User:Gazamp/sandbox2
| Sainsbury's Greenwich | |
|---|---|
 Sainsbury's Greenwich in September 2010 | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Architectural style | |
| Address | 55 Bugsby's Way, Greenwich Peninsula |
| Town or city | Royal Borough of Greenwich, London |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Coordinates | 51°29′23.23″N 0°0′59.72″E / 51.4897861°N 0.0165889°E |
| Opened | 1999 |
| Closed | 24 June 2015 |
| Demolished | 2016 |
| Client | Sainsbury's |
| Height | 104 m (341 ft) |
| Dimensions | |
| Diameter | 160 m × 150 m (520 ft × 490 ft) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor area | 26,000 m2 (280,000 sq ft) |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Joseph Poelaert |
| Other information | |
| Public transit access | London Buses: Route 108,[1][2] route 129,[3] route 132,[4] route 161,[5] route 472,[6] route 486,[7] |
Sainsbury's, Greenwich, also known as the Sainsbury's Millenium Store, was a Sainsbury's supermarket building at 55 Bugsby's Way, Greenwich Peninsula, London. Opening in 1999 as Sainsbury's flagship store, the building design incorporated environmentally conscious features and gained critical acclaim, being shortlisted for the 2000 Stirling Prize. In 2014, after an application for listed status failed, planning permission to demolish the store was approved by Greenwich London Borough Council with Sainsbury's moving to a new site in Charlton. Demolition began in 2016, and an IKEA store was built on the site.
References[edit]
- ^ "Route 108: Lewisham - Blackheath - North Greenwich - Bow - Stratford". London Bus Timetable Graveyard. 25 November 2006. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
- ^ "Route 108: Lewisham - Blackheath - North Greenwich - Poplar - Bow - Stratford International". London Bus Timetable Graveyard. 1 October 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
- ^ "Route 129: North Greenwich - East Greenwich - Greenwich". London Bus Timetable Graveyard. 3 June 2006. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
- ^ "Route 132: Bexleyheath - Bexley - Blendon - Blackfen - Eltham - Blackheath - North Greenwich". London Bus Timetable Graveyard. 24 January 2009. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
- ^ "Route 161: North Greenwich - Woolwich - Chislehurst" (PDF). London Bus Timetable Graveyard. 10 May 2003. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
- ^ "Route 472: Thamesmead - Woolwich - North Greenwich" (PDF). London Bus Timetable Graveyard. 2 June 2001. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
- ^ "Route 486: North Greenwich - Qn Elizabeth Hospital - Bexleyheath" (PDF). London Bus Timetable Graveyard. 23 February 2002. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
Moody's report[edit]
Following Birmingham's Section 114 notice in September 2023, Moody's released a report warned that several other local authorities were close to having to issue notices due to high inflation, rising interest rates, the falling value of commercial property investments, and increases in social care service demands. The report also detailed the top 20 most councils with the most debt relative to their income:
| Council | Total borrowing | Borrowing to income ratio |
|---|---|---|
| Spelthorn | £1.1 billion | 86.9x |
| Woking | £2.0 billion | 62.0x |
| Eastleigh | £522 million | 41.1x |
| Runnymeade | £643 million | 23.4x |
| Worthing | £204 million | 14.4x |
| Surrey Heath | £170 million | 13.7x |
| Rushmoor | £120 million | 10.6x |
| Cherwell | £188 million | 10.3x |
| Uttlesford | £302 million | 10.0x |
| Warrington | £1.8 billion | 9.9x |
| Brentwood | £226 million | 9.7x |
| Mole Valley | £103 million | 9.6x |
| East Hampshire | £120 million | 9.5x |
| Thurrock | £1.5 billion | 7.5x |
| Adur | £165 million | 7.1x |
| Epsom and Ewell | £64 million | 6.8x |
| Broxbourne | £58 million | 6.3x |
| Guildford | £295 million | 6.0x |
| Chorley | £78 million | 5.9x |
| Warwick | £268 million | 5.9x |
Key concepts[edit]
New towns were the product of many key concepts.
Neighbourhood units[edit]
Background[edit]
The idea of the neighbourhood unit was based on the work of Clarence Perry, an American town planner who wrote a book on the concept.[1]: 63 Perry's neighbourhood units were residential areas which met the needs of families and possessed local characteristics.[1]: 63–64 This would be created by giving each neighbourhood unit its own community services like libraries, local shops and schools; neighbourhoods would surround the town centre which would have services for the entire town.[1]: 64
The concept had previously been touched upon by Ebenezer Howard, who in Garden Cities of To-morrow had written of that in his ideal garden city, residential space would be divided into six 'wards' separate from the town centre.[2]
Use in new towns[edit]
Neighbourhood units became the norm for the early phase of new towns thanks to the fact it was in fashion in British planning culture at the time and because the Reith Committee which reported on the proposed new town legislation did not have time to consider alternatives.[1]: 66 According to Andrew Homer, the use of neighbourhood units for the first new towns was "a foregone conclusion" and was adopted without any real discussion, despite committee member Frederic Osborn's privately expressing doubt about the idea's feasability.[1]: 67 The idea was strongly supported by Reith himself and by Gordon Stephenson, who was responsible for the design of Stevenage.[1]: 67–68 The Ministry of Town and Country Planning put forward its view on neighbourhood units in a 1947 report, regarding them as a way of recreating village life within the new towns though warning that they should not be seen as "a panacea for all urban planning problems".[1]: 68
The neighbourhood units in the early new towns were designed so that different income groups would live together and to preserve relatively low housing density.[1]: 69–71 The concept was used most consistently in first phase of 'mark one' new towns; of the 14 new towns designated before 1952, 11 used the neighbourhood unit in their design.[1]: 70 In 1952, a survey of the chief planning officers of English and Welsh local authorities found that 78.8% of planners had used the concept in developments which they created.[1]: 70
Decline[edit]
Neighbourhood units fell out of fashion through the 1950s. Sociologist Leo Kuper conducted a survey of Coventry, finding that housing arrangement did not create neighbourliness and that in some instances it could cause antagonism.[1]: 71 A study of Middlesbrough by Ruth Glass refuted the idea that the neighbourhood unit would create village life in towns.[1]: 71 They were harshly criticised by J. M. Richards, the editor of The Architectural Review, who wrote a 1953 article saying new towns had turned into suburbs and lacked "the urban qualities required of them".[1]: 71
By the start of the 1960s, neighbourhood units were no longer used by new town planners.[1]: 71 Cumbernauld, the first of the 'mark two' new towns, rejected the low-density, spread out neighbourhood units in favour of high-density housing with shops and facilities concentrated in the town centre.[3] Cumbernauld's schools were purposely built around the edges of the town to maximise the centralisation of housing.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Andrew Homer (2000). "Creating new communities: The role of the Neighbourhood unit in post-war British planning". Contemporary British History. 14 (1): 63–80. doi:10.1080/13619460008581572.
- ^ Ebenezer Howard (1898). To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform. p. 14.
- ^ a b Lewis Wotherspoon (6 January 2019). "Cumbernauld: Town for Tomorrow". Medium. Retrieved 27 July 2023.