User:Donald Trung/1933 reforms of the government of the Nguyễn dynasty

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The official portrait of the Bảo Đại Emperor, taken in 1932.

The 1933 reforms of the government of the Nguyễn dynasty, also known as the Palace Revolution, were government reforms enacted by the Bảo Đại Emperor after his return to Đại Nam from France. After his return, he initially reformed the traditional customs of the court before changing the Seven Ministries of the Southern Court into 6 new French-style ministries.

Background[edit]

Initial reforms[edit]

The announced changes to the cabinet of the Nguyễn dynasty and the motivation for the changes written by the Bảo Đại Emperor, published in the Thanh Nghệ Tịnh tân văn (清乂靜新聞) newspaper on 23 June 1933.

Reshuffling of the cabinet[edit]

Outgoing cabinet[edit]

Ministry Portrait Minister
(Hán tự)		 Profession Term served Office seal
Ministry of Personnel
(吏部, Lại Bộ)		 Nguyễn Hữu Bài
(阮有排)		 Mandarin 1917–1923
Ministry of Revenue
(戶部, Hộ Bộ)		 Vacant
Ministry of Rites
(禮部, Lễ Bộ)		 Võ Liêm
(武濂)		 Mandarin 1930–1933
Ministry of War
(兵部, Binh Bộ)		 Phạm Liệu
(范燎)		 Mandarin 1929–1933
Ministry of Justice
(刑部, Hình Bộ)		 Tôn Thất Đàn
(尊室檀)		 Mandarin 1927–1933
Ministry of Public Works
(工部, Công Bộ)		 Vương Tứ Đại
(王賜大)		 Mandarin 1930–1933
Ministry of Education
(學部, Học Bộ)		 Vacant

New cabinet[edit]

Ministry Portrait Minister
(Hán tự)		 Profession Term served Office seal
Ministry of Personnel
(吏部, Lại Bộ)		 Ngô Đình Diệm
(吳廷琰)		 Mandarin 1933
Ministry of National Education
(國民教育部, Quốc dân Giáo dục Bộ)		 Phạm Quỳnh
(范瓊)		 Writer, journalist 1933–1942
Ministry of Finance and Social Relief
(財政救濟社會部, Tài chính Cứu tế Xã hội Bộ)		 Vacant
Ministry of Justice
(司法部, Tư pháp Bộ)		 Bùi Bằng Đoàn
(裴鵬摶)		 Mandarin, judge 1933–1945
Ministry of Public Works
(工政部, Công chính Bộ)		 Hồ Đắc Khải
(胡得愷)		 Mandarin 1933–1945
Ministry of Ceremonies and Fine Arts
(禮儀美術部, Lễ nghi - Mỹ thuật Bộ)		 Thái Văn Toản
(蔡文瓚)		 Mandarin, interpreter 1933

Later reforms[edit]

Reactions[edit]

Sources to use[edit]

Investigate this[edit]

Possible title[edit]

Perhaps change the name to Bảo Đại reforms, most sources simply call it the "Southern Dynasty government reforms", so it might be wise to name it after the Emperor and not just the year.

Bảo Đại navigational template[edit]

Bảo Đại cash coins distribution in the French protectorate of Tonkin[edit]

https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1411685w/f560.item.r=sap%C3%A8que

On 7 April 1934 the Resident-Mayor of Hanoi proclaimed that a total of 9.990.000 machine-struck Bảo Đại Thông Bảo cash coins have been introduced to all provinces of the French protectorate of Tonkin (excluding the provinces of ...)

Province Number of cash coins Number of crates Value in piastres
Bắc Giang 210.000 7 $350
Bắc Kạn 30.000 1 $50
Bắc Ninh 360.000 12 $600
Hà Đông 2.340.000 78 $3.900
Hải Dương 720.000 24 $1.200
Hòa Bình 30.000 1 $50
Hưng Yên 480.000 16 $800
Kiến An 240.000 8 $400
Lạng Sơn 150.000 5 $250
Nam Định 1.080.000 36 $1.800
Phủ Lý 1.200.000 40 $2000
Ninh Bình 270.000 9 $450
Phú Thọ 210.000 7 $350
Sơn La 180.000 6 $300
Sơn Tây 240.000 8 $400
Thái Bình 1.050.000 35 $1.750
Thái Nguyên 120.000 4 $200
Tuyên Quang 30.000 1 $50
Vĩnh Yên 240.000 8 $400
Yên Bái 30.000 1 $50
Móng Cái 60.000 2 $100
Lai Châu 120.000 4 $200
Hanoi 600.000 20 $1.000
Total

Images to use[edit]

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