Talk:List of essential oils/Archive 1

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Who decides on the external links... they don't seem to be very valuable links to me...primarily there for adsense and other revenue...without offering much information at all.

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.116.61.254 (talk • contribs • WHOIS) .

There are three external links as of this writing. Each of the three is there because they have reasonably informative writeups on more than a handful of essential oils, and are therefore good, general collections of introductory information on these oils. The Hippylife and Lawless links are better than the Natural life link, but even that one seemed to have enough content to be worth including. I can't speak for other editors, but I've gone through every link that's ever been added to this page, to see if they seemed worth having here. If you'll look back at the history of the article, you'll see a lot of links that weren't anything but commercial that have been removed. These are the three that survived the review.
As for "who decides", it's by a combination of consensus and policy, like all other decisions on Wikipedia. Anybody who cares to, who's willing to play by the rules, is welcome to contribute. Waitak 11:31, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Linking 'Oil'

The word 'oil' appears variously in red, black and blue according to linking etc. Could there be some standardisation? I would suggest unlinked, in black all the way through. A link to 'Oil' at the top of the page would be sufficient. As the page is headed essential oils it seems unnecessary to have 100 links to it. Any suggestions?89.240.7.61 11:39, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

I don't think the word "Oil" itself is the problem, I think the problem is the inconsistent use. Some of the links only seem to be there to list the oil and the plant as different links, which seems silly given that the actual essential oil page would contain a link back to the source plant. I'm going to go through and at least make the plants that *have* oil pages are setup as one link instead of a plant link and an essential oil page link. As for the pages that don't exist, I'm not quite sure what to do about them, leaving them in red forever at least indicates that they don't exist and may encourage creation of their page, but black makes the title of the link less misleading. Ended up back here after the word "Sassafras" linked me to the Sassafras page and the word "oil" went to the Safrole page for some reason. Quite a few other chemicals have been characterized in Sassafras oil, even if Safrole is the one most associated with it. Linking to a single chemical's page because the page for the oil doesn't exist seems strange. I know this comment is old but I do agree that some standardization is required. They Terk Err Jerbs (talk) 08:04, 14 May 2016 (UTC)

'Essential Oils'

After reading 'Essential Oils' it seems that one of the key points is that these oils embody the fragrance of the plant/flower/seed etc thus their use in aroma therapy. I suspect that some of the oils on this list would not then be classed as essential oils. An example would be rose seed oil (Moqueta). Any comments? 89.240.7.61 11:52, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

The Merriam Webster definition at Merriam Webster says:
"Simple Definition of essential oil
an oil that comes from a plant, that smells like the plant it comes from, and that is used in perfumes and flavorings"
I think fragrances apply by that definition. They Terk Err Jerbs (talk) 09:23, 16 May 2016 (UTC)

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Tabulation

I'd like to replace this list with a table, showing which oils are phototoxic, sensitizing, medicinal, culinary, etc., so that you can easily scan it to find which oils are safe for use on the skin, for example. A good example of a tabulated list that might be used as a prototype can be found at List of collective nouns in English. I'm willing to do the leg work myself. Would anybody like to help? Does anybody have any objections? I may make a start below. nagualdesign 21:55, 8 August 2014 (UTC)

Something like this, perhaps? nagualdesign 22:54, 8 August 2014 (UTC)

This would be great. I also think the most useful oil 'Lavender' is not just used for fragrance. It's used for many many things, is the highest selling oil. But this article totally disregards it. I think the table should have a Aroma = Top, Middle, Base. And Scent should say 'Floral, Citrus, Spice etc etc'. Thanks.

