Larbert, New South Wales

Coordinates: 35°17′44″S 149°46′8″E / 35.29556°S 149.76889°E / -35.29556; 149.76889
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Larbert
New South Wales
House in Larbert
Larbert is located in New South Wales
Larbert
Larbert
Location in New South Wales
Map
Coordinates35°17′44″S 149°46′8″E / 35.29556°S 149.76889°E / -35.29556; 149.76889
Population34 (2021 census)[1]
Postcode(s)2622
Location
LGA(s)Queanbeyan–Palerang
RegionSouthern Tablelands
County
Parish
State electorate(s)Monaro
Federal division(s)Eden-Monaro
Localities around Larbert:
Manar Mayfield Marlowe
Warri Larbert Durran Durra
Bombay Braidwood Braidwood

Larbert is a locality in the Queanbeyan-Palerang Region of the Southern Tablelands region of New South Wales.[2][3] It lies mostly north of the Kings Highway between Bungendore and Braidwood where it crosses the Shoalhaven River. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 34.[1]

History[edit]

Aboriginal and early settler history[edit]

The area now known as Larbert lies on the traditional lands of Walbanga people,[4] a group of Yuin. After settler colonisation, it was part of the County of Murray—west of the river, in what would become the Parish of Larbert—and east of the river was of the County of St. Vincent. It lay within the Nineteen Counties, in which settlement was permitted by the colonial government. The area was included in the surveying of the colonial lands, carried out under Thomas Mitchell's supervision.

The early name for the area, Kurraducbidgee,[5] sometimes spelt Kurraduckbidgee, was said to be a combination of two—presumably local—Aboriginal words, which settlers rendered as "kurraduc"—said to be either a native companion or a kind of long-beaked crane common on the Shoalhaven's river flats—and "bidgee"—said to mean a river with flats.[6][7] The original use of this name by colonists probably reflects the view of Thomas Mitchell that 'native names' should be used.[8]

Colonial settlers took up land in this area from the 1820s. The Ryrie family's property and homestead, 'Arnprior', was the nucleus of colonial settlement in the area.

By 1832, the crossing of the Shoalhaven River at Kurraducbidgee was part of the southward continuation of the Great South Road, which in those times forked at Marulan, with one route going to Bungonia and the other to Goulburn.[9] This forking was in the—ultimately unfulfilled—hope that there would be a route found through the coastal escarpment via Bungonia, while the path through Goulburn headed in the direction of newly occupied grazing areas. The route to Sydney from the Braidwood area, in those times, was via Kurraducbidgee and Bungonia.[10]

Village of Larbert[edit]

There was once a small village named Larbert, north of the Kings Highway, along modern-day Mayfield Road and alongside the left bank of the Shoalhaven River. It is likely, but uncertain, that Larbert is named after Larbert, Scotland.[11]

In 1843, Larbert was proclaimed as one of the planned townships to lie along route of the road from Braidwood to Jervis Bay, at a locality then named as Kurraducbidgee,[5] which is said to be its local Aboriginal name. This portion of the road was originally part of an existing road—leading to Bungonia and ultimately to Sydney[12] via Marulan[9]—and it was upgraded to connect to the new 'Wool Road'.[13][14] The new township site was adjacent to William Ryrie's 2,650 acre landholding Arnprior, near the location where the road crossed the river via a ford.[15]

It seems that Ryrie had plans to irrigate his land from the Shoalhaven and farm it using convict labour. The township of Larbert was a part of those plans.[11] Allotments were sold in the township in 1843[16] and 1852.[17] There was also to be a village on the right bank of the river at the crossing, bearing the earlier name of the area, Kurraducbidgee.[18]

New South Wales entered an economic depression in the early 1840s. The Wool Road was a failure, and Ryrie turned his attention to the Port Phillip District,[19] reducing Larbert's prospects of growth. Ryrie even attempted to dispose of Arnprior, in 1844,[20] without success.

