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Mordens were a collection of Uralic-speaking ethnic groups forming an alliance starting from ca 5 c AD till 1230 comprising Erzyas, Meshcers, Mokshas and Muromians.

History[edit]

In reading Otter’s narrative and the earliest Norse accounts of voyages to Bjarmeland it must strike us that the Bjarmas we hear about seem to have possessed a surprisingly high degree of culture. As Professor Olaf Broch has also pointed out to me, this may be an indication that a comparatively active communication had existed long before that time along the Dvina and the Volga between the people of the White Sea and those on the Caspian and the Black Sea (by transport from the Volga to the Don). In those early times, before the Russians had yet established themselves in the territory of the upper Volga, this communication may have passed to the east of the Slavs through Finnish-speaking peoples the whole way from the lower Volga and the Finnish Bulgarians (cf. the Mordvin tribes of to-day).[1]

[Pg 143]It appears to me that various statements in Arabic literature may indicate such a connection.[111] The Arabs received information about northern regions through their commercial communications with the Mohammedan Finnish nation of the Bulgarians, whose capital Bulgar lay on the Volga[112] (near to the present town of Kazan), and was a meeting-place for traders coming up the river from the south and coming down the river from the north. Special interest attaches to the mention of the mysterious people “Wîsu,” far in the north. This is evidently the same name as the Russian Ves[113] for the Finnish people who, according to Nestor[114] (beginning of the twelfth century), lived by Lake Byelo-ozero (the white lake) in 859 A.D. They are mentioned together with Tchuds, Slavs, Merians and Krivitches, and were doubtless the most northerly of them, possibly spreading northwards towards the White Sea. They are probably the same people that Adam of Bremen [iv., c. 14, 19] calls “Wizzi” (see vol. i. p. 383; vol. ii. p. 64), and possibly those Jordanes calls “Vasinabroncæ,”[115] who together with “Merens” (Merians ?) and “Mordens” (Mordvins ?) were subdued by Ermanrik, king of the Goths. But the Arabic Wîsu seems sometimes to have been a common name for all Finnish (and even Samoyed) tribes in North Russia and on the coast of the Polar Sea.

The total number of Mordvin tribes area population between the end of 1st BC and beginnig of 2nd millenia AD can be estimated only approximately. Comparing the estimate of Eastern European population in 9th AD including Middle Volga area population density and type of its holding and land use (slash-and-burn farming and forest products harvesting) it might be not higher than 0,7 people per 1 square km.[2] If admitting these numbers and taking into consideration the total area occupied by Mordvin tribes (ca 90-100,000 square km) the number must be estimated around 50-80,000 people.[3]He also mentioned that Mokshas might have had relations with Greeks since their territory still included lands so far toward the south [Black see region] even in 13th c.[4] According to Kuznetsov Moksha territory in 13th c still included lands up to the North coast of the Black Sea[5] the west border of Mordvin tribes in the middle 16th c was Oka in Muromian Forest, where they had Alatyr belyaks. South borders reached Khoper and Tantsyrei rivers where Tsna Mokshas had their belyaks.[6] Great Old Mordvinia of russian historiography included modern Lipetsk, Voronezh, Tula, Kursk, Tambov, Saratov, Volgograd Oblasts, and Mordovia[7]

in vast area from Dnieper to Tsna river (Modern East Ukraine, Lipetsk, Voronezh, Tula, Kursk, Tambov Oblasts, Mordovia) starting before 4th century AD. Later this ethnolinguistic complex moved from Dnieper towards the area between Don and Oka rivers before 5th c AD and existed until 1237[8] From the area along Dnieper (Modern East Ukraine), Lipetsk, Voronezh, Tula, Kursk, Tambov Oblasts, Mordovia. Later this ethnolinguistic complex moved from Dnieper towards the area between Don and Oka rivers before 5th c AD[9] which corresponds to the time of Osthrogoths's arrival to Oium.[10], [11][12] [13]

  • Rubruquis
  • Hoards

Jewish Mordvins[edit]

Term Old East Slavic: поганый, romanized: poganyy, lit. 'of different faith' in contrast with the definition in Latin and many European lnaguages meant Jewish. The term was applied to Khazars (Russian: поганые хазары, romanized: poganyye khazary, lit. 'Jewish Khazars', sometimes just Russian: поганые, romanized: poganye, lit. 'the Jews'. The same term was used to refer to Mordvin tribes Old East Slavic: мордва поганая, romanized: mordva poganaya, lit. 'Jewish Mordvins'. The term for Paganism was attested later Old East Slavic: язычник, romanized: yazychnik, lit. 'heathen' but still sometimes was used in combinations Russian: язычники поганые, romanized: yazychniki poganyye, lit. 'heathen pagans' which also denoted Judaic, Jewish. The derogatory terms Old East Slavic: жид, romanized: zhyd, lit. 'Jew' or Old East Slavic: жидовин, romanized: zhydovin, lit. 'Judaist' were used later. For instance, the founder of Russian noble family Ekimov's name Zhidomir derives from Old East Slavic: жид, romanized: zhyd, lit. 'Jew'. Russian term for heathen and gentils etymology from Hebrew Goy non-Jew and nokhrí gentile respectively. The other term mention in the Tale of Bygone Years is nartsi, which also might be of Hebrew origin deems Israel Palchan. nots'rí (Nazarene) the Hebrew and Yiddish term to identify Christians. [14][15]

See also[edit]

Sourses[edit]

  • Kozlov, V.I. (1958). "Mordva Resettlement". Soviet Ethnography (in Russian) (2): 49.
  • Urlanis, B.T. (1941), Europe Population Growth, Moscow, p. 89{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Kuznetsov, S.K. (1912), Russian Historical Geography. Mordva (in Russian), Moscow: Book on Demand Ltd, p. 38, ISBN 551-806684, retrieved 2022-05-23 {{citation}}: Check |isbn= value: length (help)
  • Documents and Materials on History of Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (in Russian), vol. 1, p. 182, retrieved 2022-05-23
  • Nansen, Fridtjof (1 September 2012). In Northern Mists. Arctic Exploration in Early Times. Vol. 2. Translated by Arthur G. Chater. Project Gutenberg. Retrieved 2022-05-23.
  • Palchan, Israel (2018), The Khazar story: The Tail of Two Languages: Russian Hebrew and the Khazar story, ISBN 978-9789659081, retrieved 2022-04-16
  • {{cite dictionary|url=https://www.wordsense.eu/ישו_הנוצרי/

References[edit]

  1. ^ Nansen 2012
  2. ^ Urlanis 1941, p. 89
  3. ^ Kozlov 1958, p. 47
  4. ^ Kuznetsov 1912
  5. ^ Kuznetsov 1912
  6. ^ Kuznetsov 1910, p. 38
  7. ^ Fyodorova 1976
  8. ^ Fyodorova 1976
  9. ^ Fyodorova 1976 p.17
  10. ^ On the identification of Oium with the Sintana de Mures/Chernyakhov culture-area see Green (2000, pp. 167–168)
  11. ^ Heather & Matthews (1991, pp. 50–52, 88–92)
  12. ^ Kulikowski (2006, pp. 62–63)
  13. ^ Kozlov 1958, p. 49
  14. ^ Palchan 2018
  15. ^ [[#CITEREF|]]
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