M6 Tractor

M6 High-Speed Tractor
Wartime photo of a M6 Tractor
Type	Artillery tractor
Place of origin	United States
Service history
Used by	US Army
Wars	World War II
Production history
Manufacturer	Allis-Chalmers
Produced	February 1944-August 1945
No. built	1,235
Specifications
Mass	76,000 lb (34.5 t)
Length	21 ft 6 in (6.55 m)
Width	10 ft 0 in (3.05 m)
Height	8 ft 8 in (2.64 m)
Crew	11
Main armament	.50 cal (12.7 mm) M2 machine gun
Engine	2 × Waukesha 145GZ 6-cylinder gasoline engine 2 × 190 hp (140 kW) at 2,100 rpm
Suspension	Horizontal Volute Spring Suspension
Operational range	110 mi (180 km)
Maximum speed	21 mph (34 km/h)

The M6 High-Speed Tractor was an artillery tractor used by the US Army during World War II.

Manufactured by Allis-Chalmers, it was used to tow heavy artillery pieces, such as the 8-inch Gun M1 and 240 mm howitzer M1. Its G-number was (G-184).

Development

Although in the late 1930s the US Army lacked a clear mechanization policy, the success of the "blitzkrieg" in 1939-40 highlighted the need of motorized vehicles for both tactical and strategic maneuver, which meant that towed artillery would need to move at a speed comparable to that of the armored fighting vehicles.

To achieve this, a series of “high speed tractors” was planned, which would tow the different artillery pieces existing (or planned) in the US Army inventory. The “high” speed was considered in comparison with horse-drawn artillery rather than that obtainable with wheeled prime movers or ballast tractors. The models considered in the series included: 7 ton, 13 ton, 18 ton, and 38 ton.

Intended to tow heavy artillery pieces as the 240 mm howitzer M1 and the 8-inch Gun M1, the M6 artillery tractor was larger and heavier than the M4 Artillery Tractor, although they had a similar layout. The main differences between both were in the following areas:

• Running Gear (6 running wheels in the M6, instead of 4 wheels in the M4)
• Dimensions
• Weight
• Towing capacity
• Engine

It was powered by two six-cylinder, in-line, Waukesha 145GZ gasoline engines with an engine displacement of 13.4 L (820 cu in), each of which gave 190 hp (140 kW) at 2,100 rev/min. The running gear consisted on six rubber-rimmed wheels per side, with the drive wheel located at the front and a large tensioning wheel at the rear; a layout similar to the one used in the M3 Light Tank and later in the M4 Tractor.

Service history

The M6 tractor was chiefly used in the European theater only in the last months of World War II. Until then large caliber artillery was moved by the M1 Heavy Tractor, heavy trucks, or vehicles such as the M33 Prime Mover, M34 Prime Mover or M35 Prime Mover derived from the M3 Medium Tank, M4 Medium Tank, and M10 GMC hulls respectively

Use of this tractor in the Pacific theater seems to have been limited to training at Oahu, (Hawaii).

Some vehicles were sold to Israel after being replaced by self-propelled artillery.

Users

• US Army

Surviving vehicles

• Overloon War Museum, Netherlands

National Military Vehicle Museum, Edinburgh, South Australia

Gallery

• 
  M6 tractor, Overloon
• 
  Side view, M6 tractor, Overloon
• 
  Front view, M6 Tractor, Overloon
• 
  Rear view, towing an 8-inch howitzer M1, Overloon

See also

• List of U.S. military vehicles by model number
• List of U.S. military vehicles by supply catalog designation (G184)

Comparable vehicles

• M4 Tractor
• M5 Tractor

References

Bibliography

• Crismon, Fred W. (1992). US military tracked vehicles. Osceola: Motorbooks International. ISBN 0-87938-672-X.
• Doyle, David; Pat Stansell (2006). High speed tractor. Delray Beach: Ampersand Publishing. ISBN 0-9773781-0-1.

Further reading

Technical manuals

• SNL G184
• TM 9-2800 1943 Military vehicles
• TM 9-2800 1947
• TM 9-2800-1 1953
• TM 9-788
• TM 9-1785A
• TM 9-1788
• TM 9-1825A
• TM 9-1826C
• TM 9-1827A
• TM 9-1828A
• TM 9-1829A

Books and publications

• Trewhitt, Phillip (1999). Armoured Fighting Vehicles. Expert Guide. Bristol: Dempsey Parr. ISBN 1-84084-328-4.

External links

• Olive-Drab website, Highspeed M4 (accessed 2014-03-02)

Media related to M6 High Speed Tractor at Wikimedia Commons