Talk:3rd World Congress of the Communist International

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Attempt at summary[edit]

Comparing page 67-70 of "To the Masses" (the invite list), page 897-899 of "To the Masses" (the participant info) with CIML website (not very WP:RS perhaps) and the different delegation infos elsewhere on this talk page;

Country (TTM) Invitations (TTM) Organization Participating (TTM 897-899) No. of delegates
(TTM 897-899) 		Org/Participants (CIML) Commentary Delegates identified? Resolved?
Argentina Communist Party CP 2 Kommunistische Partei Argentiniens (2 Teilnehmer) Clearly the Communist Party of Argentina. One of the delegates would have been Rodolfo José Ghioldi [es]. But we also have 3 other people from Argentina. MASHEVICH, Mayor Semionovich spoke at the congress, so I suppose he's the second PCA delegate. Jeifets, Jeifets and Huber (2004) writes that Ghioldi had consultative status, but this isn't highlighted on the CIML listing
  • Rodolfo José Ghioldi [es][1]
  • Ghioldi, "Viajó a Rusia el 29.5.1921 y fue delegado en el III congreso de la Comintern con voz consultiva. Llevó al congreso el saludo de los comunistas de Uruguay."[2]
  • MASHEVICH, Mayor Semionovich "Financió el viaje del delegado del PCA al III Congreso de la Comintern, R. Ghioldi* y, junto con él, salió de nuevo hacia Rusia. Presentó en el III Congreso de la Comintern, el informe sobre el movimiento obrero argentino y «parcialmente sobre Chile, Uruguay y Brasil», insistiendo varias veces en ser recibido por V.I.Lenin."[3] - there could be a mix-up between 2nd and 3rd congresses, this ref states that he attended 2nd congress.[4] FORSA member[4]
  • YAROSHEVSKII, Mijail Efimovich, (14.1.1880, Soroki, Besarabia -¿?) "Miembro del PCA (1921). Llegó a Moscú como corresponsal de los periódicos sindicales y del PCA (1.6.1921) y asistió al III Congreso de la Comintern, Miembro del RKP/b/(1921)."[5] Page number?
  • YASELMAN (IOSSELMAN), Zalman Izrailevich, (7.11.1889, Paris -¿?) "Uno de los fundadores del PSIA (1918) y delegado al Congreso del PCA (1921) por el Centro Núm. 9 y por el Grupo Comunista Ruso. compañó a R. Ghioldi* al III Congreso de la Comintern sin tener la credencial oficial (1921)."[5] Page number? Yaselman would later serve as a translator as a volunteer in the Spanish Civil War.[6][7]
2 / 2
 Yes
Communist Workers Federation (consultative vote) No participation?
Armenia Communist Party CP 8 Kommunistische Partei Armeniens (8 Teilnehmer: Sarkis Kasjan) Communist Party of Armenia
  • Sarkis Kasyan[8][9]
  • Sahak Ter-Gabrielyan[9]
  • Avis Nurijanyan[9]
  • "Կոմունիստական ինտերնացիոնալի III կոնգրեսը տեղի է ունեցել 1921 թ. հունիսի 22-ից մինչեւ հուլիսի 12-ը Մոսկվայում: Որպես Հայաստանի կոմկուսի պատվիրակ կոնգրեսին մասնակցել են Ս. Կասյանը, Ս. Տեր-Գաբրիելյանը եւ Ա. Նուրիջանյանը: Կոնգրեսի հուլիսի "[9]
3 / 8
Azerbaijan Communist Party CP 6 Kommunistische Partei Aserbaidshans (6 Teilnehmer: Awilowa) Communist Party of Azerbaijan.
  • "Азербайджана делегировал Г. Мусабекова, И. Авилова, М. Кахиани, меня и не помню еще кого-то на Третий Конгресс Коммунистического Интернационала. Конгресс открылся 22 июня"[10]
  • Gazanfar Musabekov[11][12]
  • Ibrahim Abilov [az:İbrahim Əbilov][10]
  • Mikheil Kakhiani[10] (Note, he shifted to Georgian party in Nov 1921...)
  • Babayev, Cəfər Mövsüm oğlu - БАБАЕВ Джафар Мовсум оглы[13] - he was in Komsomol and delegate to both II YCI and III comintern congresses, so he could be the Baku youth delegate. Party member since 1918.
3 / 6
Austria Communist Party CP 7 Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (7 Teilnehmer:Koritschoner, Ries) Communist Party of Austria.
5 / 7
PZ not in the list, seems to have been invited separately PZ 14 Poale Zion (14 Teilnehmer) This is a bit confusing, since PZ is also listed separately with 3. It means the Austria PZ affiliate had 14 delegates of its own? Presumably it is the Left World Union of PZ or its affiliate, since the Left PZ had applied for affiliation with Comintern. Who are these 14 delegates?
0 / 14
Australia Communist Party CP 4 Kommunistische Partei Australiens (4 Teilnehmer: Raith, William P. Earsman)

2 delegations: Australia Socialist Party - Paul Freeman and Alf Rees / Communist Party of Australia - William Earsman and Jack Howie

  • "Two main groupings, the Australian Socialist Party and the Communist Party of Australia had still not resolved their differences. Both these parties sent delegates to the Third World Congress of the CI in Moscow in June- July 1921."[20] ASP sent representatives to the Congress.[21] *Does this mean ASP+CPA combined had 4 delegates? The ASP needs a wiki article. William Earsman was the CPA general secretary. Who was Raith? Who were there the other two?
  • "Early in 1921 the Comintern sent an invitation to the “Australian Communist Party” to send a delegate to the Third Congress, to be held in Moscow later that year. The ASP appointed Freeman as its delegate and gave him two proxy votes. Despite CPA attempts to prevent his leaving by informing the authorities of his illegal presence in Australia, he departed for Russia. The rival party promptly sent off its delegate, W. P. Earsman, accompanied by Howie, delegate to the first RILU conference, which was to be held just before the Third Congress of the Comintern. [...] They worked their passages to Great Britain, arriving finally in Moscow on 13 June 1921 to discover that they had arrived before Freeman. A. Rees, another ASP delegate, was already there awaiting Freeman, who had his credentials. A third ASP delegate, Quinton, had been arrested in England while on his way to Russia."[22]
  • 'Freeman' is Paul Freeman
  • 'Howie' is Jack Howie
  • 'Rees' is Alf Rees per p. 735 of To the Masses...
4 / 4
 Yes
Baku Youth 1 Jugendverband This is a bit confusing. TTM says 1 youth delegate and 2 delegates from Eastern Bureau. CIML just says 'Jugendverband' (no detail on number of delegates) and expresses doubt on the quantity of delegates from the Eastern Bureau. Which youth organization? 'Eastern Bureau' is the Council for Propaganda and Action of the Peoples of the East, a redirect for now. Who were the delegates? - 1 Youth, 1 Orientburo per http://aaap.be/Pdf/Comintern-Congresses/Comintern-Congresses-de-03-1921-27.pdf
0 / 1
Eastern Bureau 1 Rat für Aktionen und Propaganda der Völker des Ostens (1 Teilnehmer)?
0 / 1
Bashkiria CP 2 Komunistische Partei Baschkiriens (2 Teilnehmer) The article Bashkir Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which implies that the Regional Committee began in 1919, is not properly sourced. Who were the delegates?
0 / 2
Belgium Invite as 'interested group'
  • Left Socialist Party of Belgium (Brussels Federation)
 Socialist Revolutionaries 2 Sozialistische Partei Belgiens (2 Teilnehmer)

Which party is this? Is it the party mentioned in the invite list? Who were the delegates?

  • "Comrade Leipig, a visitor representing the Left Wing of the Belgian Party, was then given the floor"[24] Is it this group???
  • "Two groups on the far left broke away from the party. In August 1920 several militants of the Belgian Socialist Youth (Jeunesse Socialiste Belge), including Edouard van Overstraeten, left the POB and formed a communist group whose organ became the newspaper L'Ouvrier communiste. In addition, the minority socialists of the left set up a group within the POB, but in open opposition to the party majority, with the newspaper L'Exploite as their press organ; they held three consecutive congresses and then, in May 1921, broke with the POB and formed the Communist Party of Belgium (Parti Communiste de Belgique, PCB), with Joseph Jacquemotte as leader. As the Comintern stipulated that there could be only one communist party in each country, the two Belgian communist groups were invited to send two delegates each to Moscow to negotiate with the Comintern Executive with a view toward their union. Negotiations began in the summer of 1921 during the third congress of the Comintern, with van Overstraeten and Jacquemotte taking part, and"[25]
  • Two CPs - One formed by van Overstraeten in Nov 1920 and second formed in May 1921 by the POB left led by Jaquemotte.[26]
  • "Début juillet 1921, des délégations des deux partis communistes étaient présentes à Moscou pour discuter des problèmes belges avec le Comité exécutif de l’Internationale. La délégation de « l’aile gauche du P.O.B. » − appellation qui lui fut donnée à Moscou − était composée de Joseph Jacquemotte et Robert Poulet, celle du P.C.B. reconnu de War Van Overstraeten et Félix Coenen."[27]
  • "Joseph Jacquemotte se rend à Moscou, devant l’Exécutif de l’IC. Invité en tant que représentant de « l’aile gauche du POB »"[28]
  • Jules Poulet was Jacquemotte's companion in the III congress (...and not Roger Poulet...)[23]

...So Jacquemotte and Poulet were invited as Socialist Party left-wing, Van Overstraeten and Coenen as CP