I agree with this too. I'm currently attempting to normalize the list format more, which also turned into adding references for medical claims, adding other uses found through the linked pages, and inserting toxicity and legality information if available -- see the 2013 study that accidentally made citrus illegal in the US. This wasn't the intent of the law at all, but a warning seems worthwhile if it keeps anyone out of trouble until things are sorted out with that under an exemption for citrus or similar. Referencing takes longer, but hopefully it would make creating the table a bit easier in the end. I've been unable to find proper data on some oils right now due to lack of proper names for plants or links to large lists of plants in place of a more direct one. The current page has been pretty good so far about not making any medical or usage claims on these, it seems. It seemed as though this page was somewhat outdated and hasn't been edited much in a while so figured it would be a good place to start. Aside from aromatherapy and homeopathy, essential oils see wide use in perfumery and chemical production so I'm rather surprised the page hasn't had more attention.
If nobody has started on tabulation by the time I'm done referencing and standardizing as much as possible, I might start working on it. They Terk Err Jerbs (talk) 09:11, 15 May 2016 (UTC)
I've copy/pasted a few more entries. I think we can simply use a tick for now ({{ya}}), as it's fairly obvious from the text whether an oil is fragrant, for example. That can be changed later to something specific like "Floral" ({{yes|Floral}}) by somebody who really knows their onions. What do you think? nagualdesign 00:09, 16 May 2016 (UTC)
I like it, I haven't been doing much style cleanup and this improves readability quite a bit. The tick boxes work better and make the whole thing easier to sort, IMO. Would also appreciate refs from somebody into aromatherapy / natural medicine, but that's another topic. Don't want to over-reference the article either though, and I might be guilty of that already. :P They Terk Err Jerbs (talk) 08:39, 16 May 2016 (UTC)


