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Silver Porgy
D. argenteus photographed on a reef near Cabo Frio, Brazil.
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Actinopterygii
Order:
Spariformes
Family:
Sparidae
Genus:
Diplodus
Species:
D. argenteus
Binomial name
Diplodus argenteus
(Valenciennes, 1830)
Synonyms
  • Sargus argenteus Valenciennes, 1830
  • Sparus sargo Larrañaga, 1923



The Silver porgy, Diplodus argenteus is an ocean-going species of Sparid fish in the genus Diplodus. It is also called the South American Silver porgy, [1] the White bream in Uruguay, plus the Silver seabream and the Sargo though the latter two names are also used for other fish species as well.[2][3]

Taxonomy and naming[edit]

The Silver porgy was originally desrcibed in 1830 by the French zoologist Achille Valenciennes as Sargus argenteus, but was later moved from the genus Sargus into Diplodus. [4] [5] Another binomial name, Sparus sargo was erected by Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga in 1923 to describe fishes that are now considered to be silver porgies as well, meaning that Sparus sargo is considered a junior synonym. [6] [4]

Etymology[edit]

The genus name, Diplodus means "double toothed"- a description which was not well explained, but could have been done in reference to the two types of teeth, incisor-like and molar-like, or to the double incisor-like teeth of this genus.[7] The species name argenteus comes from the Latin word for silver, which is a reference to the fish's coloration.

Description[edit]

As its name suggests, this species' silvery coloration (often with yellowish tint on the scales and fins) is a significant characteristic of its appearance. [8] In addition to this, there are nine dark, narrow bars that can be faintly visible on the anterior portion of its body (especially in younger individuals as they fade with age), and there is also a large, black blotch on the caudal peduncle, and the opercular membrane is also very dark in color.[8][9][10][11] The Silvery porgy's dorsal fin is made up of 12 spines, but 13-15 soft rays. It's anal fin is consists of only 3 spines, but 12-14 soft rays.[10] Mature Silver porgies are about 20 to 23cm in length, while the maximum known sizes for this species are 37.8cm in length and weights of 2.5kg. [12]

Distribution and habitat[edit]

The Silver porgy is known primarily from the western Atlantic Ocean, where it can be found in southern Florida as well as the Antilles and Bahamas.[10] Along the coast of South America, it is known from Colombia and Venezuela to Argentina- as far south as the coast of northern Patagonia.[10] [13] [14] They are also found in the Bay of Campeche, which is part of the Gulf of Mexico. [1] They can even be found in the waters around Bermuda, but are not especially common. (sounds database et al)

Seagrass beds such as this one in the Caribbean Sea often inhabited by subadult Silver porgies.[15]

Adult Silver porgies usually inhabit clear but turbulent water over rocky or coral bottoms, especially on unsheltered coasts that are heavily affected by surf.[8][16] Juveniles, on the other hand, can be found in much shallower water, in pools between rocks, though mid-sized individuals up to 10cm can be found in beds of seagrass from the genus Thalassia. [15]

Biology[edit]

Silver progies eat mostly shellfish especially crustaceans and mollusks, however the remains of algae and polychete worms have also been found in the stomachs of fishes collected from the Brazilian coast. behaviour: often forms large schools 2-3m deep (sounds database). reproduction,

Relationship with humans[edit]

The Silver porgy is considered a minor gamefish and is also fished commercially, but only traded locally.[1] Able to be caught via angling or through traps, it makes up a major portion of the catch in the Cabo Frio region of Brazil, but is generally caught incidentally, and is even reported rare from fisheries in Cuba.[1] Catches are generally very small and come from Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay, through fishing for this species off the United States East Coast and Brazil once dominated the Silver porgy catch for most of the late 20th Century.

Because of its habitat and distribution, this species is often encountered by recreational SCUBA divers and snorklers. Despite its fairly high probably of being encountered in certain ecosystems, the Silver porgy is generally standoffish and seldom approaches divers.[17]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e Carpenter, K.E. & Russell, B. 2014. Diplodus argenteus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T170154A1283454. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170154A1283454.en. Accessed on 18 March 2024.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference shedd was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Nión, H., C. Ríos and P. Meneses, 2002. Peces del Uruguay: Lista sistemática y nombres comunes. Montevideo, DINARA, Infopesca.
  4. ^ a b Fricke, R., D. Golani and B. Appelbaum-Golani, 2016. Diplodus levantinus (Teleostei: Sparidae), a new species of sea bream from the southeastern Mediterranean Sea of Israel, with a checklist and a key to the species of the Diplodus sargus species group. Scientia Marina 80(3):1-16.
  5. ^ Cuvier, G. and A. Valenciennes 1830 (Sept.) Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome Sixième. Livre sixième. Partie I. Des Sparoïdes; Partie II. Des Ménides. v. 6: i-xxiv + 6 pp. + 1-559, Pls. 141-169. [Valenciennes is author of pp. 1-425, 493-559; Cuvier 426-491. i-xviii + 1-470 in Strasbourg ed.]
  6. ^ Larrañaga, D. A. 1923 Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga. Los Publica el Instituto Histórico y Geográphico del Uruguay. Edición Nacional. v. 2: 1-512 [Atlas published in 1930. See also Devincenzi 1925
  7. ^ "Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  8. ^ a b c Wells, V. Carpenter, C. 2011. A Field Guide to Coastal Fishes from Maine to Texas. Baltimore. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  9. ^ Chute, W. 1953. Guide to the John G. Shedd Aquarium. 4th edition, 4th printing. Pg. 114-115
  10. ^ a b c d Smith, C.L., 1997. National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p.
  11. ^ Randall, J.E., 1996. Caribbean reef fishes. Third Edition - revised and enlarged. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Hong Kong. 3nd ed. 368 p.
  12. ^ David, G.S., R. Coutinho, I. Quagio-Grassiotto and J.R. Verani, 2005. The reproductive biology of Diplodus argenteus (Sparidae) in the coastal upwelling system of Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 27(2):439-447.
  13. ^ Galván, D. E., Venerus, L. A., Irigoyen, A. J., Parma, A. M., & Gosztonyi, A. E. (2005). Extension of the distributional range of the silver porgy, Diplodus argenteus (Valenciennes 1830), and the red porgy, Pagrus pagrus (Linnaeus 1758)(Sparidae) in northern Patagonia, south-western Atlantic. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 21(5).
  14. ^ Randall, J.E. and R. Vergara, 1978. Sparidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). FAO, Rome. Vol. 5. pag.var.
  15. ^ a b Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p.
  16. ^ Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p.
  17. ^ Humann, Paul and Ned Deloach, Reef Fish Identification Florida Caribbean Bahamas New World Publications Inc., Jacksonville, Fl

External links[edit]

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