870; opened branch office at Cairo, 1873: granted by Egyptian government exclusive right of carrying mails, specie, and civil and military officials between Assiout and Assouan, 1889; made a like contract with the English government, and performed valuable services in the Nile campaigns, 1885-6; greatly developed touring arrangements in Norway from 1875; acquired railway up Mount Vesuvius; carried out schemes for travelling in India; devised plans for the safer travel and better treatment of pilgrims to Jeddah and Yambo, and to Mecca and Medina; made arrangements for the German Emperor's visit to the Holy Land, 1898.

[94] Richard Cook (1784–1857), historical painter; art student in London: exhibited, 1808-22; illustrated many books; R.A., 1822.

[95] Robert Cook (d. 1593?), herald and portrait painter; of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1553: M.A 1561; Chester herald, 1562: Clarenceux king-of-arms, 1567; commissioned to visit his province, 1568; took out a grant of arms, 1577; acted as Garter, 1584-6; left manuscript collections, heraldic and genealogical.

[96] Robert Cook : (1646?–1726?), vegetarian; an eccentric Waterford landowner; resided in Ipswich and Bristol, 1688-92; nicknamed Linen Cook.

[97] Samuel Cook (1806–1859), water-colour painter; housr-painter at Plymouth; exhibited coast scenes in London, 1830-59.

[98] Samuel Edward Cook (. 1856). See Widdrington.

[99] Thomas Cook (1744?–1818), engraver, of London ; much employed in engraving portraits and book illustrations; copied all Hogarth's works for Hogarth Restored 1806.

[100] Thomas Cook (1808–1892), tourist agent; apprenticed as wood-turner; entered a printing and publishing firm at Loughborough; joined Association of Baptists; travelled as missionary in Rutland, e, 1828-9; wood-turner at Market Harborough, and secretary to the branch there of the South Midland Temperance Association, in connection with which he organised the first publicly advertised excursion by train in England, 1841; induced by the success of this excursion (Leicester to Loughborough and back) to make the organising of excursions at home and abroad a regular occupation; published handbooks for tourists, and subsequently issued coupons for hotel expenses; issuedExcursionist monthly magazine, from . 1846; removed to London, 1864.

[101] William Cook (d. 1824), miscellaneous writer; squandered his own and his wife's fortune; barrister, Middle Temple, 1777; published poems, memoirs of actors, and a comedy, 1775-1815.

[102] Alexander Cooke (1564–1632), divine; entered Brasenose College, Oxford, 1581; fellow of University College, 1587; B.D., 1596; vicar of Louth, Lincolnshire, 1601; vicar of Leeds, 1615-32; published bitter anti-Romanist tracts, 1610-25.

[103] Sir Anthony Cooke (1504–1676), politician : of Gidea Hall, Romford, Essex; father-in-law of Lord Burghley; tutor to Edward, prince of Wales; K.B., 1647; M.P., 1547; served on several ecclesiastical commissions, 1547-9; obtained church lands, 1552; imprisoned, 1553; withdrew to Strasburg, 1554; returned to England, 1558; M.P., Essex, 1559-67; served on various commissions, 1559-76.

[104] Benjamin Cooke (1734–1793), musician ; son of a London music-seller; pupil of J. C. Pepusch; deputy-organist, 1746, choir-master, 1757, and organist, 1762-93, of WestminsterAbbey; Mus.Doc. Cambridge, 1775, and Oxford, 1782; librarian, 1749, and conductor, 1752-89, of Academy of Ancient Music; organist of St. MartinV in-the-Fields, 1782-93.

[105] Edward Cooke (Jt. 1678), author of a tragedy, Love's Triumph 1678.

[106] Edward Cooke (1772–1799), naval officer; lieutenant, 1790; captain, 1794; served at Toulon, 1793, Calvi, 1794, and in East Indies, 1796-9; mortally wounded in action.

[107] Edward Cooke (1755–1820), under-secretary of state; son of William Oooke (1711-1797); educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge; B.A., 1777; official in Ireland, 1778; under-secretary in the Irish military department, 1789-95, and civil department, 17961801; M.P., Leighlin, 1790-1800: quarrelled with Earl Fit.william, 1795; a favourite of Castlereagh: wrote, 1798, and intrigued for the union, 1800; under-secretary in London for war, 1807, and for foreign affairs, 1812-17. 0), m

[108] Edward William Cooke (1811–1880), marine painter: son of George Cooke (1781-1834); drew plants for botanical books; etched coast scenes; made drawings of the progress of new London Bridge, 1825-31: travelled on the continent, 1830-46; R.A., 1864; a frequent exhibitor. CjOKE, GEORGE (1781-1834), line engraver; pupil of James Basire; a prolific workman; illustrated numerous works on landscape and antiquities,

[109] Sir George Cooke (1768–1837), lieutenant-general; ensign, 10th foot guards, 1784; captain, 1792; served in Flanders, 1794, and in Holland, 1799; captain and lieutenant-colonel, 1798; major-general, 1811; at Cadiz, 1H11-13; commanded first division of guards at Waterloo, 1815; K.C.U. aud colonel, 1815; lieutenant-general, 1821.

[110] George Cooke (1807–1863), actor; first appeared on provincial stage, 1828, and in London, 1837; committed suicide.

[111] George Frederick Cooke (1756–1811), actor; printer's apprentice at Berwick; first appeared on provincial stage, 1776, and in London, 1778; a favourite in Newcastle, Manchester, and other northern towns; reappeared in London, 1801-10, at first with success: well received in New York, 1810; occasionally a brilliant performer, but uncertain through intemperance,

[112] George Leigh Cooke (1780?-1853), mathematician; scholar, 1797, and fellow, 1810-15, of Corpus Christi College, Oxford; B.D., 1812; professor of natural philosophy, 1810-53; beneficed in Warwickshire, 1824; edited part of Newton'sPrincipia 1850.

[113] George Wingrove Cooke (1814–1865), man of letters: B.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1834; barrister, Middle Temple, 1835; employed by the tithe and enclosure commissions; copyhold commissioner, 1862; Times correspondent in China, 1857, and Algeria; published memoirs of Bolingbroke, 1835, and Shaftesbury, a history of party politics. 1837, legal treatises, 1844-57, and notes of travel, 1856-60.

[114] Henry Cooke (d. 1672), musician; chorister of the Chapel Royal; entered Charles I's army, 1642, and became captain; teacher of music in London before 1655, several of his pupils becoming afterwards distinguished composers; part-composer of the music for Sir William D'Avenant's operas, 1666; choir-master of the Chapel Royal; composed the music for the coronation service, 1661; composer to Charles II, 1664; marshal of the Corporation of Musicians, 1670.

[115] Henry Cooke (1788–1868), Irish presbyterian leader; entered Glasgow University, 1802: studied science and medicine at Glasgow, 1815-17, and Dublin, 1817-18; D.D. Jefferson College, U.S.A., 1829; LL.D. Dublin, 1837; presbyteriau minister at Duneaue, 1808, and Donegore, co. Antrim, 1811, at Killeleagh, co. Down, 1818, and Belfast, 1829-68; professor of ethics, Queen's College, Belfast, 1847; leader of the orthodox party in the controversy, 1821-40, which excluded the Arian ministers from the presbyterian church; strongly opposed disestablishment of Irish episcopal church; published sermons, pamphlets, and hymns; a voluminous contributor to periodicals; reputed one of the most effective of Irish preachers and debaters.

[116] Jo Cooke (fl. 1614), author of Greene's Tu Quoque, comedy, printed 1614; possibly also of Epigrams 1604.

[117] Sir John Cooke (1666–1710), civilian; entered Merchant Taylors School, 1673: entered St. John's College, Oxford, 1684; lieutenant of foot at the Boyne, 1689; D.C.L., 1694; advocate at Doctors Commons, 1694; knighted, 1701; dean of arches, 1703; vicar-general of see of Canterbury.

[118] John Cooke (1763–1806), naval officer; entered navy, 1776; captain, 1794: put on shore by the Spithead mutineers, 1797; killed at Trafalgar.

[119] John Cooke (1731–1810), London bookseller; issued annotated bibles, British poets, and other works in weekly sixpenny parts.

[120] John Cooke (1738–1823), chaplain of Greenwich Hospital; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1764: rector of Denton, Buckinghamshire, 1773; published a history of Greenwich Hospital, 1789, memoirs of Lord Sandwich, 1799, and sermons.

[121] John Cooke (1756–1838), physician: dissenting preacher in Lancashire; studied medicine in London, Edinburgh, and Leydcn: M.D. Leyden; medical practitioner and lecturer in London; physician to the General Dispensary and, 1784-1807, to the London Hospital; published A Treatise on Nervous Diseases 1821-3.

[122] Robert Cooke (1550–1616), divine; fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford, 1573-90; proctor, 1582-3; B.D., 1584; vicar of Leeds, 1590-1615; prebendary of Durham, 1614: wrote and preached actively against Romanism.

[123] Robert Cooke (d. 1814), musician; son of Benjamin Cooke: organist of St. Martin's-in-theFields, 1793, and of Westminster Abbey, 1802; drowned himself; composed songs and glees.

[124] Robert Cooke (1820? –1882), Irish Roman catholic divine; mission priest in Leicestershire, Yorkshire, 1847, and London; published biographies of Roman catholics, 1875-82.

[125] Roger Cooke (fl. 1563), astrologer; assistant of John Dee, 1567-81; perhaps published an almanack, 1586.

[126] Sir Thomas Cooke (d. 1478), lord mayor of London; a warden of the DrapersCompany, 1439; intermediary between Jack Cade and the citizens, 1450; sheriff of London, 1453, alderman, 1464, lord mayor, 1462; K.B., 1465; began Gidea Hall, Romford, 1467; imprisoned and heavily fined by Edward IV, 1467 and 1471.

[127] Thomas Cooke (1703–1756), author, commonly called Hesiod Cooke; son of a Braintree innkeeper; educated at Felstead school; whig journalist and pamphleteer in London, 1722; attacked, anonymously, Pope and Swift, 1725 and 1728, and consequently won a place in the Duuciad; wrote against Pope, 1729-31; published poems, 1726-42; author or joint-author of four dramatic pieces, 1728-39; translated Bion and Moschus, 1724, Hesiod, 1728, Terence, 1734, and parts of Cicero and Plautus, 1754; edited Virgil, 1741; edited the Craftsman from 1741.

[128] Thomas Cooke (1722–1783), eccentric divine; educated at Durham school and, 1743, Queen's College, Oxford; dismissed from the curacy of Embleton, Northumberland, for his strange behaviour; street preacher in London; confined in Bedlam; published two comedies, 1762-71, and sermons.

[129] Thomas Cooke (1763–1818), lecturer and writer on physiognomy.

[130] Thomas Cooke (1807–1868), optician; taught school at AUerthorpe, 1823, and York, 1829-36; made his mark as a constructor of astronomical telescopes, 1851; invented appliances for facilitating telescopic observation, and was largely employed as a maker of turret clocks.

[131] Thomas Potter Cooke (1786–1864), actor ; son of a London surgeon; served in the navy, 1796-1802; appeared on the London stage, 1804; stage manager of the Surrey Theatre, 1809; made a great success at the Lyceum, 1820; acted in Paris, 1826, and Edinburgh, 1827; reputed the best sailor... that ever trod the stapre; last appearance on the stage, 1860.

[132] Thomas Simpson Cooke (1782–1848), composer ; member of the Dublin orchestra; sang in opera; came to London, 1813; principal tenor, 1815, and musical director, 1821-42, of Drury Lane; an esteemed singing-master; composed stage music and glees; published a manual of singing.

[133] William Cooke (d. 1553), judge; educated at Cambridge; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1530; recorder of Cambridge, 1645; sergeant-at-law, 1646; justice of common pleas, 1552.

[134] William Cooke (d. 1780), numismatist; vicar of Enford, Wiltshire, 1733-80; rector of Oldbury, Gloucestershire; translated Sallust, 1746; wrote on Druidical religion, 1764; his Medallic History of Imperial Rome published posthumously, 1781.

[135] William Cooke (1711–1797), divine ; entered Harrow, 1718, Eton, 1721, and King's College, Cambridge, 1731; fellow, 1734; B.A., 1736; D.D., 1766; head-master of Eton, 1743-6; vicar of Sturminster-Marshall, Dorset, 1745-8; fellow of Eton, 1748; rector of Denham, Buckinghamshire, 1748, and of Stoke Newington, 1768; provost of King's College, Cambridge, 1772; dean of Ely, 1780; published verses, 1732, and sermons.

[136] William Cooke (d. 1824), Greek professor ; son of William Cooke (1711-1797); fellow of King's College; professor of Greek, Cambridge, 1780-93; rector of Hfinpatead, Norfolk, 1785-1824: edited Aristotle's Poetics 1785; wrote on the Apocalypse, 1789; became insane.

[137] William Cooke (1757–1832), legal writer; educated at Harrow and Caius College, Cambridge: I. A.. 1776; called to bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1782; published a manual of Bankrupt Laws 1785; practised in chancery and bankruptcy cases; sent to Milan to collect evidence against Queen Caroline, 1818; retired, 1825.

[138] William Bernard Cooke (1778–1855), line-engraver; a prolific engraver of landscapes for illustrated books; excelled in sea-views.

[139] Sir William Fothergill Cooke (1806–1879), electrician; educated at Durham and Edinburgh; army officer in India, 1826-31; studied medicine at Paris and Heidelberg; shown the principle of electric telegraphy by Professor Mlincke, 1836; patented, jointly with Sir Charles Wheatstone, telegraphic apparatus, 1837, and produced a workable instrument, 1845; quarrelled with Wheatstoue; knighted, 1869; pensioned, 1871.

[140] William John Cooke (1797–1865), line-engraver ; employed in illustrating books; withdrew to Darmstadt, c. 1840.

[141] Sir Thomas Cookes (d. 1701), baronet, of Bentley Pauncefot, Worcestershire; benefactor of Bromsgrove and Feckenham schools; bequeathed 10,OOOZ. to Oxford University, with which Gloucester Hall was converted into Worcester College.

[142] William Gifford Cookesley (1802–1880), classical scholar; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1827; assistant master at Eton; vicar of St. Peter's, Hammersmith, 1860; rector of Tempsford, Bedfordshire, 1868; published classical school-books, 1838-61; sermons, 1843-4, and pamphlets, 1845-67.

[143] George Cookson (1760–1835), general; entered navy, 1773; transferred to the royal artillery, 1778; served in the West Indies, and, 1793, the Netherlands; brevetmajor, 1800; served with distinction in Egypt, 1801; lieutenant-colonel, 1802; served at Copenhagen, 1807, and with Sir John Moore, 1808; major-general, 1814; lieutenant-general, 1830.

[144] Henry Wilkinson Cookson (1810–1876), master of Peterhouse; godson of Wordsworth; educated at Sedbergh and, from 1828, at Peterhouse, Cambridge; D.D.;. master of Peterhouse, 1847 till death; rector of Glaston,, Rutland, 1847-67.

[145] James Cookson (1752–1835), divine: rector of Colmer, Hampshire, 1775; entered Queen's College, Oxford, 1777; M.A., 1786: vicar of Harting, Sussex, 1796; master of Churcher's College, Petersfield, c. 1783; F.S.A., 1814; published theological pieces, 1782-4.

[146] William Cookworthy (1706–1780), porcelainmaker; quaker preacher; discovered kaolin (chinaclay) andpetunze(china-stone) near St. Austell, 1756, specimens of which from Virginia had been shown him in 1746; obtained patent for porcelain factory at Plymouth, 1768; sold the patent, 1777.

[147] Thomas Cooley (1740–1784), architect; originally a carpenter; designed the Royal Exchange, Dublin, 1769, the Four Courts, 1784, and other buildings in Ireland.

[148] William Desborough Cooley (d. 1883), geographer; published History of... Discovery 1830-1; exposed Douville's fictitious Voyage au Congo 1832; pensioned, 1869; honorary free member, Royal Geographical Society of London, 1864; published papers on African geography, 1841-74, and a manual ofPhysical Geography 1876.

[149] Richard Cooling or Coling (d. 1697), clerk of the privy council, 1689, and gossip of Samuel Pepys; secretary to the lord chamberlain of the household, 16601680; hon. M.A. Oxford, 1666.

[150] Robert Coombes (1808–1860), champion sculler ; a Thames waterman; rowed his first sculling race, 1836; champion of the Thames, 1846-52; coached the Cambridge crew, 1852; died insane.

[151] William Henry Coombes (1767–1850), Roman catholic divine: born in Somerset; educated at Douay; priest, 1791; driven from France by the revolution; professor of divinity at Old Hall Green; D.D., by the pope, 1801; priest at Shepton Mallet, 1810-49; published devotional tracts and translations.

[152] Abraham Cooper (1787–1868), battle and animal painter; patronised by (Sir) Henry Meux, 1809; R.A., 1820; over four hundred pieces by him exhibited, 1812-69.

[153] Alexander Cooper (fl. 1630–1660), miniature painter; withdrew to Amsterdam, and to the court of Queen Christina of Sweden; possibly painted also landscapes,

[154] Andrew Cooper or, probably erroneously, Anthony (fl. 1660), author of Stratologia, a metrical history of the civil war, by An. Cooper 1660: identified with Andrew Cooper, a newswriter, author of A Speedy Post, 1642.

