Talk:Ma Fuxiang
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Beiyang[edit]
I corrected some minor spelling errors, and that, not throughout the article. I also felt that "pissed off" was not encyclopedic and replaced it with "very angry". I'm here as a learner, so, if "pissed off" suits... revert if you've a mind to. (Duane44 (talk) 02:24, 14 November 2010 (UTC))
- Please, tell me when that "legendary" battle of Shanhaiguan took place? There were no Muslim troops in Shanhaiguan when it surrendered to Russian troops without any battle - only provicial troops of Fengtian. So called Gansu braves were at Sept. 1900 far away in the Saanxi!!! And please, tell me how cavalry could torpedo Russian ships? And how Russian man-of-war could appear in the area of Shanhaiguan when Russian troops marched by land? By the way the nianhua with the "Russian paddle steamer being torpedoed by troops of Dong Fuxiang" is completely false - the ONLY paddle man-of-war in the Chinese coastal waters was USS "Monocacy"! No paddle steamers on Russian Navy at that time at all!
Please check the info from valuable sources, not nianhua and alike pics!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.229.139.62 (talk) 20:36, 26 November 2010 (UTC)
ma fuxiang, the woold trade, and the gelaohui[edit]
Zhang Guangjian page 30
Ma Fuxiang page 38
http://www.cityache.com:8080/showItem/showDetail/11783034.html
22:25, 3 June 2011 (UTC)
References
- ^ Millward, James A. "THE CHINESE BORDER WOOL TRADE OF 1880-1937". Retrieved 10 July 2014.
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{{cite web}}: Empty citation (help)
Copyright problem removed[edit]
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: http://books.google.com/books?id=sy2FOZy0kTsC&pg=PA23&dq=ma+fu-hsiang&hl=en&ei=AXkzTKenI8GqlAfS1bS-Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=ma%20fu-hsiang&f=false. Infringing material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Quigley (talk) 02:33, 28 June 2011 (UTC) Quigley (talk) 02:33, 28 June 2011 (UTC)
muslim education at chengda normal school[edit]
http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=EXTRO_033_0143
Mendsetting (talk) 03:35, 4 September 2012 (UTC)
References
- ^ Mao, Yufeng (2011/1 (n° 33)). "Muslim Educational Reform in 20th-Century China: The Case of the Chengda Teachers Academy". Extrême-Orient Extrême-Occident. Presses universitaires de Vincennes: 143–170. ISBN 9782842923341. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)
Description of ma fuxiang[edit]
Mendsetting (talk) 03:38, 4 September 2012 (UTC)
References
- ^ Travels Of A Consular Officer In North-West China. CUP Archive. p. 187. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
Ma fuxiang, ma yuanzhang, and zhang guangjian[edit]
Mendsetting (talk) 04:46, 5 September 2012 (UTC)
References
- ^ Lipman, Jonathan Neaman (1998). Familiar strangers: a history of Muslims in Northwest China. University of Washington Press. p. 183. ISBN 0295800550. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
Governance[edit]
http://books.google.com/books?id=JbGaMUZ6j5IC&pg=PA223#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=Bx83dlLMPdMC&pg=PA88#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=g3C2B9oXVbQC&pg=PA47#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=7Kz111Lie-0C&pg=PA93#v=onepage&q&f=false
Page 252
Ma Fuxiang was the most powerful and most qualified candidate. He had served under Dong Fuxiang at Beijing, had fought for the Qing then the Republic, had a solid base of support among the Muslims. He had been in command at Ningxia ...
Title The border world of Gansu, 1895-1935 Author Jonathan Neaman Lipman Publisher Stanford University, 1980 Length 686 pages
Page 281
1977, an Ikhwani imam of Linxia): 79 Ma Enxin (contemporary Muslim Chinese intellectual and educator of Yunnan): 76 Ma Fulong (d. 1970, an Ikhwani imam, disciple of Hu Songshan): 71 Ma Fuxiang (d. 1932, Muslim scholar and warlord): ...
