User:SchroCat/littertray 5
| Brighton hotel bombing | |
|---|---|
| Part of the Troubles | |
 The Grand Hotel on the morning after the bombing | |
| Location | Grand Hotel, Brighton, East Sussex, England |
| Date | 12 October 1984 2:54 am (BST) |
| Target | Margaret Thatcher[a] |
Attack type | Bombing |
| Weapons | Time bomb |
| Deaths | 5 |
| Injured | 31 |
| Perpetrator | Provisional IRA |
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Background[edit]
The Troubles in the late 1970s and 1980s[edit]
- Assassination of Airey Neave
- Assassination of Mountbatten and the Warrenpoint ambush
- The Hunger Strikes and not giving the IRA political prisoner status ("Crime is crime is crime. It is not political, it is crime")
Thatcher's Northern Ireland policy, 1979-1984[edit]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In nunc lacus, efficitur non dapibus nec, iaculis in metus. Suspendisse egestas semper nibh aliquet sodales. Aenean in lobortis tellus, a faucibus tortor. Proin imperdiet non augue sed ultricies. Fusce fermentum, dui sed tincidunt sollicitudin, mauris orci laoreet nulla, eget pretium velit elit eu tellus. Maecenas augue urna, tempus vitae magna id, ultricies placerat tellus. Fusce tristique ex diam, id imperdiet quam egestas interdum. Aliquam placerat eleifend magna, eget ullamcorper tellus pharetra at. Donec consequat risus vitae purus tincidunt varius. Nam pellentesque id dui a convallis. Morbi sit amet lectus tortor. In sit amet tincidunt nibh, ac rutrum tellus. Duis tincidunt ac est ut tristique. In justo nisl, mattis id fringilla at, scelerisque ut erat.
Following the hunger strikes: "Thatcher herself emerged from this episode as a republican hate-figure of Cromwellian proportions ('that unctuous, self-righteous fucker', 'the biggest bastard we have ever known', in Danny Morrison's evocative phrasing)."[2]
Patrick Magee and the England unit[edit]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In nunc lacus, efficitur non dapibus nec, iaculis in metus. Suspendisse egestas semper nibh aliquet sodales. Aenean in lobortis tellus, a faucibus tortor. Proin imperdiet non augue sed ultricies. Fusce fermentum, dui sed tincidunt sollicitudin, mauris orci laoreet nulla, eget pretium velit elit eu tellus. Maecenas augue urna, tempus vitae magna id, ultricies placerat tellus. Fusce tristique ex diam, id imperdiet quam egestas interdum. Aliquam placerat eleifend magna, eget ullamcorper tellus pharetra at. Donec consequat risus vitae purus tincidunt varius. Nam pellentesque id dui a convallis. Morbi sit amet lectus tortor. In sit amet tincidunt nibh, ac rutrum tellus. Duis tincidunt ac est ut tristique. In justo nisl, mattis id fringilla at, scelerisque ut erat.
Build-up[edit]
Planning[edit]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In nunc lacus, efficitur non dapibus nec, iaculis in metus. Suspendisse egestas semper nibh aliquet sodales. Aenean in lobortis tellus, a faucibus tortor. Proin imperdiet non augue sed ultricies. Fusce fermentum, dui sed tincidunt sollicitudin, mauris orci laoreet nulla, eget pretium velit elit eu tellus. Maecenas augue urna, tempus vitae magna id, ultricies placerat tellus. Fusce tristique ex diam, id imperdiet quam egestas interdum. Aliquam placerat eleifend magna, eget ullamcorper tellus pharetra at. Donec consequat risus vitae purus tincidunt varius. Nam pellentesque id dui a convallis. Morbi sit amet lectus tortor. In sit amet tincidunt nibh, ac rutrum tellus. Duis tincidunt ac est ut tristique. In justo nisl, mattis id fringilla at, scelerisque ut erat.
Fusce interdum turpis in odio posuere, venenatis viverra tortor posuere. Sed lacus lorem, finibus a mattis in, congue ut justo. Phasellus luctus mi vitae ligula tempus varius. Donec dignissim nibh in est lacinia, vel accumsan diam venenatis. Praesent porttitor massa vitae quam feugiat finibus. Phasellus nec sagittis nisi. Nulla tempus dignissim leo et hendrerit. Aenean ipsum nibh, pulvinar non sem at, posuere aliquam leo. Duis congue auctor urna et lacinia.
