Intendancy of Lima
| Intendencia de Lima | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intendancy of the Spanish Empire | |||||||||||
| 1784–1821 | |||||||||||
 Coat of arms
| |||||||||||
.svg) The intendancy within Peru in 1810 | |||||||||||
| Capital | Lima | ||||||||||
| Government | |||||||||||
| Intendant | |||||||||||
• 1784–1787 | Jorge Escobedo y Alarcón | ||||||||||
• 1805–1809; 1812–1820 | Juan María Gálvez | ||||||||||
• 1820–1821 | Bartolomé María de Salamanca | ||||||||||
| Historical era | Viceroyalty of Peru | ||||||||||
• Established | 1784 | ||||||||||
| 12 February 1821 | |||||||||||
• Replaced | 4 October 1821 | ||||||||||
| Subdivisions | |||||||||||
| • Type | Partidos | ||||||||||
| • Units | See relevant section | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
The Intendancy of Lima (Spanish: Intendencia de Lima), also known informally as Lima Province (Spanish: Provincia de Lima), was one of the territorial divisions of the Viceroyalty of Peru. The territory was ruled from the capital city of Lima. It was created in 1784 and lasted until 12 February 1821 when General Jose de San Martin created the Department of the Coast through the Reglamento Provisional to replace it in the new Republic of Peru.[1]
History[edit]
On December 22, 1574, when viceroy Francisco de Toledo reorganised the Indian Corregimientos, which had been created by governor Lope García de Castro in 1565 by appointing native judges, he ordered that the corregimientos of Huarochirí, Huaylas, Ica, Jauja, Arnedo, Cajatambo and Canta depended on the ordinary mayors of the Cabildo of Lima. All of them in the district of the Real Audiencia of Lima. In 1576, Cañete was created, separating it from Ica and the city of Lima. In 1591 the Cercado de Lima was separated from Lima and Cañete. In the 17th century, the port of Callao began to have a military governor appointed by the king.[2]
The intendancy system was established in the Viceroyalty of Peru by royal order of August 5, 1783. The first intendant of Lima (who took office in 1784) was the visitor general Jorge Escobedo y Alarcón,[3] approved by the king on January 24 of 1785. In 1787, the mayor's office was left in the hands of the viceroy until 1805 when Juan María Gálvez, then intendant of Huancavelica, took office, being named on September 22, 1804.[4] In 1809, the intendancy was suppressed,[5] although by 1811 it had been reestablished with Galvez back in office.[6]
The parts of the intendancy occupied by the Liberating Expedition of Peru were replaced by the Department of the Coast on 12 February 1821, proclaimed by General Jose de San Martin through the Reglamento Provisional during the Peruvian War of Independence,[1] and later in its entirety with the creation of the Department of Lima by the Provisional Statute, promulgated on October 8, 1821.[7]
Subdivisions[edit]
The intendancy was divided into nine partidos.[8]
| Partido | Head (city of government) |
|---|---|
| Lima | Ciudad de los Reyes |
| Ica | Villa de Valverde |
| Cañete | San Vicente de Cañete |
| Amedo | Villa de Arnedo |
| Santa | Santa María de la Parrilla |
| Canta | Canta |
| Yauyos | Yauyos |
| Huarochirí | Huarochirí |
| Callao | Callao |
Intendants[edit]
The Governors (intendants) who ruled the intendancy of Lima were:[6]
- Jorge Escobedo y Alarcón (1784–1787)
- Colonel Juan María Galvez (1805–1809; 1811–1820)
- Bartolomé María de Salamanca (1820–1821)
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b "202 AÑOS de la promulgación del REGLAMENTO PROVISIONAL expedida por GRAL. DON JOSE DE SAN MARTIN en la ciudad de HUAURA". Gob.pe. 2023-02-10.
- ^ Guillermo Lohmann Villena (2001). El Corregidor de Indios en el Perú bajo los Austrias. Pontifical Catholic University of Peru - Fondo Editorial. ISBN 9972-42-435-9.
- ^ Peralta Ruiz, Víctor. "Jorge de Escobedo y Alarcón". Real Academia de la Historia.
- ^ de Mendiburu, Manuel (1876). Diccionario histórico-biográfico del Perú (in Spanish). Vol. 1. p. 421.
Las intendencias que se erigieron en el Perú fueron 7, y despues se agregó la octava con el territorio de Puno. Había 54 partidos ó subdelegaciones con 1,360 pueblos. En Lima se vino á crear la intendencia en 1803 nombrándose en 22 de Setiembre de 1804 de primer intendente al coronel D. Juan María Galvez que lo era de Huancavelica. La de Lima tenia atribuciones limitadas por hallarse presente la autoridad del Virrey.
- ^ Monterola, J. M. (1848). La Floresta Española Peruana (in Spanish). Imprenta del Comercio. p. 52.
Por Suprema resolucion de la Junta, se suprimió la Intendencia de Lima, que la servia D. Juan María Galvez, [...]
- ^ a b de Mendiburu, Manuel (1890). Diccionario histórico-biográfico del Perú (in Spanish). Vol. 8. J. F. Solis. p. 414.
- ^ García Belaúnde, Domingo. "Los inicios del constitucionalismo peruano (1821-1842)". Pensamiento Constitucional. 4 (4): 235.
- ^ Kuong Cabello, Luis E. (1982). Retazos de la Historia de Moquegua (in Spanish). Universidad de Moquegua. p. 67.