User:Bucl003/sandbox

Week 13 Improving my article

This image come from a specimen in the Pacific Lutheran University natural history collection. It shows that rabbits hind limbs are very long. Due to this they are in a compressed when they are not in motion. This then allows them to expand and produce a lot of force so they can move at high speeds.

Thermoregulation is the process that an organism utilizes to maintain an optimal body temperature even if there are severe external conditions. In a rabbit, the optimal body temperature is around 21℃. If their body temperature exceeds or does not meet this optimal temperature, the rabbit must return to homeostasis. Homeostasis of body temperature is maintained by the use of their large, highly vascularized ears that are able to change the amount of blood flow that passes through the ears.

Jackrabbits have large vascularized ears that allow them to maintain optimal body temperature with in an arid environment.

Constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the ears are used to control the core body temperature of a rabbit. If the core temperature exceeds its optimal temperature greatly, blood flow is constricted to limit the amount of blood going through the vessels. With this constriction, there is only a limited amount of blood that is passing through the ears where ambient heat would be able to heat the blood that is flowing through the ears and therefore, increasing the body temperature. Constriction is also used when the ambient temperature is much lower than that of the rabbit's core body temperature. When the ears are constricted it again limits blood flow through the ears to conserve the optimal body temperature of the rabbit. If the ambient temperature is either 15 degrees above or below the optimal body temperature, the blood vessels will dilate. With the blood vessels being enlarged, the blood is able to pass through the large surface area which causes it to either heat or cool down.

During the summer, the rabbit has the capability to stretch its pinnae which allows for greater surface area and increase heat dissipation. In the winter, the rabbit does the opposite and folds its ears in order to decrease its surface area to the ambient air which would decrease their body temperature.

The jackrabbit has the largest ears within the Oryctolagus cuniculus group. Their ears contribute to 17% of their total body surface area. Their large pinna were evolved to maintain homeostasis while in the extreme temperatures of the desert.

***I went in and edited the rabbit talk page and erased the redundant sentence which I believe was put in with miscommunication. I have put my plans on the talk page about editing out the brief section of thermoregulation under the morphology section to add my paragraphs.

***I also added what rabbits do in the summer time to respond to the high temperatures.

Week 11: Photo

Jackrabbits have large vascularized ears that allow them to maintain optimal body temperature within an arid environment

When looking at creative commons, I am only able to find photos of the rabbit's overall ear that provides the ability to carry out thermoregulation. I inserted a photo in my revised draft of the jack rabbits ears. There are no photos on the public domain when looking up rabbit thermoregulation or pinna. I think I should add this photo instead because it shows the blood vessels more clearly in the photo than the one I already used. This image is a photo used on the Wikipedia page Hare. I believe that this adds to the article because readers are able to visualize the large vascularized ears that jack rabbits have. I was unable to use the dissection rabbit for photos because it is a domesticated rabbit that does not have to rely greatly on their ears to maintain optimal body temperature so they do not have the highly vascularized ears that jack rabbits need.

For final revisions, both Natalia and I have to determine where my specific section fits into her broad overview of the rabbit's ears.

Organism is classified as a rabbit and characterized by inhabiting typically temperate climates as well as possessing shorter ears and hindlimbs.

Organism is classified as a hare and characterized by inhabiting warmer climates as well as possessing longer hindlimbs and ears.

For thermoregulation section for the Rabbit page: I have selected three different images to utilize for my draft where the first two pictures would be utilized in the introduction to show the physical differences between a hare and a rabbit. Images from our dissection animal were not utilized because the organism is a domestic rabbit and does not rely on their ears as much for fleeing predators or thermoregulation. The third photo shows the muscles interacting in the mammalian ear in general to help the read visualize where all the muscles lie. I could not find any free license or public domain images of muscles in a rabbit's ear therefore the image of the hare was utilized from the scrub hare wiki page, the image of the rabbit was utilized from the Rabbit shopes papilloma virus.jpg wiki image provided in stock, and the anatomy of the mammalian ear was utilized from the anatomy and physiology of animals The ear.jpg wiki image.

