Orka-class submarine

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Artist impression
Class overview
NameOrka class
BuildersNaval Group
Operators Royal Netherlands Navy
Preceded byWalrus class
Cost
  • €3.5 billion (2018) for 4 units
  • €4.64 billion (2020) for 4 units
  • €5.6 billion (2024) for 4 units
In commission2034+
Planned4
General characteristics [1]
TypeDiesel-electric attack submarine
Displacement3,300 t (3,248 long tons) surfaced
Length82 m (269 ft 0 in)
Beam8.2 m (26 ft 11 in)
PropulsionDiesel-electric with lithium-ion batteries
Range15,000 nmi (28,000 km; 17,000 mi)
Crew35 to 43 (plus at least 16 additional berths)
Armament

The Orka-class submarine is a future submarine class currently planned for the Royal Netherlands Navy. The submarines will replace the aging Walrus class.

History[edit]

Plans were announced by Dutch Minister of Defence, Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert, in November 2014 to replace the Walrus-class submarines with four new submarines in 2025.[2] By 2017, there was still no political agreement on the quantity or type of new submarines to be ordered; nor the tasks they were expected to perform. However, it seems certain that they will be replaced, since the alleged Russian threat was regarded as an incentive to invest in a new class. The Minister of Defence, however, delayed the replacement by two years, until 2027. Roughly, there are two groups in the Dutch parliament – one in favor of replacing the Walrus class by an equally capable class of large, expeditionary, diesel-electric submarine, and the other in favor of choosing a cheaper solution of smaller diesel-electrics, similar to Swedish and German submarines. It is unknown where the new boats will be built; since the Dutch RDM shipyard (the only Dutch yard capable of building submarines) is no longer in operation. The Defensienota (Defense policy for the coming years) of March 2018 revealed that the Dutch government is still planning to replace the Walrus-class submarines,[3] with an allocated budget of more than 2.5 billion euros for the new submarines. Additional information on how to proceed with the replacement was expected at the end of 2018, when the Dutch Minister of Defence, Ank Bijleveld, was to send a so-called B-letter to the Dutch parliament.[3] Minister Bijleveld also underlined in an interview that the new submarines should have the same niche capabilities as the current Walrus-class submarines: the ability to operate and gather intelligence in both shallow water close to the coast and in deep water in the ocean.[4] In mid-2021 it was indicated that the revised plan was to take a decision on the replacement type in 2022 and to have the first vessel in service by 2028, with the first two boats to be in service by 2031.[5] However, by October 2021 it was reported that this timeline was no longer feasible. Instead, the Dutch Ministry of Defence signalled that the envisaged dates would have to be "substantially adjusted", likely impacting the originally proposed in-service dates for the first submarines.[6] In April 2022 it was announced that the revised schedule for construction of the new replacement boats would likely see the first two vessels entering service in the 2034 to 2037 timeframe.[7]

On 16 November 2022 the next phase in the program was started when DMO delivered the request for quotation (RfQ) to the three remaining yards. It is expected that the proposals will come in during the summer of 2023 with a final decision being made by the navy in late 2023 or early 2024.[8]

Contenders[edit]

The Ministry of Defence has shortlisted three bidders:[9][10]

  • Damen Group and Saab Group announced that they have partnered from 2015 to jointly develop, offer and build next-generation submarines that are able to replace the current Walrus-class submarines.[11] It was announced on 1 June 2018 that their design will be derived from the A26 submarine.[12] The proposed submarine is around 73 metres (239 ft 6 in) long with a beam of 8 metres (26 ft 3 in). Furthermore, the displacement will be around 2,900 tonnes (2,900 long tons), with a complement of 34 to 42 people. The boat's armament includes six torpedo tubes and one multi-mission lock which can be used to deploy special forces.[12] On 28 July 2023 they submitted a submarine design for the Walrus class replacement program that is called C718.[13] The offer includes knowledge transfer so that the Royal Netherlands Navy can perform maintenance and upgrade the submarines during their lifespan by themselves.[14][15]
  • Naval Group announced that it is offering its newest submarine class, the Barracuda class, as replacement for the Walrus class. A version of the "Shortfin" diesel-electric variant Barracuda class was offered, rather than the nuclear variant used by the French Navy.[16]

Spain's Navantia's S-80 was not accepted as a contender following the B-letter in 2019.[18] In 2022 the Spanish Ministry of Defence sent a letter to the Dutch DMO for Navantia to be allowed to put in an offer following a RfQ sent to the remaining contenders, in which some of the requirements have changed. It is rumoured that the request was denied by DMO.[19]

