HCK

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see HCK (disambiguation).
HCK
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesHCK, JTK9, p59Hck, p61Hck, HCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase
External IDsOMIM: 142370 MGI: 96052 HomoloGene: 20489 GeneCards: HCK
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

3055

15162

Ensembl

ENSG00000101336

ENSMUSG00000003283

UniProt

P08631

P08103

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001172117
NM_010407

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001165588
NP_034537

Location (UCSC)Chr 20: 32.05 – 32.1 MbChr 2: 152.95 – 152.99 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Tyrosine-protein kinase HCK is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HCK gene.[5]

Structure[edit]

HCK comprises five distinct domains which include two terminal domains and three SH domains. The N-terminal domain is important for lipid modifications and a C-terminal domain includes a regulatory tyrosine residue. Next, HCK comprises three highly conserved SH domains: SH1, SH2, and SH3. The catalytic SH1 domain houses the kinase's active site. The regulatory SH3 and SH2 domains are tightly bound together when HCK is in an inactive state.[6][7][8]

Signaling[edit]

HCK is localized in the cytoplasm where it executes its functions as a kinase.  In a steady state, HCK remains in an inactive conformation. Upon interaction with stimuli, such as TLR4 or IL-2[9][10], C-terminal tyrosine residues of HCK are dephosphorylated by phosphatases, e.g. CD45, and the inactive conformation of HCK is disrupted resulting in HCK activation[11]. Activated HCK can then phosphorylate downstream molecules such as Bcr/Abl, PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK or STAT5 which then participate in myeloid cell polarization, proliferation and migration.[12][13][14] A case study of a patient with a loss of C-terminal tyrosine residue in HCK showed that the patient suffered from severe pneumonia and vasculitis. This was due to increased HCK activity which led to increased myeloid cell migration and effector functions, such as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1b, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-a, and the production of reactive oxygen species. These abnormal functions manifested as the infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes into the lungs and skin, resulting in pneumonia and vasculitis.[15]

Function[edit]

HCK plays a key role during inflammation as it participates in actin-dependent processes like phagocytosis, membrane remodeling, and cell migration. It has also been shown that HCK participates in NLRP3 inflammasome formation and LPS-induced inflammatory response in mice. However, the mechanism of action is yet to be elucidated.[16] HCK not only participates in inflammation-associated processes but also in cancerous processes. It has been shown, that HCK is part of a CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis that is partially responsible for the migration of leukemic cells in the bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. This finding proposes HCK to be a novel target for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.[14] HCK and the Src family kinases have also been implicated in driving cell survival in drug-tolerant cancer cells. [17]

Interactions[edit]

HCK has been shown to interact with:

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000101336 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000003283 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Quintrell N, Lebo R, Varmus H, Bishop JM, Pettenati MJ, Le Beau MM, Diaz MO, Rowley JD (August 1987). "Identification of a human gene (HCK) that encodes a protein-tyrosine kinase and is expressed in hemopoietic cells". Mol Cell Biol. 7 (6): 2267–75. doi:10.1128/mcb.7.6.2267. PMC 365351. PMID 3496523.
  6. ^ Luo S, Du S, Tao M, Cao J, Cheng P (April 2023). "Insights on hematopoietic cell kinase: An oncogenic player in human cancer". Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 160: 114339. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114339. PMID 36736283.
  7. ^ Sicheri F, Moarefi I, Kuriyan J (February 1997). "Crystal structure of the Src family tyrosine kinase Hck". Nature. 385 (6617): 602–609. Bibcode:1997Natur.385..602S. doi:10.1038/385602a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 9024658.
  8. ^ Young MA, Gonfloni S, Superti-Furga G, Roux B, Kuriyan J (April 2001). "Dynamic Coupling between the SH2 and SH3 Domains of c-Src and Hck Underlies Their Inactivation by C-Terminal Tyrosine Phosphorylation". Cell. 105 (1): 115–126. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00301-4. PMID 11301007.
  9. ^ Bosco MC, Curiel RE, Zea AH, Malabarba MG, Ortaldo JR, Espinoza-Delgado I (2000-05-01). "IL-2 Signaling in Human Monocytes Involves the Phosphorylation and Activation of p59 hck 1". The Journal of Immunology. 164 (9): 4575–4585. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.9.4575. ISSN 0022-1767. PMID 10779760.
  10. ^ Smolinska MJ, Page TH, Urbaniak AM, Mutch BE, Horwood NJ (2011-12-01). "Hck Tyrosine Kinase Regulates TLR4-Induced TNF and IL-6 Production via AP-1". The Journal of Immunology. 187 (11): 6043–6051. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1100967. ISSN 0022-1767. PMID 22021612.
  11. ^ Courtney AH, Amacher JF, Kadlecek TA, Mollenauer MN, Au-Yeung BB, Kuriyan J, Weiss A (August 2017). "A Phosphosite within the SH2 Domain of Lck Regulates Its Activation by CD45". Molecular Cell. 67 (3): 498–511.e6. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2017.06.024. PMC 5558854. PMID 28735895.
  12. ^ Klejman A (2002-11-01). "The Src family kinase Hck couples BCR/ABL to STAT5 activation in myeloid leukemia cells". The EMBO Journal. 21 (21): 5766–5774. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf562. PMC 131059. PMID 12411494.
  13. ^ Stanglmaier M, Warmuth M, Kleinlein I, Reis S, Hallek M (2003-02-01). "The interaction of the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase with the Src kinase Hck is mediated by multiple binding domains". Leukemia. 17 (2): 283–289. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2402778. ISSN 0887-6924. PMID 12592324.
  14. ^ a b Roversi FM, Bueno ML, Pericole FV, Saad ST (2021-03-25). "Hematopoietic Cell Kinase (HCK) Is a Player of the Crosstalk Between Hematopoietic Cells and Bone Marrow Niche Through CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis". Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 9. doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.634044. ISSN 2296-634X. PMC 8027121. PMID 33842460.
  15. ^ Kanderova V, Svobodova T, Borna S, Fejtkova M, Martinu V, Paderova J, Svaton M, Kralova J, Fronkova E, Klocperk A, Pruhova S, Lee-Kirsch MA, Hornofova L, Koblizek M, Novak P (April 2022). "Early-onset pulmonary and cutaneous vasculitis driven by constitutively active SRC-family kinase HCK". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 149 (4): 1464–1472.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.07.046. PMID 34536415.
  16. ^ Kong X, Liao Y, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Yuan Z, Wang S (2020-09-15). "Hematopoietic Cell Kinase (HCK) Is Essential for NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response In Vivo". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 11. doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.581011. ISSN 1663-9812. PMC 7523510. PMID 33041826.
  17. ^ Saha T, Mondal J, Khiste S, Lusic H, Hu ZW, Jayabalan R, Hodgetts KJ, Jang H, Sengupta S, Lee SE, Park Y, Lee LP, Goldman A (2021-06-24). "Nanotherapeutic approaches to overcome distinct drug resistance barriers in models of breast cancer". Nanophotonics. 10 (12): 3063–3073. Bibcode:2021Nanop..10..142S. doi:10.1515/nanoph-2021-0142. PMC 8478290. PMID 34589378.
  18. ^ Poghosyan Z, Robbins SM, Houslay MD, Webster A, Murphy G, Edwards DR (Feb 2002). "Phosphorylation-dependent interactions between ADAM15 cytoplasmic domain and Src family protein-tyrosine kinases". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (7): 4999–5007. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107430200. PMID 11741929.
  19. ^ Stanglmaier M, Warmuth M, Kleinlein I, Reis S, Hallek M (Feb 2003). "The interaction of the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase with the Src kinase Hck is mediated by multiple binding domains". Leukemia. 17 (2): 283–9. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2402778. PMID 12592324. S2CID 8695384.
  20. ^ Lionberger JM, Wilson MB, Smithgall TE (Jun 2000). "Transformation of myeloid leukemia cells to cytokine independence by Bcr-Abl is suppressed by kinase-defective Hck". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (24): 18581–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.C000126200. PMID 10849448.
  21. ^ Howlett CJ, Robbins SM (Mar 2002). "Membrane-anchored Cbl suppresses Hck protein-tyrosine kinase mediated cellular transformation". Oncogene. 21 (11): 1707–16. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205228. PMID 11896602. S2CID 34296309.
  22. ^ Howlett CJ, Bisson SA, Resek ME, Tigley AW, Robbins SM (Apr 1999). "The proto-oncogene p120(Cbl) is a downstream substrate of the Hck protein-tyrosine kinase". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 257 (1): 129–38. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.0427. PMID 10092522.
  23. ^ Scott MP, Zappacosta F, Kim EY, Annan RS, Miller WT (Aug 2002). "Identification of novel SH3 domain ligands for the Src family kinase Hck. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP), WASP-interacting protein (WIP), and ELMO1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (31): 28238–46. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202783200. PMID 12029088.
  24. ^ Ward AC, Monkhouse JL, Csar XF, Touw IP, Bello PA (Oct 1998). "The Src-like tyrosine kinase Hck is activated by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and docks to the activated G-CSF receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 251 (1): 117–23. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9441. PMID 9790917.
  25. ^ Shivakrupa R, Radha V, Sudhakar C, Swarup G (Dec 2003). "Physical and functional interaction between Hck tyrosine kinase and guanine nucleotide exchange factor C3G results in apoptosis, which is independent of C3G catalytic domain". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (52): 52188–94. doi:10.1074/jbc.M310656200. PMID 14551197.
  26. ^ a b Briggs SD, Bryant SS, Jove R, Sanderson SD, Smithgall TE (Jun 1995). "The Ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) is an SH3 domain-binding protein and substrate for the Src-related tyrosine kinase, Hck". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (24): 14718–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.24.14718. PMID 7782336.

Further reading[edit]

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