2 / 2
 Yes
Youth 1 Jugendverband Belgiens (1 Teilnehmer) The YCL of Belgium? Or the youth wing of the socialists mentioned above? Who was the delegate?
0 / 1
Communist Party CP 2 Kommunistische Partei Belgiens (2 Teilnehmer: Van Overstraeten, Jaquemotte) CP is Communist Party of Belgium.
2 / 2
 Yes
Britain United Communist Party CP 14 Komunistische Partei Englands (14 Teilnehmer: Bell, Smith, Wogan, Jullist?, Tom Mann) This has to be the Communist Party of Great Britain.
10 / 14
Independent Labour Party SP 1 Sozialistische Partei Englands (1 Teilnehmer) Socialist Labour Party
  • James Clunie[38][39]
  • "This was not a forlorn hope, for although the 1921 S.L.P. Conference defeated by seventeen votes to five a resolution calling on the S.L.P. to join the C.P.G.B., the party continued to regard itself as part of the Third International. The Conference decided by twenty-two votes to one to seek direct affiliation to the Third International and sent James Clunie as its delegate to the Third C.I. Congress in Moscow in June, 1921. The credentials committee refused to accept Clunie as a delegate because the S.L.P. had refused to join the British C.P., but it allowed him to attend as a guest."[38]
1 / 1
 Yes
Antiparliamentary Group 1 Antiparlamentarische Gruppe (1 Teilnehmer) Anti-Parliamentary Communist Federation. Who was the delegate? It was Rose Witcop.[40] "It should perhaps be noted that Rose Witcop travelled to Moscow later in 1921 with APCF credentials to negotiate for ‘associate membership’ of the Comintern; ultimately nothing came of this, and it appears to have been her own initiative to gain financial support for the movement."[41] not Henry Sara - who seems to have returned to England before the Congress started.[42]
1 / 1
 Yes
Bukhara Communist Party (with consultative vote) CP 7 Jugendverband (7 Teilnehmer) Here there is a discrepancy between TTM and CIML, is it the Communist Party of Bukhara or a youth organization (and if so, which one)? Who were the delegates? 'Bukhara' should link to Bukharan People's Soviet Republic Communist Party, per http://aaap.be/Pdf/Comintern-Congresses/Comintern-Congresses-de-03-1921-27.pdf
0 / 7
Bulgaria Communist Party CP 19 Kommunistische Partei Bulgariens (19 Teilnehmer: Kolarow) Communist Party of Bulgaria.
  • Salcho Vasilev[50]
  • Vladimir Blagoev[50]
  • Ivan Abadjiev[50]
  • Ana Maimunkova [bg] (Haskovo)[45][50]
  • Todor Lukanov [bg] (Pleven)[45][50]
  • Pencho Dvoryanov [bg] (Dereli)[45][50]
  • Todor Atanasov (metal worker from Sofia)[45]
  • Vasil Tabachkin (Pleven)[45]
  • Lulcho Chervenkov (Zlatitsa)[45]
  • Gencho Petrov (Barna)[45]
  • Ivan K. (miner from Gorna Oryahovitsa)[45]
  • Koemdzhiev (textile worker, Sliven)[45]
  • Ivan Minkov [bg][50]
  • "На следущата 1921 г. партията организира по-добре и здраво участието ни в Третия конгрес на Коминтерна. Една част от делегатите и сътрудниците, които можаха да се снабдят с паспорт, заминаха през Виена, а тези, които не можаха да се снабдят с такъв, заминаха нелегално през Черно море. Между последните бях и аз. И наистина в Москва делегатите успешно се събраха и участвуваха в конгреса. Колкото си спомням, делегацията ни беше малка, но имената на всички не мога да си спомня. Засега си спомням следните другари: Георги Димитров от София Васил Коларов от София Ана Маймункова от Хасково Тодор Луканов от Плевен . Пенчо Дворянов от с. Дерели - Карловско Тодор Атанасов - металик от София Васил Табачкин от Плевен Лулчо Червенков от София-Златица Генчо Петров от Варна 10. Димитър Попов от Варна - 11. Иван Костадинов от Горна Оряховица, миньор в Перник. 12. Куюмджиев - текстилен работник от Сливен 13. Коста Янков - запасен майор от София"[45]
  • "се водеше от другарите Георги Димитров и Васил Коларов и в нея влизаха Тодор Луканов, Ана Маймункова, Пенчо Дво- рянов, Коста Янков, Иван Минков, Найден Киров, Иван Абаджиев, Владимир Благоев, Салчо Василев и др."[50]
  • For II congress in 1920, one of two boats used by BKP to cross the Black Sea had been captured by Romanian forces, and Vasil Kolarov, Georgi Dimitrov and Kosta Yankov jailed. For III congress, BKP prepared differently. Those who could get passports travelled via Vienna, others on boat over the Black Sea.[45]
  • Kolarov and Dimitrov led the delegation[50]
19 / 19
Youth 1 Jugendverband Bulgariens (1 Teilnehmer) Young Communist League of Bulgaria
1 / 1
Canada Communist groups SP 1 Sozialistische Partei Kanadas (1 Teilnehmer: Morgan) Socialist Party of Canada - Joseph R. Knight ('Morgan')[8] CP sympathizer, One Big Union (Canada) organizer in Ontario[8]
1 / 1
 Yes
Central America Communist groups No Central American delegation at the III congress
Chile Socialist Party Presumably the Socialist Workers' Party (Chile), didn't participate.
China
  • Left Socialist Party (with consultative vote)
  • Communist groups (with consultative vote)
 CP 1 Kommunistische Partei Chinas (1 Teilnehmer: Tschan Ta-Lai) Communist Party of China - Zhang Tailei[53] the sole Chinese speaker at the Congress[53]
  • "Thus, the participation of a Chinese delegate to the third Comintern congress, unbeknownst to the organization within China, was principally handled by the Far Eastern Secretariat of the Comintern in Irkutsk, and Zhang Tailei, who had no direct or indirect contact with the organization back home, was nominated and the CCP left to ratify the nomination,"[54]
  • Chinese delegates at III congress were Zhang Tailei and Yu Xiusong[55]
  • Whilst both Zhang and Yu Xiusong were from the SYL, seems Yu Xiusong attended the CYI congress, thus the 'youth delegate'[56]
1 / 1
 Yes
Youth 1 Jugendverband Chinas (1 Teilnehmer) Socialist Youth League of China. Yu Xiusong
1 / 1
 Yes
Constantinople CP 1 Kommunistische Partei Konstantinopels (1 Teilnehmer) Communist Party of Turkey (historical)? There were other groups around at the time as well. Who was the delegate? [Süleyman Nuri}[57]
  • Riddell writes; "Constantinople Communist Group — group of Turkish intellectuals around the journal Kurtulus (Liberation); founded by exiles in Berlin; functioned in Constantinople (Istanbul) from May 1919; founded what became Turkish CP"[58]
  • "Önce Dr. Şefik Hüsnü'nün önderlik ettiği İstanbul Komünist Grubu'nun Komintern III. Dünya Kongresi için hazırlamış olduğu rapordan, ardından yukarıda da delegelik konusundaki tartışmalarına işaret ettiğimiz TKF Teşkilât Bürosu'nun konuşmalarından söz edeceğiz. Yine yukarıda verdiğimiz Tahirzade Haydar'ın raporunda sözü edilen III. Dünya Kongresi'ne katılmış “Rum teşkilâtı kâtib-i mesûlü” Serafim Maksimos'un konuşma veya raporu hakkında ise elimizde herhangi bir belge yoktur. İKG'nin Komintern III. Dünya Kongresi'ne raporu, II. Kongre'ye Ethem Nejat ve Hilmi oğlu Hakkı ulaşamadığından ve orası için hazırlanmış Fransızca raporun çevirisini Ethem Nejat TKF Kuruluş Kongresi'nde okumuş olduğundan, bir anlamda bu teşkilâtın kuruluşundan, yani Mayıs 1920'den"[59]
  • Seraphim Maximos [el] - any ref that he was the delegate??
0 / 1
Cuba Communist groups
Czechoslovakia
CP 27 Kommunistische Partei der Tschechoslowakei (27 Teilnehmer: Birman)
  • 27 delegates of communist parties and 2 from youth[60]
  • Out of the 29 delegates - Smeral (1 - "který přijel mimořádně a dodatečně"), German Division (5), CPCz (20), Polish group of Karol Sliwka (1), unknown (2)[60] (The Youth are counted where? Are they the 2 'unknown'? At least 1 youth delegate was with German Division...)
  • Edmund Burian of Brno head of CPCz delegation, deputy delegation leader Matej Kršiak of Ružomberok, delegation secretary Jaroslav Handlíř of Prague and 'zapisovatelem' Miloš Vaněk."[60]
  • Delegation carried a memorandum from CPCz, requesting affiliation to CI.[60]
  • The Czechoslovak delegation arrived in Moscow via Riga on 4 June 1921.[60]
  • "Na pozvání Exekutivy Komunistické internacionály delegovalo ústředí strany na III. kongres KI do Moskvy 25 delegátů, jelo však pouze 21, zbývajícím byly odepřeny cestovní pasy. Delegáty byli: Handlíř, Dr Šmeral, Douša, Hájek, A. Kře- nová a Zavadil z Prahy, Fr. Sailer z Loun, Fr. Melichar z Pardubic, Fr. Koza z Hradce Králové, Oldř. Formánek z Ml. Boleslavi, Jan Jaroš z Radvanic, Met. Gala, Eda Burián a M. Knytlová z Brna, Fr. Kučera z Kladna, Oto Rydlo z Třebíče, T. Koutný z Hodonína, Kršjak ze Slovenska a j. Za německé soudruhy Karel Kreibich z Liberce, za revoluční židovskou organisaci Poale Zion Rudolf Kohn z Prahy. Jména soudruhů madarských ze Slovenska vypadla mně z paměti. V Berlíně jsme na týden uvízli pro téžkosti s průjezdnými"[61]
  • 25 delegates named, but only 21 could travel, 4 denied passports[61]
  • Author forgot names of Magyar delegates from Slovakia[61]
  • Delegation got stuck in Berlin for a week[61]
  • "Delegace Komunistické strany Československa: Burian Edmund (Brno), Doležal Jan (Brno), Douša Václav (Praha), Formánek Oldřich (Mladá Boleslav), Galla Metoděj (Brno), Handlíř Jaroslav (Praha), Hájek Rudolf (Praha), Jaroš Jan (Mor. Ostrava), Knytlová Marie (Brno), Kršiak Metoděj (Ružomberok), Křenová Anna (Praha), Koutný Tomáš (Hodonín), Koza František (Hradec Králové), Kučera František (Kladno), Melichar František (Pardubice), Rydlo Otto (Třebíč), Sailer František..."[62]

CPCz delegates:

German division delegates:

Polish group delegates:

Unclear affiliation:

  • Bohumír Šmeral[68] Somehow, per [60] Smeral was not representing any party specifically... But I'd say he still has to be listed as a KSC delegates...
  • "Lenin in his speech approved Smeral's tactics for the Czechoslovak Communists. His approval might be explained by the coincident change in the Bolshevik over-all policy - the adoption of the NEP, which, similar to Smeral's ideas, emphasized closer contact with greater masses. The Third Comintern Congress discussed also the Czechoslovak application to the Comintern. The Communists from the Czechoslovak territory were accepted by the Comintern with only one stipulation, namely, that the German and Czechoslovak sections, which so far had existed independently of each other, would merge into one"[69]
21 / 22
Communist Party of German Bohemia
1 / 5
Youth 2 Jugendverband der Tschechoslowakei (2 Teilnehmer) Young Communist League of Czechoslovakia
    • Bruno Köhler [de] - "Köhler, Bruno [1900–89] – member of Sudetenland SDP in Austrian empire; became member of Sudetenland CP, which unified with Czechoslovak CP 1921; Third World Congress delegate from Czechoslovak Communist Youth", [70]
1 / 2
Denmark Communist Party CP 6 Kommunistische Partei Dänemarks (6 Teilnehmer) Communist Party of Denmark.
  • "The other delegates from DKP were Niels Madsen and Georg Laursen. In addition to the Profintern Congress, Paul Gissemann and Niels Johnsen participated in the Comintern World Congress as observers. Also Lauritz Hansen from the Dansk Føderalistisk Sammenslutning was in Moscow, where he attended the Profintern Congress and negotiated for entry into the Profintern."[71]
  • "Danske kommunister i Stockholm på vej til Kominterns 3. kongres 22.6.- 12.7.1921. Stående fra venstre: Niels Madsen, Thøger Thøgersen og Sigvald Hellberg. Forrest: Georg Laursen, Edvard Jensen og Aage Jørgensen."[71]
  • "Billede taget i Stockholm på vej til Moskva: Stående: Niels Madsen (senere Snedkerforb.s form.), Th. Thøgersen og Sigv. Hellberg. Forrest: Georg Laursen, Edvard Jensen (senere provinsbogtrykkernes form.) og Aage Jørgensen."[72]
  • "Kominterns tredje verdenskongres blev afholdt fra den 22. juni til den 12. juli 1921. Der var 509 delegerede fra 48 lande, hvoraf 291 havde fuld stemmeret. Fra Danmark deltog ifølge Arbejderbladet 19.6.21: Niels Madsen, Thøger Thøgersen, Sigv. Hellberg, Georg Laursen, Edv. Jensen og Aage Jørgensen. Niels Johnsen deltog med rådgivende stemme, men er ikke med på billedet i Arbejderbladet. Sandsynligvis har der ved siden af delegationen været en delegation til 1. RFI kongres, hvori Niels Johnsen og Poul Gissemann deltog."[73]

Based on this, we can deduct that the DKP delegation consisted of

6 / 6
 Yes
Invited as 'interested group'
  • Federation of Oppositional Trade Unions of Denmark
 Fagoppositionens Sammenslutning (FS) (Unity of the Trade Union Opposition), attended Profintern congress.
  • Seems Poul Gissemann perhaps only attended the Profintern congress...[71][73]
  • Niels Johnsen, consultative vote at the Comintern congress[74][73]
1 / 1
 Yes
Egypt CP 1 Ägypten Kommunistische Partei Ägyptens (1 Teilnehmer) Which party was this, since not sure Egyptian Socialist Party (which became the Egyptian Communist Party in 1922) founded then. Who was the delegate? See Egyptian Communist Party (1921),
0 / 1
Estonia Communist Party CP 5 Komunistische Partei Estlands (5 Teilnehmer) Communist Party of Estonia.
  • "On June 19, 1921, in the days of the Third Congress of the Comintern in Moscow, the first conference of the Communist Parties of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania took place. The CPE was represented by J. Anvelt, P. Lepp, and H. Pöögelmann, the Communist Party of Latvia—by D. Beika, J. Krümills-Pilats and P. Stučka, the Communist Party of Lithuania—by Z. Angarietis and V. Kapsukas (MickeviČius)."[75]
  • et:Hans Pöögelmann[75][76]
  • Paul Lepp (Krüger)[75][76]
  • Jaan Anvelt[75][77][76]
  • Engelbert Strauch [et][75][78]
  • S. Jänes[75][78]
  • [76] says Poogelmann, Anvelt and Paul Kruger elected as EKP delegates to III Congress.
  • "At the congress, the representatives of the Estonian Communists were J. Anvelt, S. Jänes, P. Krüger (Lepp), R. Nadson (V. Tuberik), H. Pöögelmann and E. Strauch."[75]
  • EKP 5 member delegation, Anvelt, Lepp and Poogelmann decisive votes, S . Jänes ja E . Strauch consultative vote.[78]
5 / 5
 Yes
Independent Social Democracy USP 2 Unabhängige Sozialistische Partei Estlands (2 Teilnehmer) This should be Estonian Independent Socialist Workers' Party.
2 / 2
 Yes
Youth 1 Jugendverband Estlands (1 Teilnehmer) All Estonian Young Proletarian Association
1 / 1
 Yes
Far Eastern Republic Communist Party CP 2 Kommunistische Partei (2 Teilnehmer) Is this really the Far Eastern Republic? CIML just mentions 'Far East'. [82] says "Shumiatskii, Boris, 1886-? Comintern official and diplomat. Helped organize the Comintern Secretariat for the Far East in Irkutsk (1920-1921) and attended the Third Congress of the Comintern as a delegate thereof (1921)." Irkutsk was not in the Far Eastern Republic. If this refers to the Far East Secretariat, who was the other delegate?

According to Wikipedia(!) Shumyatsky was premier of the Far Eastern Republic from November 1920 to April 1921, whereupon there was White coup. Apparently there was a Far Eastern Bureau with Roy in Tashkent, another in Siberia with Grigori Voitinsky which may have mutated into the Far Eastern Secretariat, but Voitinsky also appears with a Far eastern Bureau in Shanghai. Perhaps "Far East" provides a contemporary flavour of ambiguity?