Anatomy of mammalian ear

Padfoot (talk) 16:33, 24 April 2018 (UTC)

When looking for pictures of rabbit's skeletal hind limbs I couldn't find any thing. There was nothing in the creative commons or on the pubic domain. The pictures I did find were not of actual skeletons just illustrations. I decided to take my own picture using the specimens in the natural history museum in class. I believe this shows very well how rabbits hind limbs are compressed when not in motion. This allows them to expand and produce a powerful hopping form of locomotion. This will help readers better visualize what I am trying to say in my article. This picture however does not show how rabbits use just the tips of their toes when hopping. Which is something I talk about in my article.ReallyCaffeinated (talk) 17:04, 24 April 2018 (UTC)

It was particularly challenging finding a photo that worked well for my contribution to the rabbit. I could not find anything on the rabbit hind leg musculature. Since other resources did not have what I was looking for, I decided it would be beneficial to take my own photos in lab after dissecting the hind limbs. I believe this image will supplement the article because: 1). there were limited photos to begin with so I will be contributing more photos to a large data base and 2). it will help readers to further understand the anatomy of the rabbit with a visual component. LuteMJS (talk) 17:08, 24 April 2018 (UTC)

Week 10: Revised Draft

Thermoregulation:

Add to rabbit page. Thermoregulation is the process that an organism utilizes to maintain an optimal body temperature even if there are severe external conditions. In a rabbit, the optimal body temperature is around 21℃. If their body temperature exceeds or does not meet this optimal temperature, the rabbit must return to homeostasis. Homeostasis of body temperature is maintained by the use of their large, highly vascularized ears that are able to change the amount of blood flow that passes through the ears.

Jackrabbits have large vascularized ears that allow them to maintain optimal body temperature with in an arid environment.

Constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the ears are used to control the core body temperature of a rabbit. If the core temperature exceeds its optimal temperature greatly, blood flow is constricted to limit the amount of blood going through the vessels. With this constriction, there is only a limited amount of blood that is passing through the ears where ambient heat would be able to heat the blood that is flowing through the ears and therefore, increasing the body temperature. Constriction is also used when the ambient temperature is much lower than that of the rabbit's core body temperature. When the ears are constricted it again limits blood flow through the ears to conserve the optimal body temperature of the rabbit. If the ambient temperature is either 15 degrees above or below the optimal body temperature, the blood vessels will dilate. With the blood vessels being enlarged, the blood is able to pass through the large surface area which causes it to either heat or cool down.

The jackrabbit has the largest ears within the Oryctolagus cuniculus group. Their ears contribute to 17% of their total body surface area. Their large pinna were evolved to maintain homeostasis while in the extreme temperatures of the desert. Bucl003 (talk) 20:01, 13 April 2018 (UTC)

Introduction to the ears:

Organism classified as a rabbit and denoted by temperate climate as well as shorter ears and hindlimbs.

Organism classified as a rabbit and denoted by temperate climate as well as shorter ears and hindlimbs. The order lagomorphs contain species with adaptions to their anatomical structures whose functions work to help detect and avoid predators. In black tail jack rabbits their long ears cover a great surface area relative to their body size that allows them to detect predators from farther away. In the cotton tailed rabbit, their ears are smaller and shorter which make them have predators be closer to detect them before they flee. In the family leporidae the ears are typically longer than they are wide. Evolution has favored larger rabbits to have shorter ears so the larger surface area does not cause them to lose heat in more temperate regions. The opposite can be seen in rabbits that live in hotter climates, namely because they possess longer ears that help with larger surface area dispersing heat as well as due to the theory that sound does not travel as well in more arid air, opposed to cooler air. Therefore longer ears are meant to aid the organism in detecting prey sooner rather than later in warmer temperatures. The rabbit is characterized by its shorter ears and hindlimbs while hares are characterized by longer ears and longer hindlimbs. Rabbits ears are an important structure to aid in not only in thermoregulation but also in detecting predators due to how the outer, middle, and inner ear muscles coordinate with one another. The ear muscles also aid in maintaining balance and movement when fleeing predators. Organism classified as a hare and denoted by inhabiting warmer climates as well as possessing longer ears and hindlimbs.

