East Flanders (Chamber of Representatives constituency)

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East Flanders
Oost-Vlaanderen
Flandre-Orientale
Ostflandern
Constituency
for the Chamber of Representatives
Outline map
Location of East Flanders within Belgium
ProvinceEast Flanders
RegionFlanders
Population1,561,316 (2023)[1]
Electorate1,155,734 (2019)
Area3,007 km2 (2023)[2]
Current Constituency
Created2003
Seats20 (2003–present)
Members[3]
List
Created from

East Flanders (Dutch: Oost-Vlaanderen; French: Flandre-Orientale; German: Ostflandern) is one of the 11 multi-member constituencies of the Chamber of Representatives, the lower house of the Belgian Federal Parliament, the national legislature of Belgium. The constituency was established in 2003 following the re-organisation of constituencies across Belgium along provincial lines. It is conterminous with the province of East Flanders. The constituency currently elects 20 of the 150 members of the Chamber of Representatives using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 federal election the constituency had 1,155,734 registered electors.

Electoral system[edit]

East Flanders currently elects 20 of the 150 members of the Chamber of Representatives using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system.[4][5] Seats are allocated using the D'Hondt method.[6][7] Only parties that reach the 5% threshold in the constituency compete for seats.[8][9]

Election results[edit]

Summary[edit]

Election Workers
PVDA
Groen
Groen / Agalev
Vooruit
Vooruit / SP.A /
SP.A-Spirit
Liberals & Democrats
Open Vld / VLD
Christian Democrats
CD&V
New Flemish
N-VA / CD&V-N-VA
Vlaams Belang
VB / VB
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
2019 55,209 5.53% 1 103,061 10.32% 2 101,447 10.16% 2 178,349 17.85% 4 127,024 12.72% 2 218,023 21.83% 5 200,173 20.04% 4
2014 26,381 2.67% 0 90,473 9.15% 2 131,903 13.34% 3 179,167 18.12% 4 177,349 17.94% 4 306,650 31.01% 6 61,620 6.23% 1
2010 11,950 1.25% 0 70,297 7.36% 1 135,212 14.15% 3 166,278 17.40% 4 147,151 15.40% 3 269,049 28.15% 6 117,817 12.33% 3
2007 9,644 0.99% 0 70,438 7.22% 1 154,536 15.83% 3 234,906 24.07% 5 260,584 26.70% 6 181,331 18.58% 4
2003 4,085 0.42% 0 43,737 4.52% 0 213,413 22.07% 5 296,999 30.71% 7 184,713 19.10% 4 41,255 4.27% 0 162,166 16.77% 4

(Figures in italics represent alliances.)

Detailed[edit]

2019[edit]

Results of the 2019 federal election held on 26 May 2019:[10][11][12]

Party Votes per arrondissement Total
Votes
% Seats
Aalst Dender
-monde
Eeklo Ghent Ouden
-aarde
Sint-
Niklaas
Expat
-riates
New Flemish Alliance N-VA 43,495 31,932 10,603 73,252 15,010 43,461 270 218,023 21.83% 5
Vlaams Belang VB 51,297 31,286 12,023 53,336 14,688 37,446 97 200,173 20.04% 4
Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats Open Vld 32,806 22,666 9,981 72,649 19,948 19,944 355 178,349 17.85% 4
Christian Democratic and Flemish CD&V 20,793 19,375 8,656 45,724 12,244 20,123 109 127,024 12.72% 2
Groen Groen 13,168 10,024 3,816 53,186 6,912 15,588 367 103,061 10.32% 2
Socialist Party Different SP.A 21,285 12,327 6,440 38,006 9,102 14,190 97 101,447 10.16% 2
Workers' Party of Belgium PVDA 7,106 5,524 4,006 25,808 3,393 9,299 73 55,209 5.53% 1
DierAnimal 2,119 1,646 628 4,564 876 1,944 24 11,801 1.18% 0
Belgische Unie – Union Belge 263 221 126 1,054 179 251 4 2,098 0.21% 0
Of Co-operation 704 200 77 475 85 188 3 1,732 0.17% 0
Valid Votes 193,036 135,201 56,356 368,054 82,437 162,434 1,399 998,917 100.00% 20
Rejected Votes 9,886 6,349 3,749 17,200 5,434 7,461 70 50,149 4.78%
Total Polled 202,922 141,550 60,105 385,254 87,871 169,895 1,469 1,049,066 90.77%
Registered Electors 223,256 155,284 65,914 426,081 95,831 187,450 1,918 1,155,734
Turnout 90.89% 91.16% 91.19% 90.42% 91.69% 90.63% 76.59% 90.77%

