User:Sam.roebuck/Milecastle 2
| Milecastle 2 | |
|---|---|
| Tyne and Wear, England, UK | |
  Milecastle 2 Location in Tyne and Wear | |
| Coordinates | 54°58′44″N 1°34′10″W / 54.978979°N 1.569447°W |
| Grid reference | NZ27656501 |
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| Part of a series on the |
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Milecastle 2 (Byker Hill East) was a milecastle of the Roman Hadrian's Wall. No remains are currently visible, having been built over, but its probably location is at or near the junction of the A187 Fossway and Tunstall Avenue.
Construction[edit]
Milecastle 2 was a short-axis milecastle of unknown gateway type. Short-axis milecastles were thought to have been constructed by the legio II Augusta who were based in Isca Augusta (Caerleon).[1]
Excavations and investigations[edit]
- 1732 - Horsley and also noted its location. surveyed the milecastle, recording its postion and construction, and reporting:[2]
- 1848 - Collingwood Bruce studied the wall[3] and found the site to have been covered by a brick kiln.[4]
- 1852-4 - MacLauchlan surveyed the milecastle's position, reporting it as short-axis, and recorded
| “ | faint traces of it being discernible in the ploughed ground. | ” |
- 1928 - FG Simpson attempted to locate the site, but despite the previous removal of the brick kiln, found only Roman occupation soil and debris. He recorded distances from the presumed location to the centre of Milecastle 1 as 1,453 yards (1,329 m), and to the centre of Milecastle 3 as 1,453 yards (1,329 m).[4]
Associated Turrets[edit]
Each milecastle on Hadrian's Wall had two associated turret structures. These turrets were positioned approximately one-third and two-thirds of a Roman mile to the west of the Milecastle, and would probably have been manned by part of the milecastle's garrison. The turrets associated with Milecastle 2 are known as Turret 2A and Turret 2B.
Turret 2A[edit]
No remains have been identified of Turret 2A. Two locations have been suggested, one by Eric Birley in 1961,
[5]
based on Horsley's locations of Milecastle 2 and Milecastle 3,and an alternative by Grace Simpson in 1978, based on Maclauchlin's locations of Milecastle 2 and Milecastle 3.
[6]
Location: 54°58′39″N 1°34′33″W / 54.977519°N 1.575791°W (both locations lie within the same 100m grid square).
Turret 2B[edit]
No remains have been identified of Turret 2B. Two locations have been suggested, one by Eric Birley in 1961,
[5]
based on Horsley's locations of Milecastle 2 and Milecastle 3,and an alternative by Grace Simpson in 1978, based on Maclauchlin's locations of Milecastle 2 and Milecastle 3.
[7]
Location: 54°58′36″N 1°34′50″W / 54.976636°N 1.580487°W
Alternative location: 54°58′36″N 1°34′55″W / 54.976642°N 1.582049°W
Monument Records[edit]
| Monument | Monument Number | National Monuments Record Number |
| Milecastle 2 | 24840 | NZ 26 NE 25 |
| Turret 2A | 24898 | NZ 26 SE 13 |
| Turret 2A (alternative) | 25012 | NZ 26 SE 57 |
| Turret 2B | 24901 | NZ 26 SE 14 |
| Turret 2B (alternative) | 25013 | NZ 26 SE 58 |
References[edit]
- ^ David J Breeze and Brian Dobson (1976). Hadrian's Wall. Allen Lane. pp. 14–15. ISBN 0140271821.
- ^ Horsley, John (1732), Britannia Romana or the Roman Antiquities of Britain, Frank Graham (published 1974), ISBN 085983090X
- ^ Breeze, David J (1934), Handbook to the Roman Wall (14th Revised edition - Nov 2006), Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne, p. 17, ISBN 0901082651
- ^ a b "Milecastle 2". Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
- ^ a b Birley, Eric B (1961), Research on Hadrian's Wall, Titus Wilson & Son, p. 71
- ^ "Turret 2A". Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
- ^ "Turret 2B". Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
Bibliography[edit]
- Daniels, Charles (1979), "Review: Fact and Theory on Hadrian's Wall", Britannia, 10: 357–364, doi:10.2307/526069, JSTOR 526069
<ref name=maclauchlin>{{Citation | first = Henry | last = Maclauchlin | title = Memoir Written During A Survey Of The Roman Wall: Through The Counties Of Northumberland And Cumberland, In The Years 1852-1854 | publisher = Kessinger Publishing Co | year = 1858 | isbn = 1437058035 | pages = }}</ref> <ref name=handbook>{{Citation | first = David J | last = Breeze | title = Handbook to the Roman Wall (14th Revised edition - Nov 2006) | publisher = Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne | year = 1934 | isbn = 0901082651 | pages = }}</ref> <ref name=collingwood>{{Citation | first = John Collingwood | last = Bruce | title = The Roman Wall | publisher = BiblioBazaar | publication-date = 2010 | year = 1853 | isbn = 1143691830 | pages = }}</ref> <ref name=hodgson>{{Citation | first = Rev John | last = Hodgson | title = A History of Northumberland, Part II, Vol III, Newcastle upon Tyne | year = 1840 | pages = }}</ref> <ref name=birley>{{Citation | first = Eric B | last = Birley | author-link=Eric Birley | title = Excavations on Hadrian's Wall west of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1929 | publisher = Titus Wilson & Son | year = 1930 | pages = }}</ref> <ref name=breeze>{{citebook |author=David J Breeze and Brian Dobson |year=1976 |title=Hadrian's Wall | publisher=Allen Lane | isbn=0140271821 | pages = }}</ref> <ref name=pastX>{{cite web|url=http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=99999 |title=Milecastle X|work=Pastscape|publisher=English Heritage|accessdate=DD MMM 2010}}</ref> {{Milecastles}} [[Category:Milecastles of Hadrian's Wall|XX]]