User:Mr. Ibrahem/Electronic cigarette

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Heated tobacco product.
See also: Vaporizer (inhalation device)
A first-generation e-cigarette that resembles a tobacco cigarette. Also shown is a USB power charger, which the battery portion of the e-cigarette can be disconnected and recharged with.
A first-generation e-cigarette that resembles a tobacco cigarette. The battery portion of the e-cigarette can be disconnected and recharged using the USB power charger.
Various types of e-cigarettes, including a disposable e-cigarette, a rechargeable e-cigarette, a medium-size tank device, large-size tank devices, an e-cigar, and an e-pipe.
Various types of e-cigarettes, including a disposable, a rechargeable, a medium-size tank device, large-size tank devices, an e-cigar, and an e-pipe.

Electronic cigarette, also known as e-cigarette,[notes 1] is an electronic device that simulates tobacco smoking.[2] Using an e-cigarette is called "vaping".[3] The benefits and risks are uncertain.[4][5][6] For an individual they are likely safer than smoking tobacco,[7] with NHS England estimating them to be 95% less harmful.[8] Use among young people, as well as adults, appears to increase the later use of cigarettes.[9][10][11] Their long-term and population health effects are not known.[9] While regulated nicotine replacement products are safer, for people trying to quit smoking, e-cigarettes appear to have a higher quit rate.[12][13] For others, they do not alter quit rates.[14] While the risk of serious side effects in the short term is low, they do occur.[15]

It consists of an atomizer, a power source such as a battery, and a container such as a cartridge or tank.[3] Instead of smoke, the user inhales vapor.[16] The atomizer is a heating element that atomizes a liquid solution called e-liquid.[17] E-cigarettes are activated by taking a puff or pressing a button.[3][18] Some look like traditional cigarettes,[3] and most versions are refillable.[19] The vapor is formed from a liquid typically composed of propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine and flavoring.[1] The vapor often contains traces of contaminants such as nitrosamines, carcinogens, and heavy metals.[3][20] Its exact composition varies, and depends on several things including user behavior.[9]

