User:Mr. Ibrahem/Ménière's disease
| Ménière's disease | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Ménière's syndrome, idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops[1] |
 | |
| Diagram of the inner ear | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Specialty | Otolaryngology |
| Symptoms | Feeling like the world is spinning, ringing in the ears, hearing loss, fullness in the ear[3][4] |
| Usual onset | 40s–60s[3] |
| Duration | 20 minutes to few hours per episode[5] |
| Causes | Unknown[3] |
| Risk factors | Family history[4] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, hearing test[3] |
| Differential diagnosis | Vestibular migraine, transient ischemic attack[1] |
| Treatment | Low-salt diet, diuretics, corticosteroids, counselling[3][4] |
| Prognosis | After ~10 years hearing loss and chronic ringing[5] |
| Frequency | 0.3–1.9 per 1,000[1] |
Ménière's disease (MD) is a disorder of the inner ear that is characterized by episodes of feeling like the world is spinning (vertigo), ringing in the ears (tinnitus), hearing loss, and a fullness in the ear.[3][4] Typically, only one ear is affected initially; however, over time both ears may become involved.[3] Episodes generally last from 20 minutes to a few hours.[5] The time between episodes varies.[3] The hearing loss and ringing in the ears can become constant over time.[4]
The cause of Ménière's disease is unclear but likely involves both genetic and environmental factors.[1][3] A number of theories exist for why it occurs including constrictions in blood vessels, viral infections, and autoimmune reactions.[3] About 10% of cases run in families.[4] Symptoms are believed to occur as the result of increased fluid build up in the labyrinth of the inner ear.[3] Diagnosis is based on the symptoms and, frequently, a hearing test.[3] Other conditions that may produce similar symptoms include vestibular migraine and transient ischemic attack.[1]
A cure does not exist.[3] Attacks are often treated with medications to help with the nausea and anxiety.[4] Measures to prevent attacks are overall poorly supported by the evidence.[4] A low-salt diet, diuretics, and corticosteroids may be tried.[4] Physical therapy may help with balance and counselling may help with anxiety.[3][4] Injections into the ear or surgery may also be tried if other measures are not effective but are associated with risks.[3][5] The use of tympanostomy tubes, while popular, is not supported.[5]
Ménière's disease was first identified in the early 1800s by Prosper Ménière.[5] It affects between 0.3 and 1.9 per 1,000 people.[1] It most often starts in people 40 to 60 years old.[3][6] Females are more commonly affected than males.[1] After 5 to 15 years of symptoms, the episodes of the world spinning generally stop and the person is left with mild loss of balance, moderately poor hearing in the affected ear, and ringing in their ear.[5]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g Lopez-Escamez, Jose A.; Carey, John; Chung, Won-Ho; Goebel, Joel A.; Magnusson, Måns; Mandalà, Marco; Newman-Toker, David E.; Strupp, Michael; Suzuki, Mamoru (2015). "Diagnostic criteria for Menière's disease". Journal of Vestibular Research: Equilibrium & Orientation. 25 (1): 1–7. doi:10.3233/VES-150549. ISSN 1878-6464. PMID 25882471.
- ^ Dictionary.com Unabridged Archived 3 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. Accessed on 9 September 2008
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Ménière's Disease". NIDCD. 1 June 2016. Archived from the original on 27 July 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Seemungal, Barry; Kaski, Diego; Lopez-Escamez, Jose Antonio (August 2015). "Early Diagnosis and Management of Acute Vertigo from Vestibular Migraine and Ménière's Disease". Neurologic Clinics. 33 (3): 619–628, ix. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2015.04.008. ISSN 1557-9875. PMID 26231275.
- ^ a b c d e f g Harcourt J, Barraclough K, Bronstein AM (2014). "Meniere's disease". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 349: g6544. doi:10.1136/bmj.g6544. PMID 25391837.
- ^ Phillips, John S.; Westerberg, Brian (2011-07-06). "Intratympanic steroids for Ménière's disease or syndrome". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (7): CD008514. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008514.pub2. ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 21735432.