Planting the bomb[edit]
On 15 September 1984—some four weeks before the Conservative Party Conference—Magee registered at the Grand Hotel, Brighton, under the name "Roy Walsh". The pseudonym was the name of the IRA bomber who was convicted for his part in the IRA's 1973 Old Bailey bombing.[3] When he completed the hotel's registration card, Magee gave a false address (27 Braxfield Road, London, SE4), stated he was English, omitted his passport details, and paid £180 for three nights' stay. He was given room 629, which was on the sixth floor facing the sea. Magee had chosen a high-level room as he thought that would be where Thatcher would have had her room, a high level for additional security, in case the striking miners occupied the hotel.[4][5][b]
Magee had lunch at the hotel's restaurant on the day he arrived, where he ate with another man. The man visited Magee over the three days but did not stay overnight. Two female IRA couriers delivered bomb materials to the room; neither they, nor the other man, has ever been identified. According to the journalist Rory Carroll, who wrote a history of the bombing, considers that "It is unlikely that more than four people were involved".[7] According to Magee, the bomb comprised 105 pounds (48 kg) of gelignite;[8] security forces later considered it was 30 pounds (14 kg) of semtex.[9] The device was fitted with a long-delay timer, such as the type used in videocassette recorders.[4][10] The timing unit was battery powered and a Memo Park timer was also incorporated into the device; Carroll considers the timer was probably part of an anti-handling device, designed to counter any interference by a bomb disposal team if the device was found before detonation.[9]
To mask the smell of the explosives—a distinctive aroma similar to marzipan—the device was wrapped in several layers of plastic.[9] Once the bomb was completed, Magee removed the side panel of the bath and placed the device within the space.[4] Magee and his colleagues finished around 10:00 pm on 17 September, and ordered a bottle of vodka and three bottles of coke to be delivered to the room. He spent the third night in the room and checked out at around 9:00 am the following day.[11]
Explosion, 12 October 1984[edit]
Immediate aftermath[edit]
Casualties[edit]
Investigation[edit]
Arrest and trial[edit]
Repercussions[edit]
Northern Ireland policy[edit]
Mcgee's release[edit]
Gallery[edit]
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File:Patrick Magee - Brighton Bomber.jpg -
File:Official portrait of Lord Tebbit 2020 crop 1.jpg -
File:Denis and Margaret Thatcher in 1984.png
Notes and references[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ The assassination attempt targeted the entire Thatcher Cabinet at the Grand Hotel (including the Prime Minister).[1]
- ^ £180 in 1984 equates to approximately £1,000 in 2023, according to calculations based on the Consumer Price Index measure of inflation.[6]
References[edit]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
bbc-otd1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ English 2003, p. 207.
- ^ Oppenheimer 2009, p. 120.
- ^ a b c Bishop & Mallie 1987, p. 338.
- ^ Carroll 2023, pp. 178–179.
- ^ Clark 2023.
- ^ Carroll 2023, pp. 180–181.
- ^ Magee 2021, p. 116.
- ^ a b c Carroll 2023, p. 181.
- ^ Revill 2016, p. 44.
- ^ Carroll 2023, p. 186.
Sources[edit]
Books[edit]
- Bell, J. Bowyer (2000). The IRA, 1968–2000: Analysis of a Secret Army. London: Frank Cass. ISBN 978-1-1363-3308-8.
- Berry, Jo (2017). "'I'd find a way to contribute to peace'". In Dawson, Graham; Dover, Jo; Hopkins, Stephen (eds.). The Northern Ireland Troubles in Britain: Impacts, Engagements, Legacies and Memories. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 334–341. ISBN 978-0-7190-9631-0.
- Bishop, Patrick; Mallie, Eamonn (1987). The Provisional IRA. London: Heinemman. ISBN 978-0-4340-7410-5.
- Carroll, Rory (2023). Killing Thatcher. London: HarperCollins Publishers Limited. ISBN 978-0-0084-7666-3.
- Coogan, Tim Pat (1994). The IRA: A History. Niwot, Colorado: Roberts Rinehart Publishers. ISBN 978-1-8793-7399-0.
- Coogan, Tim Pat (2002). The Troubles: Ireland's Ordeal, 1966-1996 and the Search for Peace. New York: Palgrave for St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-3122-9418-2.
- English, Richard (2003). Armed Struggle: The History of the IRA. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1951-6605-7.
- Gaffikin, Frank; Morrissey, Mike (1990). Northern Ireland: The Thatcher Years. London: Zed Books. ISBN 978-0-8623-2906-8.
- Kelly, Stephen (2021). Margaret Thatcher, the Conservative Party and the Northern Ireland Conflict, 1975-1990. London: Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1-3501-1537-8.
- Magee, Patrick (2021). Where Grieving Begins: Building Bridges After the Brighton Bomb. London: Pluto Press. ISBN 978-0-7453-4177-4.
- McGladdery, Gary (2006). The Provisional IRA in England: The Bombing Campaign, 1973-1997. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-7165-3373-3.
- Moore, Charles (2013). Margaret Thatcher: The Authorized Biography. Vol. Two: Everything She Wants. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-3079-5894-5.
- Oppenheimer, A. R. (2009). IRA, the Bombs and the Bullets: A History of Deadly Ingenuity. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-7165-2894-4.
- Ramsey, Steve A. (2018). Something Has Gone Wrong: Dealing with the Brighton Bomb. London: Biteback Publishing. ISBN 978-1-7859-0336-6.
- Revill, James (2016). Improvised Explosive Devices: The Paradigmatic Weapon of New Wars. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-3193-3833-0.
- Tebbit, Norman (1989). Upwardly Mobile. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-7088-4392-5.
- Thatcher, Margaret (1993). The Downing Street Years. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-0025-5049-9.
Journals and magazines[edit]
News[edit]
Websites[edit]
- Clark, Gregory (2023). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.