The following candidates were elected:[12] Peter Buysrogge (N-VA), 11,724 votes; Steven Creyelman (VB), 10,617 votes; Mathias De Clercq (Open Vld), 17,856 votes; Pieter De Crem (CD&V), 36,118 votes; Alexander De Croo (Open Vld), 80,283 votes; Kathleen Depoorter (N-VA), 14,794 votes; Ortwin Depoortere (VB), 11,219 votes; Pieter De Spiegeleer (VB), 10,244 votes; Steven De Vuyst (PVDA), 9,203 votes; Christoph D'Haese (N-VA), 31,370 votes; Leen Dierick (CD&V), 18,553 votes; Katja Gabriëls (Open Vld), 12,990 votes; Egbert Lachaert (Open Vld), 14,637 votes; Barbara Pas (VB), 41,911 votes; Tomas Roggeman (N-VA), 9,616 votes; Anneleen Van Bossuyt (N-VA), 37,510 votes; Joris Vandenbroucke (SP.A), 19,493 votes; Stefaan Van Hecke (Groen), 14,593 votes; Anja Vanrobaeys (SP.A), 8,527 votes; and Evita Willaert (Groen), 11,784 votes.

Substitutions:[13]

2014[edit]

Results of the 2014 federal election held on 25 May 2014:[14][15][16]

Party Votes per arrondissement Total
Votes
% Seats
Aalst Dender
-monde
Eeklo Ghent Ouden
-aarde
Sint-
Niklaas
Expat
-riates
New Flemish Alliance N-VA 66,063 46,591 16,334 96,562 22,321 58,533 246 306,650 31.01% 6
Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats Open Vld 36,465 24,937 9,928 68,013 20,067 19,463 294 179,167 18.12% 4
Christian Democratic and Flemish CD&V 28,782 26,022 11,366 62,642 17,175 31,198 164 177,349 17.94% 4
Socialist Party Different SP.A 26,111 15,397 7,067 53,315 10,917 18,978 118 131,903 13.34% 3
Groen Groen 11,580 9,066 4,323 44,719 6,164 14,409 212 90,473 9.15% 2
Vlaams Belang VB 15,184 9,087 3,433 17,734 3,508 12,613 61 61,620 6.23% 1
Workers' Party of Belgium PVDA 3,232 2,376 2,901 12,147 1,380 4,319 26 26,381 2.67% 0
Pirate Party 1,257 958 450 3,526 476 1,446 11 8,124 0.82% 0
ROSSEM 459 349 189 944 189 424 3 2,557 0.26% 0
Social Democrats and Progressives SD&P 1,650 171 40 288 47 99 3 2,298 0.23% 0
Belgische Unie – Union Belge BUB 267 175 72 515 150 172 15 1,366 0.14% 0
Party for the Disabled and Welfare PVGW 324 116 50 250 56 135 1 932 0.09% 0
Valid Votes 191,374 135,245 56,153 360,655 82,450 161,789 1,154 988,820 100.00% 20
Rejected Votes 10,096 6,848 3,608 16,561 5,238 7,381 51 49,783 4.79%
Total Polled 201,470 142,093 59,761 377,216 87,688 169,170 1,205 1,038,603 91.76%
Registered Electors 219,954 153,864 64,917 412,867 94,574 184,162 1,536 1,131,874
Turnout 91.60% 92.35% 92.06% 91.37% 92.72% 91.86% 78.45% 91.76%

