Electricity in Ukraine

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Electricity sector of Ukraine
Data
Installed capacity (2020)54.5 [1]
Institutions
Responsibility for transmissionUkrenergo
Zaporizhzhia nuclear station, the largest nuclear power plant in Europe
Electricity generation by source

The electricity sector in Ukraine is an important compenent of energy in Ukraine. Electricity production fell from 296 TWh in 1991 to 171 TWh in 1999, then increased slowly to 195 TWh in 2007, before falling again.[2]

In 2011, Ukraine joined the European Energy Community, however there has been slow progress on implementing European energy regulations.[3]

On 1 July 2019, a new wholesale energy market was launched, intended to bring real competition in the generation market and help future integration with Europe. The change was a prerequisite for receiving European Union assistance. It led to in increased price for industrial consumers of between 14% and 28% during July. The bulk of Energoatom output is sold to the government's "guaranteed buyer" to keep prices more stable for domestic customers.[3][4]

Most electricity generation is nuclear.[5] The largest nuclear power plant in Europe, the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, is located in Ukraine. Until the 2010s all of Ukraine's nuclear fuel came from Russia, but now most does not.[6] Some electricity infrastructure was destroyed in the Russo-Ukrainian War,[7][8] but wind farms and solar power are thought to be resilient because they are distributed.[9] As of 2024 about 1,700 MW can be imported from other European countries and it is hoped to increase this to cover peak demand.[5]

History[edit]

In 2014, consumption was 134 TWh after transmission losses of 20 TWh, with peak demand at about 28 GWe. 8 TWh was exported to Europe. In 2015 electricity production fell to about 146 TWh largely due to a fall in anthracite coal supplies caused by the War in Donbass.[10][11]

Grid synchronisation with Europe[edit]

See also: Ukrenergo

Since 2017 Ukraine sought to divest itself of dependency on the Unified Power System of Russia (UPS) and instead connect westwards to the synchronous grid of Continental Europe, thereby participating in European electricity markets.[12][13] Power lines coupling the country to the grids of neighbouring Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Hungary existed, but were de-energised.

A necessary prerequisite of Ukrainian integration was for the country to successfully demonstrate it was capable of running in a islanded manner, maintaining satisfactory control of its own frequency. To do that would require disconnection from the UPS grid, and a date of 24 February 2022 was set. This proved to be the date Russia invaded Ukraine, but the disconnection nonetheless proceeded to schedule. Ukraine placed an urgent request to synchronise with the European grid to ENTSO-E, the European collective of transmission system operators of which it was a member, and on 16 March 2022 the western circuits were energised, bringing both Ukraine and Moldova, which is coupled to the Ukrainian grid, into the European synchronised grid.[14][15][16] On 16 March 2022 a trial synchronisation started of the Ukraine and Moldova grid with the European grid.[14]

Generation[edit]

See also: Renewable energy in Ukraine

Nuclear[edit]

This section is an excerpt from Nuclear power in Ukraine.[edit]
Rivne Nuclear Power Plant

Ukraine operates four nuclear power plants with 15 reactors located in Volhynia and South Ukraine.[17] The total installed nuclear power capacity is over 13 GWe, ranking 7th in the world in 2020.[18] Energoatom, a Ukrainian state enterprise, operates all four active nuclear power stations in Ukraine.[19] In 2019, nuclear power supplied over 20% of Ukraine's energy.[20]

In 2021, Ukraine's nuclear reactors produced 81 TWh — over 55% of its total electricity generation,[21] and the second-highest share in the world, behind only France. The Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, the largest nuclear power plant in Europe, is in Ukraine.

The 1986 Chernobyl disaster in northern Ukraine was the world's most severe nuclear accident to date.

Lack of coal for Ukraine's coal-fired power stations due to the war in Donbas and a shut down of one of the six reactors of the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant led to rolling blackouts throughout the country in December 2014. Due to the Russo-Ukrainian War, the nuclear power plant has been damaged.

Hydro[edit]

This section is an excerpt from Hydroelectricity in Ukraine.[edit]
Hydro is an important source of electricity in Ukraine. State operating company is Ukrhydroenergo and Energoatom. Design of main power plants is carried out by Ukrhydroproject [uk].

External links[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "How Ukraine is keeping the lights on under Russian fire".
  2. ^ "Nuclear Power in Ukraine". World Nuclear Association. February 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
  3. ^ a b Prokip, Andrian (6 May 2019). "Liberalizing Ukraine's Electricity Market: Benefits and Risks". Wilson Center. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  4. ^ Kossov, Igor (2 August 2019). "New energy market brings controversy". Kyiv Post. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
  5. ^ a b "How Ukraine is keeping the lights on under Russian fire".
  6. ^ "Westinghouse and Ukraine's Energoatom Extend Long-term Nuclear Fuel Contract". 11 April 2014. Westinghouse. Archived from the original on 11 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  7. ^ Lock, Samantha (2022-02-27). "Russia-Ukraine latest news: missile strikes on oil facilities reported as some Russian banks cut off from Swift system – live". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  8. ^ Taylor, Kira (2022-02-26). "Ukraine's energy system coping but risks major damage as war continues". www.euractiv.com. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  9. ^ "Russia changes tack on targeting Ukraine's energy plants". www.ft.com. Retrieved 2024-04-12.
  10. ^ "Poroshenko: Ukraine increasing nuclear share to 60%". World Nuclear News. 17 February 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
  11. ^ "Poroshenko: Share of nuclear power grows to 60% amid blockade of trade with Donbas". UNIAN. 16 February 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
  12. ^ "Connecting Ukraine to Europe's Electricity Grid". Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik. 24 November 2021. doi:10.18449/2021C57. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  13. ^ Abnett, Kate; Strzelecki, Marek (1 April 2022). "Explainer: Europe and Ukraine's plan to link power grids". Reuters. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  14. ^ a b "Continental Europe successful synchronisation with Ukraine and Moldova power systems". ENTSO-E. 16 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  15. ^ Böttcher, Philipp C.; Gorjão, Leonardo Rydin; Beck, Christian; Jumar, Richard; Maass, Heiko; Hagenmeyer, Veit; Witthaut, Dirk; Schäfer, Benjamin (15 April 2022). "Initial analysis of the impact of the Ukrainian power grid synchronization with Continental Europe". arXiv:2204.07508.
  16. ^ "Ukraine joins European power grid, ending its dependence on Russia". CBS News. No. 16 March 2022. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  17. ^ Nuclear fuel imports from Sweden account for 41.6% in H1, balance from Russia, UNIAN (22 August 2016)
  18. ^ "PRIS – Miscellaneous reports – Nuclear Share". pris.iaea.org. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  19. ^ Energoatom chief Kim overstepped his powers when signing contract, failed to show up for questioning, says interior minister, Interfax-Ukraine (12 June 2013)
  20. ^ "Primary energy consumption by source". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
  21. ^ "Nuclear Share of Electricity Generation in 2021". IAEA. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
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