User:Ichthyovenator/Armenian kings
Kings of Ancient Armenia (401 BC – AD 428)[edit]
Orontid dynasty (401–200 BC)[edit]
| Portrait | Name | Reign | Succession | Life details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Orontes I Երվանդ |
c. 401–344 BC (satrap) (c. 57 years) |
Made satrap of Armenia under the Achaemenid king Artaxerxes II. Governed virtually autonomously. | [1] |
| Orontes II Երվանդ |
c. 344–331 BC (satrap) (c. 13 years) c. 331 BC (king)[a] (c. less than a year) |
Died fighting on the side of the Achaemenid Empire against Alexander the Great at the Battle of Gaugamela[1] | ||
| Mithrenes Միհրան |
c. 331–317 BC (c. 14 years) |
Son of Orontes II, defected to join Alexander the Great and named the new ruler of Armenia by Alexander after his father's death | [1] | |
| Neoptolemus Նեոպտելեմուս |
323–321 BC (satrap) (2 years) |
[1] | ||
| Orontes III Երվանդ |
c. 317–260 BC (c. 57 years) |
[1] | ||
| Sames Շամուշ |
c. 260 BC (less than a year) |
[1] | ||
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Arsames Արշամ |
c. 260–228 BC (c. 32 years) |
[1] | |
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Xerxes Արշամ |
c. 228–212 BC (c. 16 years) |
[1] | |
| Orontes IV Երվանդ |
c. 212–200 BC (c. 12 years) |
[1] |
Artaxiad dynasty (190–2 BC)[edit]
| Portrait | Name | Reign | Succession | Life details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Artaxias I Արտաշես |
c. 190–159 BC (c. 31 years) |
Unclear succession. According to Strabo, Artaxias I was a general under the Seleucid king Antiochus III who seized power in Armenia, but according to Artaxias's own inscriptions he appears to have been part of a junior line of the Orontid dynasty. | [1][2] |
| Artavasdes I Արտավազդ |
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Tigranes I Տիգրան |
XX – XX (aged XX) xxx | ||
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Tigranes II "the Great" Տիգրան |
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Artavasdes II Արտավազդ |
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Artaxias II Արտաշես |
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Tigranes III Տիգրան |
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Tigranes IV Տիգրան |
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Erato Էրատո (first reign) |
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Artavasdes III Արտավազդ |
Roman and Parthian candidates (2 BC – AD 61)[edit]
| Portrait | Name | Reign | Succession | Life details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ariobarzanes Արիոբարզանես |
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Artavasdes IV Արտավազդ |
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Tigranes V Տիգրան |
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Erato Էրատո (second reign) |
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Vonones Վոնոն |
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Artaxias III Արտաշես |
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| Arshak I Արշակ |
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| Mithridates Միհրդատ (first reign) |
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| Orodes Որոդես |
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| Mithridates Միհրդատ (second reign) |
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Rhadamistus Հռադամիզդ (first reign) |
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Tiridates I Տրդատ (first reign) |
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Rhadamistus Հռադամիզդ (second reign) |
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Tiridates I Տրդատ (second reign) |
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Tigranes VI Տիգրան |
Arsacid dynasty (62–428)[edit]
| Portrait | Name | Reign | Succession | Life details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Tiridates I Տրդատ (third reign) |
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Sanatruk Սանատրուկ |
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| Axidares Աշխադար |
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| Parthamasiris Պարթամասիր |
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| Vologases I Վաղարշ |
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Sohaemus Սոհեմոս (first reign) |
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| Pacorus Բակուր |
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Sohaemus Սոհեմոս (second reign) |
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Vologases II Վաղարշ |
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| Khosrov I Խոսրով |
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| Tiridates II Տրդատ |
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| Khosrov II Խոսրով |
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Hormizd Որմիզդ |
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Narseh Հվարմիզդակ |
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Tiridates III "the Great" Տրդատ |
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| Khosrov III "the Small" Խոսրով |
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| Tigranes VII Տիգրան |
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| Arshak II Արշակ |
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| Pap Պապ |
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Varazdat Վարազդատ |
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| Arshak III Արշակ |
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| Vologases III Վաղարշ |
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| Khosrov IV Խոսրով |
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Vramshapuh Վռամշապուհ |
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| Shapur Շապուհ |
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| Artaxias IV Արտաշես |
Presiding Princes of Armenia (428–884)[edit]
Kings of Medieval Armenia (884–1375)[edit]
Bagratid dynasty (884–1045)[edit]
Kiurikian dynasty ()[edit]
Rubenian dynasty (1198–1252, in Cilicia)[edit]
Hethumid dynasty (1226–1341, in Cilicia)[edit]
Lusignan and Neghir dynasties (1341–1375, in Cilicia)[edit]