However, any plans for the township were curtailed by the demonstration—during the Shoalhaven River flood of July 1853—that most of its site was flood prone—as some had foreseen[21]—bringing scorn and ridicule upon the government and its surveyor, James Larmer.[18][22][23] Fortunately, no houses had been built there at the time.[21] The site lay on a natural floodplain, just upstream from where the topography constricts the width of river valley. Flood waters could rise very quickly at Larbert—without any prior warning—following rain in the upper part of the Shoalhaven catchment.[18][24]

Nonetheless, the river crossing was on the mail route from Braidwood to Sydney in 1854,[25] it was also used by the gold escort in 1852,[26] and it was on what seems to have been a stage coach route in 1858.[27] A small settlement did develop at Larbert. From around 1858, there was a public house known as the 'Cottage of Content' and, from 1866, it also served as a post office.[28][29] It was affected by serious floods in 1860,[30] 1867,[31] and 1870,[32] and the building would be lost altogether in yet another flood in 1925.[29]

Mail was still being carried over the crossing in April 1867 but an observer noted that, "really the mail road from Arnprior to Boro by the Stony Range is in such a rascally condition that it is almost impassable, and it is a marvel how the mail-drivers manage to get along in the dark."[33] With the delays due to floods and the terrible condition of the road, it was only a matter of time before this route would cease to be the main route to Sydney.

A shorter road from Braidwood to Goulburn (modern-day Goulburn Road) was made, via another crossing of the Shoalhaven at Warri, and opened to traffic in 1862 [34][35][36] However, parts of the new road became boggy after rain, and the mail service, alternately, used the new road and older Larbert route.[37] In 1867—with the coming of the railway to Marulan imminent—there was agitation for the road from Braidwood to Marulan—via Larbert and Bungonia—to be upgraded to include a bridge at Larbert, but that route would bypass the important town of Goulburn.[38][39] In 1868, estimates were made for a bridge to be situated either at the Warri or Larbert river crossing.[40] However, by September 1868, a local landholder had erected fences across the old road and the mail could no longer be carried via Larbert.[41] The railway reached Goulburn in May 1869[42] and the road bridge at Warri was opened in September 1874.[43][44] Larbert was fated to become an isolated backwater.

Larbert had a public school from 1867 to 1868[45] and from 1874 to 1891. Larbert East school operated from 1874 to 1892. Both schools operated as "half-time" schools and as each other's partners from 1874, except in 1892 when Larbert East school was partnered with Uradux school.[46][47][48][49] Land was reserved for a Union Church in 1878.[50]

A village site was reserved on the same land as the earlier settlement, in 1881. The village had an unusual street plan with large open spaces, between the different parts of the village, corresponding to low-lying areas and reflecting the hard-won experience of earlier floods.[51][15][52] The area continued to be flood affected, with serious floods occurring in 1900,[53] 1925,[29][54] 1934,[55] 1943,[56] and 1948.[57]

Although Larbert was primarily an agricultural area, gold had been found in the area by October 1851[58] and the Shoalhaven's riverbed contained alluvial gold. A gold dredge operated near Larbert from 1901 to 1904.[59][60]

Larbert lay on the route of a never-built proposed railway that was to link the Federal Capital Territory to what is now Jervis Bay Territory.[61]

By 1917, the village seems to have been reduced to just one street of town allotments.[62] By 1948, the village's small Union Church, while then still standing, had not been used for eight years.[11] It was revived for a time, but finally sold in the 1970s.[63] Larbert was designated as the name of the locality in 1969.[64]

Present day[edit]

The part of Larbert that lies on the left bank of the Shoalhaven is a quiet locality, with grazing and agriculture the main economic activity.

One of the old village's street names, Borough Street (originally Boro Street), still appears on modern-day maps. The modern-day Borough Street runs for most of its length across private land, and the road now runs only as far as the Arnprior homestead, not to Boro. Just before Borough Street diverges from Mayfield Road, on the western side of Mayfield Road, there is an old house and the ruin of a single-storey brick building, both of which were once part of the village.[65][66][67] On private land, all that is left of the church now are its foundations, front steps, and the adjoining cemetery.[66][68]

Larbert Road still runs from the Kings Highway outside Braidwood toward the old river crossing but these days is only a local road.[69] The area of the locality, near the right bank of the river, is now the site of an extensive quarrying operation.[70][71]

Heritage listings[edit]