Organism classified as a hare and denoted by inhabiting warmer climates as well as possessing longer ears and hindlimbs.

Outer ear (muscles):

The rabbits hind limb (lateral view) includes muscles involved in the quadriceps and hamstrings.

The Auricle (anatomy), also known as the pinna is a rabbit's outer ear. The rabbit's body surface is mainly taken up by the pinnae. Their ears, utilized for thermoregulation (particularly the pinnae) contain a vascular network and arteriovenous shunts. It is theorized that the ears aid in losing heat at temperatures above 30°C, with rabbits in warmer climates having longer pinnae due to this. Another theory is that the ears function as shock absorbers that could aid in their vision when running away from predators, but this case has typically only been seen in hares. The rest of the outer ear has bent canals that lead to the eardrum or tympanic membrane.

Middle ear (muscles):

The middle ear is filled with three bones called ossicles and is separated by the outer eardrum in the back of the rabbit's skull.The three ossicles are called hammer, anvil, and stirrup and act as a barrier to the inner ear for sound energy, with muscles in the middle ear acting to decrease sound before it hits the inner ear.

Inner ear (muscles):

Inner ear fluid called endolymph receives the sound energy. Later, within the inner ear there are two parts: cochlea, which utilizes sound waves from the ossicles. and the vestibular apparatus which manages the rabbit's position in regards to movement. Within the cochlea there is a basilar membrane that contains sensory hair structures utilized to send nerve signals to the brain so it can recognize different sound frequencies. Within the vestibular apparatus the rabbit possesses three semicircular canals to help detect angular motion. Padfoot (talk) 16:27, 24 April 2018 (UTC)

Hind limb elements:

The anatomy of rabbits hind limbs are structurally similar to that of other land mammals and contribute to their specialized form of locomotion. The Bones of the hind limbs consist of long bones the femur, tibia, fibula, and phalanges as well as short bones the tarsals. These bones are created through Endochondral ossification during development. Like most land mammals the round head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the ox coxae. The femur then articulates with the tibia but not the fibula witch is fused to the tibia. The tibia and fibula articulate with the tarsals of the pes commonly called the foot. The hind limbs of the rabbit are longer than the front limbs. This allows them to produce their hopping form of locomotion. Longer hind limbs are more capable of producing faster speeds. Hares witch have longer legs then Cottontail rabbits abel to move considerably faster. Rabbits stay just on their toes when moving this is called Digitigrade locomotion. The hind feet have four long toes that allow for this and are webbed to prevent them from spreading when hopping. Rabbits do not have paw pads on their feet like most other animals that use digitigrade locomotion, instead they have coarse compressed hair that offer protection. ReallyCaffeinated (talk) 16:10, 24 April 2018 (UTC)

Rabbits have muscled hind legs that allow for maximum force, maneuverability, and acceleration that is divided into three main parts; foot, thigh, and leg. The hind limbs of a rabbit are an exaggerated feature, that are much longer than the forelimbs providing more force. Rabbits run on their toes to gain the optimal stride during locomotion. The force put out by the hind limbs is contributed to both the structural anatomy of the fusion tibia and fibula, and muscular features. Bone formation and removal, from a cellular standpoint, is directly correlated to hind limb muscles. Action pressure from muscles creates force that is then distributed through the skeletal structures. Rabbits that generate less force, putting less stress on bones are more prone to osteoporosis due to bone rarefaction. In rabbits, the more fibers in a muscle, the more resistant to fatigue. For example, hares have a greater resistant to fatigue than cottontails. The muscles of rabbit's hind limbs can be classified into four main categories: hamstrings, quadriceps, dorsiflexors, or plantar flexors. The quadricep muscles are in charge of force production when jumping. Complimenting these muscles are the hamstrings which aid in short bursts of action. These muscles play off of one another in the same way as the plantar flexors and doriflexors, contributing to the generation and actions associated with force.