Titular kings of Armenia (1375–1946)[edit]
Lusignan claimants (1375–1474)[edit]
| Name | Claim | Succession |
|---|---|---|
| Leo V | 1375–1393 | Last ruling Armenian monarch |
| James I of Cyprus (James I)[b] | 1393–1398 | Distant cousin of Leo V[c] |
| Janus of Cyprus (Janus) | 1398–1432 | Son of James I |
| John II of Cyprus (John) | 1432–1458 | Son of Janus |
| Charlotte of Cyprus (Charlotte) | 1458–1464/1485[d] | Daughter of John II |
| James II of Cyprus (James II) | 1464–1473 | Son of John II |
| James III of Cyprus (James III) | 1473–1474 | Son of James II |
Cornaro claimant (1474–1489)[edit]
| Name | Claim | Succession |
|---|---|---|
| Catherine Cornaro (Catherine) | 1474–1489 | Widow of James II, mother of James III |
Savoyard claimants (1485–1946)[edit]
In 1489, Catherine sold her claim to Armenia, as well as her other claims and titles, to the Republic of Venice. Although Venice at times advanced a shadowy claim to Armenia or Cilicia, deriving from this sale, the rightful heirs of the Lusignan kings of Cilician Armenia are otherwise regarded to be the House of Savoy,[5] owing to Charlotte (r. 1458–1464) in February 1485 ceding her claims to her cousin's son Charles I, Duke of Savoy.[4] The dukes of Savoy formally styled themselves as "Duke of Savoy and titular King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia" for centuries. The style is for instance attested under Charles Emmanuel I in the 17th century .[6] The heads of the House of Savoy continued to claim the title even after they became kings in their own right in 1720 as kings of Sardinia. The full style of the king of Sardinia under Victor Emmanuel II (r. 1849–1878) included "King of Sardinia, Cyprus, Jerusalem, Armenia"[7] and the title "King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia" was maintained even after they became kings of Italy, as it was among the titles claimed by Victor Emmanuel III (r. 1900–1946).[8]
| Name | Claim | Succession |
|---|---|---|
| Charles I, Duke of Savoy (Charles I) | 1485–1490 | Son of a cousin of Charlotte and her designated heir |
| Charles II, Duke of Savoy (Charles II) | 1490–1496 | Son of Charles I |
| Philip II, Duke of Savoy (Philip) | 1496–1497 | Uncle of Charles I |
| Philibert II, Duke of Savoy (Philibert) | 1497–1504 | Son of Philip II |
| Charles III, Duke of Savoy (Charles III) | 1504–1553 | Son of Philip II |
| Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy (Emmanuel) | 1553–1580 | Son of Charles III |
| Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy (Charles IV) | 1580–1630 | Son of Emmanuel Philibert |
| Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy (Victor I) | 1630–1637 | Son of Charles Emmanuel I |
| Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy (Francis) | 1637–1638 | Son of Victor Amadeus I |
| Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (Charles V) | 1638–1675 | Son of Victor Amadeus I |
| Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia (Victor II) | 1675–1730 | Son of Charles Emmanuel II |
| Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia (Charles VI) | 1730–1773 | Son of Victor Amadeus II |
| Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia (Victor III) | 1773–1796 | Son of Charles Emmanuel III |
| Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia (Charles VII) | 1796–1802 | Son of Victor Amadeus III |
| Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia (Victor IV) | 1802–1821 | Son of Victor Amadeus III |
| Charles Felix of Sardinia (Charles VIII) | 1821–1831 | Son of Victor Amadeus III |
| Charles Albert of Sardinia (Charles IX) | 1831–1849 | Great-great-grandson of Victor Amadeus I |
| Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (Victor V) | 1849–1878 | Son of Charles Albert |
| Umberto I of Italy (Humbert I) | 1878–1900 | Son of Victor Emmanuel II |
| Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (Victor VI) | 1900–1946 | Son of Umberto I |
| Umberto II of Italy (Humbert II) | 1946 | Son of Victor Emmanuel III |
Notes[edit]
- ^ It is not fully certain when Armenian rulers began to style themselves as kings in their own right. This list follows Toumanoff (1963) and Lang (2021) in considering Orontes II to be the first "king".[1]
- ^ From James's inheritance of the title in 1393 to the end of the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1489, the rulers of Cyprus used the title "King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia".[3]
- ^ Both James I and Leo V were great-grandsons of Hugh III of Cyprus.
- ^ Charlotte was deposed as queen of Cyprus in 1464, but she maintained her claims to both Cyprus and Armenia, and her other titles, until 1485.[4]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Lang 2021, p. Chapter V.
- ^ Garsoian 2004.
- ^ Ghazarian 2000, The seeds of Lusignan rule in Cilicia.
- ^ a b Hill 1948, p. 612.
- ^ Fortescue 1913, p. 390.
- ^ Mauvillon 1742, p. 1.
- ^ Davies 2011, Sabaudia.
- ^ Arielli 2010, p. 173.
Bibliography[edit]
- Arielli, Nir (2010). Fascist Italy and the Middle East, 1933–1940. London: Palgrave MacMillan. ISBN 978-1349312047.
- Davies, Norman (2011). Vanished Kingdoms: The History of Half-Forgotten Europe. London: Penguin UK. ISBN 978-0141048864.
- Fortescue, Adrian (1913). The Lesser Eastern Churches. London: Catholic Truth Society. OCLC 992420.
- Garsoian, Nina (2004). "Armeno-Iranian Relations in the pre-Islamic period". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation.
- Ghazarian, Jacob G. (2000). The Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia During the Crusades: The Integration of Cilician Armenians with the Latins 1080–1393. Oxford: Routledge. ISBN 0-7007-1418-9.
- Hill, George (1948). A History of Cyprus. Vol. The Frankish Period, 1432–1571. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 468917323.
- Lang, David Marshall (2021) [1970]. Armenia: Cradle of Civilization. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-04-956007-7.
- Mauvillon, Eleazar (1742). The History of Francis-Eugene, Prince of Savoy. London: James Hodges.