Larbert has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Larbert". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 27 September 2022. Edit this at Wikidata
  2. ^ "Larbert". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Retrieved 27 February 2021. Edit this at Wikidata
  3. ^ "Larbert". OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  4. ^ "Tindale Tribes - Walbanga". archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  5. ^ a b "TOWNSHIPS ON ROAD TO JERVIS BAY". New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900). 13 January 1843. p. 72. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  6. ^ "NATIVE NAMES". Register (Adelaide, SA : 1901 - 1929). 20 March 1905. p. 4. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  7. ^ "TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD". Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954). 22 June 1900. p. 7. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  8. ^ "The Development of a System of Place Names in New South Wales. (1 October 1937)". trove.nla.gov.au. pp. 376–392. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  9. ^ a b "The Old Hume Highway, History begins with a road" (PDF). Australian Government and NSW Roads and Maritime. p. 7.
  10. ^ "OLD BRAIDWOOD". Braidwood Dispatch and Mining Journal (NSW : 1888 - 1954). 3 September 1943. p. 2. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  11. ^ a b c "PAST HISTORY OF THE CHURCH". Braidwood Review and District Advocate (NSW : 1915 - 1954). 14 December 1948. p. 1. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  12. ^ "Tegg's New South Wales Pocket Almanac and Remembrancer, 1842". Trove. p. 295-296. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  13. ^ ngh environmental (25 July 2017). "Appendix F - Statement of Heritage Impact CHARLEYONG BRIDGE REPLACEMENT" (PDF). pp. 8, 9.
  14. ^ "Original Correspondence". Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842). 17 June 1841. p. 3. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  15. ^ a b "Plan of the village of Larbert and suburban lands [cartographic material] : Parish of Larbert, County of Murray, Land District of Braidwood, N.S.W., 1888". Trove. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  16. ^ "PROCLAMATION". New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900). 15 August 1843. p. 1045. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  17. ^ "THE SOUTHERN GOLD FIELDS". Goulburn Herald and County of Argyle Advertiser (NSW : 1848 - 1859). 18 September 1852. p. 4. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  18. ^ a b c "THE DOOMED TOWNSHIP OF "LARBERT."". People's Advocate and New South Wales Vindicator (Sydney, NSW : 1848-1856). 30 July 1853. p. 4. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  19. ^ "PORT PHILLIP". Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840). 15 February 1840. p. 2. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  20. ^ "Advertising". Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954). 30 November 1844. p. 1. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  21. ^ a b "A GUNDAGAI IN EMBRYO". People's Advocate and New South Wales Vindicator (Sydney, NSW : 1848-1856). 26 February 1853. p. 9. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  22. ^ "TO THE GOVERNMENT TOWNSHIP OF LARBERT, UNDER WATER". People's Advocate and New South Wales Vindicator (Sydney, NSW : 1848-1856). 6 August 1853. p. 6. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  23. ^ "IRRESPONSIBILITY OF GOVERNMENT". People's Advocate and New South Wales Vindicator (Sydney, NSW : 1848-1856). 3 September 1853. p. 9. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  24. ^ "RIFLE SHOOTING AT MANLY BEACH. - Flood on the Goldfields". Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954). 22 April 1861. p. 5. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  25. ^ "BRAIDWOOD". Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954). 22 April 1854. p. 3. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  26. ^ "THE SOUTHERN DIGGINGS". Goulburn Herald and County of Argyle Advertiser (NSW : 1848 - 1859). 4 September 1852. p. 4. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  27. ^ "BRAIDWOOD". Goulburn Herald and County of Argyle Advertiser (NSW : 1848 - 1859). 2 June 1858. p. 2. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  28. ^ "The Country". Illawarra Mercury (Wollongong, NSW : 1856 - 1950). 24 June 1858. p. 2. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  29. ^ a b c Maddrell, Roslyn. Braidwood District, Post Office and People. Braidwood, N.S.W.
  30. ^ "SHOALHAVEN RIVER". Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875). 20 February 1860. p. 3. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  31. ^ "GREAT FLOOD IN THE BRAIDWOOD DISTRICT". Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954). 1 April 1867. p. 5. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  32. ^ "BRAIDWOOD AND QUEANBEYAN". Australian Town and Country Journal (Sydney, NSW : 1870 - 1907). 2 April 1870. p. 22. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  33. ^ "FLOODS IN THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT". Queanbeyan Age and General Advertiser (NSW : 1864 - 1867). 5 April 1867. p. 3. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  34. ^ "LOCAL AND PROVINCIAL". Goulburn Herald (NSW : 1860 - 1864). 21 August 1861. p. 2. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  35. ^ "COUNTRY NEWS". Sydney Mail (NSW : 1860 - 1871). 8 June 1861. p. 3. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  36. ^ "THE NEW ROAD TO BORO". Goulburn Herald (NSW : 1860 - 1864). 