User:Esemono/FirstNationNorthAmerica
Powhatan Confederation[edit]
The Powhatan (also spelled Powatan and Powhaten), is the name of a Virginia Indian[1] tribe. It is also the name of a powerful confederacy of tribes which they dominated. The confederacy is estimated to have been about 14,000-21,000 people in eastern Virginia, when the English settled Jamestown in 1607.[2] They were also known as Virginia Algonquians, as they spoke an eastern-Algonquian language known as Powhatan.
Iroquois League[edit]
The Iroquois League was established prior to major European contact. Most archaeologists and anthropologists believe that the League was formed sometime between about 1450 and 1600.[3][4] A few claims have been made for an earlier date; one recent study has argued that the League was formed in 1142, based on a solar eclipse in that year that seems to fit one oral tradition.[5] Anthropologist Dean Snow argues that the archaeological evidence does not support a date earlier than 1450, and that recent claims for a much earlier date "may be for contemporary political purposes".[6]
Huron Confederacy[edit]
The Wendat were not a tribe, but a confederacy of four or more tribes with a mutually intelligible language.[7] According to tradition, this Wendat (or Huron) Confederacy was initiated by the Attignawantans (People of the Bear) and the Attigneenongnahacs (People of the Cord), who confederated in the 15th century.[7] They were joined by the Arendarhonons (People of the Rock) about 1590, and the Tahontaenrats (People of the Deer) around 1610.[7] A fifth group, the Ataronchronons (People of the Marshes or Bog), may not have attained full membership in the confederacy,[7] and may have been a division of the Attignawantan.[8]
Cherokee Nation[edit]
After the Chickamauga Wars, the Cherokee were reduced to the area between the Tennessee and Chattahoochee Rivers. The Cherokee survived the American Revolution with their independence intact, due to their distance from white settlers. However, their lands were claimed by the new state of Georgia, and in 1802 the federal government promised to extinguish Indian titles to lands claimed by Georgia in return for the states' cession of the western lands that became Alabama and Mississippi. The deerskin trade was no longer feasible on their greatly reduced lands, and they sought to build a new society and create a nation-state in the image of the United States. The Cherokees organized a national government led by Principal Chiefs Little Turkey (1788-1801), Black Fox (1801-1811), Pathkiller (1811-1827). The 'Cherokee triumvirate' of James Vann and his proteges The Ridge and Charles R. Hicks advocated acculturation, formal education, and modern methods of farming.
Mound builder (people)[edit]
Mound Builder is a general term referring to prehistoric inhabitants of North America who constructed various styles of earthen mounds for burial, residential and ceremonial purposes. These included Archaic, Woodland period (Adena and Hopewell cultures), and Mississippian period Pre-Columbian cultures dating from roughly 3000 BCE to the 16th century CE, and living in the Great Lakes region, the Ohio River region, and the Mississippi River region.[9] Beginning with Watson Brake in present-day Louisiana, indigenous peoples started building earthwork mounds before the pyramids were constructed in Egypt.
Mound builder (people)[edit]
The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763, by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War. The purpose of the proclamation was to organize Great Britain's new North American empire and to stabilize relations with Native North Americans through regulation of trade, settlement, and land purchases on the western frontier. The Royal Proclamation continues to be of legal importance to First Nations in Canada.
Wars on the East Coast[edit]
- King Philip's War joined the Powhatan wars of 1610-14, 1622-32 and 1644-46[10] in Virginia, the Pequot War of 1637 in Connecticut, the Dutch-Indian war of 1643 along the Hudson River[11] and the Iroquois Beaver Wars of 1650[12] in a list of ongoing uprisings and conflicts between various Native American tribes and the French, Dutch, and English colonial settlements of Canada, New York, and New England.
External links[edit]
Map-of-the-Indian-Tribes-of-North
References[edit]
- ^ http://indians.vipnet.org/resources/writersGuide.pdf
- ^ Egloff, Keith and Deborah Woodward. First People: The Early Indians of Virginia. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1992
- ^ Fenton, Great Law and the Longhouse, 69.
- ^ Shannon, Iroquois Diplomacy, 25.
- ^ Johansen, Bruce (1995). "Dating the Iroquois Confederacy". Akwesasne Notes New Series. 1 (3): 62–63. Retrieved Dec 12, 2008.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|month=and|coauthors=(help) - ^ Snow, The Iroquois, 231.
- ^ a b c d Dickason, "Huron/Wyandot", 263–65.
- ^ Trigger, Children of Aataentsic, 30.
- ^ See Squier p. 1
- ^ Article
- ^ Article
- ^ Article