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List of Boeing 747 Aviation accidents and incidents

The List of Boeing 747 Aviation accidents and incidents is a comprehensive catalog of unfortunate events involving this iconic aircraft over the years. Considering that the Boeing 747 is one of the most recognizable commercial planes in history, its involvement in various accidents demands a meticulous investigation and analysis. This list encompasses incidents such as crashes, hijackings, equipment failures, and human errors that have affected both civilian and military operations worldwide. The data provided in these records offers valuable insights into potential safety concerns and the industry's continuous effort to enhance aviation protocols. By studying these incidents, experts can identify recurring patterns, potential design flaws, or operational issues that need attention to further improve air travel safety standards. Consequently, this list serves as a crucial resource for aviation professionals aiming to avoid past mistakes and ensure safer skies for passengers around the globe.

Furthermore, the compilation of the List of Boeing 747 Aviation accidents and incidents serves as a reminder of the importance of ongoing safety measures and advancements in the aviation industry. Each incident documented in this catalog represents a tragedy that has led to valuable lessons and improvements in aircraft design, maintenance, aircraft bombings, and pilot training. By thoroughly examining these events, aviation experts can identify areas for improvement and implement necessary changes to prevent similar accidents in the future. The continuous analysis of these incidents not only enhances the safety of Boeing 747 flights but also contributes to the overall advancement of aviation safety standards worldwide. It is through this dedication to learning from past mistakes that the industry can ensure a safer and more secure travel experience for passengers worldwide.

History of major incidents

Japan Airlines Flight 123, also known as JAL123, remains one of the worst aviation disasters in history. On August 12, 1985, the Boeing 747SR aircraft en route from Tokyo to Osaka suffered a catastrophic mechanical failure that resulted in the loss of 520 lives. Investigators later determined that an improper repair from a tailstrike in 1978 on the rear pressure bulkhead caused it to rupture during flight, severing vital control systems and rendering the aircraft uncontrollable.

Air India Flight 855, the Boeing 747-237B aircraft, tragically crashed into the Arabian Sea on New Year's Day in 1978, resulting in the loss of all 213 passengers and crew members on board. The flight was en route from Mumbai to Dubai when it started descending rapidly shortly after takeoff. Despite the pilots' desperate attempts to regain control, they were unable to prevent the plane from plunging into the waters near Bandra-Worli Sea Link.

Tenerife Airport Disaster, This refers to a catastrophic aviation accident that occurred on March 27, 1977, at Los Rodeos Airport (now known as Tenerife North Airport) in the Canary Islands. It is considered the second deadliest accident in aviation history, with a staggering death toll of 583 passengers and crew members. The disaster was a result of several factors, including foggy weather conditions which severely impaired visibility, airport congestion due to diverted flights from Gran Canaria Airport following a bomb explosion there, miscommunication between the air traffic controllers and pilots, and ultimately the collision between two Boeing 747 aircraft from Pan Am and KLM

List of Boeing 747 accidents and incidents By death toll

Tenerife airport disaster

583: Tenerife Airport Disaster, occurred on March 27, 1977, at Los Rodeos Airport on the Spanish Canary Island of Tenerife. It remains the second deadliest aviation accident in history until the September 11 attacks In 2001. The disaster involved two Boeing 747 jumbo jets, one operated by KLM and the other by Pan American World Airways (Pan Am). ^{61 survivors with 61 injuries}

Japan Airlines Boeing 747SR tailstrike

520: Japan Airlines Flight 123, was a tragic aviation incident that occurred on August 12, 1985. The flight involved a Boeing 747SR (Short Range) operated by Japan Airlines (JAL). The flight was a domestic route from Tokyo Haneda Airport to Osaka International Airport (Itami Airport). Approximately 12 minutes into the flight, while at an altitude of 24,000 feet (7,300 meters), the aircraft suffered a sudden decompression due to the failure of the aft pressure bulkhead. The bulkhead had a repair history following a tailstrike incident in 1978. ^{4 survivors with 4 injuries}

