User:Dnheff

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Welcome to Dave's User Page.

Personal Information[edit]

Personal Sandbox[edit]

Just playing around...

Test sortable table[edit]

{{Olympic Medal header|class=wikitable sortable}}
{{Olympic Medal team|bg=ccccff |p=1 |t=MGL |c=2008 Summer |g=0 |s=0 |b=101 |gb=|sb= |bb=y |tb=y }}
{{Olympic Medal team|bg=       |p=2 |t=GEO |c=2008 Summer |g=0|s=0|b=101|gb= |sb=|bb=y|tb=y }}
{{Olympic Medal team|bg=       |p=3 |t=KOR |c=2008 Summer |g=100 |s=0 |b=0 |gb=y |sb= |bb= |tb= }}
{{Olympic Medal footer}}

Rugby World Cup results[edit]

1987 Rugby World Cup[edit]

Quarter-finals		Semi-finals		Final

6 June - Lancaster Park, Christchurch

New Zealand	30
		14 June - Ballymore, Brisbane
Scotland	3
		New Zealand	49
8 June - Ballymore, Brisbane
		Wales	6
Wales	16
				20 June - Eden Park, Auckland
England	3
				New Zealand	29
7 June - Eden Park, Auckland
				France	9
France	31
		13 June - Concord Oval, Sydney
Fiji	16
		France	30
7 June - Concord Oval, Sydney
		Australia	24	Third place
Australia	33
				18 June - Rotorua International Stadium, Rotorua
Ireland	15
				Wales	22

				Australia	21

1991 Rugby World Cup[edit]

Quarter-finals		Semi-finals		Final

19 October - Murrayfield, Edinburgh

Scotland	28
		26 October - Murrayfield, Edinburgh
Western Samoa	6
		Scotland	6
19 October - Parc de Princes, Paris
		England	9
France	10
				2 November - Twickenham, London
England	19
				England	6
20 October - Stadium Lille-Metropole, Villeneuve d'Ascq
				Australia	12
New Zealand	29
		27 October - Lansdowne Road, Dublin
Canada	13
		New Zealand	6
20 October - Lansdowne Road, Dublin
		Australia	16	Third place
Australia	19
				30 October - Cardiff Arms Park, Cardiff
Ireland	18
				Scotland	6

				New Zealand	13

1995 Rugby World Cup[edit]

Quarter-finals		Semi-finals		Final

10 June - Ellis Park, Johannesburg

South Africa	42
		17 June - Kings Park Stadium, Durban
Western Samoa	14
		South Africa	19
10 June - Kings Park Stadium, Durban
		France	15
France	36
				24 June - Ellis Park, Johannesburg (a.e.t.)
Ireland	12
				South Africa	15
11 June - Newlands, Cape Town
				New Zealand	12
England	25
		18 June - Newlands, Cape Town
Australia	22
		England	29
11 June - Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria
		New Zealand	45	Third place
New Zealand	48
				22 June - Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria
Scotland	30
				France	19

				England	9

1999 Rugby World Cup[edit]

QF Playoffs			Quarter finals			Semi-finals			Final

				South Africa	44

				England	21
	England	45

	Fiji	24
							South Africa	21

							Australia	27



				Wales	9

				Australia	24



										Australia	35

										France	12



				New Zealand	30

				Scotland	18
	Scotland	35

	Samoa	20
							New Zealand	31

							France	43



				France	47

				Argentina	26
	Argentina	28

	Ireland	24

2003 Rugby World Cup[edit]

Quarter-finals		Semi-finals		Final

8 November - Telstra Dome, Melbourne

New Zealand	29
		15 November - Telstra Stadium, Sydney
South Africa	9
		New Zealand	10
8 November - Suncorp Stadium, Brisbane
		Australia	22
Australia	33
				22 November - Telstra Stadium, Sydney
Scotland	16
				Australia	17
9 November - Telstra Dome, Melbourne
				England	20
France	43
		16 November - Telstra Stadium, Sydney
Ireland	21
		France	7
9 November - Suncorp Stadium, Brisbane
		England	24	Third place
England	28
				20 November - Telstra Stadium, Sydney
Wales	17
				New Zealand	40