Title Devout societies vs. impious states?: transmitting Islamic learning in Russia, Central Asia and China, through the twentieth century : proceedings of an international colloquium held in the Carré des Sciences, French Ministry of Research, Paris, November 12-13, 2001 Volume 258 of Islamkundliche Untersuchungen Editor Stéphane A. Dudoignon Publisher Schwarz, 2004 Original from the University of Michigan Digitized Aug 21, 2008 ISBN 3879973148, 9783879973149 Length 292 pages
Page 82
Under Ma Fuxiang the Suiyuan military governorship gained a fully-fledged Department of Industry and a Department of Education (the evolution of the Suiyuan Department of Education is discussed in further detail in Chapter Four). 82 ...
Title Constructing Suiyuan: the politics of northwestern territory and development in early twentieth-century China Volume 15 of Brill's Inner Asian library Author Justin Tighe Edition illustrated Publisher Brill, 2005 Original from the University of Michigan Digitized Sep 9, 2008 ISBN 9004144668, 9789004144668 Length 297 pages
Page 52
It too was a family legacy, passed on from Ma Qianling to Ma Fulu to Ma Fuxiang to Ma Hongkui. Its top echelon had close ties to Hongkui: of seventeen army, brigade, divisional, and regimental commanders listed by the warlord's son, ...
Title Annals, Volumes 1-5 Author Association for Asian Studies. Southeast Conference Publisher The Conference, 1979 Original from the University of Michigan Digitized Aug 21, 2008
Page 229
Ma Fuxiang (1876-1932) led a modernist group called the Neixiang ( Assimilationist) clique; their ideology was a syncretic Islamic-Confucianism which tied the northwestern Hui ineluctably to China. (16) But not all of the warlords were ...
Title Chinese Republican Studies Newsletter, Volumes 1-7 Contributors University of Connecticut. Dept. of History, Denison University. Dept. of History, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Center for Asian Studies Publisher Center for Asian Studies, University of Illinois, 1975 Original from University of Minnesota Digitized May 18, 2011 Page 20
(23) Ma Fulu died defending Beijing against the foreign armies in 1900, but his brother, son, and nephew (Ma Fuxiang, Ma Hongbin, and Ma Hongkui respectively) became EBB members and important regional warlords during the Republican ...
Title Papers from the Conference on Chinese Local Elites and Patterns of Dominance, Banff, August 20-24, 1987, Volume 3 Papers from the Conference on Chinese Local Elites and Patterns of Dominance, Banff, August 20-24, 1987, Joint Committee on Chinese Studies (U.S.) Author Joint Committee on Chinese Studies (U.S.) Published 1987
Page 43
Title China's inner Asian frontier: photographs of the Wulsin expedition to northwest China in 1923 : from the archives of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University, and the National Geographic Society Authors Frederick Roelker Wulsin, Joseph Fletcher, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, National Geographic Society (U.S.), Peabody Museum of Salem Editor Mary Ellen Alonso Contributor Pacific Asia Museum Edition illustrated Publisher The Museum : distributed by Harvard University Press, 1979 Original from the University of Michigan Digitized Sep 8, 2008 ISBN 0674119681, 9780674119680 Length 108 pages — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rajmaan (talk • contribs) 05:12, 15 November 2012 (UTC)
http://books.google.com/books?id=WSl5cl_wt24C&pg=PA261#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=WSl5cl_wt24C&pg=PA373#v=onepage&q&f=false
Page 43
At Baotou the jurisdiction of the central Beijing government was a reality, but the government was caught up in the warlord factional struggles of the Zhili clique, and military control rested with a Muslim general, Ma Fuxiang, whose family had ...