[155] Anthony Ashley Cooper , first Baron Ashley and first Earl of Shaftesbury (1621-1683), succeeded as second baronet, 1631, inheriting large estates, including (through his mother, it. 1628) Wimborne St. Giles, Dorset; put into the court of wards; plundered by the law officers; appealed for protection to attorney-general Noy, 1634; entered Exeter College, Oxford, 1637, and Lincoln's Inn, 1638; elected M.P. for Tewkesbury, for the Short Parliament, 1640, but did not sit; elected, on a double return, for Dowuton, Wiltshire, for the Long parliament, 1640, but consideration of his election shelved by the Commons; with Charles I, but not committed to him, at Nottingham and Derby, 1642; brought to Oxford an offer of the Dorset gentry to rise for Charles I, 1643: raised, at his own expense, foot and horse for King Charles's service; promised the governorship of Weymouth; had great difficulty in obtaining it, 1643; resigned his commissions to Charles I, 1644; attached himself to the parliamentarians; obtained command of the parliamentary forces in Dorset, 1644; captured royalist strongholds and helped to relieve Taunton, 1644; vainly tried to obtain his seat in parliament, 1645; took Oorfe Castle, 1646; withdrew from public affairs, but continued to attend to local administration, serving as parliamentary high sheriff for Wiltshire, 16461648; sat for Wiltshire in Cromwell's parliaments, 1653-8; Berveil on the council of state, 1653-4; led the parliamentary opposition to Cromwell, 1656-8; sat for Wiltshire in Richard Cromwell's parliament, 1659. opposing the government; claimed his seat for Downtou in the Rump parliament, 1659; sat on the council of state; imprisoned as a political suspect, 1659; promised to co-operate with Monck, 1659; seized the Tower and persuaded the fleet to declare for parliament, December 1659; sat on the new council of state; took his seat for Downton, and became colonel of Fleetwood's horse, 1660; urged the admission of the excluded members; negotiated with Charles II, March 1660; M.P. for Wiltshire in the Convention parliament, April; one of the commissioners to recall Prince Charles; admitted privy councillor, May 1660; received a formal pardon for the past, June 1660; opposed the vindictive actions of the royalists; created Baron Ashley, 1661; under-treasurer, 1661-7: chancellor of the exchequer, 1661-72; steadily opposed Clarendon's repressive measures, the Corporation Act, 1661, Act of Uniformity, 1662, and the Five-mile Act, 1665; advised and supported Charles II's first Declaration of Indulgence, 1662-3; received a grant of Carolina, 1663, and an interest in the Bahamas, 1670; treasurer of prizes in Dutch war, 1665-8; made the acquaintance at Oxford, 1666, of John Locke, who became his one intimate friend; lord-lieutenant of Dorset, 1667; attached himself to Buckingham, 1669, and became a strong partisan of the scheme to legitimise Moumouth, 1670; kept in ignorance of the secret provisions of the treaty of Dover, negotiated by Clifford, December 1670; assented to declaration of war with Dutch; opposed the raising of funds for the war by the stoppage of exchequer payments, 1672; approved Charles II's Declaration of Indulgence for protestant dissenters, 1672; created Earl of Sbaftesbury, 1672; president of the board of trade, 1672-6: refused the lord high treasurership; lord chancellor, 1672-3; offended the Commons by issuing writs to fill up the vacant seats; alienated the king's mistresses by refusing to pass grants of money to them, and Lauderdale by interfering with his despotic rule in Scotland: discovered the deceit practised on him by the king and Clifford in 1670, in the treaty of Dover; contrary to his own principles, supported the Test Act, 1673; dismissed from the chancellorship and ordered to withdraw from London, 1673; rejected overtures of accommodation by Charles and by Louis XIV; set himself, in parliament and in the city of London, to fan the apprehension of a Romanist revival, January 1674; dismissed from the privy council and removed from the lord-lieutenancy of Dorset, 1674; withdrew to Wimborne St. Giles; led agitation for dissolution of parliament, 1675-6; led the opposition to Danby, 1675-6; refused to leave London on an order from Charles II, 1676; imprisoned, with Buckingham, Salisbury, and Wharton, by order of the House of j Lords, 1677; released on his submission, 1678; rejected overtures of accommodation with the Duke of York; encouraged the popish plot frenzy as a weapon against the government, 1678; led the opposition in parliament, 1679; accepted presidentship of privy council, 1679; passed the Habeas Corpus Act, 1679; supported the Exclusion Bill, May 1679; dismissed from office, October 1679; brought Monmouth back to London, November 1679; agitated for the re-assembling of parliament; tried to make capital out of an alleged Irish popish plot 1680; tried to prosecute the Duke of York as a popish recusant, June 1680; I foiled, by Halifax, in bis attempt to carry the Exclusion Bill, 1680; petitioned Charles II against holding parliament at Oxford, 1681; lodged in Balliol College; brought in a bill to repeal the penalties against protestant dissenters, 1681; committed to the Tower on a charge of high treason; asked leave from Charles to withdraw to Carolina, October 1681; released, the charge against him being dismissed by the whig grand jury, 1681; satirised by Dryden inAbsalom and Achitophel; planned a revolt in London, the west, and Cheshire, 1682; fled to Harwich and sailed for Holland, 1682; reached Amsterdam and, was admitted a burgher of that city, 1682; died there; buried at Poole, Dorset.

[156] Anthony Ashley Cooper , third Earl of Shaftesbury (1671–1713), moral philosopher; styled Lord Ashley, from January 1683; travelled in Italy, France, and Germany; M.P., Poole, 1695 8; advocated allowing counsel to prisoners charged with treason, 1695; visited Holland and came under Pierre Bayle's influence; his Inquiry concerning Virtue published surreptitiously, 1699; succeeded as third Earl of Shaftesbury, 1699; voted with the whigs, 1700-2; dismissed from the vice-admiral ship of Dorset by Anne, 1702; withdrew to Holland, 1703-4; left England for Naples, 1711; died there; possible originator of the phrase moral sense in its philosophic signification; issued his collected writings, as Oharacteristicks of Men &c., 1711; his Letters published, 1716, 1721, and 1830.

[157] Antony Ashley Cooper , seventh Earl of Shaftesbury (1801–1885). philanthropist; styled Lord Ashley from May 1811; educated at Harrow and Clirist Ohnrch, Oxford; M.A., 1832; D.C.L., 1841; M.P., 18261851; held minor offices, 1828 and 1834; urged reform of lunacy laws, 1829, and the protection of factory operatives, 1833-44, colliery workers, 1842, and chimney-sweeps; joined whig party, 1847; advocated ragged schools and the reclamation of juvenile offenders, 1848; succeeded to the earldom, 1851; advocated the supervision of lodging houses, 1851, and the better housing of the poor; chairman of the sanitary commission in the Crimea; an active member of religious associations.

[158] Sir Astley Paston Cooper (1768–1841), surgeon; fourth son of Samuel Cooper (1739-1800); pupil of Henry Cline; studied in London, Edinburgh, and Paris; anatomy demonstrator, 1789, and lecturer, 1791-1825, at St. Thomas's Hospital; acquired a lucrative practice; lecturer on anatomy, 1793-6, and on comparative anatomy, 1813-15, to the College of Surgeons; surgeon, 1800, and consulting surgeon, 1825, to Guy's Hospital; F.R.S., 1802; created baronet, 1821; published surgical and anatomical treatises, 1800-40, and contributed much to professional journals.

[159] Charles Henry Cooper (1808–1866), Cambridge antiquary; settled in Cambridge, 1826: admitted a solicitor, 1840; coroner, 1836, and town clerk of Cambridge, 1849-66; publishedGuide to Cambridge 1831, Annals of Cambridge 1842-53, Atbenae Cautabritrien 1818-61, and Memorials of Cambridge 1868-66; left much biographical material in manuscript; his memoir of Margaret, counter of llichmoud, published, 1874.

[160] Charles Purton Cooper (1793–1873), lawyer ; entered Wadham College, Oxford, 1810; took double-first honours, 1814: M.A., 1817; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1816; an equity draughtsman; queen's serjeant for the duchy of Lancaster; secretary of the second record commission; published law tracts and reports, 1828-68, an account of the public records, 1832, and pamphlets, 1860-7; died at Boulogne.

[161] Daniel Cooper (1817?–1842), naturalist; medical student; zoological assistant. British Museum; curator of the Botanical Society, London: compiled a Flora Metropolitaua and a list of London shells; lectured on botany; army surgeon, 1840.

[162] Edward Cooper or Cowper (. 1725?), a leading London printseller from c. 1685.

[163] Edward Joshua Cooper (1798–1863), astronomer; educated at Eton, and, 1816-18, Ohrist Church, Oxford; travelled extensively on the continent and in the East; published Views in Egypt 1824; manager of his imbecile uncle's estates at Markree, Sligo, 1830; succeeded to the estates, 1837: M.P., Sligo county, 1830-41, and 1867-9; built observatory at Markree; accumulated astronomical and meteorological observations, 1833-63; published Catalogue of Stars observed at Markree, 1861-6, and Oometic Orbits 1862; F.R.S., 1853.

[164] Elizabeth Cooper (. 1737), authoress: an auctioneer's widow; publishedThe M usesLibrary vol. i. 1737, a selection of English verse; brought out two dramas, The Rival Widows 1735, and The Nobleman 1736.

[165] George Cooper (1820–1876), organist ; son of a London organist: organist of various London churches, 1834-76; assistant organist of St. Paul's, 1838-76; organist of the Chapel Royal. 1856-76; organist of Christ's Hospital, 1843; composed hymn-tunes; published manuals for the organ.

[166] Sir Grey Cooper (d. 1801), politician ; barristerat-law; published pamphlets in defence of the Rockingham ministry, 1766; pensioned by the ministry: M.P., 1766-90; a secretary of the treasury, 1705-82: a commissioner of the treasury, 1783.

[167] John Cooper (d. 1626). See Coperario, Giovanni.

[168] John Cooper (fl. 1810–1870), actor : went on the Bath stage, 1811; appeared in London, 1811; acted in the provinces, 1812-20; a favourite London actor, 18201858.

[169] John Gilbert Cooper (1723–1769), miscellaneous writer; educated at Westminster, and, 1743, Trinity College, Cambridge; contributed verses, as Philaretes to Dodsley's Museum from 1746; published treatises on questions of aesthetics, 1745 and 1754, a life of Socrates, 1749, collected poems, 1764, and other works,

[170] Richard Cooper, the elder (d. 1764), engraver; pupil of John Pine; studied art in Italy; settled in Edinburgh; much employed in engraving portraits.

[171] Richard Cooper , the younger (1740?–1814?), painter and engraver: son of Richard Cooper the elder; studied in Paris under J. P. Le Has: exhibited drawings and engravings in London, 1761-4; visited Italy; published tinted drawings of scenes near Rome, 1778-9: exhibited drawings at the Royal Academy, 1778-1809; drawing-master at Eton.

[172] Robert Cooper (fl. 1681), geographer; entered Pembroke College, Oxford, 167: B.A., 1670; fellow; M.A., 1673; rector of Hurlington Middlesex, 1681; published an optical tract, 1679, and an Introduction to Geography 1680.

[173] Robert Cooper (. 1800–1836), engraver; much cmplovod in illustrating books and engraving portrait".

[174] Samuel Cooper (1609–1672), miniature painter ; painted portraits of celebrities of the Common wealth nnd Restoration; visited Kraiu-e and Holland,

[175] Samuel Cooper (1789–1800), divine: B.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1760; D.D., 1777; published sermons and pamphlets; provoked merriment by publishing a dull poem,The Task shortly after William Cowper's Task

[176] Samuel Cooper (1780–1848), surgical writer; studied at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1800; qualified as surgeon, 1803; army surgeon, 1813-15; practitioner in London; published treatise on cataract, 1805, and Surgical. Dictionary 1809; surgeon of University College Hospital, 1831; F.R.S., 1846.

[177] Thomas Cooper or Couper (1517?–1594), bishop of Winchester; son of an Oxford tailor; chorister of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1531; B.A., 1539; fellow, 1539-45; M.A., 1543; master of Magdalen College school, 1549-68; qualified for M.B., 1566 satirised for his wife's misconduct: issued an enlargement of Eliot's Latin dictionary, 1648, a continuation of Languet's Chronicle Cooper's Chronicle A.H. 17-1547), 1549, An Answer in defence of Jewel, 1562, and Thesaurus Lingua Romanae known as Cooper's Dictionary 1565; D.D., 1567; dean of Christ Church, 1667; vice-chancellor of Oxford, 1567-70; dean of Gloucester, 1669; bishop of Lincoln, 1570; published a Brief Expositionof the Sunday lessons, 1573, and sermons, 1575-80; bishop of Winchester, 1584-94; lampooned by Martin Mar-Prelate 1588-9; published an Admonition in his own defence, 1589.

[178] Thomas Cooper, Couper or Cowper (fl.–1626), divine; educated at Westminster; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1598; B.D., 1600; vicar of Great Budworth, Cheshire, 1601-4; vicar of Holy Trinity, Coventry, 1604-10; preacher to the fleet, 1626; published tracts against the Gunpowder plot, 1606-9, against witchcraft, 1617, and murder, 1620.

[179] Thomas Cooper (1759–1840), natural philosopher and lawyer; entered University College, Oxford, 1779; studied law and medicine; barrister, Inner Temple, 1787; went as democratic envoy to Paris, 1792; attacked by Edmund Burke; defended himself in a pamphlet; failed as a bleacher at Manchester; a lawyer in Pennsylvania from before 1799 to 1811: M.D.; professor of chemistry in various colleges, 1812-34; published political pamphlets and manuals of American law, 1800-40, and a scientific encyclopedia, 1812-14.

[180] Thomas Cooper (1805–1892), chartist; apprenticed as shoemaker at Gainsborough, where after private study he opened a school, 1827; engaged in journalistic and other work at Lincoln and in London; joined staff of Leicester Mercury 1840; became chartist and edited the chartist Midland Counties Illuminator; imprisoned on charge of sedition and conspiracy, 1843-5; subsequently took no part in chartist movements; published a political epic entitledThe Purgatory of Suicides 1845, and other works in verse and prose.

[181] Thomas Henry Cooper (1759?–1840?), botanist ; compiled a list of Sussex plants, 1835.

[182] Thomas Thornville Cooper (1839–1878), traveller; travelled In Australia; merchant's clerk at Madras, 1859-61; travelled in India and Burmah; at Shanghai, 1863; published A Pioneer of Commerce describing an attempt, Janunry-Novemter 1868, to travel from China through Thibet, andMishmee Hills narrating his endeavours, 1869, to reach China from Assam; employe of the India Office; ixrtitical agent at Bamd, Burmah, 1876; murdered at Bam6.

[183] William Cooper (fl. 1663), puritan; vicar of Ringmere, Sussex; chaplain to Elizabeth, queen of Bohemia, at the Hague, 1644-8: ejected from St. Olave's, Southwark, 1662; imprisoned, 1681; published sermons.

[184] William Durrant Cooper (1812–1875), anti quary: folicitor, 1832; journalist: solicitor to the Reform I Club, 1837, and to St. Pancras vestry, 1858; published a IParliamentary Historyof Sussex, 1834, a glossary of Sussex words, 1836, and memoirs of Sussex poets, 1812; contributed to archaeological journals.

[185] William Ricketts Cooper (1843–1878), oriental student; secretary to the Society of Biblical Archaeology. 1870-6; published papers on Egyptian and A-yrian antiquities, 1873-7.

[186] William White Cooper (1816–1886), surgeon-oculist; qualified as a surgeon, 1838; ophthalmic surgeon to St. Mary's Ho-pital, Paddington; wrote on professional arid miscellaneous subjects.

[187] Sir Charles Coote (d. 1642), soldier ; went to Ireland as captain, 1600; fought at Kinsale, 1602; provost-marshal, 1605, and vice-president, 1620, of Connuiitf lit; a nat Oonnaught landowner; created baronet, 1621; M.P., Queen's County, 1639; governor of Dublin, 1641: fought vigorously against the Irish rebels, 1641-2; killed in action.

[188] Sir Charles Coote, Earl of Mountrath (d. 1661), eldest son of Sir Charles Coote (d. 1642); M.P., Leitrim, 1639: fought vigorously against the Irish rebels, 1641-2; succeeded to baronetcy, 1642; provostiii:ir-hul, 1642, and president, 1645, of Connaught; continually in -rms against the Irish royalists and rebels, 1649-62; a commissioner to govern Ireland, 1669; joined Roger Boyle, baron Tiroghill, in securing Ireland for Charles II, 166O; reuppoiuted president of Couuaught, granted the lands of barony of Yestmeath, and named a lord malice of Ireland, 1660; created Earl of Mountrath, 1661.

[189] Charles Coote (1761-1836), historian : son of a London bookseller; at St. Paul's School, 1773-8; B.A. Pembroke College, Oxford, 1782: fellow, 1784; D.C.L., 1789; an advocate at DoctorsCommons, 1789; published an English grammar, 1788, a history of England (to 1802), 1791-1803, a history of the union with Ireland, 1802, and lives of English civilians, 1804; published (1818-27) continuation of Russell's Modern Europe

[190] Edmund Coote (ft. 1597), grammarian; often wrongly given as EDWARD; entered Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1566; M.A., 1583; master of Bnry St. Edmunds school, 1596-7; published The English Schoolmaster a method of learning English. 1597, which went through some fifty editions before 1704.