1 / 2
Youth 1 Jugendverband (1 Teilnehmer) ibid. Which organization and who was the delegate?
0 / 1
Finland Communist Party of Finland CP 30 Kommunistische Partei Finnlands (30 Teilnehmer)
4 / 30
Invited as 'interested group'

Socialist Workers Party of Finland

Did not participate, it seems
France Socialist Party (author believes this is a typo...) CP 8 Kommunistische Partei Frankreichs (8 Teilnehmer: Cachin, Vaillant-Coutourier, Tomasi, Loriot, Collier) So some work is needed to untangle who was part of which French delegation.
  • Per a contemporary PCF publication,Charles Rappoport was supposed to have participated in the III congress but couldn't attend.[93]
8 / 8
Youth 3 Jugendverband Frankreichs (3 Teilnehmer) National Federation of Communist Youth ('Fédération nationale des jeunesses communistes')
3 / 3
 Yes
Syndicalists 9 Syndikalisten (9 Teilnehmer) General Confederation of Labour (France)
  • "congrès à Moscou du 3 au 19 juillet 1921, parallèlement au III° Congrès de l'I.C. La délégation française comprenait : Godeau, Sirolle, Godonnèche, Labonne, Michel Kneller, Tommasi, Claudine et Albert Lemoine, Caye"[95]

CGT delegates

  • Henri Sirolle[95]
  • Augustin Godeau[95]
  • Victor Labonne[95]
  • Michel Kneler[95] - or 'Michel Relenk'
  • Claudine Lemoine[95]
  • Albert Lemoine[95]
  • Georges Gaye[95]
  • Sirolle made contacts with the anarchists of Golos Truda immediately after arriving in Moscow.[96]

CGT minority:

  • "jour en juillet 1921. Les minoritaires de la CGT sont présents mais la grande majorité de la délégation refuse de s'engager en raison du lien organique entre l'ISR et l'Internationale communiste. Pourtant, trois délégués donnent leur accord,"[98]
  • " gefordert wurde, wobei kein Zweifel bestand, daß sich die RGI der Komintern unterzuordnen hatte 256. Daß Rosmer, Tommasi und Godonnèche auf dem 1. RGI-Kongreß im Juli 1921 in Moskau diese Resolution unterschrieben hatten, hatte "[99]
  • "une délégation de minoritaires se rend à Moscou et participe au Congrès constitutif de l'Internationale syndicale rouge (I.S.R.) qui se tient du 3 au 19 juillet (1). Les délégués français sont divisés sur la question de la liaison entre l'I.S.R. et l'I.C., les anarcho-syndicalistes étant contre (2). L'acceptation de cette liaison (art. 11 des Statuts de l'I.S.R.) par Rosmer, Tommasi et Godonnèche (3) soulève de vives critiques au sein des C.S.R. (protestation signée par Besnard, Quinton, Monatte, Monmousseau, Semard, Barthes, Racamond, Verdier, M. Guillot, etc."[100]
  • This ref [101] hints that Labonne was in the minority, as he sought III international affiliation and later founded CGTU
  • Rosmer was the Moscow rep of the minority tendency led by Tommasi. Godonneche, Tommasi and Rosmer supported Profintern affiliation.[102]
  • "La France fut présente à Moscou , bien entendu celle de l ' opposition , par une délégation qui comprenait : Gaudeaux , Gaye , Godonnèche , Michel Kneller ou Relenque ' , Labonne , Claudine et Albert Lemoine , Sirolle et Tommasi ."[103]
11 / 20
The revolutionary trade-union minority Syndicalist Minority 11 Syndikalisten-Minderheit (11 Teilnehmer)
Fünfkirchen Socialist Party of the autonomous region of Fünfkirchen [Pécs] SP 3 Sozialistische Partei (3 Teilnehmer) Socialist Party of the autonomous region of Fünfkirchen
  • Richard Friedl[104]
  • hu:Hajdu Gyula (jogász)[16][104][105]
  • Rudolph Wommert[105][106]
  • "At the Third Congress of the Comintern, which opened in Moscow on July 22, 1921, the SPP was represented by two invited delegates from Pécs, the chemical industry worker Rudolph Wommert and the miner Richard Friedl. The two SPP representatives, who had deliberating but not voting rights, submitted a lengthy and detailed report on the Pécs-Baranya situation to the Congress[105]
  • "Meghívták tanácskozási joggal ide a pécsi szocialista pártot is, mely két küldöttel képviseltetheti magát. A pécsi vezetőség Wommert Rezső vegyipari munkást és Friedl Richárd bányászt jelölte ki, aki mint vörös katona a Tanácsköztársaság idején a Heissen- berger János vezetése alatt "[106]
3 / 3
 Yes
Georgia Communist Party CP 11 Kommunistische Partei Grusiniens (11 Teilnehmer:Zchachkaja) Communist Party of Georgia.
1 / 11
Youth 1 Jugendverband (1 Teilnehmer) What was the name of the organization? Who was the delegate?
0 / 1
Germany Communist Workers' Party [KAPD] (with consultative vote) KAPD 5 Kommunistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands (5 Teilnehmer) Communist Workers Party of Germany. Delegates:
  • Jan Appel (Hempel), delegate[108]
  • Alexander Schwab ('Sachs'), delegate[109][110]
  • Bernhard Reichenbach, spoke at the congress with the pseudonym 'Seemann'[111]
  • Ludwig Meyer, a metal worker from Leipzig[112] Olaf Ihlau[113] writes that KAPD had sent as its delegates "( Hempel ) und Alexander Schwab ( Sachs ) von der Berliner Führung sowie Meyer ( Bergmann ) , einen Metallarbeiter aus dem Leipziger Vorstand", and that they met up with Seemann in Moscow. ([16] uses the name Fritz Meyer)
  • KAPD delegates had consultative votes.[110]
  • Bourrinet stated that the 5th delegate was probably Käthe Friedlander, aka Katja Ruminova [114]
  • John Graudenz ('Thiessen'), a sixth KAPD member, was present at the III congress as observer.[114]
  • KAPD had hoped for full Comintern membership and to be able to influence Comintern's orientation at the III Congress.[114] The delegation was largely isolated, but managed to make some contacts with the Workers Opposition and delegates from Bulgaria, Britain (ACPF), Mexico, Belgium (Van Overstraeten), Luxembourg, Spain (CNT) and the United States (IWW).[114]
5 / 5
 Yes
United Communist Party [VKPD] VKPD 25 Vereinigte Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (25 Teilnehmer: Bergmann, Heckert, Hempel, Sachs, Seemann,Koenen, Malzahn, Neumann, Rwal, Thalheimer, Ernst Thälmann, Frölich, Friesland) United Communist Party of Germany.
  • Here clearly CIML mixes up KAPD and VKPD delegates. Bergmann, Hempel, Sachs and Seemann were all KAPD.

Summary of VKPD delegates;


  • "11 In der deutschen Delegation waren von der Zentrale Bertha Braunthal, Paul Frölich, Fritz Heokert, Wilhelm Koenen und August Thalheimer, von den Bezirken Ernst Friealand (Berlin), Herbert Meyenberg (Rostock), Siegbert Singermann (Breslau), Otto Gabel (Dresden), Artur Lieberasch (Leipzig), Bernard Koenen (Merseburg), Richard Schneller (Erfurt), Ernst Thäl- mann (Hamburg). Karl Hennen (Hannover), Peter Mieves (Köln), Georg Stelzer (Mannheim), Max Hammer (Stuttgart), Gröf elder (Nürnberg). Zwei vorgesehene Delegierte waren auf dem Kongreß nicht vertreten: Das Mandat Gustav Triebels (Königsberg) wurde beanstandet, Siegbert Singermann (Breslau) war verhaftet. An ihre Stelle wurde kein Ersatz gestellt. Zur Delegation gehörten noch als Vertreter der Jugend Edwin Hoernle und Eugen Schönherr und vom Esperanto-Kongreß Dr. Klauber."[115]
  • "Auf dem Kongreß hatte die VKPD 25 Stimmen. De7,u hatte die Jugend acht Vertreter, die Frauen eine Vertreterin. Pür die Opposition wird in der offiziellen "Liste der Delegierten" die Zahl von zwei Vertretern genannt (Protokoll des III. Kongresses^ als Redner traten jedoch Malzahn, Pranken und Paul Heumann auf. Ursprünglich waren auch Anna Geyer und Otto Brass eingeladen gewesen. Im Zusammenhang mit dem begründeten Verdacht, daß Anna Geyer Levi vertrauliche Parteimaterialien übermittelte, verweigerte ihnen die Zentrale jedoch die Delegierung. Clara Zetkin wandte sich darauf mit einem Protesttelegramn, das am 28. Mai ankam, an Lenin und erklärte, sie würde nicht nach Moskau fahren, wenn die Reise ihrer "Gesinnungsgenossen" nicht garantiert v/erde. Lenin schickte das Telegramm scfort an Radek und Sinowjew nach Petrograd weiter und überließ auf deren Anraten seine Beantwortung dem EKKI, das die Forderung Clara Zetkins jedoch ablehnte. Später, aber noch vor der Eröffnung des Kongresses, wurde nach"[115]
  • "Die Anhänger der »Offensivtheorie« in der Delegation der VKPD zum III. Kongreß der Kommunistischen Internationale, unter ihnen Paul Frölich, Wilhelm Koenen und August Thalheimer"[116]
22 / 25
Youth 8 Jugendverband (8 Teilnehmer) Young Communist League of Germany? Who were the delegates?
3 / 8
Women 1 Frauenverband (1 Teilnehmerin: Clara Zetkin) Which organization? Any source that Zetkin was the delegate?
0 / 1
VKPD (Opposition) 2 Vereinigte Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands-Opposition (2 Teilnehmer) Seems to be these 2:
  • Paul Neumann - VKPD Opposition delegate[126] "P. Neumann, a spokesman for the pro- Levi opposition at the Third Congress"[127] "Delegate of 'Right' at Third Comintern Congress."[128]
  • Paul Franken[16]
  • "de:Heinrich Malzahn, a representatuve of the Levi opposition in the German delegation"[129]

Per Reisberg (1971), the official delegate list said 2 VKPD-Opposition delegates, but the congress protocol mentions Franken, Malzahn and Paul Neumann.[115]

2 / 2
Greece Communist Party CP 3 Kommunistische Partei Griechenlands (3 Teilnehmer: Dimitrados) Communist Party of Greece.
3 / 3
 Yes
Invited as 'interested group'

General Trade Union Federation of Greece

Did not participate, it seems
Japan Communist groups
Hungary Communist Party CP 12 Kommunistische Partei Ungarns (12 Teilnehmer:Pogany, Varga, Luk´scs, Landler, Rakosi) Party of Communists in Hungary

Seemingly not part of the party delegation as such, but present in Moscow during the congress:

12 / 12
 Yes
Youth 1 Jugendverband Ungarns (1 Teilnehmer) Young Communist League of Hungary
1 / 1
 Yes
Iceland Communist groups Whilst not mentioned in the official delegate count - this source [140] mentions is:Ólafur Friðriksson as a 'delegate of the 3rd comintern congress'. [141] mentions that there was a decision (by whom?) to send Ólafur Friðriksson and Ársæll Sigurðsson should take part in the Comintern congress the summer of 1921. [1] details the events, in November 1921, after Friðriksson's return from Russia to Iceland (which has its own wiki article: is:Hvíta stríðið)
India Communist groups (with consultative vote) CP 4 Kommunistische Partei Indiens (4 Teilnehmer: Roy) Communist Party of India.
  • M.N. Roy, delegate[142][143]
  • Consultative status[143]
  • 4 representatives from India, but only Roy mentioned in proceedings.[144]
  • Abani Mukherji, 'attended' III congress[145] 1921, Mukherji went to Moscow to attend the Third Congress of the Communist International as a delegate with a consultative vote. There he also took part in a meeting of Indian revolutionaries.[146]
  • Abani Mukherji didn't participate in the III congress[143]
  • Shaukat Usmani[143] - Usmani's biography: "Third Congress of Comintern In a couple of days I reached Moscow and went straight to the Hotel De Lux to announce my arrival to the Indian comrades. I wanted their help to obtain a ticket on a fast train to Crimea. Delegations from all over the world were flocking to Moscow, and I was happy to see some new Indian faces. The best known among the new Indian arrivals were Virendranath Chattopadhyaya (commonly known as Chatto, brother of the late Mrs. Sarojini Naidu), Bhupendranath Dutta (brother of Swami Vivekanand), P. Khankhoji, Dr. Taraknath Das, Dr. Abdul Wahid, Ghulam Anmbia Khan Luhani, Nambiar and many Dasguptas, and a comrade of Chatto, Miss Agnes Smedley. If I remember correctly Chatto, Miss Agnes Smedley. If I remember correctly Champakraman Pillai was also there. But both Dr. Taraknath Das and Champakraman Pillai only stayed for a short time in Moscow. [...] Roy very kindly offered me a delegate's ticket to attend the Third Congress of the Communist International."[147] Notably his biography doesn't give any detail on whether he attended any sessions of the congress, it implies that he was in hurry to leave for Crimea and left one evening in June 1921. Considering that the rest of the book as very detailed account of mundane events, it seems he didn't actually participate or at least not in any significant extent.
  • "The Third Congress of the Communist International was held in Moscow from June 22 to July 12, 1921. Abani could not have left Moscow before this. He had a delegate's mandate for this Congress. The mandate entitled him in writing to an advisory vote and was dated June 21, 1921."[148]
  • "1921 and received further training there.1 At the same time Roy also moved to Moscow along with these Muhajirs to attend the Third Congress of the Communist International."[149]
3 / 5
Youth 1 Jugendverband Indiens (1 Teilnehmer) What organization was this? Who was the delegate?
0 / 1
Iran Communist Party CP 5 Kommunistische Partei Persiens (5 Teilnehmer: Ara-Sade (Aga Zadeh?), Jawad-Sade) Communist Party of Iran.
  • head of delegation Kamran Aqazadeh.[108] Probably Agasade - Aga Zadeh[150] The Arabic letter 'qāf' is often transliterated as 'g', so Agazadeh, Aga-Zadeh, Aqazadeh etc is the same name, کامران آقازاده
  • Avetis Sultan-Zade, delegate[64]
  • Mir Jafar Javadzadeh[151]
  • Who were the other two delegates? Nikbin, Karim (c1892-1940)?[152] - ref says Nikbin attended 4th congress
3 / 5
Ireland Communist groups CP 2 Kommunistische Partei Irlands (2 Teilnehmer) Socialist Party of Ireland.
  • Roddy Connolly[153][154] "Connolly's son Roddy attended the Third World Congress of the Third International (or Comintern) in the summer of 192 1 . With Comintern backing, he led the transformation of the largely moribund Socialist Party of Ireland into the first"[153] Connolly discussed with Lenin the possibility of winning the IRA rank and file over to communism.[154][155]
  • "In the summer of 1921, for example, Evgeniia Bouvier, a former Lewisham suffragette turned communist, recognised a couple seated at Petrograd’s monument to Catherine the Great, sharing an issue of a British communist newspaper. The familiar pair were Sidney Arnold, a Latvian member of the Socialist Party of Ireland, and his Irish wife Rosa, who had both come to the city to work at the Comintern’s Third World Congress."[156]
  • "The first of these was the Communist Party of Ireland, which was formed in late 1921 by Roddy Connolly who had returned from Moscow earlier that year with"[157]
1 / 2
Italy Communist Party CP 21 Kommunistische Partei Italiens (21 Teilnehmer: Gennari, Lazzari, Maffi, Misiano, Polano, Terracini) Communist Party of Italy
  • it:Luigi Polano, delegate[133] Representing the youth wing??
  • it:Mario Montagnana - "MONTAGNANA, Mario, «Piettini», «Carlo Roncoli», «S. Lazer», «Leonold Warny», «Stefano», (22.6.1887, Torino-8.8.1960, Torino). [...] Redactor de Ordine Nuovo, ingresó en el PC de Italia en 1921. Asistió como delegado italiano al III Congreso de la Comintern y al II Congreso de la ICJ (1921)."[158][159]
  • it:Egidio Gennari - "GENNARI, Egidio, «Mario Maggi», «Vecchini», «Cornevalli», «Rossi», «Blanco», «Profesor», «Augusto Cattaneo», «Battista Migliore», (20.4.1876, Albano, Lazio-8.6.1942, Gorky). [...] Uno de los fundadores del PCI, miembro del CC (1921) y del CE del CC (1923). [...] Participó en los Congresos III y IV de la Comintern y en la II conferencia internacional del Socorro Rojo Internacional (SRI, 1927). Durante el III congreso de la Comintern (1921), entregó a R. Ghioldi* la carta antes enviada al PSI por el PSIA (con el pedido de informarles sobre la fecha del III congreso de la Comintern)."[160][159] Vice Chair of the III congress presidium[16]
  • Carlo Codevilla[161] PCd'I?
  • Romolo Tranquilli[107] (youth? source says PCI...)
  • Nicola Bombacci[162]
  • it:Ambrogio Belloni[16]
  • Umberto Terracini[159]
  • it:Francesco Misiano[159]
  • Lino Manservigi[163]
6 / 21
Youth 4 Jugendverband Italiens (4 Teilnehmer) Which organization? Only communist youth, or socialist youth as well? Who were the delegates?
0 / 4
  • Gino Di Marchi was a YCI II Congress delegate per[164]
Socialist Party (with consultative vote) SP 3 Sozialitische Partei Italiens (3 Teilnehmer) Italian Socialist Party.
  • "Mosca. Terzo congresso dell'Internazionalo comunista. È confermata l'espulsione dall'Internazionalo del Partito socialista italiano (di cui è presente una delogazione con Fabrizio Maffi e Costantino Lazzari)."[165]
  • "LAZZARI, Constantino, (1.1.1857, Cremona-29.12.1927, Roma). De origen campesino. Vendedor, más tarde maestro y empleado municipal. Uno de los fundadores del socialismo italiano. Co-fundador y miembro del CC del Partido de los Trabajadores de Italia (POI, 1885), miembro del Partido Socialista de Italia (PSI, 1895) y su Secretario General (1912-1919). Socialista de izquierda, estuvo a favor de las 21 condiciones de adhesión a la IC, pero se negó a ingresar al PC de Italia. Delegado del PSI en el III congreso de la Comintern (1921)."[166]

PSI delegates

3 / 3
 Yes
*Syndicalist Union
  • Railway Workers' Union
  • Seamen's Union
 End of May, Unione Sindacale Italiana executive committee elected Nicola Vecchi and Duilio Mari as its delegates to Profintern congress. But by the time they reached Moscow, the congress had already concluded.[168]
Invite as 'interested group'
  • General Workers' Confederation of Italy
 General Confederation of Labour (Italy) sent two observers to the Profintern congress, they arrived July 13: Giuseppe Bianchi and it:Carlo Azimonti (sindaco)[169]
Java Communist Party CP 1 Kommunistische Partei Javas (1 Teilnehmer) Communist Union of the Indies
  • id:Darsono. PKI Vice President.[170]
  • Raden, Darsono, represented PKI at III Congress[171]
  • Darsono, raden; aanvankelijk journalist, redacteur Sinar Hindia (1921), propagandist Sarekat Islam, reis via Siberië naar West-Europa (1921-1923), lid, later voorzitter P.K.I. (1920-1925),[172]
  • J.S. Stam ('Aroen') was gone to III Congress togther with H. Roland Horst.[173]
1 / 1
 Yes
Kommunistische Jugendinternationale Javas (1 Teilnehmer) Not listed in TTM summary.
Rat der muselamnischen revolutionären Organisationen Javas (1 Teilnehmer) Not listed in TTM summary.
Khiva Communist Party Communist Party of Khorezm, Participant listing only mentions a youth delegate, no Communist Party delegate...
Youth 1 Jugendverband (1 Teilnehmer)
  • Mollaoraz Khodzhimamedov? - "Незадолго до этого М. Ходжимамедов вернулся из Москвы, где он принимал участие в работе III конгресса Коминтерна в составе хорезмской делегации, которая после конгресса была принята В. И. Лениным."[174]
0 / 1
Kirghizia CP 1 Kommunistische Partei der Kirgisischen Republik (1 Teilnehmer) This is quite confusing. There was no 'Kirghiz Republic' in 1921. The Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast, later the Kirghiz ASSR, was formed in 1924 only. What party was this? The Turkestan Bureau of the RCP(b)? Who was the delegate?
  • "The first Kirghiz (Kazakh) Regional Party Conference was held in Orenburg, June 1 1-18, 1921. It established the ways and measures to strengthen regional party organization at the regional level and to enlist the toiling Kazakh masses in the"[175]
0 / 1
Korea Communist Party CP 2 Kommunistische Partei Koreas (2 Teilnehmer: Zach Man Taun) What party was this? The Communist Party of Korea was founded in 1925. Who were the 2 delegates?
  • It was a group in Irkutsk founded in 1921, linked to the Far East Secretariat...
  • Pavel Nammanchun - ru:Нам Ман Чхун[176][177] ("В 1921 году Нам Ман Чхун и Хан Мён Се принимали участие в работе Учредительного съезда Корейской компартии в Иркутске, на котором они были избраны в состав ЦК и делегатами на III конгресс Коминтерна.")[178]
  • Хан Мён Се) (1885—1937) - participant in III congress[176][177]
  • ТЕ ХУН (1897-1938) - mentioned as participant in the III congress.[179] [2] has scan of his congress credentials, so he was definitely there... but perhaps as one of the Far East Secretariat youth delegate??
1 / 2
Social-Revolutionary Party What party was this? Didn't participate?
Latvia Communist Party CP 11 Kommunistische Partei Lettlands (11 Teilnehmer) Communist Party of Latvia.
  • Dāvids Beika[75]
  • Jānis Krūmiņš-Pilāts [lv][75]
  • Kārlis Krastiņš [lv] ('Viktors')[180]
  • Pēteris Stučka, delegate[17][75]
  • Jūlijs Daniševskis[181]
  • "juuni 1921 Osa võtavad: Leedu delegatsioonist-/ Mickevicius-Kapsukas ja Aleksa- Angaretis; Läti delegatsioonist: Stucka, Krastõn, Kruminš, Beika, Mel- nais"[76] - so these might have been elected to attend, but Melnais (Augusts Bērce [lv]) died 11 June, 1921.
  • " 1921. gada jūnija vidū Maskavā notika triju Baltijas valstu — Igaunijas, Latvijas un Lietuvas komunistisko partiju pārstāvju apspriede, kurā no Latvijas KP piedalījās P. Stučka, D. Beika, J. Krūmiņš (Pilāts), K. Krastiņš. "[182]
  • "Kā LKP pārstāvji šajā apspriedē piedalījās P. Stučka, K. Krastiņš (Viktors), J. Krūmiņš (Pilāts), D. Beika"[180]
5 / 11
Youth 1 Jugendverband Lettlands (1 Teilnehmer) Young Communist League of Latvia. Who was the delegate?
0 / 1
Lithuania Communist Party CP 9 Kommunistische Partei Litauens (9 Teilnehmer) Communist Party of Lithuania.
3 / 9
Youth 2 Jugendverband Litauens (2 Teilnehmer) Young Communist League of Lithuania. Who were the delegates?
0 / 2
Luxembourg Communist Party CP 4 Kommunistische Partei Luxemburgs (4 Teilnehmer) Communist Party of Luxembourg
  • Edy Reiland delegate[111]
  • Zenon Bernard[186]
  • "Im Sommer 1921 fand in Moskau der Weltkongress der Kommunistischen Internationale statt, zu der sich, unter Führung Moskaus, die kommunistischen Parteien zusammengeschlossen hatten. Von Luxemburg aus fuhren Edouard Reiland, Jean-Pierre Lippert, Zénon Bernard, Jean Bukowak und Jacques Ney nach Moskau."[187]
4 / 4
SP 1 Sozialistische Patei Luxemburgs (1 Teilnehmer) Which party was this? The LSAP? Who was the delegate?
0 / 1
Youth 1 Jugendverband Luxemburgs (1 Teilnehmer) Which organization? Who was the delegate?
0 / 1
Mexico Communist Party CP 1 Kommunistische Partei Mexikos (1 Teilnehmer) Communist Party of Mexico.
  • Manuel Diaz Ramirez - "Fue delegado en el Congreso Constitutivo de la Profintern y miembro del CC de la Profintern por México. Participó en la I sesión del CC de la Profintern (20.7.1921) y en el III congreso de la Comintern, donde se entrevistó con V. I. Lenin. B. Lazitch, M. Drachkovitch, V. Alba; los editores de La Crónica Biográfica de V. I. Lenin (vol. 9), lo confunden con Charles Phillips* («Jesús Ramírez»). J. Maurin considera erróneamente que Díaz Ramírez acompañó a M. Borodin* en su viaje a España. M. Caballero escribe de forma equivocada que el delegado al III congreso de la Comintern fue Ch. Phillips (y no M. Díaz Ramírez.). Regresó de Moscú en octubre de 1921."[161]
  • Mexican Communist Party, general secretary Manuel Díaz Ramírez [de][188]
1 / 1
 Yes
Youth 1 Jugendverband Mexikos (1 Teilnehmer) Communist Youth Federation of Mexico (FJCM)
  • Edgar Woog - "Mantuvo contacto epistolar con el movimiento juvenil comunista de Argentina y de Perú, Uruguay y Chile. Le fue encomendado establecer contacto con el Partido Socialista Obrero de Chile (con L. E. Recabarren*) y las organizaciones comunistas de Canadá y Argentina, y «otros grupos en Sudamérica, todavía desconocidos por nosotros» e invitarles a participar en el III Congreso de la Comintern. Representante de México en el pleno del CE de la ICJ para la preparación del II Congreso de la ICJ. Delegado de la FJCM en el II Congreso de la ICJ y en el III Congreso de la Comintern (1921)."[189]
  • Mexican Communist Party, Edgar Woog, under pseudonym 'Stirner'[190]
1 / 1
 Yes
Mongolia Rev. Peoples Party 2 Revolutionäre Volkspartei der Mongolei (2 Teilnehmer) Mongolian People's Party.
  • Buryat Komsomol activist F. B. Bakhanov was the translator for the Mongolian delegation.[192]
1 / 2
Near East Youth 1 Jugendverband (1 Teilnehmer) What organization? Who was the delegate?
0 / 1
Netherlands Communist Party CP 5 Kommunistische Partei Hollands (5 Teilnehmer:Roland Holst, Ceton) Communist Party of Holland
  • Jan Ceton, delegate[193]
  • Johannes Proost, delegate[33]
  • Henriette Roland Holst[16]
  • Louis de Visser[194][195]
  • Peter Alma[49][195]
  • W. Wolda[195]
  • J.C. Stam
  • "In een licht, linnen zomerpak reisde ze op 24 mei 1921 naar Hengelo, niet waar een partijgenoot-textielarbeider haar afleverde bij een armoedig wde huisje pal aan de grens. Daar trof ze de zevenendertigjarige Jan Stam, onderwijzer en communistisch publicist in Nederlands-Indië, die zijn doen verlof gebruikte om het Komintern-congres te bezoeken.” In de loop # van de dag druppelden nog enkele Ruslandgangers binnen, zoals de sterke Haagse communisten Louis de Visser en mevrouw A. Wolda en verder en de kunstschilder Peter Alma."[194]
5 / 5
Youth 1 Jugendverband Hollands (1 Teilnehmer) What organization? Who was the delegate?
0 / 1
Invited as 'interested group'
 NAS sent a 3-member delegation to Profintern congress, all Profintern supporters. Engelbertus Bouwman was among the delegates.[196][196] Bouwman had led a number of NAS members to join CPN in 1919, and pushed for NAS to join Profintern.[197]
Norway Labour Party Workers' Party 11 Arbeiterpartei Norwegens (11 Teilnehmer) Norwegian Labour Party
5 / 11
Youth 2 Jugendverband Norwegens (2 Teilnehmer) Workers' Youth League (Norway)? Who were the 2 delegates?
0 / 2
CP 1 Kommunistische Partei Norwegens (1 Teilnehmer: Friis) ?? The Communist Party of Norway was founded in 1923. And Friis, who was listed as CP delegate by CIML, was still in DNA at the time.
0 / 1
Palestine Communist Party (with consultative vote) CP 2 Kommunistische Partei Palästinas (2 Teilnehmer) Communist Party of Palestine. Who were the 2 delegates?
0 / 2
Poale Zion Paole Zion 3 Poale Zion (3 Teilnehmer) What's the difference with the Austrian PZ delegation? Who were the delegates?
0 / 3
Poland
("Poland and Eastern Galicia" in the invite list) 		Communist Workers' Party of Poland CP 20 Kommunistische Partei Polens (20 Teilnehmer: Brand, Michalek) *The 20 delegates presumably includes both Communist Workers Party of Poland and the Communist Party of Eastern Galicia
  • W dniach od 22 czerwca do 12 lipca 1921 r. obradował w Moskwie pod kierownictwem Lenina kolejny III Kongres Międzynarodówki Komunistycznej. Uczestniczyła w nim po raz pierwszy reprezentująca kraj liczna delegacja KPRP w składzie: Henryk Lauer-Brand, Stefan Królikowski, Adolf Warski, Henryk Walecki, Szczepan Rybacki, Juliusz Rydygier, Wacław Kwiatkowski, Wincenty Dmowski i Raf es, zaś z ramienia komunistów polskich przebywających w ZSRR — Stanisław Bobiński, Konstanty Brodzki, Julian Marchlewski, a w niektórych posiedzeniach także Feliks Dzierżyński, Józef Unszlicht i Feliks Kon."[205]
  • "W obradach III Kongresu MK po raz pierwszy uczestniczyła liczna, bo 20-osobowa delegacja polska, która uzyskała 30 mandatów93. W jej skład wchodzili m. in.: Adolf Warski, Stefan Królikowski, Henryk Wałecki, Henryk Lauer, Szczepan Rybacki, Julian Marchlewski, Edward Próch- niak, Karol Rydygier, Izrael Gajst, Wacław Kwiatkowski, Wacław Bogucki, Wincenty Dmowski, J. Kamocki. Warski wszedł do Komisji do spraw taktyki RKP(b), zaś Lauer i Wałecki uczestniczyli w pracach Komisji do spraw taktyki Międzynarodówki Komunistycznej."[206]
  • "W skład polskiej delegacji wchodzili: H. Lauer-Brand 27, S. Królikowski (na kongresie P. Gliński), A. Warski (Michalak), H. Wałecki, S. Rybacki (Maciejewski), J. Rydygier (Kamocki), W. Kwiatkowski (Wiśniewski), W. Dmowski (Mielnik), M. Rafes-(Z. Dolin), a także polscy komuniści przebywający w ZSRR: J. Marchlewski, S. Bobiński, K. Brodzki i inni, ogółem 20 osób W niektórych posiedzeniach delegacji uczestniczyli F. Dzierżyński, J. Unszlicht, F. Kon. Delegacja polska utworzyła biuro, w skład którego weszli H. Lauer, A. Warski, J. Marchlewski, S. Królikowski. Funkcje sekretarza technicznego powierzono..."[207]