349: 1996 Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision, The mid-air collision occurred on November 12, 1996, and involved the collision of two commercial aircraft near the village of Charkhi Dadri, located near New Delhi, India. The incident remains one of the deadliest aviation accidents in history and the deadliest mid-air collision in aviation history. The two aircraft involved were a Saudia (Saudi Arabian Airlines) Boeing 747-168B and a Kazakhstan Airlines Ilyushin Il-76. ^{0 survivors}

329: Air India Flight 182, was a scheduled passenger flight from Toronto, Canada, to Delhi, India, with a stopover in Montreal. The flight was operated by Air India and was the target of a terrorist bombing done by the Babbar Khalsa on June 23, 1985. while the aircraft was at cruising altitude off the coast of Ireland, the bomb exploded disintegrating the aircraft in mid-air in the forward cargo hold. The explosion resulted in a catastrophic structural failure of the aircraft. ^{0 survivors}

accidents and incidents under 300 fatalities.

270: Pan Am Flight 103, was a scheduled transatlantic flight that became the target of a terrorist bombing on December 21, 1988. The flight was en route from London Heathrow Airport to John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City. While flying over Lockerbie, Scotland, at cruising altitude, a bomb hidden inside a suitcase exploded in the aircraft's forward cargo hold. The explosion resulted in the in-flight breakup of the aircraft in mid-air. All 259 people on board the aircraft lost their lives, and 11 individuals on the ground in Lockerbie were also killed as debris fell onto the town. In total, 270 people were killed. ^{0 survivors.} 269: Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (KAL 007) was a tragic incident involving a civilian airliner that was shot down by the Soviet Union on September 1, 1983. KAL 007 was a scheduled passenger flight from New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport to Seoul, South Korea, with a layover in Anchorage, Alaska. While en route from Anchorage to Seoul, the aircraft deviated significantly from its assigned flight path and entered Soviet airspace over the Kamchatka Peninsula. The Soviet Union, claiming the aircraft was a spy plane, dispatched interceptor aircraft to intercept KAL 007. The Soviet interceptor, a Sukhoi Su-15, fired air-to-air missiles at KAL 007, resulting in the destruction of the Boeing 747. ^{0 survivors.}

Trans World Airlines Flight 800

230: Trans World Airlines Flight 800( TWA Flight 800) was a tragic aviation incident that occurred on July 17, 1996, when a Trans World Airlines (TWA) Boeing 747-131, en route from New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport to Rome, Italy, experienced a catastrophic in-flight breakup and crashed into the Atlantic Ocean near East Moriches, New York. The aircraft involved was a Boeing 747-131, registration N93119, named "World Trade Center." Approximately 12 minutes after takeoff, while climbing to cruising altitude, the aircraft experienced a catastrophic explosion. The explosion resulted in the breakup of the aircraft. All 230 people on board, including 18 crew members and 212 passengers, lost their lives in the crash. The investigation into the crash was led by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). The FBI also conducted a criminal investigation, initially considering the possibility of a criminal act or terrorism. The NTSB's final report, released in 2000, concluded that the probable cause of the accident was an explosion of the center fuel tank, likely initiated by a short circuit in the wiring. ^{0 survivors}

Korean Air Flight 801 crash site

229: Korean Air Flight 801, was a tragic aviation incident that occurred on August 6, 1997. The flight, operated by Korean Air, was en route from Seoul, South Korea, to Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport in Guam. The aircraft involved was a Boeing 747-300, registration HL7468, named "Seoul." The flight was designated Korean Air Flight 801. While approaching Guam for landing in the early hours of August 6, 1997, Flight 801 crashed into the mountainous terrain on Nimitz Hill, a few miles short of the runway. Of the 254 people on board, 229 lost their lives in the crash, including the captain, first officer, and flight engineer. There were 25 survivors. ^{25 survivors with 25 injuries} 225: China Airlines Flight 611, was a tragic aviation incident that occurred on May 25, 2002. The flight, operated by China Airlines, was en route from Chiang Kai-shek International Airport (now Taoyuan International Airport) in Taiwan to Hong Kong International Airport. The aircraft involved was a Boeing 747-209B, registration B-18255. The flight was a scheduled passenger service from Taipei to Hong Kong. Approximately 20 minutes after takeoff, while cruising at an altitude of 35,000 feet, the aircraft experienced a catastrophic in-flight breakup over the Taiwan Strait. All 225 people on board, including 206 passengers and 19 crew members, lost their lives in the crash. The investigation revealed that improper repairs to the aircraft's tail section, following a tailstrike incident in 1980, had contributed to the development of the fatigue fracture over time. ^{0 survivors.}