				France	13

2007 Rugby World Cup[edit]

Quarter Finals		Semi Finals		Final

6 October – Stade Vélodrome, Marseille

Australia	10
		13 October – Stade de France, St-Denis
England	12
		England	14
6 October – Millennium Stadium, Cardiff
		France	9
New Zealand	18
				20 October – Stade de France, St-Denis
France	20
				England	6
7 October – Stade Vélodrome, Marseille
				South Africa	15
South Africa	37
		14 October – Stade de France, St-Denis
Fiji	20
		South Africa	37
7 October – Stade de France, St-Denis
		Argentina	13	Bronze Final
Argentina	19
				19 October – Parc des Princes, Paris
Scotland	13
				France	10

				Argentina	34

2011 Rugby World Cup[edit]

Quarter Finals	Semi Finals	Final

6 October – Jade Stadium, Christchurch

England (B1)
	13 October – Eden Park, Auckland
France (A2)
	France
6 October – Jade Stadium, Christchurch
	Ireland
Ireland (C1)
		20 October – Eden Park, Auckland
Wales (D2)
		France
7 October – WestpacTrust Stadium, Wellington
		New Zealand
New Zealand (A1)
	14 October – Eden Park, Auckland
Argentina (B2)
	New Zealand
7 October – WestpacTrust Stadium, Wellington
	South Africa	Bronze Final
South Africa (D1)
		19 October – Eden Park, Auckland
Australia (C2)
		Ireland

		South Africa

Partial articles in progress[edit]

Largest tied run chases[edit]

Rank	Score	Teams	Venue	Season
1	340-7 (50 overs)	New Zealand v England	Napier	2007-2008
2	270-8 (50 overs)	South Africa v England	Bloemfontein	2004-2005
3	268 (229-6, 45 overs)	South Africa v Sri Lanka	Durban	2002-2003
4	259-9 (50 overs)	Australia v South Africa	Potchefstroom	2001-2002
5	248 (all out, 50 overs)	Zimbabwe v India	Indore	1993-1994
6	244-5 (50 overs)	West Indies v Pakistan	Georgetown	1992-1993
7	237-7 (50 overs)	New Zealand v England	Napier	1996-1997
8	233-7 (50 overs)	New Zealand v Zimbabwe	Napier	1997-1998
9	211-7 (50 overs)	Zimbabwe v Ireland	Napier	2006-2007
Source: Cricinfo.com. Last updated 20 February, 2008

List of longest standing sporting records[edit]

Athletics[edit]

Event	Score	Units	Athlete	Nationality	Location	Date
Men's 100 meters	9.69	seconds	Usain Bolt	Jamaica	Beijing, China	August 16, 2008
Women's 100 meters	340-7 (50 overs)	Usain Bolt	21/8/2008

IPA pronunciation guide[edit]

In progress. Show all IPA symbols for NZ English, taken from "English variants" page.

IPA pronunciation guide NZ English consonants[edit]

AuE = Australian English^[1]
CaE = Canadian English
GA = General American
IrE = Irish English
NZE = New Zealand English
RP = Received Pronunciation (England)^[2]
ScE = Scottish English
SAE = South African English
WaE = Welsh English

Note: An image of the chart is also available.

IPA	Examples
IPA: English Consonants
p(ʰ)	pen, spin, tip
b	but, web
t(ʰ)^[3]	two, sting, bet
d^[4]	do, odd
tʃʰ	chair, nature, teach
dʒ	gin, joy, edge
k(ʰ)	cat, kill, skin, queen, unique, thick
ɡ	go, get, beg
f	fool, enough, leaf, off, photo
v	voice, have, of
θ^[5]	thing, teeth
ð^[6]	this, breathe, father
s	see, city, pass
z	zoo, rose
ʃ	she, sure, emotion, leash
ʒ	pleasure, beige, seizure
x	Scottish loch^[7]
h	ham
m	man, ham
n	no, tin
ŋ	ringer, sing,^[8] finger, drink
l, ɫ^[9]	left, bell
ɹ(ʷ)	run, very^[10]
w	we, queen
j	yes
ʍ	what^[11]

IPA: Marginal Sounds
ʔ	uh-(ʔ)oh

IPA pronunciation guide NZ English vowels[edit]

