Personal union of Great Britain and Hanover
Great Britain-Hanover | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1714–1837 | |||||||||||||
 Map of Great Britain (dark green), Ireland and Hanover (light green) in 1789 | |||||||||||||
| Status | Personal union | ||||||||||||
| Capital | London and Hanover | ||||||||||||
| King | |||||||||||||
• 1714–1727 | George I | ||||||||||||
• 1727–1760 | George II | ||||||||||||
• 1760–1820 | George III | ||||||||||||
• 1820–1830 | George IV | ||||||||||||
• 1830–1837 | William IV | ||||||||||||
| Historical era | Modern period | ||||||||||||
• Established | 1714 | ||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1837 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
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The personal union between Great Britain and Hanover existed from 1714 to 1837. During this time, the Elector of Braunschweig-Lüneburg or King of Hanover was also King of Great Britain. With the Act of Settlement in 1701, the English Parliament created the basis for the Protestant succession of the House of Hanover to the throne in the Kingdom of England, later the Kingdom of Great Britain. Different succession rules led to the dissolution of the personal union.
After the death of Queen Anne Stuart of Great Britain, who had no descendants, the Elector of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Georg Ludwig, inherited the British royal crown in 1714 as the closest Protestant relative in accordance with the Act of Settlement of 1701. Through this personal union, Georg Ludwig connected Great Britain with the German Electorate, which thus became one of the most powerful in the Holy Roman Empire. However, Hanover was to retain its independence, which is why the state treasury and government affairs remained separate. Electoral Hanover was administered and governed by the German Chancery in London and the Hanover minister there as well as the Privy Council in Hanover, who consulted with the ruler and carried out his instructions. Only Georg Ludwig and his son Georg August still traveled to the Electorate. The personal union only ended in 1837 with the accession of Queen Victoria to the throne, since in the Kingdom of Hanover, the successor state to the Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, only male descendants could inherit the throne according to the Salian law of succession. Therefore, control in Hanover passed to Victoria's uncle, Ernst August, Duke of Cumberland.[1]
Monarchs[edit]
The succession to the throne of the personal union:
- George I (from August 1, 1714)
- George II (from October 11th, 1727)
- George III (from October 25, 1760)
- George IV (from January 29, 1820)
- William IV (from June 26, 1830 to June 20, 1837)
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Drögereit, Richard (1949). Quellen zur Geschichte Kurhannovers im Zeitalter der Personalunion mit England, 1714-1803 (in German). A. Lax.
Literature[edit]
- Ronald G. Asch (publ.): Hannover, Großbritannien und Europa. Erfahrungsraum Personalunion 1714–1837 (= Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Niedersachsen und Bremen 277). Wallstein-Verlag, Göttingen 2014, ISBN 978-3-8353-1584-6
- Heide Barmeyer (publ.): Hannover und die englische Thronfolge (=Hannoversche Schriften zur Regional- und Lokalgeschichte Band 19). Bielefeld 2005.
- Torsten Riotte: Hannover in der britischen Politik, 1792–1815. Dynastische Verbindung als Element außenpolitischer Entscheidungsprozesse. Historia profana et ecclesiastica Bd. 13, Lit, Münster 2005, ISBN 3-8258-7551-2
- Torsten Riotte, B. Simms (publ.): The Hanoverian Dimension in British History. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2007, ISBN 978-0-521-84222-8
- Georg Schnath: Geschichte Hannovers im Zeitalter der neunten Kur und der englischen Sukzession 1674–1714. 4 Bände. Lax, Hildesheim/Leipzig 1938–1982.