The following candidates were elected:[16] Siegfried Bracke (N-VA), 64,481 votes; Peter Buysrogge (N-VA), 11,877 votes; Pieter De Crem (CD&V), 47,036 votes; Alexander De Croo (Open Vld), 78,073 votes; Peter Dedecker (N-VA), 24,384 votes; Christoph D'Haese (N-VA), 22,677 votes; Leen Dierick (CD&V), 24,185 votes; Egbert Lachaert (Open Vld), 16,182 votes; Barbara Pas (VB), 12,422 votes; Fatma Pehlivan (SP.A), 14,336 votes; Sarah Smeyers (N-VA), 31,700 votes; Ine Somers (Open Vld), 10,553 votes; Karin Temmerman (SP.A), 30,291 votes; Goedele Uyttersprot (N-VA), 18,266 votes; Carina Van Cauter (Open Vld), 24,945 votes; Dirk Van der Maelen (SP.A), 18,814 votes; Stefaan Van Hecke (Groen), 12,999 votes; Stefaan Vercamer (CD&V), 20,907 votes; Evita Willaert (Groen), 9,628 votes; and Veli Yüksel (CD&V), 16,635 votes.

Substitutions:[17]

2010[edit]

Results of the 2010 federal election held on 13 June 2010:[18][19][20]

Party Votes per arrondissement Total
Votes
% Seats
Aalst Dender
-monde
Eeklo Ghent Ouden
-aarde
Sint-
Niklaas
Expat
-riates
New Flemish Alliance N-VA 53,355 41,129 14,354 90,401 17,970 51,639 201 269,049 28.15% 6
Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats Open Vld 33,183 21,739 8,648 64,012 20,257 18,256 183 166,278 17.40% 4
Christian Democratic and Flemish CD&V 24,474 21,690 11,327 50,385 13,763 25,418 94 147,151 15.40% 3
Socialist Party Different SP.A 29,062 15,939 6,499 51,592 11,978 20,046 96 135,212 14.15% 3
Vlaams Belang VB 28,671 17,664 6,267 33,650 7,624 23,885 56 117,817 12.33% 3
Groen Groen 8,778 7,000 3,386 35,870 4,744 10,380 139 70,297 7.36% 1
List Dedecker LDD 5,546 3,809 2,325 11,842 2,294 4,632 15 30,463 3.19% 0
Workers' Party of Belgium PVDA 1,535 1,013 1,804 5,247 671 1,668 12 11,950 1.25% 0
Respect 1,042 2,025 214 1,420 314 613 2 5,630 0.59% 0
Left Socialist Party LSP 349 223 117 785 147 284 2 1,907 0.20% 0
Valid Votes 185,995 132,231 54,941 345,204 79,762 156,821 800 955,754 100.00% 20
Rejected Votes 11,167 6,774 3,877 18,047 5,606 7,831 35 53,337 5.29%
Total Polled 197,162 139,005 58,818 363,251 85,368 164,652 835 1,009,091 91.31%
Registered Electors 216,506 151,395 64,188 399,067 92,856 180,228 883 1,105,123
Turnout 91.07% 91.82% 91.63% 91.03% 91.94% 91.36% 94.56% 91.31%

