Sofia Ivanovna Tyutcheva
Sofia Tyutcheva | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Born | 3 March 1870 Smolensk |
| Died | 31 August 1957 Muranovo |
| Noble family | Tyutchev |
| Father | Ivan Fedorovich Tyutchev |
| Mother | Olga Nikolaevna Putyat |
| Occupation | Teacher |
Sofia Ivanovna Tyutcheva (3 March 1870, Smolensk - 31 August 1957, Muranovo) was a granddaughter of Fyodor Tyutchev, maid of honour, and teacher of the daughters of Nikolai II of Russia.[1][2]
Biography[edit]
Sofia was borth the eldest daughter of the statesman and public figure Ivan Feodorvich Tyutchev (1846-1909), the son of poet Fyodor Tyutchev, and Olga Nikolaevna (nee Putyata, 1840-1920).[3] She was born in Smolensk, where her father served in the Chamber of Criminal and Civil courts,[4] and then as an associate prosecutor in the Smolensk District Court. In 1872, Ivan Tyuthcev was appointed a member of the Moscow District Court, and in 1875, he was elected magistrate of the Dmitrov district of Moscow province.[5] From that time on, the family lived permanently in Muranovo.
She received an education at home. In 1896, Sofia Tyutcheva was made a maid of honour to Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. Distinguised by her active and hardworking character, in her free time from duties, she worked in various charitable institutions under the patronage of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna.[1] During the Russo-Japanese War, she was in charge of accounting for a warehouse at the Special Committee for Assistance to Soldiers in the Grand Kremlin Palace, where donationns for the welfare of the soldiers were collected.[6] She also worked for the Society for the Care of Children of Poor Parents.[6]
In January of 1907, Sofia Ivanovna was appointed as a governess for the daughters of Nikolai II and held this position unti June 1912.[7][8] She would later record her memories from this time with the Imperial family in 1945, which were published in 1997.
According to contemporaries who knew her personally, she was direct, honest, and democratic. She knew how to endure all surprises of fate and stand firmly on her feet. She combined great intelligence, independence of judgement, dedication, and love for children.[6] One contemporary wrote:[9]
"She did not obey the demands of her elders, she led her own line with the royal children. It is possible that her educational direction was more rational, but it was not her taste, and she persisted, like all the Tyutchevs, she was stubborn and persistent."
In 1912, Tyutcheva was fired.[10] According to her, this was because she had seen Grigori Rasputin, enter the room of the grand duchesses without permission, where they were dressed in nightgowns, and bless them for bed, which she then reported to the Emperor. Lili Dehn, friend of the Empress, describes this differently:[11]
"Mademoiselle Tyutcheva was never the governess of Their Highnesses and could not see Rasputin blessing them, since this did not happen. The Emperor would not have allowed this to happen even if Her Majesty had wished it. Well, the Empress did not at all believe that such a procedure was necessary to save the souls of her daughters. And Tyutcheva became a victim of her own arrogance and envy."
According to Dehn, Sofia Tyutcheva had an unyielding, quarrelsome character, and promoted rumours to justify her dismissal.[11] Ultimately, her constant dissatisfaction led to the Empress dismissing her. Upon her dismissal, the Empress gifted Tyutcheva a hyacinth brooch with diamonds, and invited her to court whenever she was in Saint Petersburg.[6] At this time, the faction against Rasputin was in full swing, so this claim, whether fictitous or not, was circulated with entusiasim.
After her dismissal, Sofia Ivanovna returned to Muranovo where she was involved in the local community. She was godmother of many peasant children, and financially supported families in trouble.[1] She was also involved in raising peasant children who studied atthe Muranovo school founded by her father. In 1920, throught the efforts of her brother, Nikolai Ivanovich Tyutchev, a museum was opened in the estate house. Sofia Ivanovna took part in the analysis of the extensive family archive and the composition of files. She tended to the park and garden, having almost lost her sight in old age. Sofia Ivanovna was a deeply religious person. Until the closure of the Church of the Saviour Not Made by Hands in Muranova, she took an active part in parish life. From the memoirs of her nephew N.V. Pigarev, it is known that "in the post-revolutionary years, naturally, there were no cleaners in the church. The order in the temple and all the cleaning was done by Aunt Sofia Ivanovna."[2]
Sofia Ivanovna Tyutcheva died in Muranova, on 31 August 1957. She was buried in the village of Rakhmanovo, near Muranovo.[12]
Reference section[edit]
- ^ a b c "С.А.Долгополова, В.И.Малютина. Двойной портрет Тютчевых". www.nasledie-rus.ru. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
- ^ a b Nikolay Pigarev. Home children. // Moscow pedigree. - Moscow, 1998. - P. 175.
- ^ "Генеалогическое древо Ф.И. Тютчева: Иван Федорович Тютчев". www.ruthenia.ru. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
- ^ "Музей-заповедник усадьба Мураново имени Ф.Тютчева - Не просто сын поэта". 2019-06-27. Archived from the original on 2019-06-27. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
- ^ "Императорское Училище Правоведения и Правоведы в годы мира, войны и смуты — Историко-биографические данные воспитанников (4)". genrogge.ru. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
- ^ a b c d Tyutcheva, Sofya Ivanovna. За несколько лет до катастрофы [Several years before the disaster] (in Russian).
- ^ "Музей-заповедник усадьба Мураново имени Ф.Тютчева - Архив новостей". 2019-06-27. Archived from the original on 2019-06-27. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
- ^ "Музей-заповедник усадьба Мураново имени Ф.Тютчева - октября 2017". 2020-09-30. Archived from the original on 2020-09-30. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
- ^ Bogdanovich A. The last three autocrats. - Moscow, 1990. - P. 511.
- ^ Radzinsky, Edvard (2000). The Rasputin File. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-48909-9.
- ^ a b Dehn, Lily. Подлинная царица [A True Queen] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2020-06-04.
- ^ Svirin A.N. People, things, nature // Monuments of the Fatherland (Muranovo). 2003. No. 58. pp. 151-153.