Viral gametocytic hypertrophy
Viral gametocytic hypertrophy is a pathological condition observed in the Pacific oyster.
The condition was first discovered in Maine in 1973,[1] and was later observed in Germany[2] Ireland,[3] Spain[4] and South Korea.[5] It is also known as ovacystis disease, and similar ailments but with no evidence of viruses have been identified in the European flat oyster, mangrove cupped oyster, Sydney rock oyster and Ostrea conchaphila.[6]
It involves the presence of basophilic inclusions in the gonads and the presence of virus particles that have been classified as papovaviruses/[5] papillomaviruses-polyomaviruses. They may be propagated during spawning or by vertical transmission,[1] lack an envelope[6] and have an icosahedral shape.[4] Ovocytes appear to be among the infected cells and their nuclei are hypertrophic, and the host does not noticeably respond with an immune response.[3] A hypertrophy has also been observed in spermatocytes;[2] in general an enlargement of the gametes is observed.[1] Such viruses have been found in Australian and North American oysters as well. The health of the oysters is not noticeably affected by viral gametocytic hypertrophy.[5][3][1][4]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d Garcia, Céline; Robert, Maeva; Arzul, Isabelle; Chollet, Bruno; Joly, Jean-Pierre; Miossec, Laurence; Comtet, Thierry; Berthe, Franck (23 June 2006). "Viral gametocytic hypertrophy of Crassostrea gigas in France: from occasional records to disease emergence?". Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 70 (3): 193–199. doi:10.3354/dao070193. ISSN 0177-5103. PMID 16903230.
- ^ a b Watermann, B. T.; Herlyn, M.; Daehne, B.; Bergmann, S.; Meemken, M.; Kolodzey, H. (1 August 2008). "Pathology and mass mortality of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), in 2005 at the East Frisian coast, Germany". Journal of Fish Diseases. 31 (8): 621–630. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00953.x. ISSN 1365-2761. PMID 18700939.
- ^ a b c Cheslett, D; Mc Kiernan, F; Hickey, C; Collins, E (25 February 2009). "Viral gametocytic hypertrophy of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in Ireland". Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 83 (3): 181–185. doi:10.3354/dao02020. hdl:10379/10764. PMID 19402451.
- ^ a b c Iglesias, David; Rodríguez, Luis; Gómez, Luis; Azevedo, Carlos; Montes, Jaime (November 2012). "Histological survey of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) in Galicia (NW Spain)". Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 111 (3): 244–251. doi:10.1016/j.jip.2012.08.015. ISSN 0022-2011. PMID 22985902.
- ^ a b c Choi, Dong Lim; Lee, Nam-Sil; Choi, Hee Jung; Park, Myoung-Ae; McGladdery, Sharon E.; Park, Mi Seon (11 June 2004). "Viral gametocytic hypertrophy caused by a papova like virus infection in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in Korea". Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 59 (3): 205–209. doi:10.3354/dao059205. ISSN 0177-5103. PMID 15264716.
- ^ a b Chong, Roger Sie-Maen (1 January 2022). "Viral gametocytic hypertrophy (oysters)". Aquaculture Pathophysiology. Academic Press. pp. 493–497.