LuteMJS (talk) 16:21, 24 April 2018 (UTC)

Week 9: Peer review suggestions

Jack rabbits have large vascularized ears that allow them to maintain optimal body temperature while in arid environments.

Photos: For photos for the hind legs we are planning on dissecting the rabbits hind legs and then label the photos with structures that we have used in our discussion. For the ear, we would also take dissected photos of the blood vessels since there are no public domains with photos of the blood vessels of the ear.

Thermoregulation: Everyone commented that this section was put together well and did not have any questions about. One peer recommended to put a section about whether or not the structure of the pinna differs in rabbits of different environments. I found that when a rabbit is in a cold environment, their ear vessels will constrict to reduce the amount of heat loss. As seen in Jackrabbits that reside in the dessert, they have very large ears with a large surface area. When the rabbit is able to find shade, the blood vessels will widen via vasodilation which increases circulation of the warm blood which allows heat to escape and cooling of the rabbit.

Further Investigation: We discussed in lab that we could talk about the muscles of the ear that contribute to the wide range of movement that they have in their ears. The rabbit's ear is stated to be able to rotate up to 270 degrees to detect sound. We will also dissect the hind legs to be able to take photos. We will also dissect the ear to look at the blood vessels while keeping one undissected so we are able to compare the two together. Bucl003 (talk) 18:46, 8 April 2018 (UTC)

Overall, I was very satisfied with my groups feedback. I was happy to see that all of our topics seemed organized and well written. Some of the reviewers talked about lack of images and my group has discussed this and plans to add images as we go through the dissection process. Images will be implemented in the near future. One reviewer thought that moving some information about what types of muscles contribute to the hind leg to the beginning of my draft would be better. upon review, I think for my original plan remained a better option with what else I planned organization wise. I think we need to sit down as a team however and start weaving our drafts in to make a more cohesive draft rather than individual paragraphs. I think we did well on our first drafts and have a solid foundation.

LuteMJS (talk) 03:33, 9 April 2018 (UTC)

Suggestions made by my peers:

-Overall, peers did not denote any red flags noting improper grammar, syntax, or a non-neutral point of view

-notes of equal contribution from all group mates were brought forth

-organizing our group sandbox was noted by fellow peers and Dr. Schutz which can be implemented in the future by coordinating with our group mates more and executing it with headings for topics and author contributions. I do believe this was a good suggestion to implement:

Contributions by Natalia: Pinnae

Contributions by Heather: Thermoregulation

Contributions by Maddi: Hindlimbs

Contributions by Bennett: Hindlimbs

-one comment was about linking pinnae to a wiki site but it was noted in draft #1 that it is also known as the auricle and was already linked. Though I do believe it'd be a good idea to link the four main muscles Bennett talks about: "the muscles of rabbit's hind limbs can be classified into four main categories: hamstrings, quadriceps, dorsiflexors, or plantarflexors."

-In our lab group we talked about taking pictures of the dissected hindlimbs and labeling the four major muscles to include to our wiki page utilizing the bones of the hindlimbs I linked in our draft #1 as a comparison/note guide. Dissecting the ears to look at blood vessels as well as the outer, middle, and inner ear would also have photos taken of it. Besides our group initially talking about taking these photos, it was a well received suggestion from a peer. Thus as [[User:Bucl003]] mentions in their sandbox, we would utilize photos taken from our dissected rabbit to be used in our wiki page, with the image of the rabbit skull that I linked in our draft #1 could also be used as a comparison.

