Tommaso Stigliani

Tommaso Stigliani
Tommaso Stigliani
Born	(1573-06-28)28 June 1573 Matera, Kingdom of Naples
Died	27 January 1651(1651-01-27) (aged 77) Rome, Papal States
Alma mater	University of Naples Federico II
Occupations	Poet Literary critic Writer
Parent(s)	Giovan Domenico Stigliani and Geronima Stigliani (née d’Adamo)
Writing career
Language	Italian
Literary movement	Baroque Petrarchism
Notable works	Il mondo nuovo Dello occhiale

Tommaso Stigliani (Italian: [tomˈmaːzo stiʎˈʎani]; 28 June 1573 – 27 January 1651) was an Italian poet, literary critic, and writer, best known for his enmity with Giambattista Marino.

Biography

He was born in Matera, and educated in Naples where he met with the poets Torquato Tasso and Giambattista Marino. With the latter, Stigliani started a lifelong polemic and argument. Especially in Dello occhiale (Venice: Carempello, Sandro Bazacchi, 1627), Stigliani laments Marino's many “failures” in the poem Adone. Marino refused, Stigliani indignantly points out, to follow Aristotle's unities, ignoring the need for a proper beginning, middle, and an end. The poem is overwhelmed by superfluities, enthusiasms, and disproportion. In chapter 6, Stigliani regrets the way Marino “stumbles” through the episodes of Adonis and Venus. And so on, for more than 500 pages (there are tables at the end that list all of Marino's “errors”).

Stigliani's contentious personality led him initially to seek employment in various courts of Northern Italy, including Parma, where he was employed by the Duke. He ultimately had to remove himself to Rome, where he published a volume of his works, mainly romantic sonnets, in Canzoniero dato in luce da Balducci (1625, Rome). He had already published Il Mondo Nuovo (1617, Piacenza), an epic poem about the discovery of America. In his depiction, Stigliani merges a detailed description of America with characters and situations that are closer to the realities of life in Europe in the 1600s, creating a bridge between the two continents. Stigliani’s America is an allegory of the old world and the poet used it to construct a critique of the society of the day. The description of the newt that lives in the Rio de la Plata is a way to make fun of his competitor Giambattista Marino; the execution of the amazons in the poem is a criticism of the behavior of his patron Ranuccio Farnese; the mad people of the island of Brandana mirror the behavior of all the princes and courtiers who occupy every European Renaissance court. And since it is a poem, the shrewd poet can always defend himself by saying that the Mondo nuovo is, in part, a fictional work. According to Stigliani, the new world with all its faults such as cannibalism and the freedom of sexual mores is, despite everything, better than the corruption and flaws which he finds in his contemporary Europe.

Thanks to his friendship with Galileo supporter Virginio Cesarini, Stigliani was given the task of editing Galileo's Saggiatore (The Assayer) (1623). Stigliani died in Rome on 27 January 1651. His letters were published posthumously in 1661.

Works

• Stigliani, Tommaso (1600). Il Polifemo. Milano. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
• ————— (1617). Il mondo nuovo (1 ed.). Piacenza. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
• ————— (1628). Il mondo nuovo (2 ed.). Roma. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
• ————— (1623). Il canzoniero del signor caualier fra' Tomaso Stigliani. Roma: per l'erede di Bartolomeo Zannetti.
• ————— (1627). Dello occhiale opera difensiua del caualier fr. Tomaso Stigliani. Scritta in risposta al caualier Gio. Battista Marini. Dedicato all'eccellentiss. sig. conte D'Oliuares. Venezia. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
• ————— (1651). Lettere del caualiere fra Tomaso Stigliani dedicate al sig. prencipe di Gallicano. Roma. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)

Sources

• Hester, Nathalie (2012). "Failed New World Epics in Baroque Italy". Poesis and Modernity in the Old and New Worlds. Vanderbilt University Press: 201–23. doi:10.2307/j.ctv16758g3.13. ISBN 9780826518347.
• Slawinski, M. (2002). Stigliani, Tommaso. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-818332-7. Retrieved 24 May 2023. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

Further reading

• Lazzarini, Andrea (2019). "STIGLIANI, Tommaso (Tomaso)". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 94: Stampa–Tarantelli (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. ISBN 978-8-81200032-6.
• Menghini, Mario (1892). Tommaso Stigliani: contributo alla storia letteraria del secolo XVII. Genoa.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Maragoni, Gian Piero (1989). "Stigliani «ne varietur». Appunti sulla riscrittura del «Polifemo»". Lettere Italiane. 41 (1): 90–98. JSTOR 26264542.
• Pieri, Marzio (1992). "«Les Indes Farnesiennes». Sul poema colombiano di Tommaso Stigliani". Annali d'Italianistica. 10: 180–189. JSTOR 24004484.
• Watt, Mary A. (2011). "Cosmopoiesis: Dante, Columbus and Spiritual Imperialism in Stigliani's "Mondo nuovo"". MLN. 127 (1): S245–S256. doi:10.1353/mln.2012.0042. JSTOR 41415866. S2CID 161219982.
• Valencia, María Dolores (2022). "Cultura y polemica literaria en el epistolario de Tommaso Stigliani". Encrucijadas en la Cultura Italiana. Dykinson, S.L.: 253–260. doi:10.2307/j.ctv2s0j64s.27. ISBN 9788411224048.

External links

• Tommaso Stigliani entry (in Italian) by Luigi Fassò in the Enciclopedia italiana, 1936