KPRP delegates:

"on behalf of Polish communists staying in the USSR [sic]"[205][207] - representing RCP(b)? - Z pola walki (1976) seems to imply that at least these 3 were included in the 20 Polish delegates[207]

"participated in some meetings" - in what capacity?[205][207]

Polish delegation - Polish or Galician party?

Some confusion:

  • Karol Rydygier[206] (J. Rydygier used 'Karol')
  • J. Kamocki[206], seems to be J. Rydygier...
14 / 20
Communist Party of Eastern Galicia
League of Jewish Workers [Bund] (with consultative vote) Bund 3 Bund (3 Teilnehmer) General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland.
  • Bund delegates had consultative vote[212][24]
  • Victor Alter, Bund representative to III congress, arrested in Moscow.[213]
  • Chaim Wasser[214][215]
  • The delegation included both the centrist tendency (Alter) and the leftist tendency (Wasser) of the Polish Bund.[216]
  • "Chaim Wesser „M. Antowicz" i Wiktor Alter „M. Lorman""[217]
2 / 3
Portugal Communist groups Did not participate
Romania Communist Party CP 10 Kommunistische Partei Rumäniens (10 Teilnehmer) Communist Party of Romania.
1 / 10
Youth 4 Jugendverband Rumäniens (4 Teilnehmer) Which organization? Who were the delegates?
0 / 4
Russia Communist Party CP 72 Kommunistische Partei der RSFSR (72 Teilnehmer:Bucharin, Sinowjew, Meschtscherjakow, Radek, Rakowski, Trotzki) Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
  • "The Russian delegation to the Congress includes Lenin, Trotsky, Linoviev, Kameniev, Bukharin, Dzerzhinsky, Radek, Rykov, Stieklov, Lunacharsky, Losovsky, Kollontay, and other, in all 21 decisive votes and 29 consultative"[218]
  • "Р. К. П. (б.) была представлена на конгрессе 72 делегатами. Среди них — В. И. Ленин, И. В. Сталин, Г. Е. Зиновьев, Л. Д. Троцкий, Л. Б. Каменев, К. Б. Радек, Н. И. Бухарин, Ф. Э. Дзержинский, А. И. Рыков, Я. Э. Рудзутак и др. Заседания III конгресса происходили в Кремле."[219]

Notably, Stalin appears in the 1930 Soviet publication[219], but is not mentioned in the 1921 Communist Review summary.

