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| Cabécar | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Costa Rica |
| Region | Turrialba Region (Cartago Province) |
| Ethnicity | Cabécar people 9,300 (2000)[1] |
Native speakers | 8,800 (2000)[1] 80% monolingual (no date)[2] |
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | cjp |
| Glottolog | cabe1245 |
History[edit]
Cabécar is considered to be one of a few "Chibcha-speaking tribes," categorized by similarities in the languages that they speak. Other Chibcha speaking tribes include the Bribri and the Boruca, also of Costa Rica. It is believed that the languages of the Chibcha speaking tribes shared a common ancestor around 8,000 years ago. However, differences in the languages are thought to have come about from the influence of outside people, including influences from Mesoamerica. [3]
Geographic Distribution[edit]
Cabécar is an endangered language spoken in Costa Rica. It is spoken by the Cabécar people, and indigenous group located near the Talamancan mountains of Costa Rica. [3]
Dialects/Varieties[edit]
Orthography[edit]
Cabécar uses a Latin alphabet with umlauts for (ë, ö), and tildes for (ã, ẽ, ĩ, õ, ũ).[4]
Phonology[edit]
Cabécar has twelve vowels, five of which are nasalized.[4]
Typology[edit]
Cabécar has a canonical word order of subject–object–verb.[1]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Cabécar at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Cabécar at Ethnologue (10th ed., 1984). Note: Data may come from the 9th edition (1978).
- ^ a b Barrantes, R.; Smouse, P.E.; Mohrenweiser, H.W.; Gershowitz, H.; Azofeifa, J.; Arias, T.D.; Neel, J.V. (1990). "Microevolution in Lower Central America: Genetic Characterization of the Chibcha-Speaking Groups of Costa Rica and Panama, and a Consensus Taxonomy Based on Genetic and Linguistic Affinity". American Journal of Human Genetics. 43: 63–84.
- ^ a b Native-languages.org
Resources[edit]
1. Adelaar, W. & Quesada, J.D. (2007). Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages. London, England: Routledge.
2. Aikhenvald, A. & Muysken, P. (2010). Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas Ser.: Multi-Verb Constructions: A View from the Americas. Brill.
3. Barrantes, R., Smouse, P.E., Mohrenweiser, H.W., Gershowitz, H., Azofeifa, J., Arias,, T.D., & Neel, J.V. (1990). Microevolution in Lower Central America: Genetic Characterization of the Chibcha-speaking Groups of Costa Rica and Panama, and a Consensus Taxonomy Based on Genetic and Linguistic Affinity. American Journal Of Human Genetics, 43, 63-84.
4. Constenla, A. (1982). Comparative Chibchan Phonology. Dissertation Abstracts International, 42(12), 5106A.
5. Gabb, W.M. (1875). Proceedings Of The American Philosophical Society.
6. Mcquown, N.A. (1955). The Indigenous Languages of Latin America. American Anthropologist, 57(3), 501-570.
7. Sowards, S. K. (2005). Bilingual Education and National Identity for the Cabecares in the Costa Rican Chirripo Indigenous Reserve. Research Articles by Stacey Sowards, 8.
8. Stone, D. (1994). The Talamancan Tribes Of Costa Rica. Papers Of The Peabody Museum Of American Archaeology And Ethnology.
9. Verhoeve, E. (2008). Studies on grammaticalization. New York : Mouton de Gruyter.
10. Wille, D.W., & Eugenia, M. (1996). Boruca, Bribri, and Cabécar. In Encyclopedia of World Cultures, (Vol. 8, pp. 26-31). Macmillan Reference USA.