Richard Burke, 4th Earl of Clanricarde
Richard Burke | |
|---|---|
| Earl of Clanricarde | |
| Tenure | 1601–1635 |
| Predecessor | Ulick Burke, 3rd Earl of Clanricarde |
| Successor | Ulick Burke, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde |
| Born | 1572 |
| Died | 12 November 1635 |
| Spouse(s) | Frances Walsingham |
| Issue Detail | Ulick, & others |
| Father | Ulick, 3rd Earl of Clanricarde |
| Mother | Honora Burke |
Richard Burke, 4th Earl of Clanricarde (also Richard de Burgh) (English: /dˈbɜːr/; d'-BER; English: /klænˈrɪkɑːrd/; klan-RIK-ard; 1572 – 12 November 1635), styled Lord Dunkellin (/dʌnˈkɛlɪn/; dun-KELL-in) until 1601, was an Irish nobleman and politician.
He was the son of Ulick Burke, 3rd Earl of Clanricarde. Knighted in 1602 for his exploits as leader of the English cavalry during the Battle of Kinsale, he would later serve as Governor of Connaught from 1604 to 1616, and as a member of the Privy Council of Ireland. Having established himself as the largest and most influential landowner in Connacht, his later life was characterized by animosity between him and an increasingly hostile and acquisitive Dublin government.
Birth and origins[edit]
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Richard was born in 1572, the second but eldest surviving son of Ulick Burke[1] and his wife Honora Burke. His father was the 3rd Earl of Clanricarde. His father's family was Old English and descended from William de Burgh (died 1206) who arrived in Ireland during the reign of King Henry II, and was the founder of the House of Burgh in Ireland.[2]
His mother was a daughter of John Burke of Clogheroka and Tullyra, County Galway.[3] Her family was a cadet branch of his father's line.
Richard had brothers and sisters who are listed in his father's article.
Early life[edit]
Burke studied at Christ Church, Oxford from 1584 to 1598 and completed an M.A. degree.[4] Burke fought for Queen Elizabeth I against the rebel Irish lords and their Spanish allies during the Nine Years' War.
Clanricarde[edit]
On 20 May 1601 Burke succeeded his father as the 4th Earl of Clanricarde.[5]
Marriage and children[edit]
In 1603, Clanricarde married Frances Walsingham, the widow of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, daughter of Francis Walsingham.[5]
Richard and Frances had one son:
—and two daughters:
- Mary, married Edward Butler of Ballinahinch, 6th son of James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond as his 2nd wife[7]
- Honora (d. 1661), married 1st Garrat McCloghlan and 2ndly John Paulet, 5th Marquis of Winchester[8]
Later life[edit]
By 1633 he was not only one of the principal landowners in Ireland, but virtually all-powerful in County Galway. This aroused the resentment of the Dublin Government, which decided to use the method of empanelling juries to "find" defective titles, in order to recover the lands in question for the English Crown. In 1634 Strafford held such a jury in Portumna Castle. However the jury refused to deliver the desired verdict.[9]
Death[edit]
The treatment that Clanricarde experienced from the Lord Deputy of Ireland, Thomas Wentworth, was said to have hastened his death in November 1635.[10]
Wentworth, however, pointed to the Earl's advancing years as the obvious cause, and asked sarcastically whether he was to blame for a man being over sixty. The feud, which was continued by Clanricarde's son and heir, was in the long run very damaging to Strafford, who apparently did not reflect on the close connections that Clanricarde, through his wife, had with just that faction of the English nobility, the Rich-Devereux clan, who were most hostile to Strafford.[11]
Arms[edit]
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Notes and references[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ Also see the lists of siblings and children in the text.
Citation[edit]
- ^ Cokayne 1913, p. 230. "... 2nd but 1st surviv. s. [surviving son] and h. [heir] "
- ^ Burke & Burke 1915, p. 454, right column. "William FitzAdelm was sent by Henry II, with Hugh de Lacie, into Ireland to receive the submission of Roderick O'Conor, King of Connaught."
- ^ Cokayne 1913, p. 230, line 9. "He [the 3rd Earl] m. 25 Nov. 1564, at Athenry, co. Galway, Honora da. [daughter] of John Burke, of Clogheroka and Tullyra, co. Galway."
- ^ Cokayne 1913, p. 230, line 14. "He matric. at Oxford (Ch. Ch.) 18 Dec. 1584, being then aged 12. M.A. 10 July 1698, as baro de Dunkellyn."
- ^ a b Burke & Burke 1915, p. 456, right column, line 34. "His lordship d. [died] 20 May 1601 and was s. [succeeded] by his eldest son, Richard, 4th Earl ..."
- ^ Burke & Burke 1915, p. 456, right column, line 46. "Ulick, 5th Earl and marquess of Clanricarde ..."
- ^ Burke & Burke 1915, p. 456, right column, line 47. "Mary m. Hon. Edward Butler of Cloughinche, 6th son of James, 9th Earl of Ormonde ..."
- ^ Burke & Burke 1915, p. 456, right column, line 49. "Honora m. 1st Garratt McCoghlan of Clocnecknose, son and heir of Sir John McCoghlan, Knt., of Cloghan, King's Co. He d. [died] 17 April 1629, leaving issue. She m. 2ndly, about 1645, John, 5th Marquess of Winchester, and d. 10 March 1661 ..."
- ^ Adams 1904, p. 317. "The Earl of Strafford held a council in the castle in 1634 to establish the King's title in Connaught. The jury, however, negatived the matter, whereupon the Earl arrested them and the sheriff, and sent them prisoners to Dublin."
- ^ Cokayne 1913, p. 231, line 13. "He [the 4th Earl] d. [died] 12 Nov. 1635 and was bur. [buried] there [Tunbridge] aged about 63."
- ^ "Burke, Richard | Dictionary of Irish Biography". dib.ie. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
- ^ Burke, John; Burke, Bernard (1844). Encyclopædia of Heraldry: Or General Armory of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Comprising a Registry of All Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time, Including the Late Grants by the College of Arms. H. G. Bohn.
- ^ Burke, Bernard (1884). The general armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales; comprising a registry of armorial bearings from the earliest to the present time. University of California Libraries. London : Harrison & sons.
Sources[edit]
- Adams, Constance Louisa (1904). Castles of Ireland – Some Fortress Histories and Legends. London: Elliot Stock. OCLC 751487142.
- Burke, Bernard; Burke, Ashworth Peter (1915). A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage and Baronetage, the Privy Council, Knightage and Companionage (77th ed.). London: Harrison. OCLC 1155471554.
- Cokayne, George Edward (1913). Gibbs, Vicary (ed.). The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant. Vol. III (2nd ed.). London: St Catherine Press. OCLC 228661424. – Canonteign to Cutts (for Clanricarde)
Further reading[edit]
- Lennon, Colm (2004). "Burke, Richard, fourth earl of Clanricarde". In Matthew, Henry Colin Gray; Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 8. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 843. ISBN 0-19-861411-X.
- Wedgwood, Cicely Veronica (1961). Thomas Wentworth, First Earl of Strafford 1593–1641. A Revaluation. London: Jonathan Cape. OCLC 1068569885.
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