Talk:List of galaxies/workpage

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Most massive galaxy[edit]

There's a complaint from May 2011 about the heaviest galaxy on the article talk page, so this table is a potential solution to that problem. 65.94.45.185 (talk) 10:26, 8 June 2011 (UTC)[reply]

Heaviest Galaxy Title-holder
Galaxy Date Mass Notes
Messier 87 -1980-1987-~2011~ 6 x 1012 MSun [1][2][3]
NGC 1961 1979- Reported to be 10 times more massive than the Milky Way Galaxy. [4]
Andromeda Galaxy 1953- [5]
Milky Way Galaxy -1953 [6]

Most expansive galaxy[edit]

Widest Galaxy Title-holder
Galaxy Date Dimension Notes
IC 1101 1990 –  diameter: 6 Mly (1.8 Mpc) This galaxy is the cD BCG galaxy of Abell 2029 cluster. It is 60 times as wide as the Milky Way Galaxy, containing 100 trillion stars (our galaxy contains 3 billion), and emits 26% of the light the entire cluster emits, which itself is richer than the comparable Coma Cluster.[7][8][9][10]
Markarian 348
(Mkn 348 , Mkr 348 , Mrk 348 ,
Mark 348 , NGC 262) 		1987 – 1990 diameter: 1.3 Mly (400 kpc) This galaxy is 13 times as wide as the Milky Way Galaxy.[9][11]
NGC 1961 (Arp 184) 1979 –  diameter: 600 kly (180 kpc) Reported to be 10 times more massive than the Milky Way Galaxy. [4]
Andromeda Galaxy 1952 –  -1974- diameter: ~100–150 kly (31–46 kpc) [12][13][14]
Milky Way Galaxy 1920s – 1952 diameter: ~100 kly (31 kpc) Our galaxy was the first to have its size estimated. During the 1920's it was determined that the universe was comprised of the Milky Way and outside "island universes" or galaxies, and some estimates of the Milky Way's size separate from the rest of the universe were made. By 1925, it was already known that many "external nebulae" were comparable in size; though not known to be larger. [6][15][14][16]
Widest Galaxy by Type
Galaxy Type Dimension Notes
Malin 1 Disc galaxy diameter: 650 kly (200 kpc) This SB0a LSB giant barred spiral galaxy has a typical disc of 30kly, a 10kly bulge, and an extended diffuse disc extending 650kly. [17][18]
IC 1101 Elliptical galaxy diameter: 6 Mly (1.8 Mpc) This galaxy is the cD BCG galaxy of Abell 2029 cluster. It is 60 times as wide as the Milky Way Galaxy, containing 100 trillion stars (our galaxy contains 3 billion), and emits 26% of the light the entire cluster emits, which itself is richer than the comparable Coma Cluster.[7][8][9][10]
Malin 1 LSB galaxy diameter: 650 kly (200 kpc) This SB0a LSB giant barred spiral galaxy has a typical disc of 30kly, a 10kly bulge, and an extended diffuse disc extending 650kly. [17][18]
RG J1420-0545
(FIRST J1420-0545 , NVSS J1420-0545 ,
FIRST J141956.0-054410 , NVSS J141956-054409) 		Radio galaxy major axis: 4.69 Mpc (15.3 Mly) [19]
4C74.26 Radio galaxy associated with a quasar major axis: 1.6 Mpc (5.2 Mly) Largest giant quasar. [20]
Widest Spiral Galaxy Title-holder
Galaxy Date Dimension Notes
Malin 1 1986 –  -1997- diameter: 650 kly (200 kpc) This SB0a LSB giant barred spiral galaxy has a typical disc of 30kly, a 10kly bulge, and an extended diffuse disc extending 650kly. [17][18]
NGC 1961 (Arp 184) 1979 –  diameter: 600 kly (180 kpc) This SBbc D-type giant LINER barred spiral galaxy is asymmetric. Reported to be 10 times more massive than the Milky Way Galaxy. It was once the largest galaxy known. [4][21]
Andromeda Galaxy 1952 –  -1974- diameter: ~100–150 kly (31–46 kpc) [12][13][14]
Milky Way Galaxy 1920s – 1952 diameter: ~100 kly (31 kpc) Our galaxy was the first to have its size estimated. During the 1920's it was determined that the universe was comprised of the Milky Way and outside "island universes" or galaxies, and some estimates of the Milky Way's size separate from the rest of the universe were made. By 1925, it was already known that many "external nebulae" were comparable in size; though not known to be larger. [6][15][14][16]
Widest Radio-Galaxy Title-holder
Galaxy Date Dimension Notes
RG J1420-0545
(FIRST J1420-0545 , NVSS J1420-0545 ,
FIRST J141956.0-054410 , NVSS J141956-054409) 		2008 –  major axis: 4.69 Mpc (15.3 Mly) [19]
3C236 1980 – 2008 major axis: 4.380 Mpc (14.29 Mly) [22][23][24][19]
NGC 6251 1978 –  major axis: 3 Mpc (9.8 Mly) [25]
NGC 315 1976 – 1978 major axis: 1.7 Mpc (5.5 Mly) [26][27][28]
NGC 5128 / Centaurus A 1960 –  -1969- major axis: 0.7–1 Mpc (2.3–3.3 Mly) [29][30]
Cygnus A 1953 – 1960 major axis: 20 kpc (65 kly) First radio-galaxy somewhat accurately measured.[29][31][32]
Widest Radio-Galaxies
Rank Galaxy Dimension Notes
1 RG J1420-0545
(FIRST J1420-0545 , NVSS J1420-0545 ,
FIRST J141956.0-054410 , NVSS J141956-054409) 		major axis: 4.69 Mpc (15.3 Mly) [19]
2 3C236 major axis: 4.380 Mpc (14.29 Mly) [24][19]
3 WN B2147+81 (WN B2147+8141 , NVSS 2146+82) major axis: 3.56 Mpc (11.6 Mly) [24][33]
4 RG J1343+3758
(FIRST J1343+3758 , FIRST J134254.5+375818) 		major axis: 3.14 Mpc (10.2 Mly) [24]

