User:Mr. Ibrahem/Hashimoto's thyroiditis
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroiditis, struma lymphomatosa, Hashimoto's disease |
 | |
| The thyroid of someone with Hashimoto's thyroiditis as seen with a microscope at low magnification | |
| Specialty | Endocrinology |
| Symptoms | Painless goiter, weight gain, feeling tired, constipation, depression[1] |
| Complications | Thyroid lymphoma.[2] |
| Usual onset | 30–50 years old[1][3] |
| Causes | Genetic and environmental factors.[4] |
| Risk factors | Family history, another autoimmune disease[1] |
| Diagnostic method | TSH, T4, anti-thyroid autoantibodies[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Graves’ disease, nontoxic nodular goiter[5] |
| Treatment | Levothyroxine, surgery[1][5] |
| Frequency | 5% at some point[4] |
Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and Hashimoto's disease, is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed.[1][6] Early on there may be no symptoms.[1] Over time the thyroid may enlarge, forming a painless goiter.[1] Some people eventually develop hypothyroidism with accompanying weight gain, feeling tired, constipation, depression, and general pains.[1] After many years the thyroid typically shrinks in size.[1] Potential complications include thyroid lymphoma.[2]
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is thought to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.[4] Risk factors include a family history of the condition and having another autoimmune disease.[1] Diagnosis is confirmed with blood tests for TSH, T4, and anti-thyroid autoantibodies.[1] Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include Graves’ disease and nontoxic nodular goiter.[5]
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is typically treated with levothyroxine.[1][7] If hypothyroidism is not present, some may recommend no treatment while others may treat to try to reduce the size of the goiter.[1][8] Those affected should avoid eating large amounts of iodine; however, sufficient iodine is required especially during pregnancy.[1] Surgery is rarely required to treat the goiter.[5]
Hashimoto's thyroiditis affects about 5% of Caucasians at some point in their life.[4] It typically begins between the ages of 30 and 50 and is much more common in women than men.[1][3] Rates of the disease appear to be increasing.[5] It was first described by the Japanese physician Hakaru Hashimoto in 1912.[9] In 1957 it was recognized as an autoimmune disorder.[10]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Hashimoto's Disease". NIDDK. May 2014. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
- ^ a b Noureldine, SI; Tufano, RP (January 2015). "Association of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and thyroid cancer". Current Opinion in Oncology. 27 (1): 21–5. doi:10.1097/cco.0000000000000150. PMID 25390557.
- ^ a b Hiromatsu, Y; Satoh, H; Amino, N (2013). "Hashimoto's thyroiditis: history and future outlook". Hormones (Athens, Greece). 12 (1): 12–8. doi:10.1007/BF03401282. PMID 23624127.
- ^ a b c d Pyzik, A; Grywalska, E; Matyjaszek-Matuszek, B; Roliński, J (2015). "Immune disorders in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: what do we know so far?". Journal of Immunology Research. 2015: 979167. doi:10.1155/2015/979167. PMC 4426893. PMID 26000316.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b c d e Akamizu, T; Amino, N; DeGroot, LJ; De Groot, LJ; Beck-Peccoz, P; Chrousos, G; Dungan, K; Grossman, A; Hershman, JM; Koch, C; McLachlan, R; New, M; Rebar, R; Singer, F; Vinik, A; Weickert, MO (2000). "Hashimoto's Thyroiditis". PMID 25905412.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Hashimoto's disease". Office on Women’s Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 12 June 2017. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "Hashimoto Thyroiditis – Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. July 2016. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
- ^ "Hashimoto Thyroiditis – Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders". Merck Manuals Consumer Version. Archived from the original on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
- ^ Shoenfeld, Yehuda; Cervera, Ricard; Gershwin, M. Eric (2010). Diagnostic Criteria in Autoimmune Diseases. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 216. ISBN 9781603272858. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
- ^ Moore, Elaine A.; Wilkinson, Samantha (2009). The Promise of Low Dose Naltrexone Therapy: Potential Benefits in Cancer, Autoimmune, Neurological and Infectious Disorders. McFarland. p. 30. ISBN 9780786452583. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