[191] Sir Eyre Coote (1726–1783), general; served against the Scottish insurgents, 1745; sailed for India, 1754; captain, 1765: voted for immediate action at Plassey, and led a division in the battle, June 1757; lieutenant-colonel, 1759; assumed command of the troops in Madras, and took Wandewash, 1759; crushed Lally at Wandewash, 1760; took Pondicherry, 1761; returned to England, 1762; bought West Park, Hampshire; colonel, 1765; M.P., Leicester, 1768; went to Madras as commander-in-chief, 1769, but resigned; K.B., 1771: major-general, 1775; lieutenant-general, 1777; named commander-in-chief in India, 1777; assumed command at Calcutta, 1779; sent to Madras to cope with Hyder Ali; raised the siege of Wandewash, 1781; repulsed at Ohelambakam, 1781; routed Hyder Ali at Porto Novo, 1 July, and in several later engagements, August-December, 1781; died at Madras.

[192] Sir Eyre Coote (1762–1823), general; nephew and heir of Sir Eyre Ooote (1726-1783); educated 1775 at Eton; ensign, 1774; served in America, 1775-81; lieutenant-colonel, 1788; served in the West Indies, 1793 and 1795; major-general, 1798; fought at Ostend, 1798, and Bergen, 1799; served in Egypt, 1801: K.B., 1802; M.P., Queen's County, 1802; governor of Jamaica, 1805-8; besieged Flushing, 1809; general, 1814; M.P., Barnstaple, j 1807-38; his autobiography published, 1857. 1810-18.

[193] John Copcot (*. 1590), divine ; entered Trinity College, Cambridge, 1562; B.A., 1566; fellow; D.D., 1682; an instrument of Burghley in Cambridge; vicechancellor, 1686-7; made master of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1587: rector of St. Dunstan-in-the-East, London; published sermons.

[194] Alan Cope (d. 1578), Roman catholic divine; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1549; M.A., 1552; student of civil law; withdrew to Flanders, 1560, and to Rome; created D.D. by the pope; canon of St. Peter's, Rome; died in Home; published Syntaxia Historiae Evangelicae 1672; edited Nicholas Harpsfield's Dialogi sex against the English reformers, 1566.

[195] Sir Anthony Cope (d. 1551), author; of Hanwell, Oxfordshire; travelled; chamberlain to Queen Catherine Parr; knighted, 1547; sheriff of Oxfordshire, 1548; published The Historie of... Anniball 1544, and A Moditacion upon... Psalmes 1547.

[196] Sir Anthony Cope (1548?-16l4), high sheriff of Oxfordshire, 1581; of Hanwell, Oxfordshire; M.P., Banbury, 1586-1604; imprisoned as a puritan, 1587; knighted, 1590.

[197] Charles West Cope (1811–1890), historical painter; studied at Sass's academy, 1827, and the Royal Academy, 1828, and subsequently in Paris, Naples, and Florence; exhibited at Royal Academy, Paolo and Francesca, 1837, Osteria di Campagna 1838, and Poor Law Guardians 1841; obtained prize of 300J. in competition for decoration of houses of parliament, 1843; was one of the six painters commissioned, 1844, to prepare decorations for the House of Lords, and executed several f rescof *; studied fresco painting in Italy and at Munich; R.A., 1818; exhibited "The Firstborn 1849, and subsequently reduced many paintings and frescoes illustrating incidents in history and romance; professor of painting to Royal Academy, 1867-75; one of committee of artists employed in decoration of Westminster Palace, 1871; exhibited, 1876, The Council of the Royal Academy now in council-room of the Academy.

[198] Edward Meredith Cope (1818–1873), classical scholar; entered Trinity College, Cambridge, 1837; senior classic, 1841; fellow, 1842; M.A., 1844; tutor, 1845; became insane, 1869; translated Plato's Phsedo and edited Aristotle'sRhetoric

[199] Sir John Cope (d. 1760), lieutenant-general ; cornet, 1707; K.B. and lieutenant-general, 1743; commander-inchief in Scotland, 1745; marched from Stirling against the Jacobite insurgents, August 1745; reached Inverness and came by sea to Dunbar; routed by Prince Charles at Prestonpans, 21 Sept. 1745; stationed in Ireland, 175,1.

[200] Michael Cope (ft. 1557), English protestant refugee at Geneva: preached in French at Geneva: published Expositions of Ecclesiastes and Proverbs, 1557 and 1564.

[201] Richard Cope (1776–1856), congregationalist minister; educated at Hoxton Theological College, 1798-9; minister and proprietor of a boarding-school at Launceston, 1800-20; hon. M.A. Aberdeen, 1819; minister in Wakefield, 1822-9, Abergavenny, 1829-36, and Penryn, Cornwall, 1836-56; published sermons, tracts, and verses,

[202] Henry Charles Coote (1815–1885), lawyer ; son of Charles Coote; proctor in DoctorsCommons, 1840; solicitor, 1857; published legal treatises, 1846-60, and historical essays, pointing out Roman influence on Anglo-Saxon civilisation, 1864 and 1878.

[203] Holmes Coote (1817–1872), surgeon ; studied in London; surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1863; published professional treatises, 1849-67.

[204] Richard Coote , first Earl of Bellamont (1636–1701), governor of New York; succeeded as second Baron Coote of Coloony, 1683; M.P., Droitwich, 1688-95; served in Ireland, 1689; created Earl of Bellamont, 1689; appointed governor of New England to repress piracy, 1698; commissioned ship for Captain William Kiild to arrest pirates; reached New York, 1697; arrested Kidd, 1699; died at New York.

[205] Sir Walter Cope (d. 1614), politician: built Cope Castle (now Holland House), Kensington, 1607; chamberlain of the exchequer, 1609; master of the wards, 1613.

[206] Thomas Copeland (1781–1865), writer on surgery; studied at St. Bartholomew's Hospital; qualified as a surgeon, 1804; army surgeon in Spain, 1809; an eminent practitioner in London; F.R.S., 1834 published Diseases of the Rectum 1810, and other works.

[207] William John Copeland (1804–1886), divine ; at St. Paul's School, 1815-24; scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, 1824; M.A., 1831: fellow, 1832-49; B.D.,1840; rector of Farnham, Essex, 1849-85.

[208] William Taylor Copeland (1797–1868) , porcelain manufacturer of Stoke-on-Trent; made a specialty of parian groups and statuettes; sheriff of Lon1 don, 1829; lord mayor, 1835; M,P., 1831-66.

[209] Giovanni Coperario or Coprario (d. 1626) musician; said to be an Englishman, John Cooper; trained in Italy: published Funeral Teares 1606, ami 'Songs of Mourning (for Prince Henry), 1613; composed music for court masques, 1607-13; composer to Charles I, 1625; teacher of William and Henry Lawes; left much unpublished music in manuscript.

[210] William Copinger (d. 1416), clerk; to him Bale and Pits erroneously assigned two manuscript treatises on theology.

[211] James Copland (1791–1870), physician; M.D. Edinburgh, 1815; visited the Gold Coast; travelled in France and Germany; L.R.C.P., 1820; F.R.S., 1833: practitioner in London; contributed to professional journals; published Dictionary of Practical Medicine 1832, and other medical works.

[212] Patrick Copland (1749–1822), professor at Aberdeen of natural philosophy, 1775-9 and 1817-22, and of mathematics, 1779-1817; LL.D.; formed a museum of natural philosophy.

[213] Robert Copland (. J 508–1547), author and printer: pupil of Wynkyu de Worde; issued books with his imprint, 1515-47: translated from the French, The Kalender of Shepeherdes 1508, The Rutter of the See 1528, three romances and devotional and metrical pieces; his best-known poems, The Hye Way to the Spyttel Hous Jyl of Breyntford's Testament and The Seuen Sorowes that Women have

[214] William Copland (. 1556–1569), printer; succeeded Robert Copland in business, 1548; member of the Stationers Company, 1556; issued books with his imprint, 1548-61; compiled A boke of... Herbes 1552.

[215] Edward Copleston (1776–1849), bishop of Llandaff; scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1791; B.A., 1795; fellow of Oriel, 1795-1814; tutor, 1797; vicar of St. Mary's, Oxford, 1800; professor of poetry, 1802-12; D.D., 1815; provost of Oriel College, 1814-28; dean of Chester, 1826; bishop of Llandaff and dean of St. Paul's, 1828-49; published pamphlets on education, the currency, and pauperism; worked hard for his diocese; published charges to his clergy.

[216] Anthony Copley (1567–1607?), poet; third son of Sir Thomas Copley; withdrew to Rouen, 1582, and to Rome, 1584; resided in the Low Countries, 1586-90; prisoner in the Tower, 1590; pardoned; published Wits, Fittes, and Fancies containing verses, and jests from the Spanish, 1595, and a poem, A Fig for a Fortune 1596; wrote for the secular priests against the Jesuits, 1601-2; conspired to place Arabella Stuart on the throne, 1603; turned king's evidence and was pardoned; in Rome in 1606.

[217] Sir Godfrey Copley (d. 1709). founder of the Royal Society's Copley medal; succeeded as second baronet, 1684; M.P., Aldborough, 1678-81, Thirsk, 1695-1705; F.R.S., 1691; controller of army accounts, 1704.

[218] John Copley (1577–1662), divine; youngest son of Sir Thomas Copley; born at Lou vain; a Roman catholic priest; published Reasons for embracing protestantism, 1612; vicar of Bethersden, 1612-16; rector of Pluckley, Kent, 1616; ejected by parliament, 1643: restored, 1660.

[219] John Singleton Copley , the elder (1737–1815), portrait-painter in oil and crayons; born at Boston, Massachusetts; taught by his step-father, Peter Pelham (d. 1761), portrait- painter and engraver, of Boston; began painting and engraving portraits, 1753; painted George Washington's portrait, 1755; exhibitedThe Boy with the Squirrel in London, 1766; left America, 1774, having executed nearly three hundred pictures; visited London; visited continental galleries, 1774-6; settled in London, 1776; employed as a portrait-painter: exhibited his first imaginative picture,A Youth rescued from a Shark 1779; became famous as an historical painter by painting Chatham's last Appearance in the Lords Repulse of the Spanish Floating Batteries at Gibraltar 1790, and Charles I demanding the surrender of the Five Members (began 1785).

[220] John Singleton Copley, the younger, Baron Lyndhurst (1772–1863), lord chancellor; son of John Singleton Copley the elder; born in Boston. Massachusetts: brought to England, 1775; entered Trinity College, Cambridge, 1790; second wrangler, ITt 1; follow. 1795-1804; M.A., 1796: went to Boston to try to recover his father's property, 1795; toured in the United States; took chamber* as a special pleader; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1804; joined the Midland circuit; became popular at Nottingham by defending a Luddite rioter, 1812; serjeant-at-law, 1813; became responsible for his father's debts, 1815; increased his reputation by gaining the bobbin-net lace case, 1816, and defending Arthur Thistle wood, 1817; engaged by the crown as prosecuting counsel, 1817; tory M.P., 1818-26; chief-justice of Chest cr, 1819; solicitor-general, 1819; conducted the prosecution of Arthur Thistlewood for treason, and that of Queen Caroline before the lords, 1820: knighted; attorneygeneral, 1824-6; master of the rolls, 1826; recorder of Bristol, 1826; lord-chancellor, 1827-30; created Baron Lyndhurst, 1827; chief baron of the exchequer, 1831-4; again lord chancellor, 1834-6: took a leading part in the debates in the Lords, 1835-41; high steward of Cambridge University, 1840; a third time lord chancellor, 1841-6; benefited by operations for cataract, 1849-52; declined a fourth tenure of the lord chancellorship, 1851; last speech in the Lords, 1861.

[221] Sir Thomas Copley (1534–1584), of Gatton, Surrey, and Roughay, in Horsham parish, Sussex; knighted abroad; created baron by Philip II, and so often styled Lord Copley; claimed the barony of Hoo and Hastings; M.P. for Gatton, a private borough, 15531567; opposed the measures of Philip and Mary, 1558; a favourite with Elizabeth; embraced Roman Catholicism; imprisoned as a recusant; went abroad, 1570; entered the Spanish service; died in Flanders.

[222] Thomas Copley (1594–1652?), Jesuit; of Gatton, Surrey; took part in planting the colony of Maryland.

[223] Abiezer Coppe , alias Higham (1619–1672), fanatic: of disordered mind and disorderly life; servitor of All SoulsCollege, Oxford, 1636; post-master of Mertou College: baptist preacher in Warwickshire and other midland counties; joined the ranters; his Fiery Flying Roll burnt, as blasphemous, by order of parliament, 1650; imprisoned at Warwick, and, 1651, in Newgate; released, on his recantation, 1651; practised physic, after 1660, at Barnes, Surrey, as Dr. Higham

[224] John Coppin or Copping (d. 1583), Brownist; disciple of Robert Browne; subjected to nominal imprisonment, 1576; taught his fellow-prisoners that Queen Elizabeth was an idolater and perjured: executed for treason.

[225] Richard Coppin (fl. 1646–1659), universalist ; Anglican, presbyterian (1646), independent, and baptist; claimed to have had a special revelation to preach, 1648; patronised, 1649, by Abiezer Ooppe; preached, 1649-54, in several midland counties; often indicted for heresy, but leniently treated; preacher to familists at Rochester, 1655; published pamphlets, 1649-59.

[226] Edmund Coppinger (d. 1692), fanatic; supported William Hacket, who claimed to be the Messiah; died in prison.

[227] James Coppock (1798–1857), election agent; draper's clerk, then silk-mercer, in London; qualified as a solicitor, 1836; employed in disputed election cases.

[228] Thomas Coppock or Cappoch (1719–1746), Jacobite: B.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1742; a clergyman: joined Prince Charles at Manchester; executed at Carlisle; popularly thought to have been named bishop of Carlisle by the Pretender; subject of various pamphlets.

[229] Copsi, Copsige, or Coxo, Earl of Northumberland (d. 1067), thegn of Northumberland under Tostig, 1065; submitted to William I at Barking, 1066: created earl and sent to reduce Northumberland; slain by Oswulf,

[230] Thomas Coram (1668?–1751), philanthropist; born at Lyme, Dorset; shipbuilder at Taunton, Massachusetts, 1694; merchant in London, 1720; a trustee for Georgia, 1732; planned colonisation of Nova Scotia, 1735; advocated the establishment of Foundling Hospital; obtained a charter, 1739; opened the building, 1745; received an annuity by subscription, 1749.

[231] Marie Françoise Catherine Doetter Corbaux (1812–1883), painter; usually called Fanny Corbaux; painted in oil- and water-colours : first exhibited, 1827; book illustrator; wrote on Old Testament history; pensioned, 1871.

[232] '^ William of Corbeil, Curbuil or Corbeuil (d. 1136), archbishop of Canterbury; born at one of the Corbeils in Normandy; pupil of Anselm at Laon; clerk of lianulf Flnmbard, bishop of Durham; present at the dedication of Durham Cathedral, 1104; became a canon regular of St. Augustine: prior of St. Osyth, Essex: chosen, under pressure from Henry I, archbishop, and consecrated, 1123; went to Rome for the pallium: opposed there by Thurstan, archbishop of York: his contention with Thurstan left undecided at a legatine court held at Westminster by John of Crema, 1126; summoned to Rome by Thurstan; obtained from Honorius II the position of legate in England and Scotland: took the oath to secure the succession to Matilda, 1126; held council at London to proceed against married clergy, 1129; built Rochester Castle and helped to rebuild the cathedral; completed Canterbury Cathedral and dedicated it, 1130; consented to the election of Stephen, whom he crowned in 1135.

[233] Clement Corbet (d. 1652), civilian ; scholar of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1592: fellow, 1598; LL.D., 1605; professor of law, Gresham College, London, 1607-13; master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1611-26; advocate at DoctorsCommons, 1612; chancellor of Chichester; vicar-general of the bishop of Norwich, 1625.

[234] Edward Corbet (d. 1658), divine; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1624; M.A., 1628; member of the Westminster Assembly, 1643; one of the parliamentary visitors of Oxford University, 1647; intruded canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1648; D.D., 1648; rector of Great Hasely, Oxfordshire, 1649-68.

[235] John Corbet (1603–1641), divine : M.A. Glasgow, 1623; minister of Bonhill, Dumbartonshire, 1637; deposed, 1639; withdrew to Ireland; attacked presbyterianism in The Ungirding of the Scottish Armour, and The Epistle Congratulatorie of Lysimachus Nicanor 1639-40; incumbent of Killaban, Queen's County; murdered in the rebellion.

[236] Sir John Corbet (1594–1662), patriot; of Shropshire; created baronet, 1627; probably not the Sir John Corbet who was imprisoned for refusing to pay the forced loan, 1627; high sheriff of Shropshire, 1629; imprisoned in the Fleet for speaking against the mustermaster wages, 1629; again imprisoned, 1635; M.P. for Shropshire, 1640, in the Long parliament; took the parliament side.

[237] John Corbet (1620–1680), puritan; son of a Gloucester shoemaker; B.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1639; incumbent and under-schoolmaster of St. Mary-de-Crypt, Gloucester, 1640; chaplain to Colonel Edward Massey, parliamentary governor; published a narrative of events at Gloucester, 1645; preacher at Bridgwater, and afterwards at Chichester; rector of Bramshot, Hampshire: ejected, 1662; resided in Richard Baxter's house; nonconformist minister at Chichester, 1671-80; published controversial and devotional tracts; his Remains published, 1684.

[238] Miles Corbet (d. 1662), regicide: of a Norfolk family; barrister, Lincoln's Inn; M.P., Great Yarmouth, 1628, and in the Long parliament; active against Laud; chairman of the committee of examinations; clerk of the court of wards, 1644; registrar of the court of chancery, 1648; attended one meeting of the commission and signed Charles I's death-warrant, 1649; a commissioner for settling Irish affairs, 1650; chief baron of the exchequer in Ireland, 1655; arrested in Dublin, 1669; M.P., Yarmouth, 1660, but his election annulled; went abroad; arrested in Holland, 1662; brought to London and executed.