The following candidates were elected:[20] Siegfried Bracke (N-VA), 10,940 votes; Mathias De Clercq (Open Vld), 60,291 votes; Pieter De Crem (CD&V), 39,666 votes; Herman De Croo (Open Vld), 36,988 votes; Peter Dedecker (N-VA), 9,108 votes; Ingeborg De Meulemeester (N-VA), 11,199 votes; Guy D'haeseleer (VB), 25,441 votes; Leen Dierick (CD&V), 22,499 votes; Barbara Pas (VB), 9,794 votes; Sarah Smeyers (N-VA), 21,182 votes; Ine Somers (Open Vld), 10,152 votes; Karin Temmerman (SP.A), 16,946 votes; Bruno Tuybens (SP.A), 12,611 votes; Karel Uyttersprot (N-VA), 13,279 votes; Carina Van Cauter (Open Vld), 17,769 votes; Dirk Van der Maelen (SP.A), 34,331 votes; Miranda Van Eetvelde (N-VA), 8,848 votes; Stefaan Van Hecke (Groen), 10,283 votes; Stefaan Vercamer (CD&V), 18,671 votes; and Tanguy Veys (VB), 5,381 votes.

Substitutions:[21]

2007[edit]

Results of the 2007 federal election held on 10 June 2007:[22][23]

Party Votes per arrondissement Total
Votes
% Seats
Aalst Dender
-monde
Eeklo Ghent Ouden
-aarde
Sint-
Niklaas
Expat
-riates
Christian Democratic and Flemish
and New Flemish Alliance
CD&V-N-VA 44,953 38,371 18,111 90,220 22,107 46,652 170 260,584 26.70% 6
Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats Open Vld 47,379 32,753 12,084 90,022 24,158 28,248 262 234,906 24.07% 5
Vlaams Belang VB 42,477 26,368 8,639 53,950 11,970 37,794 133 181,331 18.58% 4
Socialist Party Different and Spirit SP.A-Spirit 32,747 18,862 7,712 57,590 13,333 24,180 112 154,536 15.83% 3
Groen Groen 9,463 7,319 3,585 34,917 4,631 10,388 135 70,438 7.22% 1
List Dedecker LDD 11,602 9,476 4,140 21,566 4,604 9,499 22 60,909 6.24% 1
Workers' Party of Belgium PVDA 1,219 923 1,730 3,920 480 1,356 16 9,644 0.99% 0
Committee for Another Policy CAP 609 415 180 1,643 251 648 3 3,749 0.38% 0
Valid Votes 190,449 134,487 56,181 353,828 81,534 158,765 853 976,097 100.00% 20
Rejected Votes 8,860 5,532 3,228 14,523 4,559 6,569 27 43,298 4.25%
Total Polled 199,309 140,019 59,409 368,351 86,093 165,334 880 1,019,395 93.12%
Registered Electors 213,517 149,717 63,546 397,963 91,453 177,467 1,077 1,094,740
Turnout 93.35% 93.52% 93.49% 92.56% 94.14% 93.16% 81.71% 93.12%

The following candidates were elected:[23] Pieter De Crem (CD&V-N-VA), 94,705 votes; Herman De Croo (Open Vld), 48,930 votes; Karel De Gucht (Open Vld), 95,628 votes; Martine De Maght (LDD), 7,832 votes; Guido De Padt (Open Vld), 19,598 votes; Guy D'haeseleer (VB), 32,983 votes; Leen Dierick (CD&V-N-VA), 22,034 votes; Peter Leyman (CD&V-N-VA), 31,557 votes; Sarah Smeyers (CD&V-N-VA), 21,182 votes; Bruno Stevenheydens (VB), 12,440 votes; Bruno Tuybens (SP.A-Spirit), 14,500 votes; Ilse Uyttersprot (CD&V-N-VA), 19,864 votes; Carina Van Cauter (Open Vld), 18,294 votes; Freya Van den Bossche (SP.A-Spirit), 58,987 votes; Francis Van den Eynde (VB), 14,238 votes; Dirk Van der Maelen (SP.A-Spirit), 19,511 votes; Stefaan Van Hecke (Groen), 7,905 votes; Gerda Van Steenberge (VB), 13,895 votes; Stefaan Vercamer (CD&V-N-VA), 21,713 votes; and Geert Versnick (Open Vld), 15,959 votes.