  • other delegates...
18 / 72
Youth 2 Jugendverband (2 Teilnehmer) Russian Young Communist League.
1 / 2
South Africa International Socialist League Int. Socialist League 2 Internationale Sozialistische Union (2 Teilnehmer) International Socialist League (South Africa).
2 / 2
 Yes
Sweden Communist Party CP 15 Kommunistische Partei Schwedens (15 Teilnehmer:Höglund) Communist Party of Sweden
  • Karl Kilbom, elected to ECCI at III congress[8] - but did he participate?? Kilbom didn't participate, however he went to Profintern congress afterwards per his memoirs[227]
  • Swedish right-wing press argued that Kilbom's absence had not been appreciated by Lenin and Trotsky, and that he was called to arrive in Moscow.[228]
  • Zeth Höglund[16][229][230] - Z.H. was back in Sweden on July 3, 1921[231]
  • Nils Flyg[229][230]
  • K.G. Taberman[229][230]
  • Ivar Starkenberg [sv][230]
  • Gerda Linderot [sv][229][230]
  • Gunhild Höglund[229][230]
  • Hildur Ström[229][230]
  • Hinke Bergegren[230]
  • Fredrik Ström[229][230]
  • Göran Palm[229][230]
  • Hildor Johansson[230]
  • Andreas Johansson[230]
  • "[Linderot returned...] från Sibirien och Turkestan till Sverige i maj 1921, i god tid för att förbereda den stora svenska delegationens deltagande på Kominterns tredje kongress. Svenskarna väckte denna gång uppseende bland de andra delegationerna i Moskva. Höglund, Ström, Flyg, Taberman, Ljungberg och åtskilliga till hade ansett det nödvändigt att utrusta en hel expedition, med egen bil, skrivmaskiner, sekreterare, matvaror etc. _ till Linderots ohöljda förargelse. På denna kongress framträdde Lenin för sista gången inför det internationella proletariatets representanter och förklarade _ mot bakgrunden av dess bakslag i skilda länder och "Nya ekonomiska politikens" (NEP) början i rådsunionen _ att Komintern nu måste övergå från stormningens till belägringens taktik. Det gällde att organisera reträtten och att studera. I sin rapport från exekutiven framförde KI :s ordförande Zinovjev den första kritiken mot det svenska partiet för bristande klarhet och fasthet. Linderot ingick i presidiet för Ungdomsinternationalens kongress, som hölls strax efter, och inträdde efter den tredje världskongressen som det svenska partiets representant i internationalens exekutivkommitté. Det blev en besvärlig buffertställning mellan KI :s allt strängare krav på enhet och disciplin även i Skandinavien och den svenska partiledningens växande opportunism."[232]
  • "Svenska delegationen t Moskva 1921. Sittande i förgrunden t. v. Z H, framför honom Gerda Linderot, bakom honom K G Taberman. Damen i hatt *uid fönstret Gullan Höglund, på hennes ena sida Hildur Ström, på hennes andra Nils Flyg. I mitten läsande en bok Einar Ljungberg, bakom honom Fredrik Ström och bakom Ström Göran Palm.."[229]
  • "Kommunistiska partiet representerades på III. Internationalens kongress 1921 av en numerärt stark delegation: Z. Höglund med fru, Fredr. Ström, Hinke Bergegren, Göran Palm, K. G. Taberman, Ivar Starkenberg, Hildur Ström, Gerda Linderot, Hildor Johansson, Korsnäs, redaktör Andreas Johnsson och Nils Flyg. Delegationen hade t. o. m. egen bil med sig, vilken vid återresan till Sverige skänktes till ryssarna."[230]
12 / 15
Youth 3 Jugendverband Schwedens (3 Teilnehmer) Young Communist League of Sweden.
  • Sven Linderot[232] - there is no explicit mention in source that Linderot also attended 3 congress, but he was the leader of delegation at YCI congress
0 / 3
Switzerland Communist Party CP 13 Kommunistische Partei der Schweiz (13 Teilnehmer: Schaffner) Communist Party of Switzerland. Who were the delegates?
3 / 13
Youth 2 Jugendverband der Schweiz (2 Teilnehmer) Young Communist League of Switzerland. Who were the delegates?
0 / 2
Workers' League of Swiss Cities (with consultative vote) No such delegation participated. What was this group?
Spain Communist Party CP 5 Kommunistische Partei Spaniens (5 Teilnehmer: Torralba Becci) Spanish Communist Party
  • "La del PCE, Ramón Merino Gracia, Joaquín Ramos, Rafael Milla, Gonzalo Sanz y Angel Pumarega"[236]
5 / 5
 Yes
Communist Workers' Party 4 Kommunistische Arbeiterpartei Spaniens (4 Teilnehmer) PCOE
4 / 4
 Yes
Workers' Confederation [CNT] Syndicalists 5 Syndikalisten (5 Teilnehmer) Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
  • CNT delegation Andres Nin, Juan Arlandis, Jesús Ibáñez, Joaquín Maurín and Gueval[238]
  • Has Nin, Ibanez, Maurin, Arlandis as CNT delegation, but Gaston Leval instead of 'Gueval'.[239]
  • "ARLANDIS ESPARZA, Hilario, «Arnau», «Juan Armengol», (14.1.1888, Barcelona-1939, Figueres, Girona). De padre marmolista y anarco-sindicalista. Recibió educación primaria. Fue marmolista-adornista y pequeño escultor de oficio. Fue anarco-sindicalista, luego se hizo partidario de la Comintern. Miembro del PCE a partir de 1920. Miembro de la delegación de la Confederación Nacional de Trabajadores (CNT) a Moscú (1920). Fue delegado de la CNT en el I congreso de la Profintern y delegado del PCE en el III congreso de la Comintern (1921). Representante de la CNT en la Profintern (1921)."[240] Victor Serge writes: "Trotsky was easy and cordial, but imperious in argument. On another occasion he flew at the Spanish delegate, Orlandis, who was attacking the persecution of the anarchists. Trotsky seized him violently by the coat-lapels and almost shouted, ‘I should certainly like to see that happening to you, petty-bourgeois that you people are!"[241]
  • Leval, visited anarchist prisoners, among them Volin, in secret at Butyrka prison, and subsequently tried to lobby Lenin and Trotsky to release them.[242]
5 / 5
 Yes
Tatar Republic CP 1 Kommunistische Partei der Tatarischen Republik (1 Teilnehmer) Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The party would be the committee of RCP(B) there? Who was the delegate?
0 / 1
Turkey Communist Party CP 4 Kommunistische Partei der Türkei(4 Teilnehmer: Nuri) Communist Party of Turkey (historical)? Who were the delegates?
  • Organizational Bureau of Turkish Communist Party, formed by Süleyman Nuri. Nuri and Salih Zeki attended 1921 Comintern congress representing the party. Nuri spoke at the congress on July 12, 1921.[243]
  • 'Doctor Fuad', delegate to the III Congress, was arrested and prevented from travelling to Russia.[244]
  • Suleyman Nuri[245]
  • Roland[245]
  • Here [246] Roland claims to have attended III Congress + I Profintern congress
  • "TKP Teşkilât Bürosu'nun Fırkanın II. Kongresi toplanıp da ikinci Heyet-i Merkeziyeyi seçinceye kadar görevde kalması 28 Haziran günlü toplantıda kararlaştırılmıştır. Komintern III. Dünya Kongresi'ne Salih Zeki ve Süleyman Nuri'nin yanı sıra Hüseyin Hüsnü de delege seçilmişken, 26 Temmuz 1921'de Salih Zeki ile Süleyman Nuri, Hüseyin Hüsnü'nün temsil belgesinin iptalini talep etmişlerdir"[247]
  • Hüseyin Hüsnü, who came to Baku in the spring of 1921, was delegated to the 3rd Congress of the Comintern by the TKP Organization Office there. However, at the end of August, on behalf of the same Bureau, the Deputy Secretary (Ismail Hakkı, alias Kadir), sent a telegram to ECCI requesting the cancellation of his delegation and sent a detailed letter...[248] ...but if the Congress ended in July, why send a message in August??
  • "Salih Zeki'nin tanıdığı bir adama rastladık; Salih Zeki'nin daha Türkiye'den tanıdığı bu adam kendisiyle biraz hoşbeş ettikten sonra Ankara Resmi Hükümet Partisinin Kominternin Üçüncü Kongresı'ne gönderdiği delegesi Tevfik Rüştü Aras"[249]
  • Following protests by Nuri and Zeki, Aras (Resmi CP representative) was denounced and prevented from taking part in the congress.[243]
  • İsmail Hakkı[250] - had been elected to the Council for Propaganda and Action of the Peoples of the East in 1920. This ref says he represented Suphi's party at II Congress, so this may be a misprint[251]
  • "DİLEKÇE Süleyman Nuri, Salih Zeki, İsmail Hakkı ve İsmail Kadir yoldaşlardan oluşan örgütümüzün kararına uygun olarak Hüsnü yoldaşın Komintern'in Kongresine delege olarak yollanmasına karar verilmiştir. Buna göre kendisine temsil belgesi de verilmiştir. Ancak Hüsnü yoldaş Moskova'ya gittiğinde örgütümüze belgesiz ve temelsiz saldırmaya ve provokasyonlara başlamıştır: 1. Hüsnü yoldaş örgütümüzün kendisine gösterdiği güveni istismar etmiştir. 2. Hüsnü yoldaş TKP'ye yalan, temelsiz suçlamalarda ve provokasyonda bulunmuştur. 3. Hüsnü yoldaş provoke ederken Partiyi deorganize etmiş ve parçalanmasına yardımcı olmuştur. 4. Daha Rusya'dayken Partiden atıldığını biz Moskova'da öğrendik. Yukarıda belirttiklerimiz ışığında, kendisini delege seçen biz, iki üye Hüsnü yoldaşa verilen temsil belgesini iptal edilmiş kabul ediyoruz. Eğer bizden, iki kişiden başka örgütümüzün diğer üyelerinin görüş ve onayı gerekiyorsa, sizden bizim bu dilekçemizi radyo aracılığıyla Baku 'de duyurmak suretiyle örgütümüzün diğer üyelerinin görüşünü talep etmenizi rica ediyoruz. Hüsnü yoldaş hakkında TKP MK Kontrol Komisyonuna şikayet dilekçesi verilmiştir. TKP Örgüt Bürosu Sorumlu Sekreteri, Süleyman Nuri TKP Örgüt Bürosu üyesi: Salih Zeki Moskova, 26.VII.1921"[252]
  • "Ankaralı Upmal yoldaşın örgüt bürosuna verdiği bilgilere göre, Hüseyin Hüsnü yoldaş Ankaralı THKP'ye katılmış ve bu yüzden kendisi TKP Örgüt bürosu adına Komintern'in kongresine katılacak delegeler arasına dahil edilmiş, bu arada örgüt bürosundan delegelere (Süleyman Nuri ve Salih Zeki'ye) kendi alacakları karara göre"[253]
  • "Komintern'in III. Kongresinde temsil edilme konusu Türkiye Komünist Partisi örgüt bürosunun gündemine geldiğinde, Türkiye'deki tüm komünist örgütlerin kendisine bağlı olduğundan yola çıkarak örgüt bürosu doğu illerinden bir, Ankara'dan bir ve İstanbul'dan bir delege belirledi"[253]
1 / 4
Turkestan CP 4 Kommunistische Partei Turkestans (4 Teilnehmer: Kara Tadshijew) Turkestan ASSR - Communist Party of Turkestan
1 / 4
Revolutionary League 2 Revolutionäre Unionen Turkestans (2 Teilnehmer)
  • "In July 1921 Tashkent hosted the 1st All-Turkestan Congress of the Union of Kashgar-Dzungar Workers which announced the establishment of the united Uigur Revolutionary Union and nominated delegates to the 3rd Comintern Congress."[258]
  • "Revolutionary Union of Altishahri-Jungharian Workers' was held, an event which has since been credited with the revival of the 'Uyghur' ethnonym.7. The initiative for the conference came from the Turkestan Bureau of the. Comintern, and was " - Full name Uyghur Revolutionary Union of Altishahri and Jungharian workers, Uyhgur Revsoyuz... [259]
  • "Съезниң карари бойичә үч уйғур коммунист III Коммунистик Интернационалниң үчинчи конгрессиға делегат болуп әвәтилди. Уларнин ичидә Сопи Зәрватов бар еди. Шундақ қилип у улук даһимиз В. И. Ленинни КӨрүп, униң сөзлирини тиңшаш бәхтигә муйәссәр болди."[260]
  • Sopi Zarvatov, delegate[260]
  • 3 Uyghurs elected as delegates by their conference...[260]
  • "Pәис И. Тайиров шу жили у Москвада коммунистик интернационалниң III конгрессиға делегат сүпитидә катнишип, шанлиқ туңган «чапаеви»— Мағаза Масанчи билән биллә В. И. Ленинниң hозурида болған...»— дәйду y."[261]
  • "1921-жили июньда Ташкәнттә Түркстан Компартияси Мәркизий Комитетинин рәһбәрлигидә Түркстанда яшаватқан уйғур коммунист, комсомол вә башка эмгәкчилири вәкиллиринин бирләшкән съези чақирилди. Съезд вәкиллириниң ичидә Гүзәм hәдәмму бар еди. Съезд уйғур хәлқиниң ижтимаий, ихтисадий вә мәдәний тәрәKқиятиға даир бир қанчә муhим мәсилиләрни муhaкимә қилди. «Уйғур» дегэн намни канунлаштурди. «Кәмбәғәлләр авази» гезитини тәсис этти. Абдулла Розибакиев башлиқ Түркстан Компартияси Мәркизий Комитети йeнида уйғур бюроси сайланди. Коминтернниң III конгрессиға Исмайил Тайиров, Масанчи вә Fожаевлар делегат болуп сайланди. Съезд вәкиллиридин Гүзәм Исмайилова вә Бүви Исламовалар Москвада болидиған шэриқ аяллириниң биринчи съезиға делегат болуп сайланди. Бу улар үчүн чоң хошаллик еди. Пайтәхтни, Ленинни көрүш арзусинин әмәлгә "[261]
  • So Roziev (1983)[260] page 162 says the conference elected 3 delegates and that Sopi Zarvatov was a delegate. But page 174 in the same book mentions the conference electing Ismail Tairov, Magaza Masanchi and Fozhaev as the delegates.[261]
  • Magaza Masanchi[262] - no party affiliation mentioned in reference
  • Ismail Tairov[263]
  • In 1921 "Ma San-Chi" was delegate of 'Uyghur Revolutionary Organization" to III Comintern congress.[264]
  • "With this merger, an organ ization of Chinese subjects took on a new coloring as a tripartite alliance of Muslim groups with a connection to China: the Taranchis, Kashgaris, and Dungans. T is shift was ref ected in the election of the congress’s three representatives to the upcoming T ird Congress of the Comintern in Moscow: the Taranchi Ismail Tairov, the Dungan Red Army officer Masanchi (Ma Sanqing), and the Kashgari [Abdurahman] Mahmudov."[265]
2 / 2
 Yes
Ukraine Communist Party CP 22 Kommunistische Partei der Ukraine (22 Teilnehmer) CP(B)U? Any other party included? Who were the delegates?
2 / 22
United States (unified) Communist Party of America United Communist Party 10 Vereinigte Kommunistische Partei Amerikas (10 Teilnehmer) Lists: Ballister, Gurwitsch, Carron , Leonavio, Marshall, Haywood)
  • Max Bedacht ('Marshall')[266]
  • Ella Reeve Bloor ('Stone'/'Emmons')[267]
  • Earl Browder ('Joseph Dixon') - RILU congress delegate and fraternal delegate at III comintern congress per Jaffe (1975) [268]
  • Pascal Cosgrove ('Jack Crosby')[269]
  • William D. Haywood - for the Industrial Workers of the World[267][270] (Haywood wouldn't be an official IWW delegate though: "In May 1921, after Haywood left the US, the Thirteenth Convention of the IWW rejected affiliation wit the Profintern. However, over the objections of more anti-Communist Wobblies, the union did send an official delegate to the [Profintern] Congress, George Williams. He did not represent the previous, pro-Bolshevik leadership, but the new, anti-Communist leaders."[271])
  • Nicholas Hourwich ('P. Andrews')[271] - 'had the temerity' to argue with Lenin, not allowed to leave Russia afterwards
  • Robert Minor ('James Ballister')[272]
  • Oscar Tyverovsky ('Oscar Baldwin')[107]
  • Jānis Liepiņš[273] AND/OR Jānis Leimanis[274] - probably representing US CPA
Note: Leo Laukki ('Leo Pivio'), a political exile from the US earlier in 1921, listed as joint delegate from USA and Finland. Included in the Finnish list here.
Note: Alexander Bittelman ('A. Raphael') and James Cannon ('Dawson', 'James Cook') were the CI Reps of the two American parties stationed in Moscow and would be probable American delegates.
8 / 10
Youth 2 Jugendverband der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika (2 Teilnehmer) Young Communist League of America. Top leader and delegate to the June 1921 II YCI Congress was Martin Abern ('Parnell').
0 / 2
Japanese Com. Group 1 Japanische Kommunistische Gruppe (1 Teilnehmer) Japanese Communist Group. Taguchi Unzo, delegate, Japanese communist movement[64] "Taguchi was also from the United States; he had been designated by Katayama Sen, in accordance with Comintern instructions, to attend as the representative of the Japanese group in America."[275]
1 / 1
 Yes
Industrial Workers of the World Didn't send any delegation.[276] An IWW member, Yoshiwara Gentaro, attended but without any official backing from IWW.[277][276] 2020 (UTC)
Uruguay Socialist Party Probably not the Socialist Party of Uruguay? By 1920 the Communist Party of Uruguay had been founded, didn't participate.
White Russia CP 2 Kommunistische Partei Weißrußlands (2 Teilnehmer) Communist Party of White Russia. Who were the delegates?
0 / 2
Yugoslavia Communist Party CP 12 Kommunistische Partei Jugoslawiens (12 Teilnehmer: Markovic) Communist Party of Yugoslavia.
  • sh:Sima Marković[14][278][279][280][281] - Belgrade[282]
  • Đuro Đaković[283][279][280][281] - Sarajevo[282]
  • sh:Nikola Grulović[284] - note mentioned in any Yugoslav source, seemingly
  • sh:Ilija Milkić[285][279][280]
  • sh:Pavle Pavlović[279][280][281] - Belgrade[282]
  • Milivoje Kaljević[279][280] - Belgrade[282]
  • Nikola Josipović[279][280][281] - Osijek[282]
  • Miodrag Manojlović[279][280][281] - arrested in Belgrade on July 23, returning from congress[282]
  • Miha Koren[279][280][281] - Trbovlje[282]
  • Gavro Predojević[279][281]
  • Gabrijel Kranjec[279][280][281] - Zagreb[282]
  • Anton Šmit[279][280]
  • sh:Dušan Cekić[280][281] - Skopje[282]
  • "Treći kongres Kominterne održan je u Moskvi od 22. juna do 12. jula 1921. Kongresu je prisustvovalo 509 delegata iz 57 zemalja. Delegacija KPJ na Kongresu bila je u sastavu: Sima Marković, Pavle Pavlović, Ilija Milkić, Franjo Puškarić, Miodrag Manojlović, Miha Koren, Gabrijel Kranjec, Milivoje Kaljević, Nikola Josipović, Đuro Đaković, Vlado Bilbija, Ladislav Klinc, Anton Šmit i Dušan Cekić"[280]
  • "su na Trećem kongresu: dr Sima Marković, Đuro Đaković, Pavle Pavlović, Ilija Milkić, Milivoje Kaljević, Nikola Josipović, Miodrag Manojlović, Miha Koren, Gavro Predojević, Gabrijel anjec i Anton Šmit; kao delegati SKOJ-a učestvovali su i Ladislav Klinc, Vlado Bilbija i Franjo Puškarić."[279]
  • "Delegacija je bila brojna: Sima Marković, Đuro fĐaković, Pavle Pavlović, Milivoje Kaljević, Nikola Josipović, Miodrag Manojlović, Miha Koren, Gabrijel Kranjec, Gavro Predojević i Dušan Cekić. Kongresu je prisustvovala i delegacija SKOJ-a koja je doputovala u Moskvu na Drugi kongres Komunističke omladinske internacionale (KOI): Franjo Puškarić, Vlado Bilbija, Vojislav Vujović i Vladislav Klinc."[281]
  • "Никола Јосиповић из Осијека, Миха Корен из Трбовља, Габријел Крањец из Загреба, Војислав Вујовић из Пожаревца, Владета Билбија из Босне, Ладислав Клинц из Љубљане и један младић из Загреба, као и Илија Милкић,"[282]
12 / 12
 Yes
Youth 2 Jugendverband Jugoslawiens (2 Teilnehmer) Young Communist League of Yugoslavia
2 / 2
 Yes
Invited as 'interested group'
  • Federation of Russian Workers of South America
 ? no participation it seems