Title China's inner Asian frontier: photographs of the Wulsin expedition to northwest China in 1923 : from the archives of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University, and the National Geographic Society Authors Frederick Roelker Wulsin, Joseph Fletcher, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, National Geographic Society (U.S.), Peabody Museum of Salem Editor Mary Ellen Alonso Contributor Pacific Asia Museum Edition illustrated Publisher The Museum : distributed by Harvard University Press, 1979 Original from the University of Michigan Digitized Sep 8, 2008 ISBN 0674119681, 9780674119680 Length 108 pages
Page 239
MA FUXIANG (MA FU-HSIANG) □ 238 CALLIGRAPHY Hanging scroll; ink on paper. The character 'Hu' written in Cao Shu (Ts'ao Shu). Four seals of the artist. 5/1/2 x 22H inches (128.2 x 56.8 cm.) Ma Fuxiang was one of the 'Five Ma's' ...
Title Oriental Art Sales, Volumes 743-772 Author Sotheby Parke Bernet Inc Publisher Sotheby Parke Bernet Inc., 1980 Original from University of Minnesota Digitized Mar 30, 2011
Title The Crescent in North-West China. With Illustrations Author G. Findlay Andrew Published 1921
Page 437
Now dKon-mchog-gro-nyi has arrived in Beijing, and will discuss all the Tibetan issues with Mr. Ma Fuxiang, ... I am pleased to know Ma Fuxiang, chairman of the Commission for Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs, will handle Tibetan affairs.
Title China Tibetology, Issues 6-11 Contributor Zhongguo Zang xue yan jiu zhong xin Publisher Office for the Journal China Tibetology, 2006
Page 34
In his telegraph to Tang, Ma Fuxiang, head of the MTAC, also ordered Tang to withdraw from the agreement with the Tibetans, because Ma believed that "some of Nanjing's political rivalries were using this event to achieve their political ...
Title The Journal of the Oriental Society of Australia, Volumes 31-34 Contributor Oriental Society of Australia Publisher Oriental Society of Australia, 2000 Page 217
18 Ma Fuxiang (Head of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission) to Tang Kesan, December 23, 1931, in YXZG, Vol. 6, p. 2570. In his telegraph to Tang in Kanze, Ma revealed that "some of the Kuomintang's political rivalries were using ...
Title American Journal of Chinese Studies, Volume 13 Contributor American Association for Chinese Studies Publisher American Association for Chinese Studies, 2006 Original from Indiana University Digitized Aug 5, 2010
During the Republic of China era, Hui people - such as Ma Fuxiang. Ma Hongbing and Ma Hongkui -- took office, in turns, in the Ningxia Hui region. Naturally, that helped improve relations between the Hui and Han people. Considering the overall interests of different classes, the Ma family had never shown any intention of mistreating the Han people,
Title China's Ethnic Groups, Issues 1-4 Contributor China. Guo jia min wei Publisher Ethnic Groups Unity Publishing House, 2004
Page 127
The available version is a reprint that appeared in Chengdu, Sichuan Province in 1872; this was followed by another reprint in 1933 by Ma Fuxiang. This version was then incorporated in the Zhongguo Huizu Dianji Congshu (Series of ...
Title Encyclopedia of women & Islamic cultures, Volume 1 Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures, Suad Joseph, ISBN 9004132473, 9789004132474 Authors Suad Joseph, Afsaneh Najmabadi Editors Suad Joseph, Afsaneh Najmabadi Contributor Suad Joseph Edition illustrated Publisher Brill, 2003 Original from the University of California Digitized Dec 10, 2009 ISBN 9004132473, 9789004132474 Length 594 pages
Page 31 on ma fuxiang opium trafficking
Page 236
77 Lu Rongting, 190n. 33 Lushan Bandit Suppression Conference, 130-131 Lu Yongxiang, 23, 24, 180n. 75 Madame Tussaud's Wax Museum, 1 12 Ma Fuxiang, 31 Ma Kongfan, 128 Mao Guangxiang, 122, 127 Mao Zedong, 14, 65, 148, 154, ...
Title Opium, state, and society: China's narco-economy and the Guomindang, 1924-1937 Author Edward R. Slack Edition illustrated Publisher University of Hawai'i Press, 2001 ISBN 0824822781, 9780824822781 Length 240 pages
Page 132
... Sichuan warlords were claimed by the Dalai Lama to have been instigated by and involved the Panchen Lama's followers. See: the Dalai Lama to Ma Fuxiang ( Head of the MTAC), Dec. 28, 1930, YXZG, Vol. 6, p.2544; IOR, L/P&S/10/1088.