[239] Reginald Corbet (d. 1566), judge; of a Shropshire family; reader of the Middle Temple, 1551; justice of the queen's bench, 1559.

[240] Richard Corbet (1582–1635), bishop of Oxford and of Norwich: son of a Surrey gardener; educated at Westminster; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1599; M.A., 1605; proctor, 1612; D.D., 1617; vicar of Cassington, near Oxford; chaplain to James I; prebendary of Salisbury, 1620-31; vicar of Stewkley, Berkshire, 1620-36; dean of Christ Church, 1620-28; bishop of Oxford, 1628; translated to Norwich, 1632; withdrew from the Walloon congregation the use of the bishop's chapel, 1634; his collected poems issued, 1647.

[241] Robert Corbet (d. 1810), naval officer; of a Shropshire family; lieutenant, 1796; served off Egyptian coast, 1801: commander, 1802; captain, 1806; his men incited to mutiny by his inhuman cruelty to them, 1808; censured by the admiralty, 1809; served with distinction off the Isle of Bourbon, 1809; a mutiny nearly caused by his appointment to the Africaine, 1810; killed in battle with the French, strange stories being current about the bad management of his ship in action.

[242] William Corbet (1779–1842), Irish rebel; entered Trinity College, Dublin, 1794; joined the United Irishmen; expelled from Trinity College for seditious practices, 1798: went to France; given a captain's commission; attached to Humbert's expedition, but never landed; arrested at Hamburg, 1798; imprisoned at Kilmainham, 1799; escaped to Paris, 1803; served on French side in Peninsula, 1810-13, and in German campaigns, 1813-14; colonel, 1815: slighted by the Bourbons; went with the French expedition to Greece, 1828; general of brigade; commanded French troops in Greece, 1831-2; general of division, 1833.

[243] Thomas Corbett (d. 1751), secretary to Admiral George Byng in the Sicilian expedition, 1718-20; senior secretary of the admiralty, 1742.

[244] William Corbett (d. 1748), violinist and composer; composed music for Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre, 1700-3; leader of the opera band, 1705-11; visited Italy, c. 1711-13; member of the court band, 1714-47; visited Italy, c. 1716-24, collecting music and musical instruments; supposed government spy on the Jacobites; returned to England, 1724; composed flute and violin music; published concertos, 1728 and 1742.

[245] Ambrose Corbie or Corbington (1604–1649), Jesuit; son of Gerard Corbie; born near Durham: educated at St. Omer, 1616, and Rome, 1622; joined the Jesuits, 1627; rhetoric lecturer at St. Omer; minister at Ghent, 1645; died at Rome; wrote lives of Jesuits.

[246] Gerard Corbie or Corbington (1558–1637), Roman catholic exile; native of Durham; withdrew to Ireland and to Belgium; joined the Jesuits, 1628.

[247] Ralph Corbie or Corbington (1598–1644), Irish Jesuit; son of Gerard Corbie; educated in Belgium and Spain; joined the Jesuits, 1626; mission priest in Durham, 1631-44; hanged at Tyburn.

[248] Saint Corbmac (6th cent.), son of Eogan ; commemorated on 13 Dec.; born in Munster; founded a monastery in co. Mayo.

[249] Henry Corbould (1787–1844), painter; son of Richard Corbould; studied art in London; first exhibited, 1807; much employed as a book-illustrator; employed by the British Museum to make drawings of the Greek marbles.

[250] Richard Corbould (1757–1831), painter; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1776-1811; a fine bookillustrator.

[251] Thomas of Corbridge (d. 1304), archbishop of York; D.D.: prebendary of York; chancellor of York, 1279-90; visited Rome on cathedral business, 1281; resigned chancellorship on becoming sacrist of St. Sepulchre's Chapel, York, 1290; went to Rome in hope of recovering his chancellorship, 1290, but failed; sacrist, 1290-9; elected archbishop of York, 1299; involved in ecclesiastical disputes with the prior of Beverley, the bishop of Durham, and the archbishop of Canterbury; lost favour with the king over a question of patronage.

[252] Michael Corcoran (1827–1863), American general; born in co. Sligo: emigrated, 1849: post office clerk in New York; colonel of militia; wounded at Hull's Run, 1861; brigadier-general, 1862.

[253] Charles Cordell (1720-1791), Roman catholic divine: of English birth; educated at Douay; chaplain at Arundel Castle, 1748; priest in Yorkshire, Isle of Man, and (1765-91) at Newcastle-on-Tyne; published theological and biographical works.

[254] Sir William Cordell (rf. 1581), master of the rolls; educated at Cambridge: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1544; M.P., Steyuing, 1553; solicitor-general, 1553; conducted prosecution of Sir Thomas Wyatt. 1554; knighted; master of the rolls, 1657-81; M.P Suffolk, and speaker of House of Commons, 1558; M.P. for Middlesex, 1663, and for Westminster, 1672.

[255] William Corden (1797–1867), painter ; painted china for the Derby works; painted miniature portraits on ivory and china.

[256] William Corder (1804–1828), murderer; murdered Maria Marten, near Ipswich, 1827; executed, amid popular execration, 1828.

[257] Jeremy Corderoy ( ft. 1600), divine ; B.A. St. Alban Hall, Oxford, 1581; M.A., 1684; chaplain of Mertou College, 1590; published theological tracts, 1G04 and 1608.

[258] Charles Cordiner (1746?–1794), antiquary; minister of St. Andrew's Episcopal Church, Banff, 17691794. His works includeAntiquities of the North of Scotland 1780.

[259] James Cordiner (1775–1836), traveller: third son of Charles Cordiner; M.A. Aberdeen, 179?; army chaplain at Madras, 1797, and at Colombo, 1798 1804; minister of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Aberdeen, 1807-34; published A Description of Ceylon 1807, and A Voyage to India 1820.

[260] John Corey (ft. 1700–1731), actor ; a favourite London actor, 17012-31; brought out a comedy, 1701, and a farce, 1704.

[261] Arthur Thomas Corfe (1773–1863), organist ; third son of Joseph Corfe; chorister of Westminster Abbey; organist of Salisbury Cathedral, 1804-63; composed anthems, and wrote on The Principles of Harmony and Thorough-bass

[262] Charles William Corfe (1814–1883), organist of Christ Church, Oxford, 1846-82; younger sou of Arthur Thomas Corfe; Mus.Doc. Oxford, 1852; composed glees and anthems.

[263] John Davis Corfe (1804–1876), organist of Bristol Cathedral; eldest sou of Arthur Thomas Corfe

[264] Joseph Corfe (1740–1820), composer ; chorister, lay vicar, and organist, 1792-1804, of Salisbury Cathedral; gentleman of the Chapel Royal, 1783; composed church music, anthems, and glees.

[265] Earls of Cork . See BOYLE, RICHARD, first Earl, 1566-1643; BOYLE, RICHARD, second Earl, 1612-1697; BOYLE, RICHARD, fourth Earl, 1695-1753; BOYLE, JOHN, fifth Earl, 1707-1762.

[266] Countess of Cork] (1746–1840). See Mary Monckton.

[267] James Corker or Maurus (1636–1715), Benedictine monk; a Yorkshireman; embraced Romanism; Roman catholic chaplain in England, 1665-77; arrested, 1678; sentenced to death, 1680; released, 1685; built a monastery at Olerkenwell; received at court as envoy from Cologne, 1688; abbot of Lambspring, Germany, 1690-6; lived in London, 1696-1715; published memoirs of Viscount Stafford and otherpopish plot" victims, 1681-3, and theological tracts, 1680-1710.

[268] Cormac Mac Art , also known as Cormac ua Cuinn and Cormac Ulfada (d. 260), king of Ireland: procured the murder of Lugaid Mac Con, 217, and of Fergus Dubhdeadach, 218, and so became king, 218; frequently at war with the tribal chiefs; once an exile in Scotland; introduced the first water-mill into Ireland: abdicated, 254; composed laws in retirement at sknvn, near Tara: said to have become a Christian: buried at ROB na righ.

[269] Presbyter Cormac (6th cent.) See Corbmac.

[270] Cormac (836–908), king of Cashel; son of Cuilenuan; chief bishop in Leth Mogha; became king of Cashel, 900; defeated Flann, king of Ireland, at Tullamore, 906; i and slain by Flann; traditional author of Sanas inaii-; an ancient glossary (printed, 1862).

[271] Sir John Rose Cormack (1815–1882), physician ; M.D. Edinburgh, 1837; M.D. university of France, 1870; jihysi-i:in to Edinburgh Infirmary, c. 1840-5; practitioner in London, 1H47-66, and in Paris, 1869-82; knighted, 1872; wrote on medical subject?.

[272] Viscount Cornbury (1710–1753). See Henry Hyde.

[273] Lucas Cornelisz (1495–1562?), painter ; m pupil of Cornells Eugelbrechtsen, a Leyden artist; also de Kok, as being a cook; painted in oil and temper; came to London, c. 1527; designer for tapestry works at Ferrara, 1535-47.

[274] Cornelius à Sancto Patricio (fl. 1650), Irish Jesuit. See Connor Mahony.

[275] John Cornelius (1557–1594), Jesuit; of Ir descent; fellow of Exeter College. Oxford. 1676-8; drew to Rheims, and, 1580, to Rome; Roman catholic chaplain in England, 1583; arrested and executed, 1694.

[276] Theresa Cornelys (1723–1797), ball-manager; tide Imer; daughter of an actor; born at Venice; married Pompeati, a dancer; directress of theatres in the Austrian Netherlands, as Mme. Trenti; as Mme. Ponjpeati, sang in London, 1746 and 1761; as Mme. Comely*, at Carlisle House, Soho Square, gave subscription balls and masquerades, 1760-72, and concerts, 1764-72; bankrupt, 1772; hotel keeper at Southampton, 1774-6; lived obscurely as a huckstress, under name of Smith; died in the Fleet.

[277] George Richard Corner (1801–1863), antiquary; a London solicitor; F.S.A., 1833; vestry clerk of St. Olave's, South wark, 1835; contributed papers, chiefly on Southwark antiquities, to archaeological journals, 1834-60.

[278] John Corner (. 1788–1825), engraver ; issued Portraits of Celebrated Painters 1816.

[279] Julia Corner (1798–1875), writer for the young ; published educational works, stories, and plays.

[280] Adrian de Corneto (1460?–1521?). See Adrian de Castello Adriax.

[281] Charles Cornewall (1669–1718), vice-admiral ; spelt his name CORXWALL, from May 1709; entered navy, 1683; commanded ship in Mediterranean, 1693-6 and 1705-8; M.P., 1708-9; comptroller of the navy, 1714; rear-admiral, 1716; commanded against Sallee corsair?, 1716-17; vice-admiral, 1717; second in command off Cape Passaro, 1718; died at Lisbon.

[282] Folliott Herbert Walker Cornewall (1754-1831), bishop of Worcester; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1780; chaplain to House of Commons, 1780; D.D.; canon of Windsor, 1784; dan of Canterbury, 1792; bishop successively of Bristol, 1797, Exeter, 1803, and Worcester, 1808-31; published sermons,

[283] James Cornewall (1699–1744), navy captain ; captain, 1724; served on North American station, 1724-8, off Morocco coast, 1732-4, off Guinea coast, 1737-8, and in Mediterranean, 1741-3; killed in action off Toulon.

[284] Bolton Corney (1784–1870), critic; ensign, 1803 ; clerk at Greenwich Hospital: very deaf, and a literary recluse: wrote on the Bayeux tapestry, 1836; criticised D'Israeli's Curiosities of Literature 1837, and the General Biographical Dictionary of Hugh James Rose, 1839; contributed to literary journals.

[285] William of Cornhill (d. 1223), bishop of Coventry and Lichfield; one of King John's clerks; an offlcenof the exchequer, 1204; rector of Maidstone, 1206; justiciar, 1208; bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, 121E; much employed by King John and faithful to him to the last; supported Henry III; benefactor of Lichfield Cathedral.

[286] Henry Cornish (d. 1685), alderman of London; presbyterian and whig; elected sheriff of London, 1680, against the strongest court pressure; took leading part in petition for a session of parliament, 1681; witness in favour of Edward Fitzharris, 1681; one of the committee to protect the city charter, 1682; prosecuted, 1682, for inciting riots; condemned, and fined, May 1683; unsuccessful candidate, through court intrigue, for the lord mayorship, 1682; condemned and executed for alleged implication (1683) in the Rye House plot; his attainder reversed in parliament, 1689.

[287] Joseph Cornish (1750–1823), nonconformist divine; entered Hoxton Academy, 1767; adopted Arian views; minister, 1772-1823, and private schoolmaster, 1782-1819, at Colyton, Devonshire: published pamphlet* and tracts, 1772-90, and historiesof the Puritans 1772, andof Nonconformity 1797.

[288] Sir Samuel Cornish (d. 1770), vice-admiral; lieutenant, 1739: served at Cartagena, 1741, and in the Mediterranean, 1742-4; rear-admiral, 1759; took Manila and the Philippines, 1762; vice-admiral, October 1762; created baronet, 1766.

[289] Earls of Cornwall . See RICHARD, 1209–1272; Edmund, second EARL, 1250–1300; GAVESTON, PIERS, d. mi; JOHN, 131G-133G.

[290] Barry Cornwall (1787–1874). See Bryan Waller Procter.

[291] Charles Wolfran Cornwall (1735–1789), politician; educated at Winchester; barrister, Gray's Inn; M.P., 1768-89; speaker of the House of Commons, 1780-9.

[292] Henry of Cornwall (1235–1271). See Henry.

[293] John of Cornwall (fl. 1170). See John.

[294] Caroline Frances Cornwallis (1786–1858), authoress; lived much in Italy; friend of Sismondi; published Philosophical Theories 1842, and othersmall books on great subjects; contributed to journals; her Letters published, 1864.

[295] Sir Charles Cornwallis (d. 1629), diplomatist; second son of Sir Thomas Cornwallis; knighted, 1603; ambassador in Spain, 1605-9; treasurer of the household to Prince Henry, 1610-12; a commissioner on Irish affairs, 1613; imprisoned in the Tower for hostility to the Scots, 1614; wrote memoir of Prince Henry, 1626.

[296] Charles Cornwallis, first Marquess and second Earl Cornwallis(1738-1805), governor-general of India; educated at Eton; styled Viscount Brome from June 1763-62; ensign, 1756; aide-de-camp to the Marquis of Granby in Germany, 1758-9; M.P., 1760; lieutenantcolonel, 1761; served in Germany, 1761-2: succeeded as second Earl Cornwallis, 1762; acted with the Whig peers, 1765-9; constable of the Tower, 1770-83, and 1786-1805; major-general, 1776; sent out with reinforcements to North America, 1776; given command of the reserve division; subdued New Jersey, 1776; occupied Philadelphia, 1777; given the second command in America, 1778, but kept inactive by Sir Henry Clinton's supineness; left in command at Charleston, 1780; invaded Virginia, 1781; ordered to hold Yorktowu, bjit forced to capitulate, 1781; petitioned to be governor-general and commander-iH-chief in India, to reform abuses, 1782, 1785, and 1786; took command at Calcutta, 1786; spent three years in reforming the civil and military administration; took command against Tippoo Sultan, at Madras, 1790; took Bangalore, 1791; defeated Tippoo near Seringapatam, 1791; fell back on Bangalore; invested Seringapatam, 1792; dictated terms of peace to Tippoo; created Marquis Cornwallis. 1792; tried to settle Bengal by making the zemindars owners of the soil, 1793; reorganised the law courts; general, 1793; resigned office, October 1793: reached England, 1794; despatched to the continent to encourage the allied forces, 1794; master-general of the ordnance, 1795-1801; was named governor-general of India, 1797, but did not take up the appointment; appointed viceroy and commander-in-chief in Ireland, 1798, to crush an expected rebellion; ordered the arrest of the ringleaders, and forced the French under Humbert to capitulate, 1798; supported Castlereagh in carrying the act of union by bribery, 1799-1800; resigned office, 1801, in consequence of the king's refusal to grant catholic emancipation; negotiated the unfavourable treaty of Amiens, 1801-2; sent to India to try to conclude a lasting peace with the native powers, 1805; took command at Calcutta, 1805, but died the same year at Ghazipore.

[297] Charles Cornwallis, second Marquis Cornwallis (1774–1823), only son of Charles Cornwallis, first marquis; styled Viscount Brome; styled Earl Cornwallis after August 1792; succeeded as recond marquis, 1805.

[298] Frederick Cornwallis (1713–1783), archbishop of Canterbury; younger son of Cliarles, fourth Baron Cornwallis; educated at Eton; U.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1736; fellow; D.D., 1748; heueflced in Suffolk and Norfolk, 1740; canon of Windsor, 1746; bishop of Lichfleld and Coventry, 1760. dean of St. Paul's, 1766; archbishop of Canterbury, 1768; noted for his hospitality at Lambeth; published four sermons.

[299] James Cornwallis fourth Earl Cornwallis (1742-1824), bishop; third son of Charles, first earl Cornwallis; educated at Eton; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1763; fellow of Merton; M.A., 1769; a pluralist rector in Kent, 1769-81; D.C.L., 1775; dean of Salisbury, 1 1776; bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, 1781-1824; dean of Windsor, 1791; dean of Durham, 1794; succeeded as fourth Earl Cornwallis, 1823; published five sermons.