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Materials, other stuff for expansion[edit]

Credentials commission[edit]

From report 25 June, https://www.marxists.org/archive/radek/1921/radek01.htm

  • Delegates from 48 countries
  • As of 25 June, 291 delegates decisive vote recognized, 218 consultative, 100 (international) guests
  • Consultative votes: Estonian ISP, Polish Bund, PZ world federation, Near East Bureau (Congress of Peoples, most probably), Far East Bureau,
  • Estonian ISP, Bund, PZ accepted as consultative votes, as they were in negotations with Comintern, consultative not indication of affiliation.
  • Refused credentials to "CWP Bulgaria" (ex socdems) and Bulgarian "Group of Left Communists". CWP refused for having republished Kautsky's Terrorism and Communism. Group of Left Communists deemed not having demonstrated activity.
  • Romania - PSR/PCR - not a member party of CI, declared itself as CI member in May 1921 congress, unable to send delegates, individual communists from underground accepted as delegates provisionally.
  • 40 votes - Germany, France, Italy, Russia, Czechoslovakia, YCI (note: YCI participated as a single delegation, not separate country by country delegations of YCL)
  • 30 votes - Britain, US, Poland, Ukraine, Norway, Yugoslavia, and Bulgaria
  • 20 votes - Spain, Finland, Romania, Latvia, Switzerland, Hungary, Austria, the Netherlands, and Belgium
  • 10 votes - Azerbaijan (with Baku), Georgia, Lithuania, Estonia, Denmark, Luxembourg, Iran, Turkey.
  • 5 votes - South Africa, Iceland, Mexico, Armenia, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand (! not listed in neither invitation list nor in participating list), the Dutch East Indies
  • Consultative - China, Turkestan, Khiva, Bukhara, and Mongolia
  • Consultative - Japan Communist Group and Korea, admitted in individual capacity, consultative vote
  • Japanese delegation still expected

Invitation list[edit]

  • "The list of the parties and organizations invited to the Third Congress of the Comintern ( endorsed by the Small Bureau of the ECCI in late April , early May 1921"[1]

June 17[edit]

Declared holiday in Moscow by Moscow Soviet, in honour of the congress[2][3] - Parade of army, militia, cadets, scouts, etc., on Red Square, salute taken by Trotsky[2]

After Trotsky's speech, speeches by Coututier (France), Schneider (Germany), Catagnano (Italian youth), Glinksi (Poland), representatives of CPGB, Women of the east, CP Czechoslovakia, CP Persia, CP Spain. For the first time in Russia, on public places loudspeakers connected through telephones were used, so the speeches could be heard throughout the city.[4]

Kollontai[edit]

"The only speaker to ignore the group discipline of the Russian delegation and to appeal to foreign delegates to support her programme was Alexandra Kollontai who belonged to the Workers' Opposition."[5]

Congress bulletine[edit]

  • Tobias Akselrod, directed the daily bulletine at the Congress. (Delegate?)[6]Bulletine 'Moscow-Moskau-Moscou', in English, German and French[7]

Cancelled art festival[edit]

Lunacharsky planned a mass cultural festival for the III congress. It was to display the history of mankind, from stone age, to antiquity (ancient Egypt), feudalism, capitalism , the victory of the Communist International and building the future. It was conceptualized as a mass worker peasant opera with orchestra, chorus, dancers performed in large amphitheater. The festival was cancelled due to economic constraints.[8]

Accommodation[edit]

Over 600 delegates were housed at Hotel Lux.[9]

Summary and proceedings[edit]

  • Credential Commission report here: https://www.marxists.org/archive/radek/1921/radek01.htm clarifies that it was PZ world federation
  • From Trotsky (foot note, not written by Trotsky himself): "The Third Congress of the Comintern convened in Moscow from June 22 to July 12, 1921. The Congress began its sessions with 509 delegates representing 48 countries; 291 had decisive votes; 218 were consultative. Toward the close the number of delegates increased to 603. Twenty-four full plenary sessions were held. The agenda was as follows: (1) Report of the ECCI (reporter: Zinoviev); (2) The World Economic Crisis and the New Tasks of the CI (reporter: Trotsky); (3) The German Communist Workers Party (KAPD); and the Italian Question; (4) The Tactics of the CI (reporter: Radek); (5) The Trade Union Question: a) The Red Trade Union International; b) The Struggle Against the Amsterdam International (reporters: Zinoviev, Heckert); (6) The Tactics of the Communist Party of Russia (reporter: Lenin); (7) The Youth Movement; (8) The Women's Movement (reporter: Clara Zetkin); (9) Communist Work in the Cooperatives; (10) The Organizational Structure of the Communist Parties and the Methods and Content of Their Work; (11) The Organizational Structure of the Comintern; (12) The Eastern Question; (13) Election of the ECCI. The Russian Bolshevik Party was represented by 72 delegates, among them: Lenin, Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Radek, Bukharin, Rykov and others. The “Left Communists” were very strongly represented and at one time even appeared to have a majority at the Congress. Lenin demonstratively announced that at this Congress he was with the “Right Wing."[10] --Soman (talk) 22:28, 10 April 2020 (UTC)[reply]
  • As of June 23, congress had 291 delegates with decisive votes, 218 with consultative. By end 603 delegates at the Congress.[11]
  • At the 4th session of the III congress - Radek reported on the Mandate Commission of the III Congress. Albeit not all mandates had been verified, the congress had 298 delegates with decisive votes, 219 with consultative votes, 100 guests. The mandates of the Bulgarian Communist Workers Party and the Left Communists (the Bulgarian left communists??) were approved. Individual Romanian communists were given permission to participate in the congress, considering that the communists had been arrested at the Romanian socialist congress. The Estonian independents, the Polish Bund and Poale Zion were given consultative votes.[12]
  • The opening session on 22 June held at the Bolshoi Theatre.[13]
  • Sessions of the 3rd congress held in the Kremlin.[11]
  • Opening session:, 6 o clock (6 PM presumably), opening session of the III Congress. Presidium of the session: Zinoviev (Russia), Gennari (Italy), Loriot (France), Koenen (Germany), Kolarov (Bulgaria). Zinoviev began his speech by paying tribute to revolutionary martyrs from the past year. Lenin, Trotsky, cs:Alois Muna, Albert Inkpin and Heinrich Brandler were elected as 'honorary presidents' of the Congress, the latter three being in jail. Zinoviev detailed the progress of the revolutionary movement over the past year, recognizing set-backs in the March Action in particular. He highlighted that the Russian revolutionary experience showed that the path to victory goes through defeat - pointing to the possibility of seizing of French trade unions by revolutionaries, the size of the Czechoslovak party with 400,000 members, the possibility to turn defeat in Italy into victory, the unification of CPs in Britain and US, the pending foundation of RILU. He concluded his speech with a special greeting to the delegates from Near and Far East. Lev Kamenev on behalf of Moscow Soviet greeted the delegates welcome. After Zinoviev's and Kamenev's speeches, there were speeches by representatives of the larger parties. The speech of Vailliant Coututier was particularly appreciated, as he affirmed that the day would come when French workers would meet the Russian Red Army on the barricades. Then a concert of prominent Russian artists, including Feodor Chaliapin. The event was closed by singing of the Internationale.[14]

Key topics of the III congress[edit]

  • Central issue discussed at the III congress was the "March Action" in Germany.
  • Paul Levi, KPD leader and ECCI member, had been expelled for labelling the March Action as 'putsch'.
  • Situation in Czechoslovak and Italian parties also discussed

[15]

  • Comintern, at III congress, renounced 'theory of the offensive' and recognized that 'the post-war revolutionary ferment is over' and that 'capitalism had managed to restore a temporary equilibrium'.[16]
  • "Även om Serrati- och Levikriserna kastade sin skugga, fördes dock inga häxprocesser ännu och avvikande meningar kunde framföras. En viss opposition hade bedrivits av ”revolutionens mäktigaste talarinna” Alexandra Kollontay och Alexander Schlapnikov"[17]

Agenda and proceedings[edit]

Congress was opened by Zinoiev[15]

Agenda included;

  • The World Economic Crisis and the New Tasks of the Communist International (Trotsky)
  • Report on the activities of the ECCI (Zinoiev)
  • The Tactics of the Communist International (Radek)
  • The relations of the Red International of Labour Unions (RILU) to the Communist International; and the struggle against the "yellow trade union international" (Zinoiev, Heckert)
  • The tactics of the Russian Communist Party (Lenin)
  • The structure of communist parties and the methods and content of their work (W. Koenen)
  • The women's movement (Clara Zetkin)
  • The Communist International and the communist youth movement (Munzenberg)
  • The co-operative question (Mescerjakov)

[15]

Documents adopted[edit]

  • These on the world situation and the tasks of the Communist International
  • Resolution on the report of the ECCI
  • Resolution on the situation in the German Communist Party
  • Theses on tactics
  • Theses on the structure of communist parties and on the methods and content of their work
  • Resolution on the organization of the ECCI
  • Theses on the Communist International and the RILU
  • Resolution on the March Action in Germany and about the situation in the KPD
  • Theses on tactics of the Russian Communist Party
  • Resolution on tactics of the Russian Communist Party
  • Resolution on methods of work among the women of the communist party
  • Resolution on the Communist International and the Communist Youth International
  • Resolution on the co-operative question
  • Appeal to the world proletariat

[15]

India[edit]

  • "At the Comintern's Third Congress in June 1921, 14 Indians, remnants of the German “Indian Provisional Government,” showed up. They had cooled their heels in Berlin since the war hoping to find a new patron but refusing at first to turn to Soviet Russia. But three years changed their outlook, and encouraged by the Soviet ambassador in Berlin they went to Moscow to talk to Lenin. They urged him to dump Roy and let them revolutionize India without accepting Lenin's atheistic ideology. Lenin listened politely and said no. Many of the Indians left Russia miffed but two remained, one to work in the Comintern headquarters, the other, Nalini Gupta, to become Roy's valued assistant and an important mover in the Indian Leninist subsidiary's early history."[18] --Soman (talk) 10:47, 11 April 2020 (UTC)[reply]
  • "It is interesting to note that the Berlin group of revolutionaries led by Virendranath Chattopadhyaya finally reached Moscow in 1921 to meet the Comintern leadership. They were of the view that first India should get rid of British rule and thereafter form the Communist Party. They wanted the Comintern’s assistance for the national liberation struggle. They did not want M N Roy and his group to be recognised as the Indian Communist Party. A commission of the Comintern after hearing all the views decided to recognise the Party formed in Tashkent as the Indian Communist group."[19]
  • "It may be casually pointed out that the formation of the party at Tashkent was challenged by the delegation of Indian revolutionaries who had come from Berlin to Moscow to attend the Third World Congress of the Communist International."[20]
  • "However , no organized communist activity , even on a very small scale , seems to have existed in India in the period 1917 - 21 ."[1]
  • "In the meantime, an Indian Revolutionary Committee had been.formed in Berlin, at the .end of 1920, with the blessings of Michael Borodin, who was then staying there to make arrangements for the journey of the delegates to· the Third World Congress of the Comintern.50 Now, with Russian money, thirteen members of this committee, including Chattopadhyaya, Bhupendranath Datta, Birendninath Dasgupta, Herambalal Gupta, Pandurang Khankoje, Gulam Ambia Luhani and Miss Agnes Smedley, left for Moscow, in the beginning of March. They were also joined by Nalini Gupta, who had come to Berlin at the end of 1920, but had not joined. this committee"[21]

Bund[edit]