They were invented in China in 2003 and first marketed in Europe in 2005 and the United States in 2007.[21][3] In 2011 there were about 7 million adult e-cigarette users, rising to 68 million globally in 2020.[22] In the early 2010s, about 10% of young e-cigarette user have never smoked.[23] Because of overlap with tobacco laws and medical drug policies, e-cigarette legislation is being debated in many countries.[24] The revised EU Tobacco Products Directive in 2016, providing stricter regulations.[25] As of 2016, the US FDA extended its regulatory power to include e-cigarettes.[26] Large tobacco companies have increased their marketing efforts.[12] As of 2014, there were 466 brands of e-cigarettes.[27] Global sales were around $19 billion in 2020, with the United States being the largest market.[22]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Vaporizers, E-Cigarettes, and other Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS)". United States Food and Drug Administration. 14 February 2020. Archived from the original on 25 November 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2022.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ Caponnetto, Pasquale; Campagna, Davide; Papale, Gabriella; Russo, Cristina; Polosa, Riccardo (2012). "The emerging phenomenon of electronic cigarettes". Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine. 6 (1): 63–74. doi:10.1586/ers.11.92. ISSN 1747-6348. PMID 22283580.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Orellana-Barrios, Menfil A.; Payne, Drew; Mulkey, Zachary; Nugent, Kenneth (2015). "Electronic cigarettes-a narrative review for clinicians". The American Journal of Medicine. 128 (7): 674–81. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.01.033. ISSN 0002-9343. PMID 25731134.
  4. ^ Ebbert, Jon O.; Agunwamba, Amenah A.; Rutten, Lila J. (2015). "Counseling Patients on the Use of Electronic Cigarettes". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 90 (1): 128–134. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.11.004. ISSN 0025-6196. PMID 25572196.
  5. ^ Brady, Benjamin R.; De La Rosa, Jennifer S.; Nair, Uma S.; Leischow, Scott J. (2019). "Electronic Cigarette Policy Recommendations: A Scoping Review". American Journal of Health Behavior. 43 (1): 88–104. doi:10.5993/AJHB.43.1.8. ISSN 1087-3244. PMID 30522569. S2CID 54566712.
  6. ^ Bals, Robert; Boyd, Jeanette; Esposito, Susanna; Foronjy, Robert; Hiemstra, Pieter S.; Jiménez-Ruiz, Carlos A.; Katsaounou, Paraskevi; Lindberg, Anne; Metz, Carlos; Schober, Wolfgang; Spira, Avrum; Blasi, Francesco (2019). "Electronic cigarettes: a task force report from the European Respiratory Society". European Respiratory Journal. 53 (2): 1801151. doi:10.1183/13993003.01151-2018. ISSN 0903-1936. PMID 30464018.
  7. ^ Balfour, David J. K.; Benowitz, Neal L.; Colby, Suzanne M.; Hatsukami, Dorothy K.; Lando, Harry A.; Leischow, Scott J.; Lerman, Caryn; Mermelstein, Robin J.; Niaura, Raymond; Perkins, Kenneth A.; Pomerleau, Ovide F.; Rigotti, Nancy A.; Swan, Gary E.; Warner, Kenneth E.; West, Robert (September 2021). "Balancing Consideration of the Risks and Benefits of E-Cigarettes". American Journal of Public Health. 111 (9): 1661–1672. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2021.306416. PMC 8589069. PMID 34410826. Archived from the original on July 18, 2022. Retrieved July 25, 2022.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC embargo expired (link)
  8. ^ "E-cigarettes around 95% less harmful than tobacco estimates landmark review". gov.uk. Public Health England. Archived from the original on 2022-07-25. Retrieved 2022-07-26.
  9. ^ a b c "Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2020. For youth and young adults, there is substantial evidence that e-cigarette use increases the risk of ever using combustible tobacco cigarettes.
  10. ^ "E-cigarettes". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 24 February 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020. Furthermore, there is a growing body of evidence in some settings that never-smoker minors who use ENDS at least double their chance of starting to smoke conventional tobacco cigarettes later in life.
  11. ^ McMillen, R; Klein, JD; Wilson, K; Winickoff, JP; Tanski, S (2019). "E-Cigarette Use and Future Cigarette Initiation Among Never Smokers and Relapse Among Former Smokers in the PATH Study". Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974). 134 (5): 528–536. doi:10.1177/0033354919864369. PMID 31419184.
  12. ^ a b Drummond, MB; Upson, D (February 2014). "Electronic cigarettes. Potential harms and benefits". Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 11 (2): 236–42. doi:10.1513/annalsats.201311-391fr. PMC 5469426. PMID 24575993.
  13. ^ Hartmann-Boyce, Jamie; McRobbie, Hayden; Butler, Ailsa R.; Lindson, Nicola; Bullen, Chris; Begh, Rachna; Theodoulou, Annika; Notley, Caitlin; Rigotti, Nancy A.; Turner, Tari; Fanshawe, Thomas R. (2021-09-14). "Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 9 (11): CD010216. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub6. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 8438601. PMID 34519354.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC embargo expired (link)
  14. ^ Hedman, L; Galanti, MR; Ryk, L; Gilljam, H; Adermark, L (13 Oct 2021). "Electronic cigarette use and smoking cessation in cohort studies and randomized trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Tobacco Prevention and Cessation. 7 (62). European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention: 62. doi:10.18332/tpc/142320. PMC 8508281. PMID 34712864.
  15. ^ Paley, Grace L.; Echalier, Elizabeth; Eck, Thomas W.; Hong, Augustine R.; Farooq, Asim V.; Gregory, Darren G.; Lubniewski, Anthony J. (2016). "Corneoscleral Laceration and Ocular Burns Caused by Electronic Cigarette Explosions". Cornea. 35 (7): 1015–1018. doi:10.1097/ICO.0000000000000881. ISSN 0277-3740. PMC 4900417. PMID 27191672.
  16. ^ Cheng, T. (2014). "Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes". Tobacco Control. 23 (Supplement 2): ii11–ii17. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051482. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 3995255. PMID 24732157.
  17. ^ Weaver, Michael; Breland, Alison; Spindle, Tory; Eissenberg, Thomas (2014). "Electronic Cigarettes". Journal of Addiction Medicine. 8 (4): 234–240. doi:10.1097/ADM.0000000000000043. ISSN 1932-0620. PMC 4123220. PMID 25089953.
  18. ^ "Electronic cigarettes: patterns of use, health effects, use in smoking cessation and regulatory issues". Tob Induc Dis. 12 (1): 21. 2014. doi:10.1186/1617-9625-12-21. PMC 4350653. PMID 25745382. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  19. ^ Drope, Jeffrey; Cahn, Zachary; Kennedy, Rosemary; Liber, Alex C.; Stoklosa, Michal; Henson, Rosemarie; Douglas, Clifford E.; Drope, Jacqui (2017). "Key issues surrounding the health impacts of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and other sources of nicotine". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 67 (6): 449–471. doi:10.3322/caac.21413. ISSN 0007-9235. PMID 28961314.
  20. ^ Health, CDC's Office on Smoking and (21 March 2022). "Smoking and Tobacco Use; Electronic Cigarettes". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  21. ^ PHE (15 May 2014). "Electronic cigarettes: reports commissioned by PHE". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  22. ^ a b Shapiro, Harry (2020). "Burning Issues: The Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction". Archived from the original on 2021-07-29. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
  23. ^ Dutra, LM; Glantz, SA (November 2014). "High international electronic cigarette use among never smoker adolescents". The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. 55 (5): 595–7. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.08.010. PMID 25344030.
  24. ^ Kim, Ki-Hyun; Kabir, Ehsanul; Jahan, Shamin Ara (2016). "Review of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: their potential human health impact". Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C. 34 (4): 262–275. doi:10.1080/10590501.2016.1236604. ISSN 1059-0501. PMID 27635466. S2CID 42660975.
  25. ^ "European court: Tougher rules on electronic cigarettes". Business Insider. Associated Press. 4 May 2016. Archived from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
  26. ^ "FDA's New Regulations for E-Cigarettes, Cigars, and All Other Tobacco Products". United States Food and Drug Administration. 17 August 2017. Archived from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  27. ^ "WHO report on regulation of e-cigarettes and similar products". Blog - Tobacco Control. 27 August 2014. Archived from the original on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2022.


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