[300] Jane Cornwallis, Lady Cornwallis (1581-1659), nfe Meautys: second wife of Sir William Cornwallis, of Brome, Suffolk, 1608-11; afterwards wile of Sir Nathaniel Bacon, of Culford, Suffolk, 1613; herCorrespondence (1613-44) published, 1842.

[301] Sir Thomas Cornwallis (1519–1604), diplomatist; of Brome Hall, Suffolk; knighted, 1548; sent against the Norfolk insurgents, 1549; sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk, 1553; commissioner to treat with Scotland, i 1553; sent to escort Princess Elizabeth to London, 1564; commissioner for trial of Sir Thomas Wyatt, 1664; treasurer of Calais, 1554-7; popularly supposed to have sold Calais to France; comptroller of the household, 1567-8; M.P., Suffolk, 1558; catholic recusant.

[302] Thomas Cornwallis (1663–1731), commissioner of lotteries; a younger son of Charles, second baron Cornwallis; educated at Cambridge, 1676; officer in the guards; devised parliamentary lotteries, 1709.

[303] Sir William Cornwallis (d. 1631?), essayist ; son of Sir Charles Cornwallis; knighted, 1602; published essays, 1600-17.

[304] Sir William Cornwallis (1744–1819), admiral ; a younger son of Charles, first earl Cornwallis; entered navy, 1755; commander, 1762; in constant service, 1755-87, taking part in the actions off Grenada, 1779, St. Kitts, 1782, and Dominica, 1782; commander-in-chief in East India waters, 1789-93; rear-admiral, 1793; viceadmiral, 1794; brought his squadron off safely on meeting a great French fleet, 1795; quarrelled with the admiralty, 1796; admiral, 1799; commanded Channel fleet, 1801 and 1803-6; G.C.B., 1816.

[305] William Cornysshe (d. 1524?), musician; member of the Chapel Royal, 1493, and master of the chapel children, 1509-22; combed music for, and acted in court pageants for Henry V 1 1 and Henry VIII; imprisoned in the Fleet for satirising Sir Richard Empson, 1504; forced Wolsey to give up one of his choristers to the Chapel Royal, 1518: attended Henry VIII to France, 1518; obtained corrodies in Thetford and Malmesbury monasteries, 1523. Little of his music has survived,

[306] Corpre Cromm , i.e. Corpre the bent, Saint (d. 900); confused in the Martyrology of Donegalwith Corpre Cromm, an Irish prince (ft. 640); commemorated on 6 March; son of Decill; became abbot of Clonmacnois, 886; harassed by Oonnaughtmen, 895.

[307] Antonio de Corranus (1527–1591). See Corro.

[308] Domenico Corri (1746–1825), musician; of orchestras at Rome, 1756; pupil of Porpora at Naples, 1763-7; conductor of concerts in Edinburgh, singingmaster, and (in partnership with Natale Oorri, his brother) music publisher, 1771-87; published Scottish and English songs, Country Dances 1797,Art of Fingering aMusical Dictionary 1798, andSinger's Preceptor 1810: produced two successful operas, 1774 and 1806; insane in later life.

[309] Archibald Corrie (1777–1867), agriculturist ; gardener in Edinburgh, 1797; estate manager in Perthshire; wrote on agriculture in the journals,

[310] Daniel Corrie (1777–1837), bishop of Madras; educated at Cambridge; disciple of Charles Simeon; Bengal cbapluin, 1806-15; senior chaplain at Calcutta, 1817; LL.D.; archdeacon of Calcutta, 1823; bishop of Madras, 1835.

[311] George Elwes Corrie (1793–1886), divine; B.A. St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, 1817; tutor, 1817-49; Norrisian professor of divinity, 1838-54; master of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1849, and rector of Newton, Cambridgeshire, 1851-85; wrote papers on English church history; edited works of Anglican theology,

[312] Sir Dominic John Corrigan (1802–1880), physician; born in Dublin; M.D. Edinburgh, 1825; acquired the leading practice in Dublin; created baronet, 1866; M.P., Dublin city, 1870-4; published medical tracts.

[313] Antonio de Corro , otherwise Corranus and Bellerive (1527–1591), theologian; born at Seville; a Spanish monk; adopted protestantism, 1557; resided in Prance and Flanders, 1558-68; doctor of a foreign university; came to London, 1568; by Cecil's influence, was pastor of the Spanish congregation, London, 1568-70, and Latin divinity lecturer at the Temple, 1571-4; by Leicester's influence, was lecturer on divinity in Oxford, 1578-86; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1585; accused of heresy; published theological treatises, 1567-79; compiled a Spanish grammar, 1590.

[314] Henry Thomas Lowry Corry (1803–1873), politician: second son of Somerset corry, second earl of Belmore; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1823: M.P., Tyrone, 1826-73; junior lord, 1841-5, secretary, 1845-6 and 1858-9, and first lord, 1867-8, of the admiralty.

[315] Isaac Corry (1755–1813), Irish politician; educated at Trinity College, Dublin; M.P., Newry, in the Irish parliament, 1776-1800; attached to the government as surveyor of the ordnance in Ireland, 1788, and a commissioner of revenue, 1789-98; chancellor of the Irish exchequer, 1798-1804; surveyor of Irish crown lands, 17991813; chief government speaker in favour of the union, 1799-1800; fought a duel with Henry Grattan, 1800; M.P., 1800-4.

[316] John Corry (fl. 1825), topographer; journalist in Dublin, and, 1792, in London; published, 1782-1820, verses, tales, and memoirs, and, 1810-25, histories of Liverpool, Bristol, Macclesfield, and Lancashire.

[317] Thomas Corser (1793–1876), bibliographer; educated at Manchester grammar school, 1808-12; M.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1818; rector of Stand, near Manchester, 1826, and non-resident vicar of Norton, near Daventry, 1828-76; F.S.A., 1860; collected a fine library of early English poetry, described in Collectanea Anglo-Poetica 1860-80.

[318] Henry Cort (1740–1800), ironmaster; navy agent in London, 1765-75; bought premises near Fareham, Hampshire, in which to carry on processes (patented 1783-4) for purifying iron bypuddling; ruined, 1789, by the prosecution of his partner, Adam Jellicoe, for embezzlement of naval funds; pensioned, 1794.

[319] Joannes Corvus (fl. 1512–1544), painter ; real name Jan Rave, of Bruges; came to England. His protraits include Bishop Richard Fox (after 1522) and the Princess Mary, 1544.

[320] Isaac Preston Cory (1802–1842), miscellaneous writer; fellow of Caius College, Cambridge; M.A., 1827.

[321] William Johnson Cory (1823–1892), poet and master at Eton; son of Charles Johnson of Torrington; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge; won chancellor's medal for English poem, 1843: fellow, 1845-72; B.A., 1845; assistant master at Eton, 1845-72; assumed name of Cory and retired from fellowship and mastership, 1872; published educational works, besides several volumes of poems, some of which give him a permanent place among English lyrists.

[322] George Coryate (d. 1607), divine; educated at Winchester; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1560-70; M.A., 1569; rector of Odcombe, Somerset, 1570-16U7; prebendary of York, 1594; wrote copies of Latin verses to the nobility.

[323] Thomas Coryate (1577?–1617), traveller; son of George Corate; entered Gloucester Hall, Oxford, 1696; a buffoon at court; of Prince Henry's household; travelled, mainly on foot, through France to Venice, and thence by Switzerland, Germany, and Holland to London, 1608; published his narrative Coryats Crudities with commendatory verses from the wits, and two appendices, Coryats Crambe and The Odcombian Banquet 1611; visited Constantinople (1612), Asia Minor, Greece, and Egypt; travelled through Palestine, Mesopotamia, and Persia, to India, reaching Agra, October 1616; died at Surat; some letters from him published, 1616 and 1618.

[324] William Coryton (. 1651), politician; vicewarden of the stannaries, 1603-27 and 1630-40; M.P M 1623-9; imprisoned, 1627-8, for refusing to pay the forced loan, and, 1629-30, for abetting Sir John Eliot March 1629); M.P., 1640. in the Short parliament; elected to the Long parliament, but unseated and dismissed from hf employments for malpractices.

[325] Alexander Cosby (fl. 1580), soldier; eldest son of Francis Cosby; killed in skirmish with the Irish.

[326] Arnold Cosby (fl. 1580), soldier ; second son of Francis Cosby; served in Flanders, 1587

[327] Francis Cosby (d. 1580), Irish general; served against the Irish, 1548-58; granted Stradbally Abbey, Queen's County, 1562; assisted in slaughter of the O'Mores, 1567; killed in battle.

[328] Sir Henry Augustus Montagu Cosby (1743-1822), lieutenant-general: volunteer at the taking of Gheria, 1766; in active service at Madras, 1760-75, becoming lieutenant-colonel, 1773; commander of the nawab of Arcot's cavalry, 1778: served against Haidar Ali, 1780; invalided to England, 1782; knighted; left India, 1786; lieutenant-general, 1822.

[329] Phillips Cosby (1727?-1808), admiral : born in Nova Scotia; entered navy, 1745; commander, 1760; on active service. 1745-70; receiver-general of St. Kitts, 1771-8; on the North American station, 1779-81; held Mediterranean command, 1786-9; rear-admiral, 1790; admiral, 1799.

[330] Edmund Cosin or Cosyn (fl. 1558), vice-chancellor of Cambridge; B.A. King's Hall, Cambridge, 1535; fellow; M.A., 1541; vicar of Grendon, Northamptonshire, 1538-41; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1546; B.D., 1647; a strong catholic; master of St. Catharine's Hall; pluralist in Norfolk and (1558-60) vice-chancellor of; Cambridge; resigned his preferments, 1560; went abroad, 1568.

[331] John Cosin (1594–1672), bishop of Durham; fellow of Caius College, Cambridge; chaplain to Overall, bishop of Lichfield; friend of Laud and Richard Montague: prebendary of Durham, 1624, archdeacon of the East Riding, 1625, and rector of Ehvick and Brancepeth, Durham, 1626; defended Montague'sAppello Csesarem 1626: compiled, by request of Charles I,Collection of Private Devotions, 1 1627; at once accused of Romanist leanings; introduced ornate ornaments and services into Durham Cathedral, 1627-33; D.D., 1628; procured the ejection of Peter Smart, puritan prebendary of Durham, 1628; was appointed master of Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1635, where he introduced ornate chapel ornaments and services; vice-chancellor of Cambridge, 1639, and dean of Peterborough, 1640; accused by Smart to the Long parliament, and deprived of his benefices, 1640; sent Peterhouse plate to Charles I, 1642; ejected from the mastership, 1644; chaplain to the Anglican royalists at Paris, 1642-60; wrote, but did not publish, a treatise against Romanism (published 1675), and, 1652, an explanation of Anglicanism (published 1707); resumed his ecclesiastical preferments, 1660; bishop of Durham, 1660; member of the Savoy conference, 1661; proposed several slight changes in the liturgy, 1661; visited his diocese, 1661-2: used his ex-officio powers as lord-lieutenant of Durham to employ the militia to drive nonconformists to church, sold the offices in his patronage, and was most exacting in levying dues to provide money for his buildings at Auckland and Durham, for the library at Durham, for scholarships at Cambridge, for provision for his family, ami for general charity; published History of the Canon of Scripture 1657; bis collected works published, 1843-55, I and his correspondence, 1868-70.

[332] Richard Cosin (1549?–1597), civilian; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; LL.D., 1580; dean of the arches, 1583; M.P., 1586-9; a master in chancery, 1588; published treatises on ecclesiastical law.

[333] Cospatric, Earl of Northumberland (fl. 1067). See Gospatric.

[334] Emanuel Mendes da Costa (1717–1791), naturalist; son of a London Jew; studied conchology and collected fossils; F.R.S., 1747-63; imprisoned, 1767-72; published treatises on fossils and shells, 1757-78.

[335] Sir Michael Costa (1810–1884), composer; born and trained at Naples; composed for Italian theatres, 1825-9; employed at the King's Theatre, London, 1830-46, reforming the orchestra, 1832, and producing four ballets and two operas, 1831-44; director of music at Covent Garden Theatre from 1846; conductor of the Philharmonic concerts, 1847-54; conducted the festivals at Birmingham, 1849-79, and Leeds, 1874-80, and the Handel festivals, 1857-77; produced two oratorios, Eli 1855, and Naaman 1864; knighted, 1869; director of the Italian opera from 1871.

[336] George Costard (1710–1782), astronomical writer; fellow of Wadham College, Oxford; M.A., 1733; vicar of Whitchurch, Dorset: vicar of Twickenham, 1764-82; published tracts on biblical criticism, 1733-62, and treatises on the history of astronomy, especially in antiquity, 1746-67.

[337] Pierre Coste (1668–1747), translator; a Frenchman; Huguenot minister at Amsterdam, 1690; translated two of Locke's tracts into French; French tutor in England; translated Locke's Essay under Locke's supervision, 1697; translated Newton's Optics; annotated French standard authors.

[338] Guillaume Costeley (1531–1606), composer of French chansons, published 1554-97; of Scottish extraction; organist to Henry II and Charles IX of France; lived at Evreux, 1571-1606.

[339] Dudley Costello (1803–1865), journalist: of Irish extraction; ensign, 1821; stationed at Bermuda, 1824-8; copyist of illuminated manuscripts at Paris; lived in London, 1833-8; foreign correspondent of London journals; wrote for periodicals; pensioned, 1861; published novels and notes of travel, 1845-61.

[340] Louisa Stuart Costello (1799–1870), artist and author; sister of Dudley Costello; miniature-painter in Paris, 1814, and London; copyist of illuminated manuscripts; pensioned, 1852; lived latterly at Boulogne; published poems, 1815-56, Specimens of the Early Poetry of France 1835, notes of travel, 1840-6, novels, and memoirs, 1844-55.

[341] William Birmingham Costello (1800–1867), surgeon; native of Dublin; M.D.; practitioner in London, 1832; withdrew to Paris; wrote on medical topics.

[342] Maria Cecilia Louisa Cosway (fl. 1820), miniature-painter; n6e Hadfield; born in Florence; of English extraction; educated in Rome; miniature-painter in London of portraits and mythological subjects; first exhibited, 1781; married, 1781, Richard Cosway; lived much abroad: a prolific etcher and book- illustrator.

[343] Richard Cosway (1740–1821), painter; artstudent in London; drawing-master; designer of snuffbox lids; dealer in old pictures; R.A., 1771; in great request as portrait-painter in oil and miniature; a favourite of the prince regent: his art collection sold, IMI-_;;i folio volume of his designs published by his widow, Florence, 1826.

[344] Michael Cosworth or Cosowarth (fl. 1600), metrical translator of psalms; of Cornish family; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1580.

[345] Francis Cotes (1725?–1770), portrait-painter in crayons and oil; of Irish extraction; R.A.; worked in London and Bath.

[346] Roger Cotes (1682–1716), mathematician; educated at St. Paul's School; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1705; M.A., 1706; Plumian professor of astronomy, 1706; helped Newton in the reissue of the Principia 1709-13; F.R.S., 1711; published Logometria a treatise on ratios, 1713; partially observed the total solar eclipse, April 1715: his mathematical papers published, 1722 and 1738, and his correspondence, 1850.

[347] Samuel Cotes (1734–1818), miniature-painter: taught by his brother, Francis Cotes; executed crayon portraits and miniatures on enamel and ivory; exhibited, 1760-89; fellow of the Incorporated Society of Artists.

[348] John Cotgrave (fl. 1655), author of 'The English Treasury... of... Dramatick Poems and Wit's Interpreter 1655.

[349] Randle Cotgrave (rf. 1634?), compiler of the French-English dictionary, 1611 (second edition, 1632); scholar of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1587; secretary to William Cecil, afterwards second Earl of Exeter.

[350] John Sell Cotman (1782–1842), landscape-painter, chiefly in water-colours; art-student in London, 1798; exhibited in London, 1800-6; drawing-master in Norwich, 1807-34; painted portraits and landscapes; etched plates of buildings and antiquities, chiefly in Norfolk, 1811-39; published, 1822, etchings of Architectural Antiquities of Normandy," taken 1817-20; exhibited again in London, 1825-39; drawing-master in King's College, London, 1834-42.

[351] Joseph John Cotman (1814–1878), landscapepainter; son of John Sell Ootman; drawing-master in Norwich, 1836; became mentally deranged,

[352] Miles Edmund Cotman (1810–1858), landscapepainter and etcher; eldest son of John Sell Cotman: drawing-master in Norwich, 1834, and in London, 1836c. 1845; exhibited river and sea views in oil- and water colours, 1835-56.

[353] John Cotta or Cottey (1675?–1650?), physician; scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1590-6; M.A. Corpus Ohristi College, Cambridge, 1597; M.D., 1603; practised medicine in Northampton, 1603 till death: published Discoverie of... Ignorant Practisers of Physicke 1611, The Triall of Witchcraft 1616, and Cotta contra Antonium 1623 (against Francis Anthony )

[354] Thomas Cottam (1549–1582), Jesuit; born in Lancashire: M.A. Braseuose College, Oxford, 1572; schoolmaster in London: embraced Roman Catholicism; withdrew to Douay; afterwards lived at Rome and at Rheims; .joined the Jesuits; imprisoned in London, 1580-2; executed at Tyburn.

[355] Earl of Cottenham (1781–1851). See Charles Christopher Pepys.

[356] George Sackville Cotter (1755–1831), translator; educated at Westminster School, and, 1771, Peter.house, Cambridge; M.A., 1779; beneficed in co. Cork, Ireland; published poems, 1788; translated Terence, 1826, and Plautus, 1827.

