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Presidents[edit]

First Republic (1889–1930)[edit]

List of presidents of Brazil from 1889 – 1930.
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term[1] Political party[a] Election[b] Vice President
1 Presidential portrait of Deodoro da Fonseca Deodoro da Fonseca
(1827–1892)
[2] 		November 15, 1889
–
November 23, 1891[c] 		Unaffiliated 1891[d] Vacant until
February 26, 1891

Floriano Peixoto

2 Presidential portrait of Floriano Peixoto Floriano Peixoto
(1839–1895)
[3] 		November 23, 1891
–
November 15, 1894 		Unaffiliated — Vacant throughout
presidency
3 Presidential portrait of Prudente de Morais Prudente de Morais
(1841–1902)
[4] 		November 15, 1894
–
November 15, 1898 		Federal
Republican Party 		1894 Manuel Vitorino
4 Presidential portrait of Campos Sales Campos Sales
(1841–1913)
[5] 		November 15, 1898
–
November 15, 1902 		Paulista
Republican Party 		1898 Rosa e Silva
5 Presidential portrait of Rodrigues Alves Rodrigues Alves
(1848–1919)
[6] 		November 15, 1902
–
November 15, 1906 		Paulista
Republican Party 		1902 Afonso Pena[e]
6 Presidential portrait of Afonso Pena Afonso Pena
(1847–1909)
[7] 		November 15, 1906
–
June 14, 1909[f] 		Minas Gerais
Republican Party 		1906 Nilo Peçanha
7 Presidential portrait of Nilo Peçanha Nilo Peçanha
(1867–1924)
[8] 		June 14, 1909[g]
–
November 15, 1910 		Fluminense
Republican Party 		— Vacant throughout
presidency
8 Presidential portrait of Hermes da Fonseca Hermes da Fonseca
(1855–1923)
[9] 		November 15, 1910
–
November 15, 1914 		Conservative
Republican Party 		1910 Venceslau Brás
9 Presidential portrait of Venceslau Brás Venceslau Brás
(1868–1966)
[10] 		November 15, 1914
–
November 15, 1918 		Minas Gerais
Republican Party 		1914 Urbano Santos
10 Presidential portrait of Delfim Moreira Delfim Moreira
(1868–1920)
Acting
[11] 		November 15, 1918[h]
–
July 28, 1919 		Minas Gerais
Republican Party 		— Vacant throughout
presidency
11 Presidential portrait of Epitácio Pessoa Epitácio Pessoa
(1865–1942)
[12] 		July 28, 1919
–
November 15, 1922 		Minas Gerais
Republican Party 		1919 Delfim Moreira[f]

Bueno de Paiva[i]

12 Presidential portrait of Artur Bernardes Artur Bernardes
(1875–1955)
[14] 		November 15, 1922
–
November 15, 1926 		Minas Gerais
Republican Party 		1922 Estácio Coimbra
13 Presidential portrait of Washington Luís Washington Luís
(1869–1957)
[15] 		November 15, 1926
–
October 24, 1930[j] 		Paulista
Republican Party 		1926 Melo Viana
— Portrait of Júlio Prestes Júlio Prestes
(1882–1946)
[16] 		Did not take office[k] Paulista
Republican Party 		1930 Vital Soares

Second Republic (1930–1937)[edit]

List of presidents of Brazil from 1930 – 1937.
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term[1] Political party[a] Election[b] Vice President
— Military junta of 1930[l]
[17] 		October 24, 1930
–
November 3, 1930[m] 		Unaffiliated — Vacant throughout
leadership
14 First presidential portrait of Getúlio Vargas Getúlio Vargas
(1882–1954)
[18] 		November 3, 1930
–
November 10, 1937[n] 		Unaffiliated 1934[o] Vacant throughout
presidency[p]

Estado Novo (1937–1946)[edit]

List of presidents of Brazil from 1930 – 1937.
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term[1] Political party[a] Election[b] Vice President
(14) First presidential portrait of Getúlio Vargas Getúlio Vargas
(1882–1954)
[18] 		November 10, 1937
–
October 29, 1945[q] 		Unaffiliated — Vacant throughout
presidency[p]
15 Portrait of José Linhares as President of the Superior Electoral Court José Linhares
(1886–1957)
Acting
[22] 		October 29, 1945[r]
–
January 31, 1946 		Unaffiliated — Vacant throughout
presidency