New table of essential oils

Extended content
Essential oil Uses Notes
Medicinal Aroma Flavour
agar oil or oodh Yes Distilled from Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis). Highly prized for its fragrance.[1]
ajwain Distilled from the leaves of Bishop's weed (Carum copticum). Oil contains 35-65% thymol.[2]
angelica Distilled from the root of Angelica archangelica.[3]
anise Yes Yes Yes From the Pimpinella anisum, rich odor of licorice, used medicinally.[4]
asafoetida Used medicinally and to flavor food
balsam of Peru From the Myroxylon, used in food and drink for flavoring, in perfumes and toiletries for fragrance, and in medicine and pharmaceutical items for healing properties.
basil Used in making perfumes, as well as in aromatherapy.
bay Used in perfumery; Aromatherapeutic for sprains, colds, flu, insomnia, rheumatism.
bergamot Used in aromatherapy and in perfumes.
black pepper Distilled from the berries of Piper nigrum. The warm, soothing effect makes it ideal for treating muscle aches, pains and strains and promoting healthy digestion. [according to whom?]
buchu Made from the buchu shrub. Considered toxic and no longer widely used.[citation needed] Formerly used medicinally.
birch Aromatheapeutic for gout, Rheumatism, Eczema, Ulcers.
camphor Used for cold, cough, fever, rheumatism, and arthritis.
cannabis Used as a flavoring in foods, primarily candy and beverages. Also used as a scent in perfumes, cosmetics, soaps, and candles.[5]
calamondin or Calamansi From a citrus tree in the Philippines extracted via cold press or steam distillation.
caraway Used a flavoring in foods. Also used in mouthwashes, toothpastes, etc. as a flavoring agent.[6]
cardamom Used in aromatherapy and other medicinal applications. Extracted from seeds of subspecies of Zingiberaceae (ginger). Also used as a fragrance in soaps, perfumes, etc.
carrot seed oil Used in aromatherapy.
cedar oil or cedarwood oil Primarily used in perfumes and fragrances.
chamomile There are many varieties of chamomile but only two are used in aromatherapy- Roman and German. Both have similar healing properties but German chamomile contains a higher level of azulin (an anti-inflammatory agent).
calamus oil Used medicinally, in perfumery and (formerly) as a food additive
cinnamon oil Used for flavoring and medicinally.
citron oil Used in Ayurvedic medicine and perfumery.
Citronella oil From a plant related to lemon grass is used as an insect repellent, as well as medicinally.
clary sage oil Used in perfumery and as an additive flavoring in some alcoholic beverages. [7]
clove oil Used as a topical anesthetic to relieve dental pain. [medical citation needed]
coffee Used to flavor food.
coriander
costmary oil or bible leaf oil Formerly used medicinally in Europe; still used as such in southwest Asia. [8] Discovered to contain up to 12.5% of the toxin ß-thujone. [9]
costus root oil Used medicinally.
cranberry seed oil Equally high in omega-3 omega-6 fatty acids, primarily used in the cosmetic industry.
cubeb oil Used medicinally and to flavor foods.
cumin oil or black seed oil Used as a flavor, particularly in meat products. Also used in veterinary medicine.
Cypress oil Used in cosmetics and medicine.
cypriol oil
curry leaf oil Used medicinally and to flavor food.
davana oil From the Artemisia pallens, used as a perfume ingredient and as a germicide.
dill oil Chemically almost identical to caraway seed oil. High carvone content.
elecampane oil Used in herbal medicine.
eucalyptus oil Historically used as a germicide. Commonly used in cough medicine, among other medicinal uses.[10][unreliable medical source?]
fennel seed oil Used medicinally, particularly for treating colic in infants.
fenugreek oil Used medicinally and for cosmetics from ancient times.
fir oil [which?]
frankincense oil Used for aromatherapy and in perfumes.
galangal Used medicinally and to flavor food.
galbanum oil Used in perfumery.[11][12]
Geranium oil Also referred to as Geranol. Used in herbal medicine,[13] particularly in aromatherapy. Also used for hormonal imbalance[14], for this reason geranium is often considered to be "female" oil. Used in perfumery as well.[13]
Ginger oil Used medicinally in many cultures[15], and has been studied extensively as a nausea treatment,[16][17][18] where it was found more effective than placebo.
Goldenrod oil Used in herbal medicine, including treatment of urological problems. [19]
Grapefruit oil Extracted from the peel of the fruit. Used in aromatherapy. Contains 90% limonene.[citation needed] Grapefruit (and other citrus) has been found to contain DMT.[20] Since DMT is a Schedule I controlled substance, owning any variety of material containing it is a felony in the United States, making owning Citrus fruit or extracts thereof a felony.[21]
Henna oil Used in body art. Known to be dangerous to people with certain enzyme deficiencies.[22] Pre-mixed pastes are considered dangerous, primarily due to adulterants.[23][24]
Helichrysum oil
Hickory nut oil
Horseradish oil
Hyssop
Idaho Tansy
Jasmine oil Used for its flowery fragrance.
Juniper berry oil Used as a flavor. Also used medicinally, including traditional medicine.