[357] Patrick Cotter (1761?–1806), Irish giant; born at Kinsale; a bricklayer: exhibited himself in Great Britain as O'Brien, 1779-1804; his height sometimes given as over eight feet.

[358] Sir Charles Cotterell (1616–1687?), courtier : knighted, 1644; master of the ceremonies, 1641-9; at Antwerp, 1649-52; steward at the Hague to Elizabeth, queen of Bohemia, 1652-4; secretary to Henry, duke of Gloucester, 1655-GO; master of the ceremonies, 1660-86; master of requests, 1670-86; M.P., Cardigan, 1663-78; translated French romances and histories, andThe Spiritual Year a Spanish devotional tract.

[359] Sir Charles Lodowick Cotterell (1654–1710), courtier; son of Sir Charles Cotterell; LL.D. Trinity College, Cambridge: knighted, 1687; master of the ceremonies, 1686-1710; published memoir of Prince George of Denmark, 1708.

[360] Sir Clement Cotterell (d. 1758), courtier; son of Sir Charles Lodowick Cotterell; knighted, 1710; master of the ceremonies, 1710-58; assumed the name Dormer, 1741, on inheriting Rousham, Oxfordshire.

[361] William Cotterell (d. 1744), bishop in Ireland; son of Sir Charles Lodowick Cotterell; dean of Raphoe, 1725; D.D. Oxford, 1733; bishop of Ferns and Leighlin, 1743.

[362] Thomas Cottesford (d. 1555), protestant divine; M.A. Cambridge: imprisoned as a protestant, 1541; resigned rectories at Walpole, Norfolk, 1544; vicar of Littlebury, Essex, 1545: rector of St. Martin's, Ludgate, 1553, but withdrew to the continent; died at Frankfort; published theological and devotional tracts, 1543-53.

[363] Baron Cottesloe (1798–1890). See Thomas Francis Fremantle.

[364] Lewis Nockalls Cottingham (1787–1847), architect; builder's apprentice at Ipswich; architect in London, 1814; much employed in restoration of churches; published drawings of Westminster Abbey and Hall, and other architectural treatises.

[365] Nockalls Johnson Cottingham (1823–1854), architect: older son of Lewis Nockalls Cottingham; drowned at sea.

[366] Francis Cottington, Baron Cottington (1578?-1652), diplomatist; attached to Sir Charles Cornwallis's embassy at Madrid, 1605-9; English agent at Madrid, 1609-11; consul at Seville, 1612; clerk of the council, 1613-16; again envoy to Spain, 1616-18; secretary to Charles, prince of Wales, 1622; created baronet, 1623; ordered to accompany Prince Charles to Madrid, 1623; professed Romanism there; a leader of the party favourable to Spain; dismissed from court by Buckingham's influence, 1623; privy councillor, 1628: chancellor of the exchequer, 1629-42; ambassador to Spain to conclude peace, 1629-31; created Baron Oottington, 1631; a commissioner on Irish affairs, 1634; master of the court of wards, 1635-41; a commissioner of the treasury, and in conflict with Laud, 1635-6; a commissioner on Scottish affairs, 1638; built Hanworth House, Middlesex; constable of the Tower, 1640; joined Charles I at Oxford, 1643: lord treasurer, 1643; went to Rouen, 1646; joined Prince Charles at the Hague, 1648: unsuccessful in an embassy to Spain to raise money for Prince Charles, 1649; embraced Roman Catholicism and settled at Valladolid, 1651; died at Valladolid.

[367] John Cottisford (d. 1540?), vice-chancellor of Oxford; B.A. Oxford, 1505; fellow of Lincoln College, 1509-18, and rector, 1519-39; D.D., 1525; vice-chancellor, 1527-32; directed to suppress protestant books; arrested Thomas Garret, 1528; canon of Henry VIII's Oxford college, 1532; prebendary of Lincoln, 1538.

[368] Amos Simon Cottle (1768?–1800), translator; B.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1799; wrote verses; translated, in metre, the Edda of Saemund, 1797.

[369] Joseph Cottle (1770–1853), author; bookseller in Bristol, 1791-9; met Coleridge and Southey, 1794; brought out Coleridge's Poems and Southey's Joan of Arc 1796, and Coleridge and Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads 1798; published verses and essays, 1798-1829, and Early Recollections of Coleridge and Southey, 1837.

[370] Sir Arthur Thomas Cotton (1803–1899), general, and irrigation engineer; studied at East India Company's college, Addisoombc; obtained commission in Madras engineers, 1819; assistant engineer in Madras, 1821; accompanied expeditionary force to Burmah, 1824: placed in charge, 1828, of irrigation works in Tanjore, which he greatly extended and improved by construction of anicnts on the Coleroon, 1835-6; constructed an anicut across Godavery river below Rajahmundry for irrigation of Godavery district, 1847-52; subsequently projected the anicut on the Krishna river, the construction of which was carried out by Major-general Charles Orr; knighted, 1861; second class K.C.S.I., 1866; retired from government service, 1862, but continued to give his attention to irrigation schemes; retired from army with rank of general, 1877.

[371] Bartholomew de Cotton (d. 1298?), historian; monk of Norwich; compiled Historia Anglicana in which the events of 1291-8 seem to be described from personal knowledge.

[372] Charles Cotton (1630–1687), poet ; of Beresford, Staffordshire; travelled; single copies of Ms verses printed (1049-74), but they circulated chiefly in manuscript; lecame deeply involved in debt; army captain in ireland, 1670: published burlesques of Virgil, 1664, and of Lucian, 1675, and translations from the French, 1667-74; reputed author of The Complete Gamester 1674; published The Planter's Manual of fruit-trees, 1676, a second partof Walton's Complete Angler, 1 167C,The Wonders of the Peak 1681, and a standard translation of Montaigne's Essays 1685; his poems collected, 1689, and his works. 1715. "

[373] Sir Charles Cotton (1753–1812), admiral; entered navy, 1772; commander, 1779; succeeded as fifth baronet of Madiugley, Cambridgeshire, 1795; in active service, 1772-83, and 1793-1801; rear-admiral, 1797; vice-admiral, 1802; held command in Tagua, 1807-8, in Mediterranean, 1810; in command of Channel fleet, 1812.

[374] George Edward Lynch Cotton (1813–1866), bishop of Calcutta; educated at Westminster and Trinity College, Cambridge; a house-master at Rugby, 1837-52; head-master of Marlborough, 1852-8; D.D.; bishop of j Calcutta, 1868; founded schools for poor European and ! Eurasian children; opposed presbyterian claim to use government churches; drowned in the Ganges.

[375] Henry Cotton (1789–1879), bibliographer and historian; at Westminster School, 1803-7; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1807-19; M.A., 1813; D.C.L., 1820; sub-librarian of the Bodleian, 1814-22; treasurer of Christ Church, Dublin, 1832-72; titular dean of Lismore, 1834-72; became blind; published a bibliography (1505-1820) of the English bible, 1821, and a bibliography of English Roman catholic versions, 1855,Typographical Gazetteer 1824, Fasti Ecclesiae Hibernicae 1845-78, and other works.

[376] Sir Henry Cotton (1821–1892), judge; son of William Cotton (1786-1866); educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1843; called to bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1846; practised in equity courts; standing counsel to Bank of England; Q.C., 186; standing counsel to Oxford University, 1872; appointed lord justice of appeal, sworn privy councillor, and knighted, 1877; honorary D.O.L. Oxford, 1877.

[377] John Cotton (12th cent.?), author of a treatise on music (published 1784).

[378] John Cotton (1584–1652), nonconformist divine : M.A. Trinity College Cambridge, 1606; fellow of Emmanuel College, c. 1607; later, was dean; B.D., 1613; vicar of Boston, Lincolnshire, 1612; temporarily suspended for disuse of theceremonies 1615, but subsequently indulged in his nonconformity with James I's sanction; took theological pupils; cited for nonconformity by high commission court, 1633, resigned living, and sailed with Thomas Hooker and others for New England; joint-minister at Trimountain, the name of which town was at tliis time changed to Boston; rendered considerable assistance in consolidating the Massachusetts government. His numerous publications include sermons, works on church government, doctrinal questions, and controversial and expository treatises.

[379] Sir John Cotton (1621–1701), eldest son of Sir Thomas Cotton; succeeded as third baronet, 1662; offered the Cottonian Library to the nation, 1700.

[380] Sir John Cotton (1679–1731), succeeded his grandfather as fourth baronet, 1701; transferred the Oottonian Library; to the nation, 1702; M.P., Huntingdonshire, 1711.

[381] Sir John Cotton (l. 1752), son of Sir Robert Cotton; sixth and last baronet.

[382] Sir John Hynde Cotton (d. 1752), Jacobite; succeeded (1712) as fourth baronet of Madingley, Cambridgeshire; M.A. Cambridge, 1706: M.P., 1708-52; a pronounced tory; forced on George II as treasurer of the chamber, 1744-6.

[383] Joseph Cotton (1745–1825), mariner; son of Nathaniel Cotton; entered the navy, 1760; entered marine service of East India Company; an elder brother of the Trinity House, 1788-1808; a director of the East India Company, 1796-1823; compiled history of Trinity House, 1818,.

[384] Nathaniel Cotton (1705–1788). physician : studied medicine at Leyden, 1729; medical practitioner and keeper of a lunatic asylum at St. Albans, 1740-88; wrote verses, which were collected and published, 1791.

[385] Richard Lynch Cotton (1794–1880), provost of Worcester College, Oxford; educated at the Charterhouse; B.A. Worcester College, Oxford, 1815, fellow, 1816-38 and provost, 1839-80; D.D., 1839; vicur of Denchworth, Berkshire, 1823-38; vice-chancellor of Oxford, 1852-7; published sermons.

[386] Robert Cotton (fl. 1300).

[387] Sir Robert Cotton (1669–1749), son of Sir John Cotton (1621-1701); succeeded his nephew as fifth baronet, 1731.

[388] Sir Robert Bruce Cotton (1571–1631), antiquary; of Connington, Huntingdonshire; educated at Westminster School and Jesus College, Cambridge; B. A., 1585; settled inCotton House Westminster, and collected manuscripts and coius; gave free use of hie library to Bacon,. Camden, Ralegh, Selden, Speed, Ussher, and other scholars; made an antiquarian tour with Camdi-M to (arlisle. 1600: wrote papers on questions of precedents and other antiquarian topics; sent a gift of manuscripts to the Bodleian Library on its foundation, 1601; rebuilt Connington House, 1602; knighted by James I, 1603; M.I, Huntingdon, 1604; his advice in public affairs sought by the king; created baronet, 1611; contributed to Speed's History of England 1611; bequeathed valuable manuscripts by Arthur Agard, 1614; contributed to Oamden's Elizabeth 1615; imprisoned for trying to screen the Earl of Somerset by altering dates of letters, 1615-16; received valuable papers by bequest from Camden, 1623; M.P., Old Sarnm, 1624, and Tbetford, 1625, attaching himself to Eliot and the parliamentary party; ojwuly affronted by Charles I in consequence, 1626; wrote against debasing the coinage, 1626; published political tracts, History of Henry III 1627, and Dangers wherein the Kingdom now standcth 1628; M.P., Castle Rising, 1628-9, acting throughout with Eliot; excluded in consequence from his library by order of Charles I, 1629-31; papers by him printed posthumously, 1641-1771. The rottoiiian Library was transferred to the nation, 1702; placed iii Essex House, 1712; removed to Ashburnham House, 1730, where it suffered severely in the fire of October 1731; deposited in Westminster School, 1731, and removed to the British Museum, 1753. Catalogues of it appeared in 1696, 1732, and 1802.

[389] Roger Cotton (.ft. 1596), poet ; draper in London; published a devotional tract entitled * A Direction to the Waters of Lyfe 1590, and two devotional poems, An Armor of Proofe and A Spirituall Song 1596.

[390] sir St Vincent Cotton (1801–1863), sixth baronet of Madingley, Cambridgeshire; eldest son of Sir Charles Cotton; educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; lieutenant of dragoons, 18271830; played cricket, 1830-5; patron of sport; gambled away his estates; made a living by driving the stage coach between London and Brighton.

[391] Sir Stapleton Cotton, Viscount Combermere ( 1773–1865), field-marshal; at Westminster School 1785-9; lieutenant of foot, 1790; lieutenant-colonel of horse, 1794; served in Flanders, 1793-4, at Cape Town, 1795, and against Tippoo Sahib, 1799; returned to England, 1800; major-general, 1805; M.P., Newark, 1806-14; commanded cavalry division in Peninsula, 1808-12; succeeded as sixth baronet of Combermere, 1809; lieutenantgeneral, and invalided by wounds, 1812; served in Pyrenees campaign, 1813-14; created Baron Combermere and pensioned, 1814; commanded the allied cavalry in France, 1815-16: governor of Barbados, 1817-20: commauder-inchief in Ireland, 1822-5; general, 1825;commander-in-chief in India, 1825-30; captured Bhurtpore, 1826; created Viscount Combermere, 1827; separated from his wife, 1830; constable of the Tower, 1852; field-marshal, 1865.

[392] Sir Sydney John Cotton (1792–1874), lieutenant-general; comet (1810) and lieutenant (1812) of dragoons; captain of foot, 1822; lieutenant-colonel, 1843; served in India, in Burmnh, and Australia, 1810-58; K.(J.U. uud major-general, 1858; lieutenant-general, 1866; governor of Chelsea Hospital, 1872; wrote on military subjects, 1857-68.

[393] Sir Thomas Cotton (1594–1662), son of Sir Robert Bruce Cotton; M.P., St. Germans, 1828-9; succeeded as second baronet, 1631; obtained, with difficulty, possession of his father's library; M.P. for Huntingdon, 1640 (the Short parliament); left Cotton House in the hands of the parliament.

[394] William Cotton (d. 1621), bishop of Exeter : M.A. Queens' College, Cambridge, 1576; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1677-98; bishop of Exeter, 1598-1621; "precentor of Exeter, 1599-1606: probeivlary of Exeter, 16081621; rector of Silverton, Devonshire, 1600-21; opposed the puritans.

[395] William Cotton (1786–1866), philanthropist: third son of Joseph Cotton; managing partner of a Limehouse rope-factory, 1807-38; resided at Leytoustone, 1819-66; a director of the Bank of England, 1821-65; inventor of the sovereign weighing-machine, 1844; unweariedly advocated school and church extension from 1811.

[396] William Charles Cotton (1813–1879), writer on bee*; brother of Sir Henry Cotton; educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1836; held living of Frodshaui, Cheshire, 1857 till death; first secretary of Apiarian Society.

[397] Sir Willoughby Cotton (1783–1860), general; educated at Rugby; ensign, 1798; lieutenant, 1799; served in Hanover, 1805, at Copenhagen, 1807, and in the Peninsula, 1809-11 and 1813-14; lieutenant-colonel, 1821: served in Burmah, 1825-6; K.O.H. and major-general, 1830; governor of Jamaica, 1829-34; commanded a division in the Afghan war, 1838-9; lieutenant-general, 1841; commander-iu-chief in Bombay, 1847-50; general, 1854.

[398] Jonathan Couch (1789–1870), naturalist : studied medicine in London; medical practitioner at Polperro, 1809-70; published Illustrations of Instinct 1847, History of British Fishes 1860-5, History of Polperro and 'Cornish Fauna

[399] Richard Quiller Couch (1816–1863), naturalist; eldest son of Jonathan Couch: medical practitioner at Peuzauce, 1845-63; an able zoologist; contributed to scientific journals.

[400] William Couche (1732–1763), Jesuit; a Cornishman; educated at St. Omer; joined the Jesuits, 1749: died at Liege.

[401] Walter Coulson (1794?–1860), journalist and lawyer; a Cornishman; amanuensis to Jeremy Bentham; parliamentary reporter of the Morning Chronicle; editor of the Globe 1823; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1828; conveyancer; counsel for the home office; friend of Charles Lamb and Leigh Hunt.

[402] William Coulson (1802–1877), surgeon; surgeon's apprentice at Penzance; studied surgery in London and, 1824-6, Berlin; on the staff of the Lancet 1823; qualified as a surgeon, 1826; practised in London; senior surgeon of St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington; published surgical treatises, 1836-54; contributed to professional journals.

[403] David Trevena Coulton (1810–1857), journalist; conducted the Britannia newspaper, 1839-50, and the Press 1864-7; published a novel, 1853, and an Inquiry into the Authorship of the Letters of Junius.

[404] Robert Couper (1750–1818), author; student at Glasgow, 1769; tutor in Virginia; medical student in Glasgow, 1776; M.D.; medical practitioner in Wiijtoushire and, 1788-1806, at Fochnbers, Banffshire; published 'Poetry, chiefly in the Scottish Language 1804.

[405] Albert Etienne Jean Baptiste Terrien de la Couperie (d. 1894), orientalist. See Terrien.

[406] Pierre François Courayer (1681–1776), French divine; born at Rouen; joined the fraternity of St. Genevieve; appellant against the bull Unigenitus, 1714; corresponded with Archbishop Wake, 1721-3; published a dissertation admitting the validity of Anglican orders, 1723, a Defence of the dissertation, 1726, and 'Historical Relation', a further defence, 1729; hon. D.D. Oxford, 1727; pensioned by the government; translated into French Father Paul's Council of Trent 1736, and Sleidan's Reformation 1769-77; published theological tracts of Socinian tendency.

