User:Mr. Ibrahem/Dermatitis
| Dermatitis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Eczema |
 | |
| A moderate case of dermatitis of the hands | |
| Specialty | Dermatology |
| Symptoms | Itchiness, red skin, rash[1] |
| Complications | Skin infection[2] |
| Usual onset | Childhood[1][2] |
| Causes | Atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, stasis dermatitis[1][2] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptom[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Scabies, psoriasis, dermatitis herpetiformis, lichen simplex chronicus[3] |
| Treatment | Moisturizers, steroid creams, antihistamines[2][4] |
| Frequency | 245 million (2015)[5] |
Dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a group of diseases that result in inflammation of the skin.[6] These diseases are characterized by itchiness, red skin and a rash.[1] In cases of short duration, there may be small blisters, while in long-term cases the skin may become thickened.[1] The area of skin involved can vary from small to covering the entire body.[1][2]
Dermatitis includes atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis and stasis dermatitis.[1][2] The exact cause of the condition is often unclear.[2] Cases may involve a combination of irritation, allergy and poor venous return.[1] The type of dermatitis is generally determined by the person's history and the location of the rash.[1] For example, irritant dermatitis often occurs on the hands of those who frequently get them wet.[1] Allergic contact dermatitis occurs upon exposure to an allergen, causing a hypersensitivity reaction in the skin.[1]
Treatment of atopic dermatitis is typically with moisturizers and steroid creams.[4] The steroid creams should generally be of mid- to high strength and used for less than two weeks at a time, as side effects can occur.[7] Antibiotics may be required if there are signs of skin infection.[2] Contact dermatitis is typically treated by avoiding the allergen or irritant.[8][9] Antihistamines may help with sleep and decrease nighttime scratching.[2]
Dermatitis was estimated to affect 245 million people globally in 2015.[5] Atopic dermatitis is the most common type and generally starts in childhood.[1][2] In the United States, it affects about 10–30% of people.[2] Contact dermatitis is twice as common in females than males.[10] Allergic contact dermatitis affects about 7% of people at some point in their lives.[11] Irritant contact dermatitis is common, especially among people with certain occupations; exact rates are unclear.[12]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Nedorost, Susan T. (2012). Generalized Dermatitis in Clinical Practice. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 1–3, 9, 13–14. ISBN 9781447128977. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Handout on Health: Atopic Dermatitis (A type of eczema)". NIAMS. May 2013. Archived from the original on 30 May 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ^ Ferri, Fred F. (2010). Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Mosby. p. Chapter D. ISBN 978-0323076999.
- ^ a b McAleer MA, Flohr C, Irvine AD (July 2012). "Management of difficult and severe eczema in childhood" (PDF). BMJ. 345: e4770. doi:10.1136/bmj.e4770. hdl:2262/75991. PMID 22826585. Archived from the original on 17 February 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ a b Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, et al. (GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators) (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
- ^ Lim, Henry W. (2020). "409. Eczemas, photodermatoses, papulomatoses, papulosquamous (including fungal) diseases, and figurate erythema: Eczema". In Goldman, Lee; Schafer, Andrew I. (eds.). Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Vol. 2 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 2612–2614. ISBN 978-0-323-53266-2. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- ^ Habif (2015). Clinical Dermatology (6 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 171. ISBN 9780323266079. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
- ^ Mowad CM, Anderson B, Scheinman P, Pootongkam S, Nedorost S, Brod B (June 2016). "Allergic contact dermatitis: Patient management and education". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 74 (6): 1043–54. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.02.1144. PMID 27185422.
- ^ Lurati AR (February 2015). "Occupational risk assessment and irritant contact dermatitis". Workplace Health & Safety. 63 (2): 81–7, quiz 88. doi:10.1177/2165079914565351. PMID 25881659.
- ^ Adkinson, N. Franklin (2014). Middleton's allergy : principles and practice (8 ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. p. 566. ISBN 9780323085939. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016.
- ^ "128.4". Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, 4 Volume Set (9 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. 2016. ISBN 9781118441176. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ^ Frosch, Peter J. (2013). Textbook of Contact Dermatitis (2 ed.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 42. ISBN 9783662031049. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016.