User:CaliforniaAliBaba/Sandbox

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Vietnamese people in Poland[edit]

Vietnamese people in Poland
Wietnamczycy w Polsce
Regions with significant populations
?
Languages
?
Related ethnic groups
Overseas Vietnamese

Vietnamese people in Poland[1]

Many began as vendors in the bazaar at the 10th-Anniversary Stadium selling clothes or cheap food; As of 2005, there were between 1,100 and 1,200 Vietnamese-owned stands in the area. Members of the public commonly hold the mistaken belief that Vietnamese form Poland's largest foreign community, a title which in fact belongs to migrants from the former USSR.[2]

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Grzymala-Kazlowska 2002, p. 1
  2. ^ Bartoszewicz, Dariusz; Kwaśniewski, Tomasz (2005-10-06), "Wietnamczycy - czym zajmują się w Warszawie", Gazeta Stołeczna, retrieved 2009-06-02

Sources[edit]

Further reading[edit]

[[Category:Ethnic groups in Poland]] [[Category:Overseas Vietnamese groups|Poland]] [[pl:Wietnamczycy w Polsce]]

French people in Senegal[edit]

French people in Senegal

There is a small community of French people in Senegal, reflecting Senegal's history under France's rule as a part of French West Africa.

Migration history[edit]

During the period of French rule, there were almost no official controls on settlement by French nationals into the colonies. The European community of Dakar was dominated by the French, but also including whites from outside of France. The community was marked by significant divisions of social class: in particular, French men in the colonial administration looked down on the rest of the European population.[2]

Aside from the administrators, the French population in Senegal during the period between the world wars contained rich merchant families from Bordeaux as well as smaller traders and their employees, as well as a large transient population of missionaries and travellers. French people required no identity cards or passports to travel in Senegal, making it easy to assume false identities and creating significant difficulties in policing them.[3] Administrators expressed frustration with the influx of criminals and other "undesirables" from metropolitan France, which ran counter to what they saw as the French "civilising mission" to present "morally upright" role models for Africans to emulate.[4]

When Senegal achieved independence in 1960, there were estimated to be 40,000 French people in the country, three-fourths in Dakar alone. Though Dakar in particular featured a far higher proportion of non-indigenous population than many surrounding African countries in which racial conflict had become apparent, inter-ethnic relations there were characterised by an "apparent absence of any colour problem" .[5] It had been expected that most French would soon return to France after independence, but a decade later, there were still 29,000 living in the country, involved with French aid and capital investment; their presence reflected the continued dependence of France's African colonies on the métropole.[6]

By the 21st century, Senegal had also become home to an increasing population of poor and even destitute French expatriates. Taking advantage of low-cost air travel, they arrived in Senegal as sight-seers but then remained in the country due to the relatively lax entry requirements, and cut off their ties with French society. Some of them developed health issues such as meningoencephalitis, staphylococcal infection of the skin, and the like, worsened by their failure or inability to seek medical attention.[7]

Politics[edit]

9,517 French expatriates came to polling stations in Dakar to vote in the French presidential election, 2007.[8]

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ^ Données socio-démographiques sur les Français expatriés au 31 décembre 2010, Senate of France, retrieved 2011-06-24
  2. ^ Keller 2008, p. 108
  3. ^ Keller 2008, p. 107–108
  4. ^ Keller 2008, p. 109
  5. ^ Crowder 1962, p. 81
  6. ^ O'Brien 1974, p. 85
  7. ^ Perret et al. 2000, p. 375
  8. ^ Mbengue, Cheikh Tidiane (2007-04-23), "Sénégal: election presidentielle francaise 2007 a dakar", Sud Quotidien, retrieved 2011-06-24

Bibliography[edit]

Further reading[edit]

[[Category:Ethnic groups in Senegal| ]] [[Category:French diaspora|Senegal]]

TCRC fonts in Ubuntu[edit]

By Tenzinmonlam (talk · contribs). Deleted from mainspace and saved here. He says he tested it under Ubuntu 10.4 and Xbuntu 9.10.

