User:Jason Rees/sandbox

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Severe Tropical Cyclone Evan
Cyclone Evan just off the western coast of Fiji on 17 December
Meteorological history
Formed9 December 2012 (2012-12-09)
Extratropical19 December 2012 (2012-12-19)
Dissipated27 December 2012 (2012-12-27)
Category 4 severe tropical cyclone
10-minute sustained (FMS)
Highest winds185 km/h (115 mph)
Lowest pressure943 hPa (mbar); 27.85 inHg
Category 4-equivalent tropical cyclone
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds230 km/h (145 mph)
Lowest pressure929 hPa (mbar); 27.43 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities14 confirmed
Damage$313 million (2012 USD)
Areas affectedSamoa, American Samoa, Wallis and Futuna, Fiji, Tonga, New Zealand
Part of the 2012–13 South Pacific cyclone season

Meteorological history[edit]

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

The tropical depression that was to become Severe Tropical Cyclone Evan was first noted by the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) on December 9, while it was located within the South Pacific Convergence Zone near the Fijian dependency of Rotuma.[1][2][3] At this stage, the system's broad low-level circulation was poorly organised, while the majority of atmospheric convection was fragmented and located over its northeastern quadrant.[1][4] Over the next day, the system subsequently moved south-eastwards within an area favourable for further development, with low vertical windshear, sea surface temperatures of 29–30 °C (84–86 °F) and favourable outflow.[4][5] During December 11, the systems low-level circulation centre started to rapidly consolidate, as it passed around 55 km (35 mi) to the southwest of the French Territory of Futuna.[5][6][7] Later that day as the depression became equivalant to a tropical storm and develop a small eye on microwave imagery, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center initiated advisories on the system and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 04P.[8][9] This was followed by the FMS naming the system as Evan during December 12, after it had become a Category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale.[3][10][11]

Preparations and impact[edit]

Fiji[edit]

Wallis and Futuna[edit]

Samoa[edit]

American Samoa[edit]

Tonga[edit]

On December 12, the FMS issued a tropical cyclone alert for the Tongan Islands Niuatoputapu and Niuafo'ou as it was thought that Evan might cause gale-force winds over the islands within 48 hours.[12] During December 14, the alert was cancelled as Evan was no longer predicted to pass close enough to the islands to produce gale force winds or any damage on either island.[13]

New Zealand[edit]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Tropical Disturbance Summary December 9, 2012 21z (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. December 9, 2012. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
  2. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans December 10, 2012 00z (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 10, 2012. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ^ a b DMO Newsletter January — March 2013 (PDF) (Report). Vol. 1. Samoa Disaster Management Office. April 16, 2013. pp. 1–4. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 13, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
  4. ^ a b Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans December 10, 2012 06z (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 10, 2012. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. ^ a b Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert December 11, 2012 05z (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 11, 2012. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  6. ^ Hirsch, Nathalie (2013). "Pacifique sud 2012-2013: Une saison dans les normes". La Météorologie. 8 (83): 95–97. doi:10.4267/2042/52060. hdl:2042/52060.
  7. ^ "2012 Tropical Cyclone Evan (2012346S14180)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved July 23, 2023. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  8. ^ Tropical Cyclone 04P Warning 1 December 11, 2012 21z (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 11, 2012. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  9. ^ Kelley, Owen. "Tropical Storm Evan (South Pacific Ocean)". United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
  10. ^ Tropical Disturbance Advisory December 12, 2012 00z (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. December 12, 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2012. {{cite report}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help)
  11. ^ "Tropical Cyclone "Evan"" (PDF) (Press release). Fiji Meteorological Service. December 12, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 29, 2013. Retrieved July 23, 2023.
  12. ^ Special Weather Bulletin Number One for Tonga on Tropical Cyclone Evan December 12, 2012 23:15 UTC (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. December 12, 2012. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  13. ^ "Special Weather Bulletin Number Six for Tonga on Tropical Cyclone Evan December 14, 2012 15:37 UTC". Fiji Meteorological Service. December 14, 2012. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

External links[edit]

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