User:Uhlexah

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Proposal[edit]

I plan to discuss Carol Gilligan's criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg’s stages of moral development. While the page on Carol Gilligan has basic biographical information and discusses what kind of work she has done, it does not have a section on her works or the implications of her work, especially regarding ethics and feminist theory. She is very well-known for her criticism on the stages of moral development and has been an important figure in feminist theory and psychology. There are several sources I am still debating on using and will post them when the final decision has been made when I draft my article addition. Uhlexah (talk) 05:06, 12 March 2015 (UTC)

Rough Draft 1[edit]

Gilligan is known for her work with Lawrence Kohlberg on his stages of moral development as well as her criticism of it. Gilligan argued that Kohlberg's stages of moral development were male oriented. She proposed her theory of stages of female moral development based on her idea of moral voices. According to Gilligan, there are two kinds of moral voices: the masculine and the feminine. The masculine voice is "logical and individualistic" (Muuss,1988), meaning that the emphasis in moral decisions is protecting the rights of people and making sure justice is upheld. The feminine voice places more emphasis on protecting interpersonal relationships and taking care of other people. For Gilligan, Kohlberg's stages of moral development were emphasizing the masculine voice, it was difficult to accurately gauge a female's moral development because of this incongruency in voices. There are three levels with two transition periods in her stages of female moral development. Uhlexah (talk) 18:45, 2 April 2015 (UTC)

Rough Draft 2[edit]

Gilligan is known for her work with Lawrence Kohlberg on his stages of moral development as well as her criticism of the stages. Despite being Kohlberg's research assistant, Gilligan argued that Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development were male-oriented, which limited their ability to be generalized to females in particular. Gilligan thus proposed her theory of stages of female moral development based on her idea of moral voices. According to Gilligan, there are two kinds of moral voices: that of the masculine and the feminine. The masculine voice is "logical and individualistic"[1], meaning that the emphasis in moral decisions is protecting the rights of people and making sure justice is upheld. The feminine voice places more emphasis on protecting interpersonal relationships and taking care of other people. For Gilligan, Kohlberg's stages of moral development were emphasizing the masculine voice, making it difficult to accurately gauge a female's moral development because of this incongruity in voices. Gilligan argues that androgyny, or integrating the masculine and the feminine, is the best way to realize our potential as humans. Most of the criticism against Gilligan comes from Christina Hoff Sommers whose research shows that no reliable sex differences can be found[2] Uhlexah (talk) 19:25, 29 April 2015 (UTC)

Rough Draft 3[edit]

Gilligan is known for her work with Lawrence Kohlberg on his stages of moral development as well as her criticism of the stages. Despite being Kohlberg's research assistant, Gilligan argued that Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development were male-oriented, which limited their ability to be generalized to women in particular. Gilligan thus proposed her theory of stages of female moral development based on her idea of moral voices. According to Gilligan, there are two kinds of moral voices: that of the masculine and the feminine. The masculine voice is "logical and individualistic"[3], meaning that the emphasis in moral decisions is protecting the rights of people and making sure justice is upheld. The feminine voice places more emphasis on protecting interpersonal relationships and taking care of other people. For Gilligan, Kohlberg's stages of moral development were emphasizing the masculine voice, making it difficult to accurately gauge a woman's moral development because of this incongruity in voices. Gilligan argues that androgyny, or integrating the masculine and the feminine, is the best way to realize one's potential as a human. Uhlexah (talk) 03:40, 4 May 2015 (UTC)

Rough Draft 4[edit]

Gilligan is known for her work with Lawrence Kohlberg on his stages of moral development as well as her criticism of the stages. Despite being Kohlberg's research assistant, Gilligan argued that Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development were male-oriented, which limited their ability to be generalized to women in particular. Gilligan thus proposed her theory of stages of female moral development based on her idea of moral voices. According to Gilligan, there are two kinds of moral voices: that of the masculine and the feminine. The masculine voice is "logical and individualistic"[4], meaning that the emphasis in moral decisions is protecting the rights of people and making sure justice is upheld. The feminine voice places more emphasis on protecting interpersonal relationships and taking care of other people. This voice focuses on the "care perspective," [5] which means focusing on the needs of the individual in order to make an ethical decision. For Gilligan, Kohlberg's stages of moral development were emphasizing the masculine voice, making it difficult to accurately gauge a woman's moral development because of this incongruity in voices. Gilligan argues that androgyny, or integrating the masculine and the feminine, is the best way to realize one's potential as a human. Gilligan's stages of female moral development has been shown in business settings as an explanation to the different ways men and women handle ethical issues in the workplace as well.[6] Uhlexah (talk) 08:02, 4 May 2015 (UTC)

  1. ^ Muuss, R.E. (1988). "Carol Gilligan's theory of sex differences in the development of moral reasoning during adolescence". Adolescence. 23 (89): 229–43.
  2. ^ Muuss, R.E. (1988). "Carol Gilligan's theory of sex differences in the development of moral reasoning during adolescence". Adolescence. 23 (89): 229–43.
  3. ^ Muuss, R.E. (1988). "Carol Gilligan's theory of sex differences in the development of moral reasoning during adolescence". Adolescence. 23 (89): 229–43.
  4. ^ Muuss, R.E. (1988). "Carol Gilligan's theory of sex differences in the development of moral reasoning during adolescence". Adolescence. 23 (89): 229–43.
  5. ^ Kyte, Richard (1996). "Moral reasoning as perception: A reading of Carol Gilligan". Hypatia. 11 (3): 97–113.
  6. ^ White, Thomas (1992). "Business, ethics, and Carol Gilligan's "Two Voices"". Business Ethics Quarterly. 2 (1): 51–61.
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