User:Mr. Ibrahem/Motion sickness
| Motion sickness | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Kinetosis, travel sickness, seasickness, airsickness, carsickness, simulation sickness, space motion sickness, space adaptation syndrome |
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| A drawing of people with sea sickness from 1841 | |
| Specialty | Neurology |
| Symptoms | Nausea, vomiting, cold sweat, increased salivation[1] |
| Complications | Dehydration, electrolyte problems, lower esophageal tear[1] |
| Causes | Real or perceived motion[1] |
| Risk factors | Pregnancy, migraines, Meniere’s disease[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, vestibular migraine, stroke[1] |
| Prevention | Avoidance of triggers[1] |
| Treatment | Behavioral measures, medications[2] |
| Medication | Scapolamine, dimenhydrinate, dexamphetamine[2] |
| Prognosis | Generally resolve within a day[1] |
| Frequency | Nearly all people with sufficient motion[2] |
Motion sickness occurs due to a difference between actual and expected motion.[1] Symptoms commonly include nausea, vomiting, cold sweat, headache, sleepiness, yawning, loss of appetite, and increased salivation.[1] Complications may rarely include dehydration, electrolyte problems, or a lower esophageal tear.[1]
The cause of motion sickness is either real or perceived motion.[1] This may include from car travel, air travel, sea travel, space travel, or reality simulation.[1] Risk factors include pregnancy, migraines, and Meniere’s disease.[1] The diagnosis is based on symptoms.[1]
Treatment may include behavioral measures or medications.[2] Behavioral measures include keeping the head still and focusing on the horizon.[1] Three types of medications are useful: antimuscarinics such as scopolamine, H1 antihistamines such as dimenhydrinate, and amphetamines such as dexamphetamine.[2] Side effects, however, may limit the use of medications.[2] A number of medications used for nausea such as ondansetron are not effective for motion sickness.[2]
Nearly all people are affected with sufficient motion.[1] Susceptibility, however, is variable.[1] Women are more easily affected than men.[1] Motion sickness has been described since at least the time of Hippocrates.[1] "Nausea" is from the Greek naus meaning ship.[1]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Takov, V; Tadi, P (January 2019). "Motion Sickness". PMID 30969528.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g Golding, J. F. (2016). "Motion sickness". Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 137: 371–390. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63437-5.00027-3. ISBN 9780444634375. ISSN 0072-9752. PMID 27638085.