User:Mr. Ibrahem/Transient synovitis
| Transient synovitis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Toxic synovitis, transitory coxitis, coxitis fugax, acute transient epiphysitis, coxitis serosa seu simplex, phantom hip disease, observation hip[1] |
 | |
| The hip joint is formed between the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis. | |
| Symptoms | Groin pain, limp[2] |
| Usual onset | 3 to 10 years[3] |
| Duration | < 5 days[3] |
| Causes | Unknown[3] |
| Diagnostic method | Ruling out other potential causes[3] |
| Differential diagnosis | Bone fracture, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, discitis, leukemia, septic joint, Lyme disease[3] |
| Treatment | NSAIDs, limited weight-bearing[3] |
| Frequency | Up to 3%[3] |
Transient synovitis of hip, also called toxic synovitis, is a self-limiting inflammation of the lining of the hip joint.[2][4] Symptoms often include pain in the groin, a limp, or refusal to walk.[2][5] Symptoms often come on over a few days and there is generally no fever.[2] Pain generally only occurs with significant movements at the hip.[2] The child generally looks otherwise well.[2]
The exact cause is unknown.[3] A recent viral infection (most commonly an upper respiratory tract infection) or recent injury has been proposed as triggers.[2][4] Diagnosis involves ruling out other potential causes.[3] Blood tests may show mild inflammation.[3] An ultrasound scan may show a fluid collection in the hip joint which may require aspiration to rule out a infection.[3]
Treatment is with NSAIDs and limited weight-bearing.[3] The condition is usually better within two days and clears completely within 2 weeks.[4] The recurrence rate is as high as 25%.[4]
Transient synovitis affects up to 3% of children at some point in time.[3] Most commonly it occurs between three and ten years of age and is the most common cause of hip pain in this age group.[3][6] Rarely other age groups are affected.[4] Boys are affected twice as often as girls.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ Do TT (Feb 2000). "Transient synovitis as a cause of painful limps in children". Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 12 (1): 48–51. doi:10.1097/00008480-200002000-00010. PMID 10676774.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Cook, PC (December 2014). "Transient synovitis, septic hip, and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: an approach to the correct diagnosis". Pediatric clinics of North America. 61 (6): 1109–18. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2014.08.002. PMID 25439014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Ryan, DD (1 June 2016). "Differentiating Transient Synovitis of the Hip from More Urgent Conditions". Pediatric annals. 45 (6): e209-13. doi:10.3928/00904481-20160427-01. PMID 27294495.
- ^ a b c d e Whitelaw, CC; Varacallo, M (January 2020). "Transient Synovitis". PMID 29083677.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Nouri, A; Walmsley, D; Pruszczynski, B; Synder, M (January 2014). "Transient synovitis of the hip: a comprehensive review". Journal of pediatric orthopedics. Part B. 23 (1): 32–6. doi:10.1097/BPB.0b013e328363b5a3. PMID 23812087.
- ^ Hart JJ (Oct 1996). "Transient synovitis of the hip in children". Am Fam Physician. 54 (5): 1587–91, 1595–6. PMID 8857781.