Substitutions:[24]

2003[edit]

Results of the 2003 federal election held on 18 May 2003:[25][26]

Party Votes per arrondissement Total
Votes
% Seats
Aalst Dender
-monde
Eeklo Ghent Ouden
-aarde
Sint-
Niklaas
Expat
-riates
Flemish Liberals and Democrats VLD 60,874 40,492 16,725 112,810 28,383 37,425 290 296,999 30.71% 7
Socialist Party Different and Spirit SP.A-Spirit 42,935 29,306 12,690 75,146 17,038 36,211 87 213,413 22.07% 5
Christian Democratic and Flemish CD&V 33,002 27,082 13,447 63,967 17,327 29,718 170 184,713 19.10% 4
Vlaams Blok VB 34,205 23,032 7,528 51,863 10,489 34,923 126 162,166 16.77% 4
Agalev Agalev 5,519 4,235 2,131 22,890 2,585 6,287 90 43,737 4.52% 0
New Flemish Alliance N-VA 8,614 6,382 1,600 15,074 2,361 7,190 34 41,255 4.27% 0
Vivant Vivant 1,745 1,132 493 3,970 775 1,713 14 9,842 1.02% 0
Liberal Appeal LA 623 1,059 193 1,405 422 2,331 10 6,043 0.62% 0
Workers' Party of Belgium PVDA 444 382 794 1,631 156 674 4 4,085 0.42% 0
Left Socialist Party LSP 669 336 159 1,050 329 377 9 2,929 0.30% 0
Belgische Unie – Union Belge BUB 315 178 101 720 169 341 4 1,828 0.19% 0
Valid Votes 188,945 133,616 55,861 350,526 80,034 157,190 838 967,010 100.00% 20
Rejected Votes 9,630 5,191 3,107 13,918 4,616 5,893 80 42,435 4.20%
Total Polled 198,575 138,807 58,968 364,444 84,650 163,083 918 1,009,445 93.43%
Registered Electors 211,136 147,564 62,718 394,421 89,879 173,635 1,038 1,080,391
Turnout 94.05% 94.07% 94.02% 92.40% 94.18% 93.92% 88.44% 93.43%

The following candidates were elected:[27] Filip Anthuenis (VLD), 17,599 votes; Pieter De Crem (CD&V), 34,941 votes; Herman De Croo (VLD), 72,936 votes; Karel De Gucht (VLD), 30,972 votes; Magda De Meyer (SP.A-Spirit), 10,570 votes; Guido De Padt (VLD), 16,261 votes; Guy D'haeseleer (VB), 10,606 votes; Greta D'Hondt (CD&V), 23,909 votes; Hilde Dierickx (VLD), 12,545 votes; Fientje Moerman (VLD), 27,492 votes; Daan Schalck (SP.A-Spirit), 11,050 votes; Paul Tant (CD&V), 32,822 votes; Freya Van den Bossche (SP.A-Spirit), 105,875 votes; Jaak Van den Broeck (VB), 6,363 votes; Francis Van den Eynde (VB), 31,370 votes; Dirk Van der Maelen (SP.A-Spirit), 17,722 votes; Paul Van Grembergen (SP.A-Spirit), 17,566 votes; Tony Van Parys (CD&V), 58,333 votes; Gerda Van Steenberge (VB), 10,127 votes; and Guy Verhofstadt (VLD), 166,771 votes.