-what to add to muscles of the ear: The rest of the outer ear has bent canals that lead to the eardrum or tympanic membrane. The middle ear is filled with three bones called ossicles and is separated by the outer eardrum in the back of the rabbit's skull.The three ossicles are called hammer, anvil and stirrup and act as a barrier to the inner ear for sound energy, with muscles in the middle ear acting to decrease sound before it hits the inner ear. Padfoot (talk) 16:51, 10 April 2018 (UTC)

Comments from Dr. Schutz:

• Great job being thorough in your response to reviews. This will help you greatly as you develop that second draft.
• As you work through your drafts, be sure to use the rubric I provided to guide you
• I like the idea of planning your contribution and the headings you will use
• Some dissection suggestions:

-Go back to your cat. It has the same muscles (in slightly different proportions) but they are somewhat better preserved. That may assist you if you are having trouble identifying them on your specimen. -Ears and muscles that control them. See above. If you are having issues, go to the cat. Same muscles, better preservation. -Do yourselves a favor and look for OLD publications on your animal! See the rules about public domain. A quick search led me to this book published in 1910:https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Wp2rYrsztCoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Rabbit+anatomy&ots=pFCaD59IV_&sig=CWPFJoi-PFMJJfF8QZQl3260mvM#v=onepage&q=Rabbit%20anatomy&f=false

Week 7:Suggestions

Pigeon:

I would suggest making your information into sentences, paragraphs instead of simply bulleting points since you will receive more feedback on how to structure your sentences, etc.

Neck: This is a good start to a draft, and all data of the neck anatomy is backed up by function that the specific anatomy contributes to.  You could possibly add in photos of the neck anatomy.

Muscles: The bullet points do not outline a draft of your final paper.  There are no citations and photos could be added so viewers can see what muscles are listed since the general public won’t know specific muscle locations.  A link could possibly be added to each muscle if there is a Wiki page already created on that muscle. Also link the specific page that you will be contributing to.

Feathers: This also could be put into full sentences so that you can receive more feedback on your structure.  Photos of feathers could be added from the internet or as you said just wait to upload photos once you begin to dissect.  There are no citations in the draft where you gathered your information from.

***There was no draft written about the vertebral column of the pigeon which was outlined in the game plan.  I’m not sure if this individual wrote about the feathers instead or did not contribute to the assignment.

Gar:

Overall there is good supporting material for the Gar wiki page. There is an extension on points already discussed in the main article which will develop the piece more.

Toxicity: Instead of saying what you would like/plan on doing, make the piece more into a draft that you would publish onto the Wiki page so that you can receive feedback which could improve the overall structure and grammar of your piece as well as feedback on the facts.  Also use direct links to other Wiki pages so that people could view those pages as well.  Also there are no citations in this piece besides the photo.

Swim Bladder: I think this is a great addition to the original piece.  The reading is a little wordy which made me have to read the sentence twice in order to cut out some unneeded words.  Also add in direct links to other wiki pages such as swim bladder so that readers can go read that Wiki page to receive more information. Your sources used are very helpful!

Anatomy:  More details could be added such as the advantages of these appendages, are they similar to other fish? You could go into much more detail about the function of the fins.  The photo would be a really good idea especially if you were able to point to the specific parts.

Distribution: This section was very simple and to the point on where to find gar’s today and this will add to the overall article very well.

Week 6: Group's first draft

The Auricle (anatomy), also known as the pinna is a rabbit's outer ear as depicted by Fig. 1 to add an example to User:Bucl003/sandbox.

The bones (humerus, radius-ulna, and paws) involved in the hindlimbs can be added to [[User:ReallyCaffeinated]] example by utilizing Fig. 29.18 or what would be our Fig. 2.

