Human maximisation test
The Human maximisation test (HMT) is a test method for testing for contact allergens. It was first developed by Albert Kligman in 1966[1] and updated by Kligman and William Epstein in 1975.[2] The first paper appeared 1966[3] and was a citation classic in 1985.[4]
The test uses human medical volunteers (usually 25) and sodium laureth sulphate to maximise. Because of the potentially large human reaction, it is generally not considered ethical to use today.[5] It does not have a guideline under the OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. It has been compared with the murine local lymph node assay[6][7]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ The Identification of Contact Allergens by Human Assay III. The Maximization Test: A Procedure for Screening and Rating Contact Sensitizers http://www.nature.com/jid/journal/v47/n5/abs/jid1966160a.html
- ^ Kligman, A. M.; Epstein, W. (1975). "Updating the maximization test for identifying contact allergens". Contact Dermatitis. 1 (4): 231–239. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05389.x. PMID 1235254. S2CID 35702783.
- ^ Kligman, A. M. (1966). "The identification of contact allergens by human assay. III. The maximization test: a procedure for screening and rating contact sensitizers". J. Invest. Dermatol. 47 (5): 393–409. doi:10.1038/jid.1966.160. PMID 5924294.
- ^ http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1985/A1985AUG6800001.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "Opinion concerning the predictive testing of potentially cutaneous sensiting cosmetic ingredients or mixtures of ingredients adopted by the SCCNFP during the 11th plenary session of 17 February 2000 | Scientific Committees".
- ^ DA Basketter, EW Scholes, I Kimber (1994). The performance of the local lymph node assay with chemicals identified as contact allergens in the human maximization test. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 1994 - Elsevier
- ^ Zaghi, D; Maibach, HI (2009). "The local lymph node assay compared with the human maximization test as an indicator of allergic potency in humans using patch test clinic populations". Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 28 (2): 61–4. doi:10.1080/15569520902793627. PMID 19514928. S2CID 35683477.