Laurus nobilis
Lavender oil Used primarily as a fragrance. Also used medicinally.
Ledum
Lemon oil Similar in fragrance to the fruit. Unlike other essential oils, lemon oil is usually cold pressed. Used medicinally, as an antiseptic, and in cosmetics. Owning lemon extract is currently considered a felony.[21]
Lemongrass Highy fragrant grass from India, used to help treat fevers and infections. The oil is very useful for insect repellent.
Lime Anti septic, anti viral, astringent, aperitif, bactericidal, disinfectant, febrifuge, haemostatic, restorative and tonic.
Litsea cubeba Lemon-like scent, often used in perfumes and aromatherapy.
Linaloe
Mandarin
Marjoram
Melaleuca See Tea tree oil
Melissa oil (Lemon balm) Sweet smelling oil used primarily medicinally, particularly in aromatherapy.
Mint Used in flavoring toothpastes, mouthwashes and pharmaceuticals, as well as in aromatherapy and other medicinal applications.
Moringa oil Can be used directly on the skin and hair. It can also be used in soap and as a base for other cosmetics.
Mountain Savory
Mugwort oil Used in ancient times for medicinal and magical purposes. Currently considered to be a neurotoxin.
Mustard oil Containing a high percentage of allyl isothiocyanate or other isothiocyanates, depending on the species of mustard
Myrrh Warm, slightly musty smell. Used medicinally.
Myrtle
Neem oil
Neroli Produced from the blossom of the bitter orange tree.
Nutmeg oil
Orange oil Like lemon oil, cold pressed rather than distilled. Consists of 90% d-Limonene. Used as a fragrance, in cleaning products and in flavoring foods. Owning orange extract is currently considered a felony.[21]
Oregano Contains thymol and carvacrol, making it a useful fungicide. Also used to treat digestive problems.[25][unreliable medical source?]
Orris oil Extracted from the roots of the Florentine iris (Iris florentina), Iris germanica' and Iris pallida. It is used as a flavouring agent, in perfume, and medicinally.[26]
Palo Santo
Parsley Used in soaps, detergents, colognes, cosmetics and perfumes, especially men's fragrances.
Patchouli Very common ingredient in perfumes.
Perilla essential oil Extracted from the leaves of the perilla plant. Contains about 50–60% perillaldehyde.
Pennyroyal oil Highly toxic. It is abortifacient and can even in small quantities cause acute liver and lung damage.
Peppermint oil Used in a wide variety of medicinal applications.
Petitgrain
Pine oil Used as a disinfectant, and in aromatherapy.
Ravensara
Red Cedar
Roman Chamomile
Rose oil Distilled from rose petals, Used primarily as a fragrance.
Rosehip oil Distilled from the seeds of the Rosa rubiginosa or Rosa mosqueta. Used medicinally.
Rosemary oil Distilled from the flowers of Rosmarinus officinalis. Used in aromatherapy, topically to sooth muscles, and medicinal for its antibacterial and antifungal properties.[27][unreliable medical source?]
Rosewood oil Used primarily for skin care applications. Also used medicinally.
Sage oil Used medicinally.
Sandalwood oil Used primarily as a fragrance, for its pleasant, woody fragrance.[28]
Sassafras oil From sassafras root bark. Used in aromatherapy, soap-making, perfumes, and the like. Formerly used as a spice, and as the primary flavoring of root beer, inter alia.
Savory oil From Satureja species. Used in aromatherapy, cosmetic and soap-making applications.
Schisandra oil From Schisandra chinensis, used medicinally.
Spearmint Often used in flavoring mouthwash and chewing gum, among other applications.
Spikenard Used medicinally.
Spruce Has calming and elevating properties. It can be used as a topical application for muscular aches and pains, poor circulation, and rheumatism. Spruce Oil has also been used to improve breathing conditions of asthma, bronchitis, coughs, and general weakness.
Star anise Highly fragrant oil using in cooking. Also used in perfumery and soaps, has been used in toothpastes, mouthwashes, and skin creams.[29] 90% of the world's star anise crop is used in the manufacture of Tamiflu, a drug used to treat influenza, and is hoped to be useful for avian flu
Tangerine
Tarragon oil Distilled from Artemisia dracunculus, used medicinally.
Tea tree oil Extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia; promoted for medicinal use, but with limited evidence of effectiveness.
Thyme oil Used medicinally.
Tsuga Belongs to the pine tree family. It is used as analgesic, antirheumatic, blood cleanser, and stimulant. It treats cough, respiratory conditions, kidney ailments, urinary infections.
Turmeric Used medicinally and to flavor food
Valerian Used for insomnia, migraines, nervous dyspepsia, and dandruff.
Vetiver oil or Khus oil A thick, amber oil, primarily from India. Used as a fixative in perfumery, and in aromatherapy
Western red cedar
Wintergreen Can be used as an analgesic, anodyne, anti rheumatic & anti arthritic, anti spasmodic, anti septic, aromatic, astringent, carminative, diuretic, emenagogue and stimulant
Yarrow oil Used medicinally, to relieve joint pain.
Ylang-ylang Used for calming, antiseptic, and aphrodisiac purposes, as well as hypertension and skin diseases.
zedoary Yes Yes Used medicinally and to flavor food.