The rabbit's body surface is mainly taken up by the pinnae. Their ears, utilized for thermoregulation (particularly the pinnae) contain a vascular network and arteriovenous shunts. It is theorized that the ears aid in losing heat at temperatures above 30°C, with rabbits in warmer climates having longer pinnae due to this. Another theory is that the ears function as shock absorbers that could aid in their vision when running away from predators, but this case has typically only been seen in hares. [[User:Cortez713|Padfoot]] ([[User talk:Cortez713|talk]]) 06:04, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

Thermoregulation is the process that an organism uses to maintain an optimal body temperature even when external conditions are severe.  The optimal body temperature of a rabbit is around 21℃.  If their body temperature exceeds or does not meet this temperature, the rabbit must return to homeostasis.  One of the main ways of maintaining homeostasis of body temperature is by the use of their large vascularized ears.  They are able to regulate their body temperature by changing the amount of blood flow through their ears.  

Constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the ears are utilized to control the body’s temperature.  If the rabbit’s core temperature exceeds its optimal temperature, blood flow is constricted to limit the rising temperature of the blood circulating through the body.   Constriction is also used when the air temperature is below the optimal temperature.  This aids in conserving body heat because if it flowed through the large surface area of the ears, the blood would cool causing the core temperature of the rabbit to decrease even more.  When there is not an extreme difference of body temperature and air temperature, dilation occurs.  This is when blood vessels are enlarged and have an increase of blood flow. With the increase of surface area, this allows for a faster rate of change to regulate homeostasis. Bucl003 (talk) 12:44, 16 March 2018 (UTC)

The skeletal anatomy of the rabbits hind legs are similar to many other land mammals. The round head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the os coxae. The femur then articulates with the tibia and not the fibula witch is connected to the tibia. Due to the morphology of rabbits this joint is closer to the midline of the body rather than distaly like some mammals. This puts their legs in a compressed state that extend to produce their hopping moment. The tibia and fibula then articulate with the tarsals of the pes commonly called the foot. Rabbit's hind feet have 4 long toes that are webbed to prevent them from spreading apart when jumping. Rabbits do not have paw pads like most animals instead they have coarse compressed hair on their toes that offer protection.

ReallyCaffeinated

Rabbits have muscled hind legs that allow for maximum force, maneuverability, and acceleration that are divided into three main parts; foot, thigh, and leg. The hind limbs of a rabbit are an exaggerated feature, that are much longer than the forelimbs providing more force. Rabbits run on their toes to gain the optimal stride during locomotion. The force put out by the hind limbs is contributed to both the structural anatomy of the fusion tibia and fibula, and muscular features. In rabbits, the more fibers in a muscle, the more resistant to fatigue. For example, hares have a greater resistant to fatigue than cottontails. The muscles of rabbit's hind limbs can be classified into four main categories: hamstrings, quadriceps, dorsiflexors, or plantarflexors. The quadricep muscles are in charge of force production when jumping. Complimenting these muscles are the hamstrings which aid in short bursts of action. These muscles play off of one another in the same way as the plantarflexors and doriflexors, contributing to the generation and actions associated with force.

--LuteMJS (talk) 06:29, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

Week 6: My draft

After collaborating more with one another and seeing the suggested comments made by Dr. Schutz we all decided to collaborate on the ears. I will focus on thermoregulation that occurs within the rabbit's ear.

Thermoregulation is the process that an organism uses to maintain an optimal body temperature even when external conditions are severe.  The optimal body temperature of a rabbit is around 21℃.  If their body temperature exceeds or does not meet this temperature, the rabbit must return to homeostasis.  One of the main ways of maintaining homeostasis of body temperature is by the use of their large vascularized ears.  They are able to regulate their body temperature by changing the amount of blood flow through their ears.  

Constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the ears are utilized to control the body’s temperature.  If the rabbit’s core temperature exceeds its optimal temperature, blood flow is constricted to limit the rising temperature of the blood circulating through the body.   Constriction is also used when the air temperature is below the optimal temperature.  This aids in conserving body heat because if it flowed through the large surface area of the ears, the blood would cool causing the core temperature of the rabbit to decrease even more.  When there is not an extreme difference of body temperature and air temperature, dilation occurs.  This is when blood vessels are enlarged and have an increase of blood flow. With the increase of surface area, this allows for a faster rate of change.

