User:Edusite456/sandbox
 The monument in 2020 | |
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| 41°47′11″N 71°56′59″W / 41.78639°N 71.94972°W | |
| Location | Brooklyn, Connecticut, United States |
|---|---|
| Designer | Karl Gerhardt |
| Fabricator | Henry-Bonnard Bronze Company |
| Type | Equestrian statue |
| Material | Bronze Granite |
| Length | 250 inches (6.4 m) |
| Width | 150 inches (3.8 m) |
| Height | 300 inches (7.6 m) |
| Dedicated date | June 14, 1888 |
| Dedicated to | Israel Putnam |
The Israel Putnam Monument is an equestrian statue located in Brooklyn, Connecticut, United States. The monument, designed by sculptor Karl Gerhardt, was dedicated in 1888 in honor of Israel Putnam, a Connecticut native who served as a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Upon its completion, Putnam's remains were reinterred under the monument.
History[edit]
Background[edit]
Israel Putnam was a military officer from Brooklyn, Connecticut. Originally from Salem, Massachusetts, he had moved to Brooklyn in 1739 and participated in the French and Indian War from 1755 to 1762. Soon after the Battles of Lexington and Concord, Putnam became involved on the side of the American revolutionaries, organizing a regiment in Windham County, Connecticut and becoming a major general in the Continental Army.[1] Following the war, Putnam returned to Brooklyn, where he died in 1790.[2] He was buried in the town's South Cemetery.[3] Following his death, several memorials and monuments began to be erected in his honor, with the first being his tomb, a brick structure covered by a large stone that bore an inscription composed by Timothy Dwight IV, future president of Yale University.[4] In 1874, a statue of Putnam designed by sculptor John Quincy Adams Ward was dedicated in Bushnell Park in Hartford, Connecticut, the state capital.[5] In Brooklyn, there had been a push to erect another monument to Israel in the 1850s, though these plans ultimately did not come to fruition.[6]
Creation[edit]
By the 1880s, the stone slab covering Putnam's tomb had significantly deteriorated due to vandalism.[4] In late 1885, the editor of the Windham County Standard began to urge for the creation of a new monument to honor Putnam. At a meeting he had organized, a group of citizens from the county formed the Putnam Monument Association with the goal of raising US$10,000 for the creation of this monument. Additionally, it was decided that, if the association was unable to attain this money through local fundraising, they would petition either the U.S. Congress or the Connecticut General Assembly for assistance.[6] By the time a subsequent meeting was held, only $500 had been raised, at which time the association decided to petition the General Assembly for $10,000, with the hope that an additional $5,000 could be raised through local fundraising.[6] The appropriation passed the legislature with only one dissenting vote from a legislator who stated that his constituents should not have to fund a project that the federal government should be financing.[6] On February 19, 1886,[7] the Connecticut government created a committee composed of seven Connecticut citizens to oversee the project,[6] which included politicians George P. McLean and George G. Sumner.[7] That same day, the committee approved of holding a contest and soliciting designs from artists for the monument, with the only constraints being that the monument not cost more than $10,000 and that the proposal be submitted by May 15, 1886.[6] The winner would receive a compensation of $250.[8] Of the 25 designs that were submitted, the one from Karl Gerhardt was in the form of an equestrian statue, and subsequently the committee decided that that type of monument should be chosen.[6][9] Another competition was held, this time explicitly seeking out equestrian statue designs, and four design proposals were considered.[note 1] Ultimately, Gerhardt's design was selected, and he was given both the $250 payment and the remaining $9,750 to create the monument.[10] Gerhardt was a native of Hartford and had previously studied sculpture in Paris, having some of his works displayed in the Salon.[11] As per the contract between him and the committee signed in October 1886, he would be responsible for designing a bronze equestrian statue and accompanying stone pedestal, which would be submitted for approval by October 1, 1887, at the latest.[12]
Around the same time that Gerhardt's design was selected, the committee began to consider the location for the monument. While the letter of the law stated that the monument was to be erected "over the grave" of Putnam, some in Brooklyn opined that the cemetery where he was buried was not a sufficient location for a monument as large and costly as the one they had planned.[6][10] As a result, Putnam's descendants decided that his remains would be exhumed and buried under the monument wherever it was to be erected in Brooklyn.[10] This led to a great deal of local controversy and debate over the location,[13] with the New-York Tribune even reporting on the debates in an August 1886 article.[14] Ultimately, the committee selected a plot of land near the center of town,[13][14] just south of the town green.[3] This property was donated to the state by Brooklyn citizen Thomas Smith Marlor,[15] who also furnished the pedestal for the statue.[16] Additionally, the original stone cover for Putnam's grave was moved to safekeeping in the Connecticut State Capitol, while a replica of the stone marked the former location of the grave.[17] Putnam's remains would be reinterred under the monument in a metal coffin.[18] With the location selected and an additional $500 allocated by the town of Brooklyn for advertising and other expenses, the committee stated in a January 1887 report to the General Assembly that they expected the monument to be completed by June 17 of that year.[13] Additionally, the committee stated that the project was not expected to go over-budget and that the statue's size would be comparable to that of the equestrian statue of George Washington in New York City.[14] The statue of Putnam was cast by the Henry-Bonnard Bronze Company of New York City.[18] In May 1887, the General Assembly passed a resolution concerning the dedication for the monument, allocating $6,500 for the unveiling activities.[19] According to the Worcester Society of Antiquity, the total cost of the project was about $20,000.[16]
- ^ Haddon 1923, p. 61.
- ^ Putnam Monument Commission 1888, p. 54.
- ^ a b Jenkins 1947, p. 101.
- ^ a b Bartlett 1888, p. 279.
- ^ Bartlett 1888, pp. 279–280.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Bartlett 1888, p. 280.
- ^ a b Putnam Monument Commission 1888, p. 6.
- ^ Putnam Monument Commission 1888, p. 7.
- ^ Putnam Monument Commission 1888, pp. 7–8.
- ^ a b c d Putnam Monument Commission 1888, p. 8.
- ^ Quinby 1913, p. 8.
- ^ Putnam Monument Commission 1888, p. 11.
- ^ a b c Putnam Monument Commission 1888, p. 9.
- ^ a b c Bartlett 1888, p. 281.
- ^ Putnam Monument Commission 1888, pp. 13–15.
- ^ a b Worcester Society of Antiquity 1905, p. 202.
- ^ Haddon 1923, p. 101.
- ^ a b Smithsonian Institution Research Information System.
- ^ Putnam Monument Commission 1888, p. 16.
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