Fourth Republic (1946–1964)[edit]

List of presidents of Brazil from 1946 – 1964.
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term[1] Political party[a] Election[b] Vice President
16 Presidential portrait of Eurico Gaspar Dutra Eurico Gaspar Dutra
(1883–1974)
[23] 		January 31, 1946
–
January 31, 1951 		Social Democratic
Party 		1945 Vacant until
September 19, 1946

Nereu Ramos[s]

17 Second presidential portrait of Getúlio Vargas Getúlio Vargas
(1882–1954)
[18] 		January 31, 1951
–
August 24, 1954[f] 		Brazilian Labour
Party 		1950 Café Filho
18 Presidential portrait of Café Filho Café Filho
(1899–1970)
[25] 		August 24, 1954[t]
–
November 8, 1955[u] 		Social Progressive
Party 		— Vacant throughout
presidency
19 Photograph of Carlos Luz Carlos Luz
(1894–1961)
Acting
[26] 		November 8, 1955[v]
–
November 11, 1955[w] 		Social Democratic
Party 		— Vacant throughout
presidency
20 Presidential portrait of Nereu Ramos Nereu Ramos
(1888–1958)
Acting
[24] 		November 11, 1955[x]
–
January 31, 1956 		Social Democratic
Party 		— Vacant throughout
presidency
21 Presidential portrait of Juscelino Kubitschek Juscelino Kubitschek
(1902–1976)
[27] 		January 31, 1956
–
January 31, 1961 		Social Democratic
Party 		1955 João Goulart
22 Presidential portrait of Jânio Quadros Jânio Quadros
(1917–1992)
[28] 		January 31, 1961
–
August 25, 1961[c] 		National Labour
Party 		1960
23 Photograph of Ranieri Mazzilli Ranieri Mazzilli
(1910–1975)
Acting
[29] 		August 25, 1961[y]
–
September 7, 1961 		Social Democratic
Party 		— Vacant throughout
presidency
24 Presidential portrait of João Goulart João Goulart
(1919–1976)
[30] 		September 7, 1961[z]
–
April 1, 1964[aa] 		Brazilian Labour
Party 		— Vacant throughout
presidency

Military dictatorship (1964–1985)[edit]

List of presidents of Brazil from 1964 – 1985.
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term[1] Political party[a] Election[b] Vice President
25 Ranieri Mazzilli[ab]
(1910–1975)
Acting
[29] 		April 2, 1964
–
April 15, 1964 		Social Democratic
Party 		— Vacant throughout
presidency
26 Presidential portrait of Humberto Castelo Branco Humberto
Castelo Branco
(1897–1967)
[31] 		April 15, 1964
–
March 15, 1967 		Unaffiliated[ac] 1964 José Maria Alkmin
National Renewal
Alliance
27 Presidential portrait of Artur da Costa e Silva Artur da Costa e Silva
(1899–1969)
[32] 		March 15, 1967
–
August 31, 1969[u] 		National Renewal
Alliance 		1966 Pedro Aleixo
— Photograph of Pedro Aleixo Pedro Aleixo
(1901–1975)
[33] 		Did not take office[ad] National Renewal
Alliance 		— —
— Military junta of 1969[ae]
[34] 		August 31, 1969
–
October 30, 1969 		Unaffiliated — Vacant throughout
leadership
28 Presidential portrait of Emílio Garrastazu Médici Emílio Garrastazu
Médici
(1905–1985)
[35] 		October 30, 1969
–
March 15, 1974 		National Renewal
Alliance 		1969 Augusto Rademaker
29 Presidential portrait of Ernesto Geisel Ernesto Geisel
(1907–1996)
[36] 		March 15, 1974
–
March 15, 1979 		National Renewal
Alliance 		1974 Adalberto
Pereira dos Santos
30 Presidential portrait of João Figueiredo João Figueiredo
(1918–1999)
[37] 		March 15, 1979
–
March 15, 1985 		National Renewal
Alliance[af] 		1978 Aureliano Chaves
Democratic Social
Party[ag]

Sixth Republic (1985–)[edit]