Substitutions:[28]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Population by place of residence, nationality (Belgian/non-Belgian), marital status, age and gender". Brussels, Belgium: Statistics Belgium. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  2. ^ "Land use according to the land register". Brussels, Belgium: Statistics Belgium. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  3. ^ "DOC 55 0001/015 Lijst van de Kamerleden en van Hun Opvolgers" (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. 24 October 2023. pp. 17–18. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  4. ^ "Election for Belgian Chamber of Representatives". Election Guide. Arlington, U.S.A.: International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  5. ^ "Electoral Assistance: ElecData, Compendium of Electoral Data - Belgium". Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  6. ^ "Belgium: Chambre des Représentants (House of Representatives)". PARLINE database on national parliaments. Geneva, Switzerland: Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  7. ^ "Telling, verdeling van de zetels en aanwijzing van de verkozenen - Kamer voor Volksvertegenwoordigers". Directie van de Verkiezingen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  8. ^ "Elections 2019: The 5% electoral threshold". VRT. Brussels, Belgium. 8 May 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  9. ^ "Parliamentary information sheets: N° 09.00 The House of Representatives - Election" (PDF). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. 1 August 2019. p. 1. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  10. ^ "Resultaten: Verkiezingen van 26 mei 2019 – Tabellen met de uitslagen - Kamer - Aantal stemmen verkregen door de lijsten, verdeeld per kanton". Verkiezingen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  11. ^ "Resultaten: Verkiezingen van 26 mei 2019 – Tabellen met de uitslagen - Kamer - Aantal ingeschrevenen, neergelegde stemmen, geldige stemmen, blanco of ongeldige stemmen per kanton". Verkiezingen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  12. ^ a b "Resultaat Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers 26 mei 2019 - Kieskring Oost-Vlaanderen". Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  13. ^ "DOC 55 0001/015 Lijst van de Kamerleden en van Hun Opvolgers" (PDF) (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. 24 October 2023. pp. 17–18. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  14. ^ "Resultaten: Verkiezingen van 25 mei 2014 – Tabellen met de uitslagen - Kamer - Aantal stemmen verkregen door de lijsten, verdeeld per kanton". Verkiezingen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  15. ^ "Resultaten: Verkiezingen van 25 mei 2014 – Tabellen met de uitslagen - Kamer - Aantal ingeschrevenen, neergelegde stemmen, geldige stemmen, blanco of ongeldige stemmen per kanton". Verkiezingen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  16. ^ a b "Resultaat Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers 25 mei 2014 - Kieskring Oost-Vlaanderen". Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  17. ^ "DOC 54 0001/03 Lijst van de Kamerleden en van Hun Opvolgers" (PDF) (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. 24 August 2016. pp. 14–15. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  18. ^ "Resultaten: Verkiezingen van 13 juni 2010 – Tabellen met de uitslagen - Kamer - Aantal stemmen verkregen door de lijsten, verdeeld per kieskring en per kanton". Verkiezingen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  19. ^ "Resultaten: Verkiezingen van 13 juni 2010 – Tabellen met de uitslagen - Kamer - Aantal ingeschrevenen, neergelegde stemmen, geldige stemmen, blanco of ongeldige stemmen per kanton". Verkiezingen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  20. ^ a b "Resultaat Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers 13 juni 2010 - Kieskring Oost-Vlaanderen". Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  21. ^ "DOC 53 0001/004 Lijst van de Kamerleden en van Hun Opvolgers" (PDF) (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. 25 April 2014. pp. 12–13. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  22. ^ Parlementsverkiezingen van 10 juni 2007: Officiële uitslagen - Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers (PDF) (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. pp. 21–22. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  23. ^ a b "Resultaat Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers 10 juni 2007 - Kieskring Oost-Vlaanderen". Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  24. ^ "DOC 52 0001/008 Lijst van de Kamerleden en van Hun Opvolgers" (PDF) (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. 27 November 2009. pp. 20–21. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  25. ^ Parlementsverkiezingen van 18 mei 2003: Officiële uitslagen - Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers (PDF) (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. pp. 21–22. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  26. ^ "Resultaat Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers 18 mei 2003 - Oost-Vlaanderen". Verkiezingsuitslagen (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  27. ^ Parlementsverkiezingen van 18 mei 2003: Officiële uitslagen - Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers (PDF) (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. pp. 286–338. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  28. ^ "DOC 51 0001/005 Lijst van de Kamerleden en van Hun Opvolgers" (PDF) (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. 30 April 2006. pp. 22–23. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  29. ^ Parlementsverkiezingen van 18 mei 2003: Officiële uitslagen - Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers (PDF) (in Dutch). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. pp. 441–445. Retrieved 30 May 2024.