The above table is a work in progress. You can help by adding {{ya}} where applicable.

References

  1. ^ "Agar". Nagaon. Archived from the original on 2006-09-20. Retrieved 2006-11-17.
  2. ^ Ajwain Essential Oil, from the EssentialOil.in Web site, which sells essential oils.
  3. ^ "Angelica Root". Hippylife. Retrieved 2006-08-17.
  4. ^ "Anise". Hippylife. Retrieved 2006-08-17.
  5. ^ Hemp: A New Crop with New Uses for North America, from the Purdue University NewCROP Web site.
  6. ^ Caraway oil, from the Victoria, Australia Department of Primary Industries Web site.
  7. ^ Clebsch, Betsy; Barner, Carol D. (2003). The New Book of Salvias. Timber Press. p. 261. ISBN 978-0-88192-560-9.
  8. ^ Cumo, Christopher (2013). Encyclopedia of Cultivated Plants A-F. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. pp. 329–332. ISBN 978-1-59884-774-1.
  9. ^ Tanacetum Balsamita L.: A Medicinal Plant from Guadalajara (Spain), ISHS Acta Horticulturae 306: International Symposium on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, XXIII IHC
  10. ^ Eucalyptus oil
  11. ^ LAWRENCE, B.M; "Progress in Essential Oils" 'Perfumer and Flavorist' August/September 1978 vol 3, No 4 p 54
  12. ^ McANDREW, B.A; MICHALKIEWICZ, D.M; "Analysis of Galbanum Oils". Dev Food Sci. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publications 1988 v 18 pp 573 – 585
  13. ^ a b "Pelargoniums - An Herb Society of America Fact Sheet" (PDF). The Herb Society of America. 2006. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
  14. ^ "Apple Geranium". Natural Medicinal Herbs.
  15. ^ "Ginger, NCCIH Herbs at a Glance". US National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  16. ^ Marx, WM; Teleni L; McCarthy AL; Vitetta L; McKavanagh D; Thomson D; Isenring E. (2013). "Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a systematic literature review". Nutr Rev. 71 (4): 245–54. doi:10.1111/nure.12016. PMID 23550785.
  17. ^ Ernst, E.; Pittler, M.H. (1 March 2000). "Efficacy of ginger for nausea and vomiting: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials" (PDF). British Journal of Anesthesia. 84 (3): 367–371. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bja.a013442. PMID 10793599. Retrieved 6 September 2006.
  18. ^ O'Connor, Anahad (August 21, 2007). "The Claim: Eating Ginger Can Cure Motion Sickness". The New York Times.
  19. ^ Melzig, M. F. (November 2004). "Goldenrod--a classical exponent in the urological phytotherapy". Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946). 154 (21–22): 523–7. doi:10.1007/s10354-004-0118-4. ISSN 0043-5341. PMID 15638071.
  20. ^ Servillo, Luigi; Giovane, Alfonso; Balestrieri, Maria Luisa; Casale, Rosario; Cautela, Domenico; Castaldo, Domenico (May 2013). "Citrus Genus Plants Contain N-Methylated Tryptamine Derivatives and Their 5-Hydroxylated Forms". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 61 (21): 5156–5162. doi:10.1021/jf401448q. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  21. ^ a b c "Title 21 United States Code (USC) Controlled Substances Act". US Department of Justice. Retrieved 13 May 2016. (Schedule I)(c) Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation, which contains any quantity of the following hallucinogenic substances, or which contains any of their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation:, (Schedule I)(c)(6) Dimethyltryptamine.
  22. ^ Raupp P, Hassan JA, Varughese M, Kristiansson B (November 2001). "Henna causes life threatening haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 85 (5): 411–2. doi:10.1136/adc.85.5.411. PMC 1718961. PMID 11668106.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ Dron P, Lafourcade MP, Leprince F, et al. (June 2007). "Allergies associated with body piercing and tattoos: a report of the Allergy Vigilance Network". European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 39 (6): 189–92. PMID 17713170.
  24. ^ Kang IJ, Lee MH (July 2006). "Quantification of para-phenylenediamine and heavy metals in henna dye". Contact Dermatitis. 55 (1): 26–9. doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.00845.x. PMID 16842550.
  25. ^ Oregano oil
  26. ^ "Orris oil". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 2006-11-20.
  27. ^ Rosemary
  28. ^ FAO. "Sandalwood oil". Flavours and fragances of plant origin. Retrieved 2006-07-25.
  29. ^ J.E. Simon, A.F. Chadwick and L.E. Craker (1984). "Anise". Herbs: An Indexed Bibliography., cited on the Purdue Center for New Crops Web site
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