Further reading[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Aretê Publishing Company, "Academic American Encyclopedia", Volume 19, 1980, ISBN 0933880006, pp.613
  2. ^ Springer-Verlag, "Exploring the Southern Sky", Svend Laustsen, Claus Madsen, Richard M. West, 1987, ISBN 3540177353, pp.112
  3. ^ Wired, "Astronomers Weigh Heaviest Black Hole Yet", Lisa Grossman, 12 January 2011
  4. ^ a b c Observer-Reporter, "Largest Known Galaxy Now Identified", Associated Press, 8 March 1979, section D, page 1
  5. ^ "Astronomical Cosmology: The Observational Evidence", H.A. Bruck, 1953
  6. ^ a b c British Astronomical Association, "Journal of the British Astronomical Association", Volumes 64-65, pp.186
  7. ^ a b LA Times, "Largest Galaxy Discovered", 1990 October 29, page 3, section B
  8. ^ a b New Scientist, "Science: Monster galaxy dominates cluster", 3 November 1990
  9. ^ a b c New York Times, "Sighting of Largest Galaxy Hints Clues on the Clustering of Matter", John Noble Wilford, 1990 October 26
  10. ^ a b Astronomical Journal, "CCD surface photometry of galaxies with dynamical data. II - UBR photometry of 39 elliptical galaxies", Peletier, Reynier F.; Davies, Roger L.; Illingworth, Garth D.; Davis, Lindsey E.; Cawson, Michael;, October 1990, Vol. 100, pp.1091-1142, Bibcode:1990AJ....100.1091P , doi:10.1086/115582 , ISSN 0004-6256
  11. ^ Post-Gazette, "Astronomers Find Largest Galaxy", Associated Press, 13 March 1987
  12. ^ a b Free Lance-Star, "What is a Nebula?", A. Leokum, 7 March 1974, p.28
  13. ^ a b Southeast Missourian, "Briefs From Around World", 3 June 1960
  14. ^ a b c d New York Times, "Scale of Universe Slated for Change; Dr. Shapely Discloses His Measurements at Parley of Astronomical Society", Charles A. Federer, 31 December 1952
  15. ^ a b New York Times, "Island Universes Charted By Scientists", WJ Luyten, 23 August 1925
  16. ^ a b Pittsburgh Press, "Light Is Same As Radio, Though With Shorter Waves", 20 February 1927
  17. ^ a b c Scientific American, "The Ghostliest Galaxies", GD Bothun, Vol. 276, No. 2, February 1997, pp.40-45, Bibcode:1997SciAm.276b..40B
  18. ^ a b c Ken Crosswell, "Malin 1: A Bizarre Galaxy Gets Slightly Less So", 22 January 2007
  19. ^ a b c d e Astrophysical Journal, "J1420-0545: The Radio Galaxy Larger than 3C 236", Machalski, J.; Kozieł-Wierzbowska, D.; Jamrozy, M.; Saikia, D. J.;, Volume 679, Issue 1, pp. 149-155, May 2008, arXiv:0808.2742 , Bibcode:2008ApJ...679..149M , doi:10.1086/586703
  20. ^ Royal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices, "4C74.26 - The largest radio source associated with a quasar", vol.236, pp.13P-19P, 15 January 1989, ISSN 0035-8711 , Bibcode:1989MNRAS.236P..13R
