User:Mr. Ibrahem/Metoclopramide

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Mr. Ibrahem/Metoclopramide
Clinical data
Pronunciation/ˌmɛtəˈklɒprəmaɪd/
Trade namesPrimperan, Reglan, others[1]
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa684035
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: A
Routes of
administration		By mouth, intravenous, intramuscular, nasal spray
Drug classAntiemetic, prokinetic[2]
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S3 (combination with paracetamol), S4 (alone)
  • CA: ℞-only
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
  • US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability80 ± 15% (by mouth)
MetabolismLiver
Elimination half-life5–6 hours
ExcretionUrine: 70–85%
Feces: 2%
Identifiers
  • 4-Amino-5-chloro-N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC14H22ClN3O2
Molar mass299.80 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point147.3 °C (297.1 °F)
  • Clc1cc(c(OC)cc1N)C(=O)NCCN(CC)CC
  • InChI=1S/C14H22ClN3O2/c1-4-18(5-2)7-6-17-14(19)10-8-11(15)12(16)9-13(10)20-3/h8-9H,4-7,16H2,1-3H3,(H,17,19) checkY
  • Key:TTWJBBZEZQICBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Metoclopramide is a medication used mostly for stomach and esophageal problems.[6] It is commonly used to treat and prevent nausea and vomiting, to help with emptying of the stomach in people with delayed stomach emptying, and to help with gastroesophageal reflux disease.[2] It is also used to treat migraine headaches.[7]

Common side effects include: feeling tired, diarrhea, and feeling restless.[2] More serious side effects include: movement disorder like tardive dyskinesia, a condition called neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and depression.[2] It is thus rarely recommended that people take the medication for longer than twelve weeks.[2] No evidence of harm has been found after being taken by many pregnant women.[2][8] Use during breastfeeding appears safe.[4] It belongs to the group of medications known as dopamine-receptor antagonists and works as a prokinetic.[2]

Metoclopramide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1979.[2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[9] It is available as a generic medication.[2] The wholesale cost in the developing world as of 2014 is US$0.003 to US$0.08 per pill.[10] In the United States a month worth of medication is generally less than US$25.[11] In 2017, it was the 253rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than one million prescriptions.[12][13]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Drugs.com International names for metoclopramide Page accessed March 28, 2016
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Metoclopramide hydrochloride". Monograph. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  3. ^ "METOCLOPRAMIDE oral - Essential drugs". medicalguidelines.msf.org. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  4. ^ a b "Metoclopramide use while Breastfeeding". Drugs.com. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  5. ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  6. ^ "Metoclopramide". Nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  7. ^ Becker WJ (June 2015). "Acute Migraine Treatment in Adults". Headache. 55 (6): 778–93. doi:10.1111/head.12550. PMID 25877672.
  8. ^ "Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database". Australian Government. 3 March 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
  9. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  10. ^ "Metoclopramide HCL". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  11. ^ Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 262. ISBN 9781284057560.
  12. ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  13. ^ "Metoclopramide Hydrochloride - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
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