Title Journal of Asian History, Volumes 36-37 Publisher O. Harrassowitz., 2002 Original from the University of Michigan Digitized Aug 25, 2008 [34]
Page 28
Chinese Government also did later) against the separation of Urianehai from Outer Mongolia ; a Mixed Commission was ... General Ma Fu-hsiang delivered his inaugural Address, of which the following is a summary : "The convocation of the ...
Title The China Year Book Author Henry George Wandesforde Woodhead Editor Henry Thurburn Montague Bell Publisher North China Daily News & Herald, 1931 Original from the University of Michigan Digitized Jan 30, 2007
Page 184
Ma Fu-hsiang ; received his military training at a Military School in Kansu; after many years of service in the Army, he rose ... of the horder regions of Ninghsia, Shensi and Mongolia, 1916; Commander of the 6th Mixed Brigade of Kansu Army, ...
Title Who's who in China Author China weekly review Publisher China weekly review., 1936 Original from the University of Michigan Digitized Sep 10, 2008
Page 660
And so the ex-Governor's guest-court that day became the meeting place of very mixed cultures. ... The command was transferred to his brother Ma Fu-hsiang, who, in the early days of the Chinese Republic, served as Governor of Anhwei and ...
Title Asia: Journal of the American Asiatic Association, Volume 40 Contributor American Asiatic Association Publisher Asia Magazine, 1940
Page 73
General Ma Fu-hsiang, noted Chinese [ohammedan leader, appointed chairman of the Anhwei tcvincial Government to ... Yuan received a tele- ra from the Shanghai Bar Association suggesting re- anization of the French Mixed Court along ...
Title The China Monthly Review, Volume 52 Publisher J.W. Powell, 1930
Page 588
The most prominent leader in this progressive group i6 General Ma Fu-hsiang, the Hu Chun Shih at Ninghsia and a Chinese scholar of no mean ability. The most powerful of the reactionaries was Ma An-liang, the once all- powerful chief who died ... to mix politics with religion he would have cut his head off without warrant or permission in front of the Ma mansion in the south suburb of the city of Hochow.
Title The Far Eastern Review, Engineering, Finance, Commerce, Volume 15 Published 1919 Rajmaan (talk) 05:03, 15 November 2012 (UTC)
References
- ^ Yang, Fenggang; Tamney, Joseph, eds. (2011). Confucianism and Spiritual Traditions in Modern China and Beyond. Vol. Volume 3 of Religion in Chinese Societies (illustrated ed.). BRILL. p. 223. ISBN 9004212396. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help); Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Yang, Fenggang; Tamney, Joseph, eds. (2011). Confucianism and Spiritual Traditions in Modern China and Beyond. Vol. Volume 3 of Religion in Chinese Societies (illustrated ed.). BRILL. p. 224. ISBN 9004212396. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help); Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Goossaert, Vincent; Palmer, David A. (2011). The Religious Question in Modern China. University of Chicago Press. p. 88. ISBN 0226304167. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Schram, Stuart R., ed. (1992). Mao's Road to Power - Revolutionary Writings, 1912-1949: The Pre-Marxist Period, 1912-1920, Volume 1. Vol. vol. 5 (illustrated ed.). M.E. Sharpe. p. 62. ISBN 1563244578. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help); Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Taylor, Jay (2009). The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China (illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 93. ISBN 0674033388. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Lipman, Jonathan Neaman (1998). Familiar strangers: a history of Muslims in Northwest China. University of Washington Press. p. 168. ISBN 0295800550. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Dudoignon, Stephane A.; Hisao, Komatsu; Yasushi, Kosugi, eds. (2006). Intellectuals in the Modern Islamic World: Transmission, Transformation and Communication. Vol. Volume 3 of New Horizons in Islamic Studies. Routledge. p. 342. ISBN 1134205988. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help); Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Wang, Jianping (2001). 中国伊斯兰教词汇表 (illustrated ed.). Psychology Press. p. 144. ISBN 0700706208. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Waldron, Arthur (2003). From War to Nationalism: China's Turning Point, 1924-1925 (illustrated, reprint, revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 282. ISBN 052152332X. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Bulag, Uradyn Erden (2002). The Mongols at China's Edge: History and the Politics of National Unity (illustrated ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 47. ISBN 0742511448. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ MacKinnon, Stephen R.; Lary, Diana; Vogel, Ezra F., eds. (2007). China at War: Regions of China, 1937-1945 (illustrated ed.). Stanford University Press. p. 77. ISBN 0804755094. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Taylor, Jay (2009). The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China (illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 93. ISBN 0674033388. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Lipman, Jonathan Neaman (1980). The border world of Gansu, 1895-1935. Stanford University. p. 252. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Dudoignon, Stéphane A., ed. (2004). Devout societies vs. impious states?: transmitting Islamic learning in Russia, Central Asia and China, through the twentieth century : proceedings of an international colloquium held in the Carré des Sciences, French Ministry of Research, Paris, November 12-13, 2001. Vol. Volume 258 of Islamkundliche Untersuchungen. Schwarz. p. 281. ISBN 3879973148. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help); Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Tighe, Justin (2005). Constructing Suiyuan: the politics of northwestern territory and development in early twentieth-century China. Vol. Volume 15 of Brill's Inner Asian library (illustrated ed.). Brill. p. 82. ISBN 9004144668. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help); Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Association for Asian Studies. Southeast Conference (1979). Annals, Volumes 1-5. The Conference. p. 52. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Chinese Republican Studies Newsletter, Volumes 1-7. Contributors University of Connecticut. Dept. of History, Denison University. Dept. of History, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Center for Asian Studies. Center for Asian Studies, University of Illinois. 1975. p. 229. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); horizontal tab character in|others=at position 13 (help)CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Joint Committee on Chinese Studies (U.S.) (1987). Papers from the Conference on Chinese Local Elites and Patterns of Dominance, Banff, August 20-24, 1987, Volume 3. p. 20. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Wulsin, Frederick Roelker; Fletcher, Joseph (1979). Alonso, Mary Ellen (ed.). China's inner Asian frontier: photographs of the Wulsin expedition to northwest China in 1923 : from the archives of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University, and the National Geographic Society. Contributor Pacific Asia Museum (illustrated ed.). The Museum : distributed by Harvard University Press. p. 43. ISBN 0674119681. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); horizontal tab character in|others=at position 12 (help) - ^ Crossley, Pamela Kyle (1999). A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology. University of California Press. p. 142. ISBN 0520928849. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Chronique Du Toumet-Ortos: Looking Through the Lens of Joseph Van Oost, Missionary in Inner Mongolia (1915-1921). Vol. Volume 16 of Louvain Chinese studies (illustrated ed.). Leuven University Press. 2004. ISBN 9058674185. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|first=missing|last=(help);|volume=has extra text (help); Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Chronique Du Toumet-Ortos: Looking Through the Lens of Joseph Van Oost, Missionary in Inner Mongolia (1915-1921). Vol. Volume 16 of Louvain Chinese studies (illustrated ed.). Leuven University Press. 2004. p. 261. ISBN 9058674185. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|first=missing|last=(help);|volume=has extra text (help); Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Chronique Du Toumet-Ortos: Looking Through the Lens of Joseph Van Oost, Missionary in Inner Mongolia (1915-1921). Vol. Volume 16 of Louvain Chinese studies (illustrated ed.). Leuven University Press. 2004. p. 373. ISBN 9058674185. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|first=missing|last=(help);|volume=has extra text (help); Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Wulsin, Frederick Roelker; Fletcher, Joseph (1979). Alonso, Mary Ellen (ed.). China's inner Asian frontier: photographs of the Wulsin expedition to northwest China in 1923 : from the archives of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University, and the National Geographic Society. Contributor Pacific Asia Museum (illustrated ed.). The Museum : distributed by Harvard University Press. p. 43. ISBN 0674119681. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); horizontal tab character in|others=at position 12 (help) - ^ Sotheby Parke Bernet Inc, = (1980). Oriental Art Sales, Volumes 743-772. Sotheby Parke Bernet Inc. p. 239. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|first=has numeric name (help); Invalid|ref=harv(help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ Andrew, G. Findlay (1921). The Crescent in North-West China. With Illustrations. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ China Tibetology, Issues 6-11. Contributor Zhongguo Zang xue yan jiu zhong xin. Office for the Journal China Tibetology. 2006. p. 437. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); horizontal tab character in|others=at position 12 (help)CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ The Journal of the Oriental Society of Australia, Volumes 31-34. Contributor Oriental Society of Australia. Oriental Society of Australia. 2000. p. 34. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); horizontal tab character in|others=at position 12 (help)CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ American Journal of Chinese Studies, Volume 13. Contributor American Association for Chinese Studies. American Association for Chinese Studies. 2006. p. 217. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); horizontal tab character in|others=at position 12 (help)CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ China's Ethnic Groups, Issues 1-4. Contributor China. Guo jia min wei. Ethnic Groups Unity Publishing House. 2004. p. 217. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); horizontal tab character in|others=at position 12 (help)CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Joseph, Suad; Najmabadi, Afsaneh (2003). Joseph, Suad; Najmabadi, Afsaneh (eds.). Encyclopedia of women & Islamic cultures, Volume 1. Contributor Suad Joseph (illustrated ed.). Brill. p. 127. ISBN 9004132473. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); horizontal tab character in|others=at position 12 (help) - ^ Slack, Edward R. (2001). Opium, state, and society: China's narco-economy and the Guomindang, 1924-1937 (illustrated ed.). University of Hawai'i Press. p. 236. ISBN 0824822781. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Journal of Asian History, Volumes 36-37 (illustrated ed.). O. Harrassowitz. 2002. p. 132. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Harris, Fred (2007). The Arabic Scholar's Son: Growing Up in Turbulent North China (1927-1943). AuthorHouse. p. 53. ISBN 1467822337. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Woodhead, Henry George Wandesforde (1931). Bell, Henry Thurburn Montague (ed.). The China Year Book. North China Daily News & Herald. p. 28. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ China weekly review (1936). Who's who in China. China weekly review. p. 184. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Asia: Journal of the American Asiatic Association, Volume 40. Contributor American Asiatic Association. Asia Magazine. 1940. p. 660. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); horizontal tab character in|others=at position 12 (help)CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ The China Monthly Review, Volume 52. J.W. Powell. 1930. p. 73. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ The Far Eastern Review, Engineering, Finance, Commerce, Volume 15. 1919. p. 588. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
Ma Fuxiang's term as military governor of Suiyuan[edit]
http://books.google.com/books?id=K-48AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA474#v=onepage&q&f=false
69 82 138
106
General Ma Fu Hsiang became Military Governor of Suiyuan in the early part of 1921, but too late to take steps to prevent the cultivation of opium. Opium appears to have been freely cultivated throughout Suiyuan under the protection and at ...
584
SUIYUAN. The opium monopoly established by the late Tutung Ma Fu-hsiang did a very flourishing business during 1924. In the impeachment of the Tutun* by Senators they accused him of establishing the monopoly, encourage* cultivation, ...
890
The opium situation in Suiyuan is so bad that even the new Tutung, the Mahornmedan General Ma Fu-hsiang, who has never permitted tho cultivation of poppy in his native province of Kansu confesses his hopelessness to cope with or even ...
171
Ma An-liang's successor, Ma Fu-hsiang, was likewise both an officer in Tung Fu- hsiang' s army and a Ho-chou man. ... and benefitted from, the late Ch'ing modernization projects: army reform, opium suppression, colonization in Chinghai, ...