IPA			Examples
NZ English	compromise	Lexical set	Examples
æ		TRAP	lad, bad, cat^[12]
ɐː		PALM	father
ɒ		LOT	not, wasp
oː		THOUGHT	law, caught^[13], all, halt, talk
ɘ		COMMA	about
		COMMA	English
		KIT	sit
i		HAPPY	city
iː		FLEECE	see
iː		FLEECE	meat
æe		FACE	date
æe		FACE	day, pain, whey, rein
e		DRESS	bed^[14]
ɵː(ɹ)	ɜr	NURSE	burn
			herd, earth
			bird
ɐː(ɹ)	ɑr	START	arm, car
ɐ	ʌ	STRUT	run, won, flood
ʊ	ʊ	FOOT	put
ʊ	ʊ	FOOT	hood
ʉː	uː	GOOSE	soon, through
ɘ(ɹ)	ər	LETTER	winner^[15]
ɑe	aɪ	PRICE	my, wise, high
oe	ɔɪ	CHOICE	boy, hoist
ɐʉ	oʊ	GOAT	no, toe, soap
ɐʉ	oʊ	GOAT	tow, soul, roll, cold, folk
æo	aʊ	MOUTH	now, trout
jʉː	juː	-	cute, few, dew
iə(ɹ)	ɪər	NEAR	deer, here
eə(ɹ)	ɛər	SQUARE	mare, there, bear
oː(ɹ)	ɔr	NORTH	sort, warm
oː(ɹ)	ɔər	FORCE	tore, boar, port
ʊɐ(ɹ), ʉːə(ɹ)	ʊər	CURE	tour, lure
jʊɐ(ɹ), jʉːə(ɹ)	jʊər	-	pure, Europe
NZ English	compromise	Lexical set	Examples

Other IPA symbols used for English[edit]

IPA: Other symbols used in transcription of English pronunciation
IPA	Explanation
ˈ	Primary stress indicator (placed before the stressed syllable); for example, rapping /ˈɹæpɪŋ/
ˌ	Secondary stress/full vowel indicator (placed before the stressed syllable); for example, battleship /ˈbætl̩ˌʃɪp/
.	Syllable separation indicator; for example, ice cream /ˈaɪs.krim/ vs. I scream /aɪ.ˈskrim/
̩	Syllabic consonant indicator (placed under the syllabic consonant); for example, ridden /ˈɹɪdn̩/

IPA pronunciation guide for Japanese vowels[edit]

Japanese has 5 vowels:

Hiragana	IPA	Notes
あ	[a̠]	This is a low central vowel, it is between the English a in "father" and the English a in "dad".
い	[i]	This sounds like the English ee in "feet."
う	[ü͍]	listen^ⓘ This is a somewhat centralized close back compressed vowel, pronounced with the lips compressed toward each other but neither rounded like [u] nor spread to the sides like [ɯ]. Note, however, that there is no IPA symbol for lip compression, and the combination of round vowel with spread diacritic "[u͍]" is an ad hoc transcription.
え	[e̞]	The e sounds to English speakers like a mix between short e in as in "bed," and long e as in "lay," though it is closer to the former than the latter.
お	[o̞]	listen^ⓘ This is a pure o, unlike the English one, which is a diphthong. The tongue is kept lowered while pronouncing the Japanese o, and the lips are mostly kept from moving.

IPA pronunciation guide for Japanese consonants[edit]

Note that this table does not cover the consonants /g/, /d/, /z/, /b/, or /p/. Please see below for other details.