[407] John de Courci (d. 1219?), conqueror of Ulster : went to Ireland with William FitzAldelm, Henry II's minister, 1176; seized Downpatrick, 1177; after fire years righting, subdued Uladh (i.e. Down and Antrim); married, 1180, Affreca, a daughter of the king of Man justic mr of Ireland from 1185; savagely revenged the murder of his brother Jordan by a native, 1197; outlawed in Ireland by William de Lacy, King John's officer, 1200, and his English estate forfeited; raided by Hugh de Lacy, 1203; taken prisoner by Hugh de Lacy, 1204; obtained his freedom by giving hostages; withdrew to Tyrone; submitted, and recovered his English estate, 1205; rebelled on Hugh de Lucy's being granted his lauds in Ulster, 1205; collected a pirate fleet and ravaged Antrim, but was defeated; licensed to visit England, 1207; pensioned, and in personal attendance on King John, 1210-16.

[408] Sir Peter Courten (d. 1625), baronet ; of Aldington, Northamptonshire; son of Sir William Courten or Curteene; created baronet, 1622.

[409] Sir William Courten or Curteene (1572-1636), merchant; son of a London silk merchant, a protestant refugee from Menin, Flanders; factor at Haerlem for his father's business; returned to London, 1600; partner in Council and Money, silk and linen merchants, 1606; heavily fined by the Star-chamber, 1619; had a fleet of twenty ships trading with Guinea, Spain, and the West Indies; knighted, 1622; lent large sums, never repaid, to James I and Charles I; obtained grants of Barbados (discovered by one of his ships in 1624), and sent colonists there, 1625 and 1628; his colonists forcibly expelled by the Earl of Carlisle, 1629; bought Northamptonshire estates, 1628-33; traded with the East Indies; sent to China two ships, which were lost.

[410] William Courten, the younger (d. 1655), merchant; younger son of Sir William Courten or Curteene; his East India ships seized by the Dutch, 1641; became bankrupt, 1643; withdrew to Italy; died at Florence.

[411] William Courten (1642–1702), naturalist; went sometimes by the name of Charleton; son of William Courteu the younger; studied at Montpellier; resided in England, 1663-70; tried to enforce his grandfather's claims on money lent to the crown and on Barbados, 1660 and 1677; lived abroad, 1670-84; opened botanical museum in London, 1684.

[412] Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon(d. 1509), created earl, and granted large estates in Devonshire, 1485; defended Exeter against Perkin Warbeck, 1497.

[413] Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon(1526?-l556), son of Henry Courtenay, marquis of Exeter; prisoner in the Tower, 1538-53; attainted, 1539; released and taken into favour by Queen Mary, August 1553; lived dissolutely; created Earl of Devonshire, September 1553; his attainder reversed, October 1553; disappointed in his hope of marrying Queen Mary; formed designs of marrying Princess Elizabeth and making her queen, December 1553; imprisoned, 1554; exiled, 1555; died at Padua; translated an Italian devotional treatise, 1548 (printed, 1856).

[414] Gertrude Courtenay, Marchioness of Exeter (d. 1558), daughter of William Blouut, fourth baron Mount joy; second wife of Henry Courtenay, marquis of Exeter; a devout Roman catholic; patronised Elizabeth Barton; prisoner in the Tower, 1538; attainted, 1539; her attainder reversed, 1553; lady-in-waiting to Queen Mary.

[415] Henry Courtenay, Marquis of Exeter and Earl of Devonshire (1496?–1538), son of Sir William Courtenay; cousin of Henry VIII; allowed to succeed to earldom of Devonshire, 1511; served against France, 1513; privy councillor and gentleman of the privy chamber 1520: attended Henry VIII to France, 1521; granted estates and offices, 1521-3; constable of Windsor Castle, 1525; created Marquis of Exeter, 1525; envoy to France, 1525; supported Henry VIII in his divorce proceedings, 1529-33; king's agent to seize the lands of the smaller monasteries, 1535; commissioner to try Anne Boleyn, 1636; sent to suppress the Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536; lord steward to try Thomas, lord Darcy, 1537; sent to the Tower as an aspirant to the crown, 1538; beheaded and attainted.

[416] Henry Reginald Courtenay (1741–1803), bishop of Exeter; at Westminster School, 1755-9; tutor of Christ Church, Oxford, 1763-8; M.A., 1766; D.C.L., 1774; rector of Lee, Kent, 1773; rector of St. George's, Hanover Square, 1774-1803; prebendary of Exeter, 1772-94, of Rochester, 1773-4 and 1783-97; bishop of Bristol, 1794; bishop and archdeacon of Exeter, 17971803; published sermons and charges.

[417] John Courtenay (1741–1816), politician ; private secretary to George, viscount Townshend, 1767-82; M.P., 1780-1807 and 1812; surveyor-general of the ordnance, 1783; spoke against Warren Hastings, 1786; advocated abolition of slavery; defended French revolution; published essays and verses, 1772-1811.

[418] Peter Courtenay (rf. 1492), bishop of Winchester; of the Powderham, Devonshire, family; studied at Oxford and Padua; doctor of laws; dean of Windsor, 1477; bishop of Exeter, 1478-87; attainted by Richard III for raising insurrection in the west, 1484; fled to Brittany; keeper of the privy seal to Henry VII, 1485-7; bishop of Winchester, 1487-92.

[419] Richard Courtenay (d. 1415), bishop of Norwich; of Powderham, Devonshire; studied in youth at Oxford; doctor of civil and canon law; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1394, Lincoln, 1401,~and York, 1403; precentor of Chichester, 1400; dean of St. Asaph, 1403; archdeacon of Northumberland, 1410; dean of Wells, 1410; inherited his father's lands, 1406; resided in Oxford, where he was chancellor, 1407 and 1411-12, unsuccessfully resisting, 1411, Archbishop Arundel's title to hold a metropolitan visitation of Oxford University, and organising Thomas de Cobham's library; friend to Henry V, when prince, and treasurer of his household, 1413; non-resident bishop of Norwich, 1413; envoy to France, 1414 and 1415; accompanied Henry V to France, August 1415, and died at Harfleur.

[420] Thomas Peregrine Courtenay (1782–1841), politician; younger son of Henry Reginald Courtenay; M.P., Totnes, 1810-31; secretary to the India commission, 1812-28; vice-president, board of trade, 1828-30; published pamphlets, 1808-40, Commentaries on Shakespeare's Historical Plays 1840, and a memoir of Sir William Temple, 1836.

[421] William Courtenay (1342?–1396), archbishop of Canterbury; fourth son of Hugh, second earl of Devon; studied at Oxford; doctor of canon and civil law; the first chancellor of Oxford elected independently of the bishop of Lincoln, 1367; prebendary of Exeter, Wells, and York; bishop of Hereford, 1370; opposed papal and royal exactions, 1373; bishop of London, 1375; commissioner to regulate the realm, 1376; censured for excommunicating the London Florentine merchants at the pope's bidding, 1376; proceeded against Wycliffe for heresy, 1377; lord keeper, 1381; archbishop of Canterbury, 1381; held synod to condemn Wyclifle's opinions, 1382; obtained the king'slicence to repress the lollards. 1382; crushed the lollards at Oxford, November; commenced the visitation of bis province, 1382, and persevered in it, in spite of the resistance of the bishops of Exeter and Salisbury; reproved Richard II for his bad government, 1385; one of the regents, 1386; crushed the lollards at Leicester, 1389; opposed the statute of provisors, 1390; helped to carry the statute of praemunire, 1393.

[422] Sir William Courtenay (d. 1512), courtier of Henry VII; son of Edward Courtenay, earl of Devonshire (d. 1509); K.B., 1487; attainted, 1503, as a possible claimant to the crown; prisoner in the Tower, 1503-9; allowed his succession to the earldom by Henry VIII, 1511, but died before reversal of the attainder.

[423] William Reginald Courtenay, eleventh Earl of Devon (1807–1888), politician and philanthropist; educated at Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1828; B.O.L., 1831; fellow of All Souls College, 1828-31; D.C.L., 1838; called to bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1832; conservative and Peelite M.P. for South Devon, 1841-9; secretary to pxr law board, 1850-9, and president, 1867-8; succeeded to peerage, 1859; chancellor of duchy of Lancaster, 1866-7; privy councillor, 1866.

[424] Raphael Courteville or Ralph (d. 1772), organist and political writer; author ofMemoirs of... BurK'k'h 173H; editor of the Gazetteer,* a government oruan, and so nicknamedCourt-evil He has been doubtfully identified with Ralph Courteville, formerly chorister of the Chapel Royal, composer of instrumental and vocal music, l(90-5, who was appointed organist of St. James's, Westminster, in 1691.

[425] William Courthope (1808–1866), genealogist clerk in the Heralds College, 1833; barrister, Inner Temple, 1851; Somerset herald, 1854; edited Debrett and Sir Harris Nicolas's peerages.

[426] Nathaniel Courthopp (d. 1620), sea-captain ; entered the East India Company's service, 1609; held captive by the Turks at Aden and Mocha; agent in Borneo; held Pulo Roon against the Dutch, 1616-20; killed in action.

[427] Edward Courtney (1599?–1677), Jesuit; real name LEEDES; born in Sussex; educated at St. Omer and Rome; joined the Jesuits, 1621; political prisoner in London, 1634; rector of the colleges at St. Omer, Rome, and Liege; published Latin complimentary speeches, 1621-56, and a memoir of Peter Wright, Jesuit.

[428] Kenton Couse (1721–1790), architect ; employed by the board of works; designed Richmond bridge, 1774

[429] John Cousen (1804–1880), line-engraver of landscapes: pupil of John Scott; much employed as a bookillustrator; engraved largely after Turner.

[430] Samuel Cousins (1801–1887), mezzotint engraver ; apprentice (1814) and assistant to S. W. Reynolds; engraved on his own account, 1826-83; instituted a fund for the relief of indigent artists.

[431] Walter de Coutances (de Constantiis) (d. 1207), statesman; one of Henry IPs clerks; styled chaplain of Blythe; rector of Woolpit, Suffolk; canon of Rouen, 1173; vice-chancellor of England, 1173; envoy to Flanders and to France, 1177; sealbearer to Henry II, 1180; bishop of Lincoln, 1183; archbishop of Rouen, 1184; ambassador to France, 1186 and 1188; took the cross, 1188; invested Richard I with the dukedom of Normandy, 1189; in attendance on Richard I in England and Sicily, 1189-90: sent back to govern England, 1191; took over Nottingham and other castles from Prince John; became chief justiciar (1191) in place of Longchamp, the chancellor; caused the bishop of Bath to be translated to Canterbury; caused Hubert Fitz Walter to be elected to Canterbury; drove Longchamp to Normandy and excommunicated him; made efforts to raise Richard I's ransom, 1193; joined Richard in Germany and became hostage for him, 1194; returned to Normandy, 1194; quarrelled with Richard for taking church land to build Chateau Gaillard, 1196; accepted com penRation; invested John with the dukedom of Normandy, 1199; invested Philip II of France with the dukedom, 1204.

[432] John Coutts (1699–1751), merchant; commission agent and bill negotiator, Edinburgh; lord provost, 1742-1744.

[433] Thomas Coutts (1735–1822), founder and, 1778, sole partner of the London banking firm, Coutts & Co.; fourth son of John Coutts.

[434] Morgan Cove (1763?–1830), divine; LL.B. Cambridge, 1776; D.C.L. Oxford, 1810; rector of EatonBishop, Herefordshire, 1799; prebendary of Hereford, 1800; published pamphlets on tithe, 1795 and 1800.

[435] John Covell, Covel, or Colvell (1638–1722), traveller; B.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1658; fellow; M.A., 1661; chaplain at Constantinople, 1670-6; collected plants; visited Asia Minor, 1677; travelled in Italy, 1677-9; D.D., 1679; rector of Littlebury, Essex, 1680, and of Kegworth, lyeicestcrshirc, 1681; chaplain to the Princess of Orange at the Hague, 1681-5; chancellor of York, 1687; master of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1688; published an account of the Greek church, 1722; his manuscript travels preserved in the British Museum.

[436] William Covell (d. 1614?), sub-dean of Lincoln; fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge, 1589; D.D., 1601; beneficed in Kent; sub-dean and prebendary of Lincoln; wrote in defence of Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity 1603, and of church ceremonies, 1604-6.

[437] Andrew Coventry (1764–1832), agriculturist; educated at Edinburgh University; member of Medical Society, 1782; M.D., 1783; first professor of agriculture at Edinburgh, 1790-1831; frequently arbitrated on land questions; published works on agricultural subjects.

[438] Anne, Countess of Coventry (1673–1763), author of Meditations and Reflections 1707; daughter of the first Duke of Beaufort; married, e. 1700, Thomas, second earl of Coventry (d. 1710).

[439] Anne, Countess of Coventry (1690–1788), ntfe Masters; married Gilbert, fourth earl of Coventry (d. 1719), and 1725, Edward Pytts; obtained a verdict in her favour, 1724, with reference to a settlement made on her first marriage.

[440] Francis Coventry (1598–1680). See Christopher Davenport.

[441] Francis Coventry (f. 1759?), verse-writer; M.A. Cambridge, 1752; incumbent of Edgware; published verses and satires, 1750-3.

[442] Henry Coventry (1619–1686), secretary of state; a younger son of Thomas, first baron Coventry; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford; B.C.L., 1638; attended Charles II in exile; envoy to Sweden, 1664-6 and 1671, and to Holland, 1667; secretary of state, 1672-9.

[443] Henry Coventry (d. 1752), fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge: M.A., 1733: published a theological work, Philemon to Hydaspes 1736-44.

[444] Sir John Coventry (d. 1682), after whom the Coventry Act against mutilation was named; M.P., Evesham, 1640; unseated as a royalist, 1645: K.B., 1661; M.P., Weymouth, 1667-82; waylaid by ruffians and his nose slit, 21 Dec. 1670, for having alluded to Charles IPs relations with actresses.

[445] John Coventry (1735–1812), maker of telescopes and hygrometers.

[446] Maria, Countess of Coventry(1733–1760), daughter of a poor Irish squire; a famous beauty in London, 1751; married, 1752, George William, sixth earl of Coventry.

[447] Sir Thomas Coventry (1647–1606), judge; B.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1565; fellow, 1666; barrister, Inner Temple; serjeant-at-law, 1603; justice of the common pleas and knighted, 1606. xii. 360}

[448] Thomas Coventry, first Baron Coventry (1578-1640), lord-keeper; eldest son of Sir Thomas Coventry ; entered Balliol College, Oxford, 1692; barrister, Inner Temple, 1603; recorder of London, 1616; solicitorgeneral and knighted, 1617; attorney-general, 1621: M.P., Droitwich, 1621: lord-keeper, 1625; opened the parliaments of February 1626 and March 1628: created Baron Coventry of Aylesborough, 1628; tried to mediate between Charles I and the parliamentary leaders, 1629; judge of Star-chamber; assented to the levying of shipmoney, 1634.

[449] Walter of Coventry (. 1293?), reputed author of an historical compilation, Memoriale of value for the period 1199-1225; possibly a monk of York.

[450] William of Coventry (ft. 1360). See William.

[451] Sir William Coventry (1628 P-1686), politician : n younger son of Thomas, first baron Coventry; entered Queen's College, Oxford, 1642; captain of foot in Charles I's service; withdrew to France; secretary to the Duke of York, 1660-7; M.P., Great Yarmouth, 16611679; commissioner of the navy, 1C62, and so friend of Samuel Pepys: kniphted, 1665; spoke against Clarendon, 1667; quarrelled with Buckingham: imprisoned, 1668; published pamphlets, 1673 and 1685; reputed author of Character of a Trimmer published 1688.

[452] Miles Coverdale (1488–1568), translator of the bible; studied at Cambridge (bachelor of canon law 1631); ordained priest, 1514; resident in the Austin friary, Cambridge, 1514-26: friend of Thomas Cromwell ; adopted Lutheran views; assisted Robert Barnes in his defence on a charge of heresy, 1626; preached against images; went abroad; published translations of two theological tracts, 1534; translated at Antwerp, apparently in the pay of Jacob van Meteren, the bible and Apocrypha from German (Zurich, 1531), and from Latin versions with aid of Tyndale's New Testament; his translation first printed perhaps by Christopher Froschouer of Zurich, and brought into Englauc by James Nicolson of South wark, 1635; modified his version. 1537; translated theological tracts, 1537; superintended the printing of the 1539Great Bibleat Paris, 1838-9, and in London, 1539; superintended Cranmer's Bible 1640; publishedGoostly Psalmes translations from German hymns, e. 1540; went abroad, 1540; D.D. Tubingen; pastor and schoolmaster at Bergzabern in Deux- Fonts, 1543-7, under the name of Michael Anglus returned to England, 1548; employed to preach against anabaptists, 1549-50, and the Devonshire insurgents, 1551, and to visit Magdalen College, Oxford, 1551; translated theological tracts, 1550; bishop of Exeter, 1551-3 allowed to leave England, 1554; returned to Bergzabern. in Geneva, 1558; returned to England: joined in the consecration of Archbishop Parker, 1559; D.D. Cambridge, 1563; published Letters of Saintes his last book, 1564; rector of St. Magnus, London Bridge, 1563; resigned for puritanical reasons, 1566; preached privately in London, 1567-8; his collected works published, 1844-6.

[453] James Coward (1824–1880), organist; chorister of Westminster Abbey; organist at Lambeth and other churches; organist of the Crystal Palace; composed glees, songs, and other music.

[454] William Coward (1657?–1725), physician; scholar of Wadhain College, Oxford, 1675; fellow of Merton, 1680; M.D., 1687; practitioner in Northampton, and, 1693-1706, in London; published medical tracts; rendered notorious by his Second Thoughts concerning Human Soul 1702, arguing its mortality, The Grand Essay 1704, and The Just Scrutiny and Ophthalmoiatria 1706, deistical pamphlets; published didactic poems, 1705 and 1709.