79
The Ho Chou Mohammedans made up a large part of Ma Fu-hsiang's cavalry when he was governor of the northwest, ... In those days, under the direction of their own officers, they brought down a great deal of opium from Kan-su, making a ...
47
General Ma Fu-hsiang Meets General Crowd in Front of Hokkaido Building Formosa Building of the ... In 1918 death came to the venerable Ma An-liang, who had kept his people from sectarian strife and opium and compelled them to live at ...
http://books.google.com/books?id=GoSrAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA54#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=fdk8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PR6#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=0I7ML6rrzN0C&pg=PA53#v=onepage&q&f=false
Rajmaan (talk) 08:25, 24 February 2013 (UTC)
References
- ^ Morrison, George Ernest (1978). Lo (Luo), Hui-Min (Huimin) (ed.). The Correspondence of G. E. Morrison 1912-1920. Vol. Volume 2 of The Correspondence of G. E. Morrison, George Ernest Morrison (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 474. ISBN 0521215617. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help); Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Tighe, Justin (2005). Constructing Suiyuan: The Politics of Northwestern Territory and Development in Early Twentieth-century China. Vol. Volume 15 of Brill's Inner Asian library (illustrated ed.). Brill. pp. 69, 82, 138. ISBN 9004144668. ISSN 1566-7162. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help); Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ The Opium Trade, 1910-1941, Volume 5. Contributors Great Britain. Foreign Office, Great Britain. Public Record Office (reprint ed.). Scholarly Resources. 1974. p. 106. ISBN 084201795X. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); horizontal tab character in|others=at position 13 (help)CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ The China Year Book ... Brentano's. 1925. p. 584. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Woodhead, Henry George Wandesforde; Bell, Henry Thurburn Montague (1923). The China Year Book. North China Daily News & Herald. p. 890. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Chinese Republican Studies Newsletter, Volumes 1-7. Contributors University of Connecticut. Dept. of History, Denison University. Dept. of History, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Center for Asian Studies. Center for Asian Studies, University of Illinois. 1975. p. 171. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); horizontal tab character in|others=at position 13 (help)CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Lattimore, Owen (1972). The desert road to Turkestan (reprint, illustrated ed.). AMS Press. p. 79. ISBN 0404038875. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Fleisher, Benjamin Wilfried, ed. (1922). The Trans-Pacific, Volume 6. B. W. Fleisher. p. 47. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ McCormack, Gavan (1977). Chang Tso-lin in Northeast China, 1911-1928: China, Japan, and the Manchurian Idea (illustrated ed.). Stanford University Press. p. 54. ISBN 0804709459. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Travels Of A Consular Officer In North-West China. CUP Archive. p. vi. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Centre d'études mongoles et sibériennes. Etudes Mongoles et Sibériennes 16. SEMS. p. 53. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
Term as Governor of Suiyuan during the Beiyang regime[edit]
Ma Fuxiang encouraged opium cultivation during his term as military governor of suiyuan, at the same time, he promoted education in the province and helped native Suiyuan residents ascend to positions of power
http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-NMGS200706009.htm
Rajmaan (talk) 05:02, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
References
- ^ NIU, Jingzhong; FU, Lina (2007-06). "MA FU-XIANG,THE SUIYUAN GOVERNOR IN THE REIGN OF THE NORTHERN WARLORDS". Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University(Philosophy and Social Science). History Department,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia, China 010021. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)
Calligraphy[edit]
One of Ma Fuxiang's works in Chinese calligraphy was auctioned at Christies, a rending of the Chinese character for "Tiger". The Lot Notes states that Mount Tai's Jade Emperor Peak also has one of his calligraphic works located there.
http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/paintings/ma-fuxiang-one-stroke-tiger-5347715-details.aspx
Rajmaan (talk) 21:48, 12 March 2014 (UTC)
References
- ^ "MA FUXIANG (1876-1932) ONE-STROKE TIGER". Christie's. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
- ^ MA FUXIANG (1876-1932), "ONE-STROKE TIGER". Hanging scroll, ink on paper.
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