Hiragana	IPA	Notes
か,き,く,け,こ	[k a], [ki], [ku͍], [ke̞], [ko̞]	This is a voiceless stop. It is slightly aspirated: less aspirated than English stops, but more so than Spanish.
さ,す,せ,そ	[sa], [su͍], [se], [so]	This is a laminal alveolar sound.
し	[ɕi]	This is an alveolo-palatal sound.
た,て,と	[ta], [te], [to]	This is a voiceless stop, it is slightly aspirated: less aspirated than English stops, but more so than Spanish. This sound is laminal denti-alveolar (that is, the blade of the tongue contacts the back of the upper teeth and the front part of the alveolar ridge)
ち	[t̠͡ɕi]
つ	[t͡su͍]
な,ぬ,ね,の	[na], [nu͍], [ne], [no]
に	[ɲi]
は,へ,ほ	[ha], [he], [ho]
ひ	[çi]
ふ	[ɸu͍]
ま,み,む,め,も	[ma], [mi], [mu͍], [me], [mo]
や,ゆ,よ	[ja], [ju͍], [jo]
る,ろ	[ɺu͍], [ɺo]	The flap tends to be lateral before back vowels, especially [o]
り,れ	[ɾi], [ɾe]	The flap tends to be central before front vowels, especially [i]
ら	[ɺa] ~ [ɾa]	The flap tends to be especially ambiguous as to centrality before [a]
わ	[ɰ͡β̞a]	Pronounced with compressed rather than rounded lips. The kana ゐゑを wi we wo are pronounced as vowels, [i], [e], [o]
ん	[n]	Before [d], [n], or [t]. This sound is laminal denti-alveolar (that is, the blade of the tongue contacts the back of the upper teeth and the front part of the alveolar ridge)
	[m]	before [b], [p] or [m].
	[ŋ]	Before [k], [ɡ], or [ŋ].
	[ũ͍]	Between [a] and [o] or before [s].
	[ĩ]	Between [i] and [o].
	[ɴ]	At the end of an utterance.

IPA pronunciation guide for Russian consonants[edit]

IPA	Examples	IPA	Examples
Consonants
b	бок; небо	bʲ	белого; воробей
ɕɕ	щегол; считать; мужчина; вращать ^[16]
d	дом; деда	dʲ	делает; Владимир
f	фата; выставка;^[17] Чехов;^[18] шурф	fʲ	фея; червь^[18]
ɡ	говорю; другой	ɡʲ	гербарий; ноги
j	есть; юла; я; толстый ^[19]
k	кость; рука; бок	kʲ	кишки; короткий
l	луна; стула ; ствол^[20]	lʲ	лес; колено; мысль
m	мыло; думать; там	mʲ	мясо; доме
n	нос; женщина; он	nʲ	нёс; они; корень
p	пыль; стопа; скрип; зуб^[18]	pʲ	пепел
r	рыба; широкий; орла; жир	rʲ	река; четыре; три; зверь
s	собака; писать; нос; глаз^[18]	sʲ	синего; здесь; есть; грызть^[17]
ʂ	широкий; наш; хороший; муж;^[18] что
tɕ	чей; печень; течь
ts	цель; птица; отец
t	тот; читаю; водка;^[17] лёд^[18]	tʲ	тереть; дитя; грудь^[18]
v	ваш; давать; его^[21]	vʲ	вести; человек
x	ходить; ухо; бог^[22]	xʲ	хина; лёгких^[17]^[22]
z	заезжать; язык	zʲ	зелёный; озеро; просьба;^[17] зверь
ʐ	жест; тяжёлый
ʑʑ	сжимать; заезжать