[455] William Coward (d. 1738), London merchant and Jamaica planter; provided funds for courses of nonconformist sermons in London, 1730-5; bequeathed money for the education of nonconformist ministers.

[456] Cowden-Clarke. See Charles Cowden Clarke, Mary Cowden Clarke.

[457] John Cowell (1554–1611), civilian ; educated at Eton, and, 1570, King's College, Cambridge; LL.D.; advocate of DoctorsCommons, 1584; regius professor of civil law, Cambridge, 1594-1610; master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 1698-1611; vicar-general of the archbishop of Canterbury, 1608; published Institutiones Juris Anglicani 1605, and "The Interpreter a law dictionary, 1607, censured for its absolutist opinions, 1610.

[458] Joseph Leathley Cowell (1792–1863), actor; real name, Hawkins Witchett; midshipman, royal navy, 1805-9; first appeared (1812) on the Plymouth stage; acted in London and the provinces till 1821; scene-painter; acted in the United States, 1821-46; published an autobiography, 1844.

[459] Samuel Houghton Cowell (1820–1864), actor ; son of Joseph Leathley Cowell; taken to America, 1822; appeared on the stage at Boston, 1829; acted in most American theatres: came to Edinburgh and became a favourite comic singer between acts: acted in London, Glasgow, Belfast, and Dublin; confined himself latterly to character singing wrote songs,

[460] Sir Joseph Cowen (1800–1873), radical M.P. for Newcastle, 1865-73.

[461] Joseph Cowen (1831–1900), politician and jouruuliat; ecu of Sir Joseph Cowcu; educated at Edin burgh University; interested himself in revolutionary movements on the continent, 18-18, and became active supporter of chartists and member of northern reform league (founded 1858); contributor to, and subsequently was proprietor and editor of, Newcastle Chronicle; established monthly Northern Tribune libenil M.P. for Newcastle, 1873-85.

[462] William Cowen (fl. 1811–1860), painUr and etcher; sketched in Great Britain, Switzerland, Italy, and (1840) Corsica; exhibited landscapes, 1811-60; published etchings, 1817-48; wrote Six Weeks in Corsica j 1848.

[463] William Cowherd (1763–1816), founder of the Bible Christians or Cowherdites; tutor in a dissenting academy; Swedenborgian preacher in Manchester; built a chapel in Salford, in which he preached as a Swedenborgian, 1800-9, but afterwards founded a new church, requiring vegetarianism and teetotalism; opened a boarding school, 1810; a dispensing chemist, known as Dr. Cowherd; published hymns for the use of his sect.

[464] Benjamin Morgan Cowie (1816–1900), dean of Exeter; senior wrangler, St. John's College, Cambridge, 1839; M.A., 1842; B.D., 1855; D.D., 1880; fellow, 1839-43; entered Lincoln's Inn, 1837; ordained priest, 1842; principal ami senior mathematical lecturer at college for civil engineers, Putney, 1844-51; select preacher at Cambridge, 1852 and 1866; Hulsean lecturer, 1853 and 1854; professor of geometry, Gresham College, London, 1855; fifth minor canon and succentor of St. Paul's Cathedral, 1856; rector of St. Lawrence Jewry, 1857; chaplain in ordinary to the queen, 1871; dean of Manchester, 1872, and of Exeter, 1883; published religious works.

[465] Robert Cowie (1842–1874), author of ' Shetland, Descriptive and Historical; M.A. Aberdeen; M.D. Edinburgh; practitioner in Lerwick.

[466] Cowley first EARL (1804–1884). See Henry Richard Charles Wellesley.

[467] Baron Cowley (1773–1847). See Henry Wellesley.

[468] Abraham Cowley (1618–1667), poet: king's scholar at Westminster; published Poetical Blossoms 1633, and Sylva 1636; scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1637; fellow, 1640; M.A., 1642; published Love's Riddle a pastoral drama, 1638; brought out, at Cambridge, Naufragiuui Joculare a Latin comedy, 1638, and The Guardian a comedy, 1641; ejected by the parliament, 1644; resided in St. John's College, Oxford; went to France, 1646; publishedThe Mistress poems, 1647, andMiscellanies with other poems, including four books of the Davideis a sacred epic, 1656; cipher secretary to Queen Henrietta Maria, c. 1647; royalist spy in England, 1666; M.D. Oxford, 1667; withdrew to France; published odes on the Restoration and against Cromwell, 1660-1; was refused the mastership of the Savoy, 1661; P.R.S.; published Verses upon several Occasions 1663: a competence provided for him by Earl of St. Albans and Dukeof Buckingham; his collected works published 1668.

[469] Hannah Cowley (1743–1809), dramatist; mfe Parkhouse; married, c. 1768; brought out thirteen dramatic pieces, 1776-95, includingThe Belle's Stratagem 1782; published poems, 1780-94; contributed weekly sentimental verses to the World as Anna Matilda

[470] Sir Charles Cowper (1807–1876), Australian statesman; son of William Cowper (1780-1858); born in Lancashire: government clerk in New South Wales, 1825-33; sheep farmer; uiemtjer of the legislature, c. 1843; advocated colonial railways, 1846; opposed further transportation of convicts, 1850; several times minister, 1856-70: agent-general for New South Wales, 1870: knighted, 1872.

[471] Douglas Cowper (1817–1839), painter; art student in London; exhibited, 1837-9.

[472] Ebenezer Cowper ( 1804–1880), manufacturer of printing machines in partnership with his brother Edward Cowper.

[473] Edward Cowper (1790–1852), inventor; patented a wall-paper printing machine, J816; a printer, 1818: patented process for simultaneously printing both sides of paper, 1818; invented, jointly with Augustus Applegarth, the newspaper four-cylinder press, 1827.

[474] Henry Cowper (1758–1840), lawyer ; barrister, Middle Temple, 1775; published law report*, 1783; clerk of the House of Lords.

[475] Mary Cowper , first Countess Cowper (1685–1724), nfe Olavering; married William, first earl Cowper q. v.l, 1706; lady of the bedchamber to the Princess of Wales, 1714; her diary published, 1864.

[476] Spencer Cowper (1669–1727), judge; educated at Westminster; barrister; controller of the Bridge House estates, 1690; acquitted of the murder of Sarah Stout of Hertford, 1699; M.P., Beeralston, 1705, 1708, Truro, 1711; chief- Justice of Chester, 1717; justice of common pleas, 1727

[477] Spencer Cowper (1713–1774), dean of Durham, 1746-74; youngest son of William, first earl Cowper ; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1734; D.D., 1746; rector of Fordwich, Kent; published sermons.

[478] William Cowper or Couper (1568–1619), bishop of Galloway; M.A. St. Andrews, 1583; usher at Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire; minister of Bothkennar, Stirlingshire. 1587, and at Perth, 1595; assented to episcopacy, 1608; dean of the Chapel Royal, Edinburgh, and bishop of Galloway, 1612-19; published devotional tracts, 1611-18; his works published, 1623.

[479] William Cowper or Cooper (1666–1709), surgeon; surgeon's apprentice in London, 1682; qualified as a surgeon, 1691; practised in London; F.R.S., 1696; published (1694) Myotomia Reforuiata a treatise on the muscles, and (1698) The Anatomy of Humane Bodies; defended himself, 1701, against Godefridus Bid loo, a Leyden professor; published, 1702, a description of Cowper's glands; contributed to medical journals.

[480] William Cowper , first Earl Cowper (d. 1723), barrister, Middle Temple, 1688; volunteered for the Prince of Orange, November 1688; recorder of Colchester, 1694; M.P n Hertford, 1695 and 1698, Beeralston, 1701; crown prosecutor, 1694-9; lord-keeper, 1705; a commissioner for the union with Scotland, April 1706; succeeded as second baronet, 1706; created Baron Oowper, November 1706; first lord chancellor of Great Britain, May 1707-September 1710; presided at Sacheverell's trial, 1710; spoke in the whig interest in the Lordsdebates, 1711-14; helped to dismiss Bolingbroke from the secretaryship of state, 1714; again lord chancellor, 1714-18; wrote out a description of English parties for George I's guidance, 1714; presided at the trial of the Earl of Winton for rebellion, 1716; supported the Mutiny bill, 1718; created Earl Oowper, 1718; took a leading part in the Lords debates, 1718-23.

[481] William Cowper (1701–1767), antiquary; studied medicine at Leyden, 1719; medical practitioner at Chester; published a life of St. Werburgh, 1749, and II Penseroso: an Evening's Contemplation in... Chester 1767; left manuscript collections relating to Chester and Cheshire.

[482] William Cowper (1731–1800), poet ; son of John Oowper, rector of Great Berkhampstead; barbarously treated at a private school, 1737-8, in Hertfordshire: at Westminster School, 1741-9; articled to a solicitor, 17601752; took chambers in the Middle Temple, 1752; first attacked by melancholia, c. 1753; barrister. Middle Temple, 1754; proposed to marry his cousin, Theodora Jane Oowper (d. 1824), but his Intention frustrated by her father, who had noticed Cowper's morbidity, 1756; contributed verses to various papers, 1756-61; a commissioner of bankrupts, 1759-64; offered a clerkship of the House of Lords by his cousin, William Oowper, clerk of the parliaments, 1763; thrown into a nervous fever by fear of opposition to his appointment; tried to commit suicide; an inmate of Nathaniel Cotton's private asylum, 1763-5; a boarder in Morley Unwin's house at Huntingdon, 1765; ceased corresponding with his cousin Harriet (d. 1807), wife of Sir Thomas Hesketh, in consequence of her indifference to his new pietistic zeal; removed with Mary, Morley Unwin's widow, to Olney, 1767; lay-reader and district visitor to John Newton, the evangelical curate of Olney; composed hymns (sixty-seven appearing in Newton's Olney Hymns 1779); became engaged to I Mrs. Unwin; again deranged, 1773; a guest in Newton's house, 1773-4; recovered before 1776; acquainted with William Bull; wrote much verse, 1777-81; published Anti-Thelyphthora 1781, against hia cousiu Martin Madan's Thelyphthora; published poems, 1782; at the suggestion of Ann (d. 1802), widow of Sir Robert I Austen, wrote John GUpin November 1782, and The Task 1783; quarrelled, through Mrs. Unwin's jealousy, with Lady Austen, 1784; began to translate Homer, 1784; resumed his correspondence with Lady Hesketh, October 1786; again became insane, 1787, and never entirely recovered; published his translation of Homer by subscription, 1791; undertook to edit Milton; received a government pension, 1794; removal by his cousin, John Johnson, with Mrs. Unwin (d. 1796), to East Dereham, Norfolk, 1796; wrote The Castaway 1798. His life was written by William Hayley, 1803; his Milton papers published, 1808-10, his letters, 1824, and his complete works 1834-7.

[483] William Cowper (1780–1858), Australian divine ; born in Lancashire; incumbent of St. Philip's, Sydney, 1809; archdeacon, 1848.

[484] William Francis Cowper (afterwards Cowper-Temple), Baron Mount-Temple (1811–1888), educated at Eton; cornet in royal horse guards, 1827; lieutenant, 1832; brevet major, 1852; M.P. for Hertford, 1835-63, and South Hampshire, 1868-80; junior lord of treasury, 1841; lord of admiralty, 1846-52, and 1852-5; under-secretary for home affairs, 1855; president of board of health and privy councillor, 1855; vice-president of committee of council on education, 1857-8, and of board of trade, 1859; commissioner of works, 1860-6; raised to peerage, 1880.

[485] Robert Cowton (ft. 1300), Franciscan ; educated at Oxford and Paris; D.D. of the Sorbonne; confessor in Oxfordshire, 1300; wrote scholastic treatises; traditionally known as doctor amoeuus

[486] Captain Cox , of Coventry (ft. 1575), collector of ballads and romances; present at Kenilworth on Queen Elizabeth's visit, 1575.

[487] Anne Cox (1766–1830). See Anne Woodrooffe.

[488] Benjamin Cox, coxe, or Cockes (fl. 1646), baptist minister; entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1609; M.A. Broadgates Hall, 1617; beneficed in Devonshire; retracted puritan opinions, 1639; baptist preacher at Bedford; imprisoned at Coventry, 1643; baptist preacher in London, 1645; conformed, 1662; again became a baptist; published controversial tracts, 1645-6.

[489] Daniel Cox (d. 1750), physician; M.D. St. Andrews, 1742; physician to the Middlesex Hospital, 17461749; published medical tracts.

[490] David Cox (1783–1859), landscape-painter in water-colours; son of a Birmingham blacksmith; taught drawing by Joseph Barber; apprenticed to a Birmingham locket-painter; assistant to De Maria, an Italian scene-painter; scene-painter in London, 1804; sold sketches of Thames scenery near London; sketched in Wales, 1805-6; drawing-master at Dulwich; drawn for the militia, and forced to leave home; went to Hastings, 1812, and sketched in oils; drawing-master at Hereford, 1 814-26, making summer sketching-tours; began to etch on copper, 1812: published A Treatise on Landscape Painting 1814,Lessons in Landscape 1816, Views of Bath 1820, and Young Artists Companion 1826: taught by W. J. Muller to paint in oils, 1839; removed to neighbourhood of Birmingham, 1841, visiting Bettws-y-Coed yearly (1844-56); his merits unrecognised during his lifetime.

[491] David Cox, the younger (1809–1886), water-colour painter; only child of David Cox (1783-1869); educated at Hereford; exhibited in London, 1827.

[492] Edward William Cox (1809–1879% serjeant-atlaw; educated at Taunton; published verses, 1829-30: barrister, Middle Temple, 1843; proprietor and conductor of the Law Times 1843-79, the County Courts Chronicle 1846, theField theQueen 1861, and other periodicals; recorder of Falmoutb, 1857-68: M.P., 1865; serjeant-at-law. 1868; recorder of Portsmouth, 1868-79; publishal law reports and legal treatises, 1846-78, political pamphlets, 1852-66, and spiritualistic pamphlets, 1877-8.

[493] Francis Augustus Cox (1783–1853), baptist preacher; a wealthy man: M.A. Edinburgh; baptist minister in Northamptonshire, 1806, and at Hackney, 1811-53; honorary LL.D. Glasgow, 1824; librarian of London University, 1828; published biographical and biblical works.

[494] George Valentine Cox (1786–1875), author of Recollections of Oxford 1868: M.A. New College, Oxford, 1808; an esquire bedell of Oxford University, 18061866; published a norel, 1837, and translations of German works ou ancient history, 1845-51.

[495] Leonard Cox (fl. 1572), schoolmaster ; B.A. Cambridge: asked M.A. at Oxford, 1530; schoolmaster at Reading, 1541-6; travelled: taught school at Caerleon; schoolmaster at Coventry, 1672; published Rhetoryke, 1524, a grammatical tract, 1540, and translations.

[496] Richard Cox (1500–1581), bishop of Ely : educated at Eton: fellow of King's College, Cambridge: B.A., 1524; canon of Wolsey's Oxford college, 1526; M.A. Oxford, 1526; head-master of Eton; D.D. Cambridge, 1537; favourite of Archbishop Cranmer; prebendary of Lincoln, 1642-7; lord almoner; tutor to Prince Edward, 1644-50; dean of Osney, 1544, and of Christ Church, Oxford, 1547-53; vice-chancellor of Oxford, 1547-52, destroying popish statues, pictures, and books; rector of Harrow, 1547; canon of Windsor, 1548; on the commission to draw up the English liturgy, 1 548-50; dean of Westminster, 1549; imprisoned, 1553; in exile, 1554-8, chiefly living at Frankfort, where he led the opposition to John Knox: one of the commission to visit Oxford University, 1559; bishop of Norwich, 1559: bishop of Ely, 1559-80; alienated much property of the see to court favourites; resigned, 1580.

[497] Sir Richard Cox (1650–1733), Irish judge; a strong protestant; an Irish attorney; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1673; practised law in Ireland; withdrew to Bristol, 1685; wrote in favour of the Prince of Orange, 1689; published a trite history of Ireland, 1689-90; present at the Boyne, 1690; justice of the common pleas, 1690; military governor of Cork, 1691-2; Irish privy councillor and knighted, 1692; removed from the privy council for urging observance of the treaty of Limerick, 1695; published pamphlets on Irish affairs, 1696-8; chief-justice of the common pleas, 1701-3: lord chancellor, 1703-7; created baronet, 1706; publishal theological tracts, 17091713; chief-justice of the queen's bench, 1711-14.

[498] Robert Cox (1810–1872), anti-Sabbatarian writer; writer to the signet, Edinburgh; edited the Phrenological Journal; advocated Sunday trains, 1850; published treatises on the Sabbath question, 1853-65.

[499] Samuel Cox (1826–1893), theological writer; apprenticed at London docks: studied for baptist ministry at Stepney College; pastor of baptist chapel, St. Paul's Square, Southsea, 1852, at Ryde, 1854-9, and at Mansfield Road, Nottingham, 1863-88; contributed to religious periodicals; editor of the Expositor 1875-84; D.D. St. Andrews, 1882; published numerous theological works, of which the most influential was Salvator Mundi 1877.

[500] Thomas Cox (d. 1734), topographer; rector of Chignal-Smealy, 1680-1704: vicar of Broomfleld, 16851734, and rector of Stock- Harvard, Essex, 1703-34; published translations ami sermons, 1694-1726; edited a meritorious recension of Camden's Britannia 1720-31.

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