  21. ^ University of Alabama, Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Physics & Astronomy, "NGC 1961"
  22. ^ Astronomy and Astrophysics, "The large and small scale radio structure of 3C236", Barthel, P. D.; Miley, G. K.; Jagers, W. J.; Schilizzi, R. T.; Strom, R. G.;, vol. 148, no. 2, July 1985, ISSN 0004-6361, pp.243-253, Bibcode:1985A&A...148..243B
  23. ^ Krips Repro, "Structure in Radio Galaxies", Willem Johannes Maria van Breugel, 1980, pp.93
  24. ^ a b c d Astronomy and Astrophysics, "J1343+3758: the third largest FRII-type radio galaxy in the Universe", J. Machalski, M. Jamroz, 17 October 2000, vol.363, pp.L17–L20 (2000), Bibcode:2000A&A...363L..17M Cite error: The named reference "AnA-2000-11" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  25. ^ New Scientist, "Largest radio galaxy is well organised mechanically", 29 June 1978
  26. ^ Ottawa Citizen, "Biggest Galaxy Sighted", UPI, 28 October 1976
  27. ^ Nature, "Giant radio galaxy NGC315", Bridle, A. H.; Davis, M. M.; Meloy, D. A.; Fomalont, E. B.; Strom, R. G.; Willis, A. G.;, vol. 262, pp.179-182, 15 July 1976, Bibcode:1976Natur.262..179B , doi:10.1038/262179a0 , A&AAid: AAA018.141.016
  28. ^ Astronomy and Astrophysics, "NGC 612-A Radio Galaxy with a Disk", Ekers, R. D.; Goss, W. M.; Kotanyi, C. G.; Skellern, D. J.;, Vol. 69, p.L21 (1978), October 1978, Bibcode:1978A&A....69L..21E , A&AAid: AAA022.141.071
  29. ^ a b Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, "A Study of Centaurus A at 31 Centimeters", Bolton, J. G.; Clark, B. G.;, Vol.72, No.424, p.29, February 1960, Bibcode:1960PASP...72...29B , doi:10.1086/127469
  30. ^ Proceedings: International Union of Pure and Applied Physics: Cosmic Ray Commission, Ranjan Roy Daniel, Vol.3, , 1964, ed. W. O. Lock, pp.234
  31. ^ Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, "The Structure of Radio Galaxies", Moffet, Alan T., vol. 4, p.145, 1966, doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.04.090166.001045 , Bibcode:1966ARA&A...4..145M
  32. ^ Astrophysical Journal, "Identification of the Radio Sources in Cassiopeia (A), Cygnus A, and Puppis A", Baade, W.; Minkowski, R., vol. 119, p.206, January 1954, doi:10.1086/145812 , Bibcode:1954ApJ...119..206B
  33. ^ Astronomical Journal, "Multiwavelength Observations of the Second-Largest Known Fanaroff-Riley Type II Radio Galaxy, NVSS 2146+82", Palma, Christopher; Bauer, Franz E.; Cotton, William D.; Bridle, Alan H.; Majewski, Steven R.; Sarazin, Craig L.;, Volume 119, Issue 5, pp. 2068-2084, May 2000, arXiv:astro-ph/0002033 , Bibcode:2000AJ....119.2068P , doi:10.1086/301347
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