Ubuntu 9.10 steps:

  1. Install tibetan packages:
    sudo apt-get install ttf-tmuni
     
    This will install TibetanMachineUni.ttf font and other packages.
  2. Download this file and extract it.
  3. Now open a terminal follow this steps:
    cd Download/tcrclinux
    sh tcrc_setup.sh
  4. Now copy the TCRC fonts into the fonts folder.
    • Press F2 key on the keyboard.
    • Type gksu nautilus into the box and hit enter.
    • Navigate to /usr/share/fonts/truetype (screenshot: [1])
    • Now create a folder and named it tcrc.
    • You will need to copy the TCRC font and paste it on the tcrc folder which you just have created.
    • Close the nautilus (file manager).
  5. Open the terminal again and type:
    sudo fc-cache -v
     
    This command will refresh the fonts directory and make it available for use without system reboot or logout.
  6. For the last step, add the TCRC keyboard layout. Click on System > Preferences > Keyboard (screenshot: [2])

Afghans in China[edit]

Nigerians in Ghana[edit]

  • Sudarhasa, Niara (1979), "From Stranger to Alien: The Socio-Political History of the Nigerian Yoruba in Ghana, 1900-1970", in Shack, William A.; Skinner, Elliott P. (eds.), Strangers in African Societies, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, ISBN 9780520038127
  • Eades, Jeremy (1993), Strangers and Traders: Yoruba migrants, markets and the state in Ghana, International African Library, vol. 11, Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 9780748603862
  • Bosiakoh, Thomas Antwi (2009), "Understanding Migration Motivations: The Case of Nigerians in Ghana", Legon Journal of Sociology, 3 (2): 93–112

Lebanese people in Nigeria[edit]

Chinese people in Togo[edit]

Cuban migration to Jamaica[edit]

Soviet Koreans in North Korea[edit]

Though it was common in most of the newly Communist countries of the Eastern Bloc to receive Soviet-educated personnel who were from the country or had ancestral ethnic connections there, in North Korea such returned members of national diaspora played a more important role than in other countries.[1] There were four main groups of Soviet Koreans in Korea: those sent for intelligence work during the Japanese colonial period, the Red Army personnel who arrived in 1945–6, civilian advisors and teachers who arrived in 1946–8, and individuals who repatriated from the Soviet Union to North Korea for personal reasons.[2]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Lankov 2002, p. 111
  2. ^ Lankov 2002, p. 112

Sources[edit]

Sakha-German School[edit]

The Sakha-German School (Саха-немецкая школа) is a school in Yakutsk, Sakha Republic. It was established in 2001 as a branch of the Yakutsk State National Gymnasium (Якутской городской национальной гимназии).[1]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Бриз, Татиана (2004-11-19), "Останется ли немецкая школа в Якутске?/Will the German school in Yakutsk remain?", Якутск вечерний, retrieved 2010-09-01

Labuan Business Activity Tax Act[edit]

The Labuan Business Activity Tax Act (LBATA), formerly the Labuan Offshore Business Activity Tax (LOBATA), is a Malaysian law originally passed in 1990, then amended and renamed in 2010 in response to OECD pressure. It governs the taxation of companies incorporated in Labuan.

Some of Malaysia's treaties for the avoidance of double taxation explicitly exclude entities which are taxed under the LBATA. The treaties with Australia and Japan were amended to effect such an exclusion; South Korea has also repeatedly requested this exclusion, after Newbridge Capital was able to avoid capital gains tax on its purchase and subsequent sale of Korea First Bank (now part of SC First Bank) after the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, by using a Labuan-based entity.

External links[edit]

[[Category:1990 in law]] [[Category:Laws of Malaysia]] [[Category:1990 in Malaysia]]

Names table for Changkya Khutukhtu[edit]

Mongolian name
Cyrillic Зангиа Хутагт
Transliteration Jangia Hutagt
Mongolian script ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭᠲᠤ
Transliteration Qutugtu
Tibetan name
Tibetan script ལྕང་སྐྱ་ཧོ་ཐོག་ཐུ།
Wylie transliteration lcang-skya ho-thog-thu
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese 章嘉呼圖克圖
Pinyin Zhāngjiā Hūtúkètú

Cleanup of Korean people categories[edit]

Category:Korean emigrants to the United States --- figure out the Korean names and dates of birth/emigration
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