4 June 1862. p. 2. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  37. ^ "TUESDAY—MAY 14". Goulburn Herald and Chronicle (NSW : 1864 - 1881). 15 May 1867. p. 2. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  38. ^ "TELEGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE". Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875). 10 July 1867. p. 4. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  39. ^ "THE BRAIDWOOD ROAD". Goulburn Herald and Chronicle (NSW : 1864 - 1881). 27 July 1867. p. 5. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  40. ^ "COUNTRY WORKS". Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954). 22 April 1868. p. 9. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  41. ^ "THE LARBERT ROUTE TO GOULBURN". Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954). 25 September 1868. p. 4. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  42. ^ "Goulburn Station". www.nswrail.net. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  43. ^ "THE WARRI BRIDGE". Goulburn Herald and Chronicle (NSW : 1864 - 1881). 9 May 1874. p. 2. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  44. ^ "OPENING OF THE WARRI BRIDGE". Freeman's Journal (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1932). 3 October 1874. p. 6. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  45. ^ "Larbert (1) Half-Time School in the School history database search". New South Wales Department of Education. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  46. ^ "Larbert (2) Half-Time School in the School history database search". New South Wales Department of Education. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  47. ^ "Larbert East Half-Time School in the School history database search". New South Wales Department of Education. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  48. ^ "Glossary of school types". education.nsw.gov.au. 3 December 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  49. ^ Centre for Education Statistics and Evaluation (6 March 2023). "Glossary of school types". education.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  50. ^ "RESERVE FROM SALE FOR A UNION CHURCH". New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900). 30 March 1878. p. 1346. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  51. ^ "SITE FOR THE VILLAGE OF LARBERT". New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900). 25 April 1881. p. 2349. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  52. ^ "Parish of Larbert, County of Murray [cartographic material] : Land District of Braidwood, Eastern Division N.S.W. (1924)". Trove. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  53. ^ "OUR NEIGHBOURS". South Coast Times and Wollongong Argus (NSW : 1900 - 1954). 21 July 1900. p. 5. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  54. ^ "FLOOD DAMAGE". Daily Telegraph (Sydney, NSW : 1883 - 1930). 6 June 1925. p. 1. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  55. ^ "TOLL OF THE FLOOD". Braidwood Review and District Advocate (NSW : 1915 - 1954). 16 January 1934. p. 2. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  56. ^ "FLOOD DAMAGE". Braidwood Review and District Advocate (NSW : 1915 - 1954). 29 June 1943. p. 1. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  57. ^ "FLOOD RAINS". Braidwood Review and District Advocate (NSW : 1915 - 1954). 4 May 1948. p. 2. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  58. ^ "COPY OF A LETTER FROM THE REV. W. B. CLARKE". Empire (Sydney, NSW : 1850 - 1875). 14 February 1852. p. 4. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  59. ^ "BRAIDWOOD MINING NEWS". Goulburn Evening Penny Post (NSW : 1881 - 1940). 30 March 1901. p. 6. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  60. ^ "The Larbert Dredge". Nowra Colonist (NSW : 1899 - 1904). 6 July 1904. p. 3. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  61. ^ Scrivener, Charles Robert (June 1909). "Map shewing practicable railway route between proposed Federal Territory and Jervis Bay [cartographic material]". Trove. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  62. ^ "County of Murray - Proposed railway routes between Yass and Canberra". Trove. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  63. ^ Maddrell, Roslyn. Braidwood District, Post Office and People. Braidwood, N.S.W. pp. 160, 206.
  64. ^ "GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES ACT, 1966". Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales (Sydney, NSW : 1901 - 2001). 21 March 1969. p. 1126. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  65. ^ "Borough Street, Larbert, 35°17'39.9"S 149°46'08.5"E". Google Maps. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  66. ^ a b "Arnprior | NSW Environment, Energy and Science". www.environment.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  67. ^ "Satellite view - Larbert & Arnprior". Google Maps. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  68. ^ "Australian Cemeteries Index - Cemetery 1690 - Larbert". austcemindex.com. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  69. ^ "Larbert Rd". Google Maps. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  70. ^ "Locations". www.schmidtquarries.com.au. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  71. ^ "Larbert - Satellite view". Google maps. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  72. ^ "Arnprior". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01357. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence.
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