User:Viceskeeni2/sandbox

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The Karabakh genocide (Azerbaijani: Qarabağ Faciəsi) was the mass killing and forceful expulsion of Azerbaijani civilians living in and outside of Nagorno-Karabakh by Armenian seperatists, predominantly in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.

Before the First Nagorno-Karabakh war, the majority of people living in Nagorno-Karabakh were ethnic Armenians, although there were a few outliers with the majority being ethnic Azerbaijanis like Shusha or Khojaly. In the war, Armenian seperatist forces, with the help of Armenia, occupied almost all of Nagorno-Karabakh and also 7 provinces outside Nagorno-Karabakh, which were all almost completely populated by Azerbaijanis and Kurds, under the justification of a "security belt" for Nagorno-Karabakh.[1] All Azerbaijanis and Kurds were brutally forced out of those regions, not having time to take important necessities with them and having to abandon their houses because of Armenian forces "hunting them down" to the forests while they were fleeing.[2][3][4]

The biggest mass killing of Azerbaijani civilians was the Khojaly massacre in February of 1992, at the start of the war. The number of fatalities in this massacre range from more than to 500 to over 1,000, although the official number of deaths is ca. 613.[5][6][7]

All together, thousands of Azerbaijanis, ranging from 16,000[8] to 30,000,[9] were killed, while 724,000[10] to over a Million[11] were expelled and displaced.

Background[edit]

Main articles: First Nagorno-Karabakh War and 1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert

The first killings of civilians in Nagorno-Karabakh started in 1988, when ethnic Armenians in the region called for a complete swap of authority over Nagorno-Karabakh, from the Azerbaijani SSR to the Armenian SSR. In September 1988, Armenians and Azerbaijanis started using violence against each other resulting in the over 3,100 Azerbaijanis of Khankendi being expelled, while the Armenians of Shusha were also expelled.[12]

In 1991 both Armenia and Azerbaijan declared independence from the Soviet Union, short before it collapsed. The same year, both countries put claims on the region of Nagorno-Karabakh and in December the ethnic Armenians held an "illegal referendum" boycotted by the Karabakh Azerbaijanis, on joining the Republic of Armenia.[13] The next year, total war over Nagorno-Karabakh started.

First Nagorno-Karabakh War and ethnic cleansing[edit]

Over the course of the first war, Armenian seperatists occupied Nagorno-Karabakh and parts of 7 provinces around it as a "security belt", resulting in the expulsion of the Azerbaijani population, which was the majority in that area, and dozens of war crimes.

Kalbajar[edit]

The Kalbajar District was mostly populated by ethnic Azerbaijanis before the war. After the Battle of Kalbajar in 1993, all of the 60,000 Azerbaijanis and Kurds in the region were forcefully expelled by Armenian forces,[14] while 80 of them were taken hostage.[15] But one of the most famous massacres against Azerbajani civilians in Kalbajar took place in Aghdaban, when Armenian forces, under the command of Monte Melkonian[16], attacked the village and massacred its population, resulting in the deaths of 67-779 people according to Azerbaijan.[17] Another massacre that took place in Kalbajar, was the Bashlybel massacre, where Armenian forces killed 12 people while taking 14 hostage.[18]

Lachin[edit]

The Lachin District was also mostly populated by Azerbaijanis and Kurds like Kalbajar. Around 47.100 Kurds and Azerbaijan were expelled from the region.[19] An unknown number of people also died in a massacre in the village of Zabukh after the village was seized by Armenian forces.[20]

Qubadli[edit]

The Qubadli District was populated by mostly Azerbaijanis. Although there are no specifically documented massacres against Azerbaijani civilians in Qubadli, the 28,000 Azerbaijanis in the region were forcefully displaced from the region.

Khojavend[edit]

Unike the other ones, the Khojavend District was mostly populated by Armenians, although it had a wide Azerbaijani minority. Still, one of the worst massacres in the entire conflict took place in the village of Garadaghly in the Khojavend District. In February 1992, after Armenian seperatists under the command of Monte Melkonian occupied the town, around 53 people, mostly civilians, were taken hostage. According to Melkonian's brother, 20 people had already died in the attack and afterwards the Armenian soldiers began stabbing, shooting and killing their captives. Several captives were also burned alive with the Armenians tossing gasoline over them. The deaths amounted to around 73 people.[21][22][23][24] The 10,020 Azerbaijanis in the region were expelled.[25]

Shusha[edit]

