Georges Giraud

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Georges Giraud
Born(1889-07-22)22 July 1889[1]
Saint-Étienne[2]
Died16 March 1943(1943-03-16) (aged 53)
Bonny-sur-Loire
NationalityFrench
Alma materÉcole Normale Supérieure 1915
Known for
Awards
Scientific career
InstitutionsUniversité Clermont-Ferrand (now Université Blaise Pascal).
Doctoral advisorCharles Émile Picard

Georges Julien Giraud[3] (22 July 1889[1] – 16 March 1943) was a French mathematician, working in potential theory, partial differential equations, singular integrals and singular integral equations:[4] he is mainly known for his solution of the regular oblique derivative problem and also for his extension to n–dimensional (n ≥ 2) singular integral equations of the concept of symbol of a singular integral, previously introduced by Solomon Mikhlin.[5]

Biography[edit]

Honors[edit]

Georges Giraud a été plusieurs fois lauréat de notre Académie.[6]

— Élie Cartan, (Cartan 1943, p. 518).

The scientific work of Georges Giraud was widely acknowledged and earned him several prizes, mainly, but not exclusively, awarded him by the French Academy of Sciences: he was seven times recipient of academy prizes.

In 1919, he was awarded the "Prix Francœur" for his work on the theory of automorphic functions:[7] the members of the commission who examined his work and nominated him were Camille Jordan, Paul Appell, Marie Georges Humbert, Jacques Hadamard, Édouard Goursat, Joseph Boussinesq, Léon Lecornu and Emile Picard (the relator).[8] For the same motivation,[9] On 17 December 1923 he was awarded the "Gustave Roux" prize.[10]

In 1924 he won the Hirn Foundation Prize, for his whole scientific work:[11] he won again the same prize in 1935,[12] for his work on singularities of boundary value problems in the theory of partial differential equations.[13]

In 1928 Giraud won the "Grand Prix des sciences Mathématiques" for his work in the theory of partial differential equations:[14] for the same motivation, in 1930 he was also awarded the "Prix Houllevigue".[15] In the same year, he was also awarded the prize of the Lasserre foundation.[16]

In 1933 he was recipient of the Prix Saintour, for his work on partial differential and integral equations.[17]

Finally, in 1935, apart from winning the Hirn foundation prize for a second time,[12] he was awarded the prize of the Annali della Reale Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, equally divided between him, Guido Ascoli and Pietro Buzano:[18] the members of the jury who awarded ex-aequo the prize were Guido Fubini, Mauro Picone and Giovanni Sansone.[19]

On 14 December 1936, following up a proposal Jacques Hadamard made since 1931,[20] he was elected corresponding member of the French Academy of Sciences.[21]

He was also a member of the Société Mathématique de France from 1913 to his death.[22]

Selected publications[edit]

Articles[edit]

  • Giraud, Georges (1915), "Sur une classe de groupes discontinus de transformations birationnelles quadratiques et sur les fonctions de trois variables indépendantes restant invariables par ces transformations" [On a class of discontinuous groups of birational quadratic transformations and the functions of three independent variables which are invariant respect to these transformations], Annales Scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure, Série 3 (in French), 32: 237–403, doi:10.24033/asens.688, JFM 45.1410.03.
  • Giraud, Georges (1934), "Équations à intégrales principales; étude suivie d'une application" [Principal integral equations; a study followed by an application], Annales Scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure, 3 (in French), 51: 251–372, doi:10.24033/asens.842, MR 1509344, Zbl 0011.21604, available at NUMDAM. This is one of the first papers, together with independent works of Francesco Tricomi and Solomon Mikhlin, dealing with the multidimensional theory of singular integrals.
  • Giraud, Georges (29 June 1936), "Sur une classe générale d'équations à intégrales principales" [On a general class of principal integral equations], Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences (in French), 202, Paris: 2124–2127, JFM 62.0498.01, Zbl 0014.30903, available at Gallica. In this short note, Giraud extends (without proof) the formula for the composition of two 2-dimensional singular integral operators using their symbols, introduced shortly before by Solomon Grigor'evich Mikhlin, to higher dimensional singular integrals.

Books[edit]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b According to the brief commemoration by Bertrand (1943b, p. 629): the "Georges Giraud" entry in the Enciclopedia Treccani states that he was born on 11 July 1889, and Tampieri (2014, p. 88) uses this source.
  2. ^ According to Bertrand (1943b, p. 629) and to the "Georges Giraud" entry in the Enciclopedia Treccani.
  3. ^ According to the year 1939 list of corresponding members of the "Geometry" section of the French Academy, this was his full name: however, he simply sign himself as "Georges Giraud" in all his scientific works.
  4. ^ See (Tricomi 1967, p. 21) and (Tampieri 2014, p. 89 and p. 90).
  5. ^ He announced his results in the short communication (Giraud 1936), without proof and acknowledging the previous work of Mikhlin. As a matter of fact, it was Mikhlin who gave the first proofs of these formulas, completing his work on the 2-dimensional theory: see (Mikhlin 1965, p. 9) or the entry "Singular integrals" for a comprehensive historical survey.
  6. ^ (English translation): "Georges Giraud was several times recipient of our Academy".
  7. ^ See the 22 December 1919 relation on the Prix Francœur in the "Comptes rendus".
  8. ^ Ibid. (1919, p. 1202).
  9. ^ See the 17 December 1923 relation on the Prix Gustave Roux in the "Comptes rendus", and reference (AMS 1924, p. 282).
  10. ^ According to the 17 December 1923 relation on the Prix Gustave Roux in the "Comptes rendus", the members of the examining commission were Albin Haller, Guillaume Bigourdan, Antoine Lacroix, Léon Guignard, Paul Appell, and Emile Picard again as the relator.
  11. ^ See the 22 December 1924 relation on the Hirn Foundation prize in the "Comptes rendus", and reference (AMS 1925, p. 282). According to the first reference, the amount of the prize was 2500 French francs.
  12. ^ a b See the 16 December 1935 relation on the Hirn Foundation prize in the "Comptes rendus", and reference (AMS 1936, p. 172).
  13. ^ "..., pour sex travaux sul les singularités dans les problèmes aux limites de la théorie des équations aux dérivées partielles", as it is precisely stated in the relation on the 1935 Hirn Foundation prize.
  14. ^ See the 17 December 1928 relation on the Gran Prix des sciences mathématiques in the "Comptes rendus", and reference (AMS 1929, p. 281).
  15. ^ See the 15 December 1930 relation on the Prix Houllevigue in the "Comptes rendus", and reference (AMS 1931, p. 281).
  16. ^ See (AMS 1931, p. 281).
  17. ^ See the 11 December 1933 relation on the Prix Saintour in the "Comptes rendus", and reference (AMS 1934, p. 205).
  18. ^ See (AMS 1936, p. 178) and (Tonelli 1936, p. III).
  19. ^ According to (Tonelli 1936), who reports excerpts from the conclusive relation of the jury. (Tonelli 1936, p. IV) states also that the amount of the prize awarded to each of the three winners was 2000 Italian Liras.
  20. ^ See (Tampieri 2014, p. 89). Precisely, Jacques Hadamard presented Giraud for the election as corresponding member of the French Academy for three times, the first two being on 12 and on 26 January 1931.
  21. ^ See the obituary notices by Cartan (1943, p. 518), Bertrand (1943b, p. 629) and Tampieri (2014, p. 89), and also the 14 December 1936 announcement of his election reporting the detailed election results.
  22. ^ See reference (SMF 1946, p. 2).

References[edit]

Biographical references[edit]

General references[edit]

References describing the scientific contributions of Giraud[edit]

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