List of presidents of Brazil from 1985 – till date.
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term[1] Political party[a] Election[b] Vice President
— Photograph of Tancredo Neves Tancredo Neves
(1910–1985)
[38] 		Did not take office[ah] Brazilian
Democratic
Movement
Party 		1985 José Sarney
31 Presidential portrait of José Sarney José Sarney
(b. 1930)
[39] 		March 15, 1985[ai]
–
March 15, 1990 		Brazilian
Democratic
Movement
Party 		— Vacant throughout
presidency
32 Presidential portrait of Fernando Collor Fernando Collor
(b. 1949)
[40] 		March 15, 1990
–
December 29, 1992[c] 		National
Reconstruction
Party 		1989 Itamar Franco
33 Presidential portrait of Itamar Franco Itamar Franco
(1930–2011)
[41] 		December 29, 1992[aj]
–
January 1, 1995 		Brazilian
Democratic
Movement
Party 		— Vacant throughout
presidency
34 Second presidential portrait of Fernando Henrique Cardoso Fernando Henrique
Cardoso
(b. 1931)
[42] 		January 1, 1995
–
January 1, 2003 		Brazilian
Social Democracy
Party 		1994

1998

Marco Maciel
35 Second presidential portrait of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
(b. 1945)
[43] 		January 1, 2003
–
January 1, 2011 		Workers' Party 2002

2006

José Alencar
36 Second presidential portrait of Dilma Rousseff Dilma Rousseff
(b. 1947)
[44] 		January 1, 2011
–
August 31, 2016[w] 		Workers' Party 2010

2014

Michel Temer
37 Presidential portrait of Michel Temer Michel Temer
(b. 1940)
[45] 		August 31, 2016[ak]
–
January 1, 2019 		Brazilian
Democratic
Movement 		— Vacant throughout
presidency
38 Portrait of Jair Bolsonaro Jair Bolsonaro
(b. 1955)
[46] 		January 1, 2019
–
January 1, 2023 		Social Liberal
Party[al] 		2018 Hamilton Mourão
Liberal Party[am]
39 Third presidential portrait of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
(b. 1945) 		January 1, 2023
–
Incumbent 		Workers' Party
(Brazil of Hope) 		2022 Geraldo Alckmin