^ Harrington, J., F. Cox, and Z. Evans (1997). "An acoustic phonetic study of broad, general, and cultivated Australian English vowels". Australian Journal of Linguistics. 17: 155–84.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Roach, 2004 & 241-243. See Pronunciation respelling for English#International Phonetic Alphabet for the alternative system devised by Clive Upton for Oxford University Press dictionaries.
^ Pronounced [ɾ] in some positions in GA, [ʔ] in some positions in English English, and [t̞] non-initially in Irish.
^ Pronounced [ɾ] in some positions in GA.
^ Pronounced [t̪] in some varieties of Irish and merges with /f/ in some varieties of English English.
^ Pronounced [d̪] in some varieties of Irish and merges with /v/ in some varieties of English English.
^ Marginal elsewhere.
^ In some dialects (e.g. Brummie) "ringer", "sing" etc are pronounced with an additional /ɡ/, like "finger": /ˈɹɪŋɡə/ rather than /ˈɹɪŋə/
^ [ɫ] does not occur in Irish English, and [l] does not occur in Australian or Scottish English.
^ The tap [ɾ] is found in some varieties of Scottish and Irish.
^ Some dialects, such as Scottish, Irish, and much of the American South; see whine and wine and voiceless labiovelar approximant
^ Often transcribed /a/ for RP, for example in dictionaries of the Oxford University Press.
^ See low back merger for more discussion of this vowel in American English.
^ Often transcribed /e/ for RP, for example in Collins English Dictionary.
^ Sometimes transcribed for GA as [əɹ], especially in transcriptions that represent both rhotic and non-rhotic pronunciations, as [ə(ɹ)].
^ While some speakers pronounce words with <щ> as [ɕɕ] and some as [ɕtɕ], none contrast the two pronunciations, even in words where this sound is spelled with other letters.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e In consonant clusters, the voicing or devoicing is determined by that of the final obstruent in the sequence (Halle 1959:31)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Voiced obstruents (/b/, /bʲ/, /d/, /dʲ/ /ɡ/, /v/, /vʲ/, /z/, /zʲ/, /ʐ/, and /ʑʑ/) are devoiced word-finally unless the next word begins with a voiced obstruent (Halle 1959:22).
^ The "soft" vowel letters <е> <ю> and <я> represent a /j/ plus a vowel when initial or following other vowels or a yer. When such vowels are unstressed, the /j/ may be deleted.
^ /l/ is often strongly pharyngealized but this feature is nondistinctive (Ladefoged & Maddieson 1996:187-188).
^ Intervocalic <г> can represent /v/ in certain words and affixes
^ ^a ^b When /ɡ/ loses its voicing, it is also lenited

[1] Harrington, J., F. Cox, and Z. Evans (1997). "An acoustic phonetic study of broad, general, and cultivated Australian English vowels". Australian Journal of Linguistics. 17: 155–84.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[2] Roach, 2004 & 241-243. See Pronunciation respelling for English#International Phonetic Alphabet for the alternative system devised by Clive Upton for Oxford University Press dictionaries.

[3] Pronounced [ɾ] in some positions in GA, [ʔ] in some positions in English English, and [t̞] non-initially in Irish.

[4] Pronounced [ɾ] in some positions in GA.

[5] Pronounced [t̪] in some varieties of Irish and merges with /f/ in some varieties of English English.

[6] Pronounced [d̪] in some varieties of Irish and merges with /v/ in some varieties of English English.

[7] Marginal elsewhere.

[8] In some dialects (e.g. Brummie) "ringer", "sing" etc are pronounced with an additional /ɡ/, like "finger": /ˈɹɪŋɡə/ rather than /ˈɹɪŋə/

[9] [ɫ] does not occur in Irish English, and [l] does not occur in Australian or Scottish English.

[r-10] The tap [ɾ] is found in some varieties of Scottish and Irish.

[11] Some dialects, such as Scottish, Irish, and much of the American South; see whine and wine and voiceless labiovelar approximant

[oxforda-12] Often transcribed /a/ for RP, for example in dictionaries of the Oxford University Press.

[cotcaught-13] See low back merger for more discussion of this vowel in American English.

[collinse-14] Often transcribed /e/ for RP, for example in Collins English Dictionary.

[r-colored_schwa-15] Sometimes transcribed for GA as [əɹ], especially in transcriptions that represent both rhotic and non-rhotic pronunciations, as [ə(ɹ)].

[16] While some speakers pronounce words with <щ> as [ɕɕ] and some as [ɕtɕ], none contrast the two pronunciations, even in words where this sound is spelled with other letters.

[voice-17] In consonant clusters, the voicing or devoicing is determined by that of the final obstruent in the sequence (Halle 1959:31)

[devoice-18] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Voiced obstruents (/b/, /bʲ/, /d/, /dʲ/ /ɡ/, /v/, /vʲ/, /z/, /zʲ/, /ʐ/, and /ʑʑ/) are devoiced word-finally unless the next word begins with a voiced obstruent (Halle 1959:22).

[19] The "soft" vowel letters <е> <ю> and <я> represent a /j/ plus a vowel when initial or following other vowels or a yer. When such vowels are unstressed, the /j/ may be deleted.

[20] /l/ is often strongly pharyngealized but this feature is nondistinctive (Ladefoged & Maddieson 1996:187-188).

[g-21] Intervocalic <г> can represent /v/ in certain words and affixes

[g2-22] When /ɡ/ loses its voicing, it is also lenited

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