  • "... delegate representatives to the Ill Congress of the Communist International, to enable them to get into closer contact with the entire Comintern, also to afford us an opportunity to get better acquainted with the Bund through their intermediary. But the results of the presence of the two delegates of the central committee of the Bund who were admitted to the Congress with consultative votes, did not meet with the desired expectations. The delegates to the Bund did not participate in the work of the work of the Congress, did not request the floor on any question, whether in the commissions or in the plenary sessions, while one of the them availed himself of his stay at Moscow to commit a trespass against the Soviet Republic, in consequence of which a commission of the Executive Committee pronounced him as unworthy of participating in the negotiations of the Executive Committee."[22] --Soman (talk) 11:05, 11 April 2020 (UTC)[reply]
  • "Walecki was firmly opposed to conditional membership of the Bund, denouncing it as a nationalist, separatist, and opportunistic party; he was also opposed to the proposal of Zinoviev and Radek, representatives of the Executive Committee, to invite the Bund to the upcoming Third Congress of the Comintern."[23]
  • "The task of the Bund Central Committee delegation to the Third Congress of the Communist International was to raise once again the Bund question. It was to appeal to the Congress to rescind the decision of the Executive and agree to include the Bund without the conditions considered unacceptable by the Party. But the Bund delegation was greeted with hostility from the very beginning of their stay in Moscow. It turned out that in the time between March 1921 (the meeting with the special Bund emissary) and June 15 of the same year (the opening of the Third Congress), the Polish Communists managed to cast the Bund in a particularly harsh light to the authoritative Comintern circles."[24]
  • "Besides these there were delegates from the Young Communist Movement, the Near and Far Eastern Bureau, the “Polish Bund,” and “Paole Zion,” the two latter with a consultative vote until their question of affiliating to the Communist International.[25]

Misc. delegates, whose party identity needs clarification?[edit]

  • Arthur Holitscher, mention as 'participant' in the III congress of Comintern.[26] There might be an error here, since per Wikipedia he travelled to Russia for 3 months in September 1920, so it could have been the Second Congress instead.
  • Sergei Dalin - Сергей Алексеевич Далин - attended the II KIM congress per [27] Delegate at III Comintern congress, as of 1920 Kazakhstan Komsomol official, in 1921 elected to the Far Eastern Secretariat.[28] Perhaps he's the Far East youth delegate??
  • Varsenika Kasparova? Mentioned as having been elected to the Communist International Women's Secretariat in 1921.[29] Delegate at III Congress, and if so which delegation (RCP(b)? Tatar? Baku? Far East?)
  • Shaymardan Ibragimov - this ref [30] says he attended the III congress in 1920... so either its the III congress or the date is misprinted.

Women's conference[edit]

  • 9-15 June, 1921, 2nd International Conference of Communist Women, 82 delegates from 28 countries (increased from 25 delegates of 19 countries in first conference)[31]
  • July 1921; new International Women's Secretariat elected; Zetkin (general secretary), Kollontai, Varsenika Kasparova, Zinaida Lilina, Colliard, Sturm.[31]
  • "Wie Sturm später ausführte, stand die II. Internationale Frauenkonferenz noch ganz im Zeichen der revolutionären Offensivtheorie, die erst wenig später, mit dem III. Weltkongreß, zugunsten einer neuen Taktik, der Einheitsfrontpolitik, verändert wurde."[31]
  • Before the congress, a conference of women of the east organized by Kasparova with 45 delegates[31] - same as the IWS conference? when? seems it was also in Moscow around III congress

Japan and Japanese group in US[edit]

  • Taguchi Unzo, delegate, Japanese communist movement[32]
  • "Kondo was unable to keep his promise to attend the Third Congress of the Comintern held at Moscow from June 22 to July 12, but there were two Japanese present—Yoshiwara Gentaro and Taguchi Unzo. Yoshiwara, a participant in the Japanese socialist group in the United States and a member of the American branch of the Industrial Workers of the World, had taken part in the Congress of the Peoples of the East held at Baku in September 1920. Taguchi was also from the United States; he had been designated by Katayama Sen, in accordance with Comintern instructions, to attend as the representative of the Japanese group in America. The Third Congress of the Comintern convened in an atmosphere of disappointment, largely because the communist revolutionary movement had failed to achieve success outside Russia."[33]
  • [34] implies that Yoshiwara Gentaro did not come to Moscow as an official IWW delegate. --Soman (talk) 00:06, 12 April 2020 (UTC)[reply]
  • Kondo Eizo [ja]

Süleyman Nuri[edit]

delegate[32], but in which delegation? (Turkish? Armenian? Baku?) --Soman (talk) 12:11, 11 April 2020 (UTC)[reply]

Turkish according to Bülent Gökay[35]

Poalei Zion[edit]

  • "The World Union [of Left PZ...] wrote a letter to the Executive Council of the Communist International on April 20, 1921. In the letter it was made clear that the [Left] World Union Poale Zion had decided to join the Comintern. The decision was approved by the local parties. The Union asked to be accepted as a member under the name of a Jewish division, and request representation in the Congress and in the Executive Council of the Communist International"[36]
  • PZ participated as consultative. At the end of the III congress, ECCI represented the following conditions to PZ - 1) PZ to abandon the notion of a homeland in Palestine, 2) the PZ World Union would be dissolved, 3) each of the PZ member parties would merge, as a Jewish section possibly, of the local communist party.[37]

Colonial question[edit]

Colonial question not given prominence at III congress, Lenin and Trotsky only mentioned it in passing. Roy criticized the lack of attention to colonial question, was rebutted by a Bulgarian delegate who argued that the question had already been discussed at length in the II congress and at the Congress of the Peoples of the East in Baku.[38]

Cuba[edit]

  • RUBIO, José. "Representante acreditado de la Sección Comunista de Cuba en la Región Mexicana (1921). Dio a M. Díaz Ramírez* la credencial para representar a la Sección Comunista de Cuba en el III Congreso de la Comintern (5.4.1921). Fue detenido en la Ciudad de México (16.5.1921) y deportado a Laredo (EE.UU); después de su regreso de los EE.UU. fue deportado a España (06.1921)."[39] page number?

Bulgarian CWP[edit]

The Communist Workers Party of Bulgaria, linked with KAPD, sent delegates to III congress, but they were not seated.[40]

  • "The opposition did not at all want to leave the party or the Comintern. It wanted to obtain the reintegration of those excluded. Consequently, the left-communist groups of the Bulgarian cp sent delegates to Moscow to get a mandate to allow them to participate, at least with a consultative voice, in the Third Congress of the Comintern" - wanted mandate on same lines as VKPD opposition. Radek refused, as there was no 'Bulgarian question'. In Jan 1922 formed BCWP.[41]

SLP[edit]

  • The Socialist Labor Party, having rejected the 21 conditions, nevertheless sent two observers to the III congress.[42]
  • Seems they were detained upon arrival?[43] - It was Adolf S. Carm who was detained per the source, in the source described as SLP delegate to III congress, but
  • Adolf S. Carm, WIIU delegate to RILU congress, arrested, accused of "having given assistance to the state in repression of IWW". The two official SLP delegates also questioned. A commission was set-up to investigate, which found that the issue related to factional tension between IWW and CP. Carm released and allowed to attend RILU congress. Then arrested again. Carm released after Lenin had been informed and the SLP delegates had vouched for him.[34]

References

  1. ^ a b Communist Party of India (Marxist). History Commission (2005). History of the Communist Movement in India. CPI (M) Publications. p. 49. ISBN 978-81-87496-50-2.
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference cr51 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Новая и новейшая история. Наука. 1973. p. 71.
  4. ^ Öppningshögtidligheterna vid III Internationalens 3 kongress, in Norrskensflamman, 1921-07-01. p. 5
  5. ^ Babette Gross (1974). Willi Münzenberg: A Political Biography. Michigan State University Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-87013-173-8.
  6. ^ Milorad M. Drachkovitch (1986). Biographical Dictionary of the Comintern. Hoover Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-8179-8403-8.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference mar was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ David Roberts (15 November 2011). The Total Work of Art in European Modernism. Cornell University Press. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-8014-6097-5.
  9. ^ Stephen Kotkin (6 November 2014). Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928. Penguin Publishing Group. p. 442. ISBN 978-0-698-17010-0.
  10. ^ Leon Trotsky (1972). The First 5 Years of the Communist International. Monad Press. p. 172.
  11. ^ a b Сочинения. Партиздать Цк ВКП (б). 1936. p. 672.
  12. ^ Moskvakongressens tredje o. fjärde sammanträde, in Norrskensflamman, 1921-07-06. p. 7
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference SamedovAskerov1970 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Sinovjeff öppnar Internationalens kongress, in Norrskensflamman, 1921-07-01. p. 5
  15. ^ a b c d Vilém Kahan (1990). Bibliography of the Communist International: 1919-1979. Vol. 1. BRILL. p. 130-131. ISBN 90-04-09320-6.
  16. ^ Manabendra Nath Roy (2004). The Radical Humanist. Maniben Kara. p. 30.
  17. ^ Zeth Höglund (1951). Minnen i fackelsken. Tidens förlag. p. 46.
  18. ^ Eugene H. Methvin (1973). The Rise of Radicalism: The Social Psychology of Messianic Extremism. Arlington House. p. 384. ISBN 978-0-87000-158-1.
  19. ^ https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2019/1013_pd/formation-cpi-tashkent
  20. ^ Sukhbir Choudhary (1971). Peasants' and Workers' Movement in India, 1905-1929. People's Publishing House. p. 126.
  21. ^ https://www.asj.upd.edu.ph/mediabox/archive/ASJ-08-03-1970/bose-indian%20revolutionaries%20bolsheviksearly%20contacts%201918-1922.pdf
  22. ^ Bulletin of the Executive Committee of the Communist International. 26th State Typography. 1967. p. 44.
  23. ^ Gabriele Simoncini (1993). The Communist Party of Poland, 1918-1929: A Study in Political Ideology. Edwin Mellen Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-7734-9414-5.
  24. ^ Emanuel Nowogródzki; Mark Nowogrodzki (31 December 2001). The Jewish Labor Bund in Poland, 1915-1939: from its emergence as an independent political party until the beginning of World War II. Shengold. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-88400-214-7.
  25. ^ Communist International. Congress (1921). Report of Meetings Held at Moscow, June 22nd-July 12th, 1921. Communist Party of Great Britain. p. 42.
  26. ^ Алексей Николаевич Дубовиков; L. P. Lanskiĭ (1969). Из истории международного обьединения революционных писателей (МОРП). Наука. p. 631.
  27. ^ Проблемы Дальнего Востока. 1978. p. 192.
  28. ^ Я. В Васильков (2003). Люди и судьбы: биобиблиографический словарь востоковедов--жертв политического террора в советский период (1917-1991). Петербургское Востоковедение. p. 139. ISBN 978-5-85803-225-0.
  29. ^ John Riddell (14 October 2011). Toward the United Front: Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the Communist International, 1922. BRILL. p. 1254. ISBN 978-90-04-20779-0.
  30. ^ А. И. Сухарев (2004). Мордовия: А-М. Мордовское книжное изд-во. p. 350.
  31. ^ a b c d Bayerlein, Bernhard H.. Zwischen Internationale und GULAG. Präliminarien zur Geschichte der internationalen kommunistischen Frauenbewegung (1919-1945). Teil 1. In: The International Newsletter of Communist Studies Online 12 (2006), 19, pp. 27-47
  32. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference p1244 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  33. ^ The Japanese Communist Party. 1969. p. 35.
  34. ^ a b Reiner Tosstorff (8 September 2016). The Red International of Labour Unions (RILU) 1920 - 1937. BRILL. p. 174. ISBN 978-90-04-32557-9. Cite error: The named reference "Tosstorff2016" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  35. ^ Gökay, Bülent (1993). "The Turkish Communist Party: The Fate of the Founders". Middle Eastern Studies. 29 (2): 220–235. ISSN 0026-3206.
  36. ^ Baruch Gurevitz (15 September 1980). National Communism in the Soviet Union, 1918-28. University of Pittsburgh Pre. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-8229-7736-0.
  37. ^ Gurevitz, Baruch, and Dominique Négrel. [www.jstor.org/stable/20169699 Un Cas De Communisme National En Union Soviétique Le Poale Zion: 1918-1928]. Cahiers Du Monde Russe Et Soviétique, vol. 15, no. 3/4, 1974, pp. 333–361.
  38. ^ Charles B. McLane (8 December 2015). Soviet Strategies in Southeast Asia: An Exploration of Eastern Policy under Lenin and Stalin. Princeton University Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-4008-7966-3.
  39. ^ Lazar Jeifets; Víctor Jeifets; Peter Huber (2004). La Internacional comunista y América Latina, 1919-1943: diccionario biográfico. Instituto de Latinoamérica de la Academia de las Ciencias.
  40. ^ To the Masses: Proceedings of the Third Congress of the Communist International, 1921. BRILL. 13 February 2015. p. 1212. ISBN 978-90-04-28803-4.
  41. ^ Philippe Bourrinet (8 December 2016). The Dutch and German Communist Left (1900–68): ‘Neither Lenin nor Trotsky nor Stalin!’ - ‘All Workers Must Think for Themselves!’. BRILL. p. 247. ISBN 978-90-04-32593-7.
  42. ^ Socialist Labor Party (1943). Workers of the World, Unite!: Declaration on the Dissolution of the Communist International, Adopted May 27, 1943. New York Labor News Company. p. 16.
  43. ^ Игорь Бунич (2003). Золото партии. Яуза. p. 213.

Polish sources[edit]

You asked me to look into that. Here is what I found:

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