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f Reflects the president's political party at the start of their presidency. Changes during their time in office are noted.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Years in italics denote indirect elections.
  3. ^ a b c Resigned from office.
  4. ^ Provisional head of government from November 15, 1889 to February 25, 1891. Sworn in as President of the Republic on February 26, following the promulgation of the Constitution of 1891 on the 24th and the holding of an indirect election on the 25th.
  5. ^ Appointed as vice president to replace vice president-elect Silviano Brandão, who had died before taking office.[7]
  6. ^ a b c Died in office.
  7. ^ Nilo Peçanha succeeded to the presidency upon the death of Afonso Pena.
  8. ^ Delfim Moreira was Rodrigues Alves' running mate in the 1918 elections. The winner, Alves was prevented from taking office due to health issues and died before he had the possibility to do so. As the Constitution stipulated that a new presidential election had to be held if the president was removed before completing two years in office, Delfim held the presidency until a newly elected official could be sworn in.
  9. ^ Elected as vice president via an indirect election.[13]
  10. ^ Deposed by the Revolution of 1930.
  11. ^ Impeded from taking office by the Revolution of 1930. Despite never occupying this position, he is included in the list of former Presidents in the Library of the Presidency of the Republic, and is listed as President of Brazil in the National Archive.
  12. ^ Formed by General Tasso Fragoso, leader of the junta; General João de Deus Mena Barreto, and Admiral Isaías de Noronha.
  13. ^ Transferred power to Getúlio Vargas.
  14. ^ Carried out a self-coup that established the Estado Novo dictatorship.
  15. ^ Head of the Provisional Government from November 3, 1930 to July 20, 1934.[19] Sworn in as President of the Republic following the promulgation of the Constitution of 1934 and the holding of an indirect presidential election.
  16. ^ a b The constitutions of 1934 and 1937 had abolished the office of vice president.[20][21]
  17. ^ Deposed by the 1945 coup d'état.
  18. ^ Appointed as president by Pedro Aurélio de Góis Monteiro.
  19. ^ Elected as vice president via an indirect election, following the promulgation of the Constitution of 1946.[24]
  20. ^ Café Filho succeeded to the presidency upon the death of Getúlio Vargas.
  21. ^ a b Removed from office due to health issues.
  22. ^ Abiding by the presidential line of sucession, Carlos Luz, President of the Chamber of Deputies, succeeded to the presidency upon the removal of Café Filho.
  23. ^ a b Impeached.
  24. ^ Abiding by the presidential line of sucession, Nereu Ramos, President of the Senate, succeeded to the presidency upon the removal of Carlos Luz.
  25. ^ Ranieri Mazzilli held the presidency until the return of João Goulart to Brazil.
  26. ^ João Goulart succeeded to the presidency upon the resignation of Jânio Quadros.
  27. ^ Deposed by the 1964 coup d'état.
  28. ^ De jure head of government. De facto the Supreme Command of the Revolution, a military junta formed by Admiral Augusto Rademaker, General Artur da Costa e Silva and Brigadier Francisco de Assis Correia de Melo.
  29. ^ Until April 4, 1966, date of creation of the National Renewal Alliance.
  30. ^ Impeded from taking office by the military junta of 1969. Despite never occupying this position, Aleixo has to be included in the gallery of Presidents of Brazil by virtue of Law No. 12,486, of September 12, 2011.
  31. ^ Formed by General Aurélio de Lira Tavares, Admiral Augusto Rademaker and Brigadier Márcio de Sousa e Melo.
  32. ^ Until December 20, 1979, date of dissolution of the National Renewal Alliance.
  33. ^ From January 31, 1980, date of creation of the Democratic Social Party.
  34. ^ Died before taking office. Despite never occupying this position, Neves has to be included in the gallery of Presidents of Brazil by virtue of Law No. 7,465, of April 21, 1986.
  35. ^ Acting president from March 15 to April 21, 1985, date of death of president-elect Tancredo Neves.
  36. ^ Acting president from September 29 to December 29, 1992, due to an impeachment process opened against Fernando Collor. Itamar Franco succeeded to the presidency upon the resignation of Collor.
  37. ^ Acting president from May 12 to August 31, 2016, due to an impeachment process opened against Dilma Rousseff. Michel Temer succeeded to the presidency upon the removal of Rousseff.
  38. ^ Until November 19, 2019.[47]
  39. ^ From November 30, 2021.[48]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f Arquivo Nacional.
  2. ^ Lemos (a).
  3. ^ Lemos (b).
  4. ^ Lang (a).
  5. ^ Freire.
  6. ^ Lang (b).
  7. ^ a b Viscardi (a).
  8. ^ Ferreira (a).
  9. ^ Lemos (c).
  10. ^ Faria.
  11. ^ Viscardi (b).
  12. ^ Dias (a).
  13. ^ Biblioteca da Presidência da República (a).
  14. ^ Malin (a).
  15. ^ Mayer (a).
  16. ^ Mayer (b).
  17. ^ Abreu.
  18. ^ a b c Cachapuz.
  19. ^ Biblioteca da Presidência da República (b).
  20. ^ 1934 Constitution.
  21. ^ 1937 Constitution.
  22. ^ FGV CPDOC.
  23. ^ Malin (b).
  24. ^ a b Malin (c).
  25. ^ Keller.
  26. ^ Biblioteca da Presidência da República (c).
  27. ^ Pantoja.
  28. ^ Mayer & Xavier.
  29. ^ a b Calicchio.
  30. ^ Ferreira (b).
  31. ^ Kornis (a).
  32. ^ Lemos (d).
  33. ^ Kornis (b).
  34. ^ Lamarão.
  35. ^ Dias (b).
  36. ^ Coutinho & Guido.
  37. ^ Ramos & Costa.
  38. ^ Ramos & Campos.
  39. ^ Dias, Lemos & Carneiro.
  40. ^ Lemos (e).
  41. ^ Lemos & Carneiro (a).
  42. ^ Lemos & Carneiro (b).
  43. ^ Biblioteca da Presidência da República (d).
  44. ^ Biblioteca da Presidência da República (e).
  45. ^ Biblioteca da Presidência da República (f).
  46. ^ Biblioteca da Presidência da República (g).
  47. ^ UOL.
  48. ^ Agência Brasil.

Works cited[edit]

General

  • "Centro de Informações de Acervos dos Presidentes da República". Arquivo Nacional. Retrieved May 10, 2024.
  • "Ex-Presidentes". Biblioteca da Presidência da República. Retrieved May 10, 2024.

Biographies

Other resources

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