User:Quiddity/Human archetype systems

Archetype classification systems are used to divide and classify people into groups, or to classify an individual's personality types and traits. They are often recombinations of ancient archetypes. They are usually described in abstract or stereotypical terms, with the understanding that they are rough generalizations, and not universally identical or applicable. Most systems allow an individual to have many of the subtypes belong to them, e.g. western astrology's rising sign, sun sign, moon sign; or the gradient-scales of the two-factor models.

They provide a common/shared vocabulary, and ontology – A keyword-list for a set of paradigms, perspectives, reality tunnels, world views, and umwelts. The archetypes give us words and definitions and contrasts, for things like "my emotional state", and "my motivating factors", and a socially accepted way of talking about oneself and other people.

In a similar way, religious texts provide a culturally shared set of stories/allegories/legends/precedents/moral-fables.

List of systems

Ancient systems

• Ayurveda (at least 1500 BC)

  3 Doshas - Vata (wind/spirit/air), Pitta (bile), Kapha (phlegm)

• numerous Divination systems, e.g.
  • Natal astrology
    • All are linked to Babylonian astrology (at least 2000 BC) which itself had no involvement with individual people, but was instead used for omen interpretation and the welfare of the king.
      • 12 Western astrological signs (300 BC – 100 AD) - Aries, Cancer, Libra, Capricorn, Taurus, Leo, Scorpio, Aquarius, Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius, Pisces
      • 12 Chinese zodiac signs - Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, Pig
      • 8 Burmese zodiac animals - Garuda, Tiger, Lion, Elephant (with tusks), Elephant (no tusks), Rat, Guinea Pig, Dragon
      • 8 Ba gua personality trigrams - Creative, Gentle, Abysmal, Still, Receptive, Arousing, Clinging, Joyous
  • Numerology

    1–9, 1–10, A-Z, etc. (often using books (bibliomancy e.g. I Ching) or dice/bones/etc (cleromancy) or natal dates to generate the numbers)

  • Tarot (c.1430) (cartomancy)

Two Factor models

Many systems, commonly known as Two-factor models of personality, e.g.

• Humorism and Four Temperaments (400 BC, 190 AD, 1025, 1900, 1966)

  4 humors or temperaments - Choleric, Melancholic, Phlegmatic, Sanguine

• Carl Jung's 8 Psychological Types (1921)

  4 functions of consciousness - Sensation and Intuition, Thinking and Feeling

  2 attitude types - Extroversion and Introversion

• DISC assessment (1928)

  4 aspects of behavior - Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, Conscientiousness

• Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (1942) (developed further in MBTI Step II (1980s, 1998, 2001))

  16 types - (INFP-ESTJ) - based on 4 dichotomies - Extroversion vs Introversion, Sensing vs Intuition, Thinking vs Feeling, Judging vs Perceiving

• Eysenck's three factor model (1947, 1976)

  3 personality dimensions - Extraversion, Neuroticism, Psychoticism (added later)

• Keirsey Temperament Sorter (1978, 1988) (developed further in Interaction Styles (2001))

  4 temperaments - Artisan, Guardian, Idealist, Rational

  8 intelligence types - Administrator, Advocate, Conservator, Coordinator, Engineer, Expeditor, Improviser, Mentor

  16 role variants - Architect, Champion, Composer, Crafter, Counselor, FieldMarshal, Healer, Inspector, Inventor, Mastermind, Performer, Promoter, Protector, Provider, Supervisor, Teacher

• Socionics (1978)

  8 psychic functions, and 16 sociotypes, formed from combining Extroversion/Introversion and Leading/Creative functions with - Sensation, Intuition, Logic, Ethics

• Five Temperaments (1984)

  5 temperaments - Choleric, Melancholic, Phlegmatic, Sanguine, Supine

• Big Five personality traits (1950s, 1990)

  5 personality traits - Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Openness to experience, Neuroticism

More history and examples at Table of similar systems of comparison of temperaments, and Keirsey Historical development, and History of Two-factor models.

Other modern systems

• Somatotype and Constitutional Psychology (1940s)

  3 somatotypes - Ectomorphic, Mesomorphic, Endomorphic

• Enneagram of Personality (1950s)

  9 types - Perfectionist, Giver, Performer, Romantic, Observer, Trooper, Epicure, Boss, Mediator

• Type A and Type B personality theory (1950s)

  2 types - Type A, Type B, plus Type AB for unclear people

• 16 Personality Factors (1946)

  16 Primary Factors - Warmth, Reasoning, Emotional, Stability, Dominance, Liveliness, Rule-Consciousness, Social Boldness, Sensitivity, Vigilance, Abstractedness, Privateness, Apprehension, Openness to Change, Self-Reliance, Perfectionism, Tension

• Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (1939, 1989, 2003)

  10 scales - Hypochondriasis, Depression, Hysteria, Psychopathic, Masculinity/Femininity, Paranoia, Psychasthenia, Schizophrenia, Hypomania, Social Introversion

• Aaron Rosanoff's personality dimensions (1935)

  7 personality dimensions - Normal, Hysteroid, Manic, Depressive, Autistic, Paranoid, Epileptoid

  • Hypostatic model of personality (2001)

    4 hypostases - basic cognitive component, verbal subsystem, motivational subsystem, pragmatic componen

    6 behavioral and personality dimensions - cognitive, practical, affective, expressive, personality regulation, general perceptual-motor adaptation

• Holland Codes (1973)

  6 career types - Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional

• Belbin Team Inventory (1981)

  9 roles - Plant, Resource Investigator, Co-ordinator, Shaper, Monitor Evaluator, Teamworker, Implementer, Completer Finisher, Specialist

• Hogan Personality Inventory (1986)

  7 primary scales - Adjustment, Ambition, Sociability, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Prudence, Inquisitive, Learning Approach

  6 occupational scales - Service Orientation, Stress Tolerance, Reliability, Clerical Potential, Sales Potential, Managerial Potential

• Hartman Personality Profile (1997)

  4 colors - Red (power wielders), Blue (do-gooders), White (peacekeepers), Yellow (fun lovers)

• Multiple Natures (2008)

  9 natures - Protective, Educative, Administrative, Creative, Healing, Entertaining, Providing, Entrepreneurial, Adventurous

Similar reductionist systems

• Theory of multiple intelligences

  8 types - Spatial, Linguistic, Logical-mathematical, Kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalist

• Cultural schema theory

  8 Primary Social Interaction schemas - Fact-and-concept, Person, Self, Role, Context, Procedure, Strategy, Emotion

• Kübler-Ross model

  5 stages of grief - Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

• Psychological Continuum Model

  4 stages of consumer behavior - Awareness, Attraction, Attachment, Allegiance

• The Thirty-Six Dramatic Situations

  36 plot types (also "The 20 basic plots", and the "7 literary plots")

• Aarne–Thompson classification system

  ~2500 plot patterns in the narrative structures of traditional folktales

See also

• Archetype
• Dialogical self
• Fundamental human needs
• Identity (social science)
• Individual differences psychology
• Jungian archetypes
• Schema (psychology)
• Personal construct theory

• Personality psychology
• Personality style
• Phaneron
• Psychometrics
• Self-concept
• Semantic differential
• Stock character
• Systems psychology
• Trait theory

• Category:Personality theories
• Category:Personality typologies
• Category:Psychological theories
• Category:Motivational theories

External links

• Personality: Theory & Perspectives