Air India Flight 855 (before the accident) in 1976

213: Air India Flight 855 was a scheduled passenger flight that crashed on January 1, 1978. The Boeing 747 aircraft, operating the flight from Bombay (now Mumbai) to Dubai, experienced a crash shortly after takeoff from Bombay's Sahar International Airport (now Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport). The crash resulted in the deaths of all 213 people on board. The investigation into the accident revealed that the primary cause was a combination of pilot error and instrument malfunction. The captain had mistakenly believed that the aircraft's altitude indicator was malfunctioning/broken and took corrective action that led to the crash. the aircraft was also known

as the "Emperor Ashoka, The crew's inability to recognize the actual situation and correct their actions led to the aircraft crashing into the Arabian Sea, killing all 213 people on board. ^{0 survivors}

accidents and incidents under 200 fatalities.

Avianca Flight 011 before the accident

181: Avianca Flight 011 was a scheduled passenger flight operated by Avianca, a Colombian airline. The flight, a Boeing 747-283B, was en route from Bogotá, Colombia, to Madrid, Spain, with a stopover in New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport. The incident occurred on November 27, 1983. While on approach to Madrid-Barajas Airport, the aircraft crashed into terrain approximately 5 miles from the runway during its final approach. Tragically, 181 people out of the 192 people on board lost their lives in the crash. The investigation into the accident revealed that the probable cause was the crew's failure to adequately monitor the aircraft's altitude during the approach. The crew descended below the established minimum descent altitude without having the runway in sight, leading to the controlled flight into terrain. ^{11 survivors with 11 injures.}

159: South African Airways Flight 295 was a scheduled passenger flight from Taipei, Taiwan, to Johannesburg, South Africa, with a stopover in Mauritius. The incident occurred on November 28, 1987. The aircraft involved was a Boeing 747-244B Combi, with the registration ZS-SAS, named "Helderberg." While en route from Taiwan to Mauritius, a fire broke out in the aircraft's cargo hold. The crew initiated emergency procedures and attempted to divert the flight to the nearest suitable airport, which was Plaisance Airport in Mauritius. Unfortunately, the fire led to a catastrophic structural failure of the aircraft before it could reach the airport. The aircraft crashed into the Indian Ocean approximately 180 miles (290 km) northeast of the island of Mauritius. All 159 people on board, including 140 passengers and 19 crew members, perished in the crash. ^{0 survivors}

accidents and incidents under 100 fatalities. And 50 fatalities

An illustration showing the possible impact angle and position.

42: 4 in the aircraft 39 on the ground: El Al Flight 1862 was a cargo flight operated by El Al Israel Airlines using a Boeing 747-258F freighter aircraft. The incident occurred on October 4, 1992, in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The aircraft, with the registration 4X-AXG, was flying from New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport to Tel Aviv, Israel, with a stopover in Amsterdam. During its approach to Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport, the right-wing engine’s separated from the aircraft, causing a cascade of events that led to the crash. The separation of the engine damaged the right-wing structure and caused a loss of hydraulic fluid. Subsequently, the right-wing separated from the aircraft, leading to a loss of control. The Boeing 747 crashed into two apartment buildings in the Bijlmermeer neighborhood of Amsterdam. The crash resulted in the deaths of 43 people, including the aircraft's three crew members and 39 individuals on the ground. Many others ²⁶ were injured, and the impact caused significant damage to buildings. _{26 injuries (11 serious, 15 minor) 26 on the ground survivors 0 in the aircraft.}