User:SOHAFun/Kenroku-en
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Kenroku-en (Japanese: 兼六園, Garden of Six Attributes), located in Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan, is a strolling style garden constructed during the Edo period by the Maeda clan.[1] Along with Kairaku-en and Kōraku-en, Kenroku-en is considered one of the Three Great Gardens of Japan and is famous for its beauty across all seasons, particularly in winter. Features of the landscape include meandering paths, a large pond, several tea houses, and one of Japan's oldest fountains.[2] First opening to the public in 1871, the garden was later designated a National Site of Scenic Beauty in 1922, and subsequently received status as a National Site of Special Scenic Beauty in 1985.[3] The grounds are open through paid admission year-round during daylight hours.[4]
The Six Attributes[edit]
The garden was named by Matsudaira Sadanobu in 1822 and literally translates as "Combined" (Ken) "Six" (roku) "Garden" (en) to mean the "Garden of Six Attributes." Sadanobu drew inspiration from the classical Chinese text "Chronicles of the Famous Luoyang Gardens" (洛陽名園記), which outlined the six attributes of a perfect landscape: spaciousness, seclusion, artifice, antiquity, waterways, and panoramas.[5] Attaining all six within one landscape was said to be difficult because they form contrasting pairs:
There are six features that make a garden outstanding. If one tries to introduce an impression of vastness, any atmosphere of quietude and intimacy will be lost; if artificial elements are introduced, any impression of antiquity will be weakened; if a lot of flowing water is introduced, distant views are not possible.[5]
The landscape design and layout of Kenroku-en can be interpreted to demonstrate how it overcomes the challenge of these contrasting attributes, and achieves balance of all six to represent an ideal landscape. Certain areas of the garden, like those around Kasumige-ike Pond, lend themselves to a sense of openness, while other areas, such as those around Tokiwaoka Hill, create a sense of seclusion.[6] Artificial elements of bridges, lanterns, and pagodas were designed to fit seamlessly into the surrounding natural elements of rock, plants, and water.[7] Panoramic viewpoints within the garden overlook the Japan Sea and Iozan mountains, while simultaneously allowing views of many of the garden's water features.[8]
References[edit]
- ^ Nitschke, Gunter (1991). Japanese Gardens. Germany: Taschen. p. 306. ISBN 3-8228-0556-4.
- ^ Ishikawa Prefecture. "Park Map: Kenroku-en". Ishikawa Prefecture Japan. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
- ^ Ishikawa Prefecture. "History: Kanazawa Castle and Kenroku-en Garden". Ishikawa Prefecture Japan. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
- ^ Ishikawa Prefecture. "Guidance: Kenroku-en". Ishikawa Prefecture Japan. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
- ^ a b Ishikawa Prefecture. "The Six Element Story". Digital Archives of Ishikawa Japan. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
- ^ Ishikawa Prefecture. "The Six Element Story: Spaciousness / Seclusion". Digital Archives of Ishikawa Japan. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
- ^ Ishikawa Prefecture. "The Six Element Story: Artificiality / Antiquity". Digital Archives of Ishikawa Japan. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
- ^ Ishikawa Prefecture. "The Six Element Story: Abundant water / Broad views". Digital Archives of Ishikawa Japan. Retrieved April 12, 2023.