Week 5: Dissection Draft

I would contribute to the Rabbit page by adding a citation and more in depth information on rabbit ears in the morphology section that would discuss the outer and middle ear and how it aids the rabbit in having a more active lifestyle since the ears are utilized for sensory information. Also, I would include information on the morphological and functional purpose of their eyes which are adapted for low light due to being active at dawn and dusk as well as the mouth that has adapted a certain structure to be able to eat short grass.

Utilized links: https://rabbit.org/rabbit-ears-a-structural-look-2/

https://books.google.com/books?id=Iti4BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA165&lpg=PA165&dq=rabbit+ear+morphology+vet&source=bl&ots=8WmR7RFb9p&sig=rw2mjezrDrqOnh2HkTXC2Y-KnBs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjFkt-SjOHZAhVO42MKHQzoA1AQ6AEIhQEwDQ#v=onepage&q=rabbit%20ear%20morphology%20vet&f=false Padfoot (talk) 06:38, 10 March 2018 (UTC)

Here is the link for the book I got the below citation from:

https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=eiPgBAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA49&dq=rabbit+pelvic+gurdles&ots=5GBE-Du9Vp&sig=qwEMj4aWEfoacHT0zDhWTb2784U#v=onepage&q=rabbit%20pelvic%20gurdles&f=false

H., Weisbroth, Steven (1974). The biology of the laboratory rabbit. Flatt, Ronald E.,, Kraus, Alan L.,. New York,: Academic Press. ISBN 0127421505. OCLC 827871.

LuteMJS

I plan to add information on rabbit hind legs to the Rabbit page. These structures are pretty important to rabbit's way of life so I believe that there should be more on the morphology and function of these appendages. Below is a link to an article that has information on this.

http://agro.icm.edu.pl/agro/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-article-3b8099eb-7d09-4f62-96c9-dbbde394b4d0/c/app52-447.pdf

ReallyCaffeinated

Topic: Pelvic Girdle (Heather)

I would like to contribute to pelvis and rabbit.  To the pelvis article, a section could be added to speak about pelvic girdles other than humans which would open the discussion greatly to compare the different structures of pelvic girdles across mammals. In the animal section, either a hyperlink could be added to direct the reader to the pelvis or there could be a section in the rabbit article focusing on the pelvic girdles.  It would be interesting if there was a Wiki page focuses solely on mammalian pelvic girdles since they are so distinct throughout organisms and often times reference the organisms mode of transport as well as determining whether or not the rabbit is male or female since girdles are highly sexual dimorphic.

Articles:

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d0b7/6737f20c5bc30eeb86e4e47b39c4807d49fb.pdf

www.houseplantsguru.com/the-endoskeleton-of-a-vertebrate-animal-the-rabbit

Images:

For images, the rabbit article uses many different photos.  Once dissection begins, more specific and advanced images could be uploaded to this article to look at the pelvic girdles of the rabbit.

Bucl003 (talk) 01:52, 10 March 2018 (UTC)

Comments from Dr. Schutz:

1. Good start. You have identified some good gaps and found some potentially good references and some other references that may not be great to cite, but good places to begin a search.

Begin your work for next week by considering the following next steps:

• What is a good reference? Some of the primary literature you found is terrific. Some other web pages are also good places to go for ideas and to help you find primary sources. However, the material is not peer-reviewed (That is your gold standard). So, you may need to seek out that primary literature.
• How will you integrate each other's edits? This may not be clear now and not always possible, but it should be attempted.
• What kinds of images/illustrations will be useful for you to find (see info on the appropriate use of images)/produce and contribute?
• As you detail in your plan many images can come directly from the dissections you will do, so think about how you want to approach that. Also, look ahead to week 11. The description for that assignment has numerous links to useful information for the appropriate use of images etc.
• Start drafting some content as you prepare for next week.
• Ask me in lab for your study animal so that you can make a plan.
• Great job on everyone completing all training!
• When asking for help (which is great) you will have better outcomes if you ask for specific feedback. Some of your posts on the talk pages are perfect in this regard.
• Consider this when asking for a review or when posting to talk pages.
• It is clear to me who will focus on which sections, but you are going to want to establish a more formal organization to your page. I posted some sample sandboxes in the timeline for week two. Go back to those.
• I noticed that there is pretty much even contribution from all of you, but not completely. Be sure to establish who will do what not just list sources. Now is your time to come up with ideas. I can help direct you if you provide them.
• Specifics:

-focusing on the ear, particularly the pinna is a great idea. Branch out. consider thermoregulation -hind legs. Yes, they are disproportionate and similar to humans in being rear-wheel drive....unlike most mammals -pelvis: good plan. Not all mammals or vertebrates are significantly dimorphic in the pelvis. Worth a look to see what the rabbit is like. Osquaesitor (talk) 19:13, 12 March 2018 (UTC)

Project Preference

1. Rabbit: The rabbit is a personal choice for myself since I grew up with a pet rabbit. When I was eight my sister got a horse and my parents said I could chose a pet and I chose to get a rabbit. I took him for bike rides, walked him on a leash and he was always with me. I would like to study their pelvic girdles since they have so many offspring.
2. Pigeon: The pigeon would be interesting since it is an ave and flies. It would be interesting to look at the structures that make up the wings to allow it to fly. Since we have already looked at non-flight organisms it would be interesting to see how the two compare.
3. Stingray: Finally I think the stingray would be interesting because of their large pectoral fins that give them their body shape and allow for locomotion. It would be interesting to compare their fins to that of the shark.

Rabbit: The rabbit has very little about its anatomy. There is only a small part about the ears of the rabbit which would also be something interesting to consider.

pigeon: The pigeon has very vague information on its site. I searched for bird wings as well and their was not any sites for the topic.

stingray, pectoral fins: As well as the others, there is very little about the anatomy of the stingray but information about their behavior. In the pectoral fins topic, there is mention of the pectoral fins in stingrays, but there is not an in depth section.

Addition to Article

My contribution to the paper was to the second sentence. In the original Endostyle paper, the sentence would be considered to be closed paraphrasing since the sentence structure is the exact same, only altering a few words from the cited source.

Contribution:

The endostyle is a mucus secreting pharyngeal organ that coats the pharynx with mucus by the use of cilia.  The mucus then adheres to food particles and the mixture is passed through the pharynx to the esophagus by the cilia.

Group Evaluation

It would be a good idea to change the language in the piece. In the first sentence they used the word "lower" which makes it seem less than in importance. Instead use the word derived or ancestral. Also in parenthesis it says that urochordates and cephalochordates are what have the endostyle, but other organisms have an endostyle. Expand on the thyroid gland and endostyle homology. Expand on the metamorphosis of the endostyle to the thyroid gland. Have you considered separating and expanding on the endostyle in the urochordates, cephalochordates and the metamorphosis of the endostyle to the thyroid gland into separate paragraphs?

Article Evaluation

    The Endostyle article is a brief overview of the topic that does not go into dense details.  The statements are relevant to the topic and there is no unnecessary data. The opening sentence was distracting because it makes it seem that urochordates and cephalochordates are the only organisms that have an endostyle which is false. Statements are backed up by references and the internal links work properly. The citations are correctly cited and the citations include the proper information. The sources are reliable coming from .edu, .org and a scientific article from Zoological Society of Japan.  The only criticism about the article is that it is outdated and I there are many other current sources to use.  A different source or additional source should be used for the second sentence since the citation used only provides the location of the endostyle and not the mechanism which is reported.  There are no signs of plagiarism in the article. 
   The article is rated to be Stub-Class and rated at a low importance. In the talk page there is a suggestion to include a reference which is now in the article.  There was also a comment stating that one of the citations brought them to a different page, and this is now fixed. Finally, a user edited the opening sentence to allow for better flow and to enhance the overall idea of the article.