Although Shusha was in the Armenian-populated Nagorno-Karabakh, both the district and city were populated by mostly Azerbaijanis before the war. After the war, the whole Azerbaijani population of Shusha was displaced mounting up to 15,000 people.[26][27] All that was left were ruins and some Armenian settlers. 3 different massacres, that erupted in the Shusha district, took place in the villages of Malibeyli, Yukhari Gushchular and Ashaghi Gushchular. According to Memorial, more than 24 people died in the massacre.[28]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Episkopos, Mark (2020-12-20). "Nagorno-Karabakh and the Fresh Scars of War". The National Interest. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
  2. ^ rstml (2020-10-01). "Karabakh in Western Media – 1992". Karabakh.org. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
  3. ^ LucciCP0 (2020-10-23). "The Independent, 1992: „Azeris hunted down and shot in the forest"". r/azerbaijan. Retrieved 2024-05-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ "Azerbaijan: Seven Years of Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh": https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/AZER%20Conflict%20in%20N-K%20Dec94.pdf
  5. ^ "Response to Armenian Government Letter on the town of Khojaly, Nagorno-Karabakh". hrw.org. Human Rights Watch. 23 March 1997. Retrieved 25 February 2021. Yet we place direct responsibility for the civilian deaths with Karabakh Armenian forces.
  6. ^ "Human Rights Watch World Report 1993 – The Former Soviet Union". Hrw.org. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  7. ^ "Wayback Machine". web.archive.org. 2016-01-11. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
  8. ^ "Civil War: Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (1992–1994)". Omnilogos. 13 June 2020.
  9. ^ https://www.reuters.com/world/what-is-happening-between-armenia-azerbaijan-over-nagorno-karabakh-2023-09-19/ "About 30,000 people were killed"
  10. ^ "Gefährliche Töne im "Frozen War"". Wiener Zeitung. 2 January 2013. Archived from the original on 11 January 2013.
  11. ^ https://www.reuters.com/world/what-is-happening-between-armenia-azerbaijan-over-nagorno-karabakh-2023-09-19/ "and more than a million displaced."
  12. ^ Bakinskiy Rabochiy (27 November 1988). "JPRS report. Soviet Union. Political affairs / Foreign Broadcast Information Service". Political Affairs. The Service: 156.
  13. ^ ch, Beat Müller, beat (at-sign) sudd (dot) (1991-12-10). "Berg-Karabach (Aserbaidschan), 10. Dezember 1991 : Unabhängigkeit -- [in German]". www.sudd.ch. Retrieved 2024-05-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Azerbaijan: Seven years of conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. New York: Human Rights Watch. 1994. pp. 14. ISBN 1-56432-142-8. An estimated 60,000 individuals — equally divided among Kurds and Azeris — lived in Kelbajar province before the offensive. In the space of a week, 60,000 people were forced to flee their homes. Today all are displaced, and Kelbajar stands empty and looted.
  15. ^ Azerbaijan: Seven years of conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. New York: Human Rights Watch. 1994. p. 24. ISBN 1-56432-142-8. Eighty civilians, however, were taken hostage and sent to Stepanakert to be exchanged for Armenians in Azeri captivity; some 150 soldiers were captured.
  16. ^ Melkonian. My Brother's Road, 243.
  17. ^ "Ağdaban faciəsi | Azərbaycan Respublikası Kəlbəcər Rayon İcra Hakimiyyəti". kelbecer-ih.gov.az. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
  18. ^ "30 years since the Bashlybel tragedy [VIDEO]". Azernews.Az. 2023-04-18. Retrieved 2024-05-25.
  19. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20220327170734/https://virtualaz.org/aktual/153464
  20. ^ zoneUTC+4, Zabukh / Aghavno Zabux / ԱղավնոZabukh / AghavnoShow map of AzerbaijanZabukh / AghavnoShow map of East Zangezur Economic RegionCoordinates: 39°35′23″N 46°32′36″ECountryAzerbaijan • DistrictLachinPopulation• Total~165Time. "Wikiwand - Zabukh". Wikiwand. Retrieved 2024-05-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ "20 KILLED IN ATTACK ON AZERBAIJANI VILLAGE - Deseret News". web.archive.org. 2022-04-03. Retrieved 2024-05-25.
  22. ^ Melkonian, Markar (2005). My brother's road: an American's fateful journey to Armenia. I.B. Tauris. pp. 211–212. ISBN 978-1-85043-635-5.
  23. ^ Rizvan Guseynov (17 August 2010). "Ибад Гусейнов: "Монте Мелконян на коленях просил пощадить его жизнь"". 1news.az. Archived from the original on 20 August 2010.
  24. ^ Melkonian, Markar (2005). My brother's road: an American's fateful journey to Armenia. I.B. Tauris. pp. 211–212. ISBN 978-1-85043-635-5.
  25. ^ https://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnazerbaijan.html Ходжавендский район - 10.020 (25,3%)
  26. ^ "Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета "Высшая школа экономики"". web.archive.org. 2012-01-18. Retrieved 2024-05-25.
  27. ^ "Şuşanın işğalı ilə bağlı beynəlxalq təşkilatlara bəyanat ünvanlanıb / ANSPress.com". web.archive.org. 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2024-05-25.
  28. ^ "Доклад Правозащитного Центра «Мемориал» о массовых нарушениях прав человека, связанных с занятием населенного пункта Ходжалы в ночь с 25 на 26 февраля 1992 г. вооруженными формированиями". Правозащитный центр «Мемориал». 1992-07-01. Retrieved 2024-05-25.
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