Winning bid[edit]

On 15 March 2024 State Secretary for Defence Christophe van der Maat officially announced that Naval Group has been selected as the winning bid.[20][21][22] Prior to this announcement, the winner was already leaked to several media outlets, which caused political backlash for choosing a foreign yard over a Dutch one.[23] In April 2024 it was reported that the bid of Naval Group was 1.5 billion euro's cheaper than the project budget.[24][25] The same month it was also announced which ten Dutch companies and two knowledge institutes will be involved in the construction of the Orka class submarines.[26]

The names of the new submarines where also announced by van der Maat. The class will be known as the Orka class, with the subs named Orka (Orca), Zwaardvis (Swordfish), Barracuda (Barracuda) and Tijgerhaai (Tiger shark). The first two will be delivered within ten years after the contract has been signed.[20][21][22]

Ships in class[edit]

Orka class construction data
Pennant no. Name Builder Laid down Launched Commissioned Status
TBA Orka Naval Group Announced
TBA Zwaardvis Announced
TBA Barracuda Announced
TBA Tijgerhaai Announced

See also[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ "Les Pays-Bas sélectionnent l'offre française de Naval Group pour leurs futurs sous-marins" (in French). Mer et Marine. 15 March 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  2. ^ "Swedes, Dutch partner for future submarine work". UPI.com. 22 January 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Defensienota 2018" (in Dutch). Dutch Ministry of Defense. 26 March 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  4. ^ "We gaan niet oplappen, we gaan vernieuwen". bndestem.nl (in Dutch). BNDeStem. 27 March 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  5. ^ "Dutch Navy Walrus-class submarine replacement project in progress". Navyrecognition.com. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  6. ^ "Netherlands' Walrus-Class Submarine Replacement Program Facing Delays". Naval News. 31 October 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  7. ^ "Netherlands To Extend The Life Of Walrus Class Submarines". Naval News. 3 April 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  8. ^ "Nieuwe fase: vanaf november gaan onderzeebootbouwers met offerte aan de slag" (in Dutch). Marineschepen. 30 September 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  9. ^ "The Netherlands: three bidders shortlisted for submarine replacement program". Naval Today. 16 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  10. ^ "One bidder out, three remain in Dutch race to replace Walrus subs". Defense News. 17 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  11. ^ "Saab and Damen Team for Walrus Future Submarine Replacement Programme". www.damen.com. 20 January 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  12. ^ a b "Meer details voorstel nieuwe Nederlandse onderzeeboot van Saab en Damen" (in Dutch). Marineschepen. 5 June 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  13. ^ Jaime Karremann (28 July 2023). "Vervanging onderzeeboten: drie werven hebben hun offertes ingeleverd". Marineschepen.nl (in Dutch).
  14. ^ "Saab offers four Expeditionary Submarines to the Netherlands". Naval News. 28 July 2023.
  15. ^ "Saab offers proposes C718 Expeditionary Submarines to replace current Netherlands subs". Navy Recognition. 28 July 2023.
  16. ^ "Franse werf Naval Group wil Nederland dieselelektrische variant van nucleaire onderzeeboot Barracuda aanbieden" (in Dutch). Marineschepen. 1 May 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  17. ^ "Netherlands downselects contenders for submarine replacement". Jane's 360. 16 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  18. ^ "Navantia woest: redenen voor uitschakeling "slaan nergens op"" (in Dutch). Marineschepen. 20 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  19. ^ "Spanje heeft om terugkeer in race Nederlandse onderzeeboten gevraagd" (in Dutch). Marineschepen. 17 October 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  20. ^ a b "Bouw nieuwe onderzeeboten voorlopig gegund aan Naval" (in Dutch). Dutch Ministry of Defense. 15 March 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  21. ^ a b "Defensie bevestigt miljardenproject: nieuwe onderzeeërs heten Orka, Zwaardvis, Barracuda en Tijgerhaai" (in Dutch). RTL Nieuws. 15 March 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  22. ^ a b "The Netherlands Select Naval Group For Its New Submarines". Naval News. 15 March 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  23. ^ "Kamerdebat onderzeeboten: zorgen en veel aandacht voor Nederlandse industrie, maar geen ingreep" (in Dutch). Marineschepen.nl. 14 March 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  24. ^ Eric Vrijsen (3 April 2024). "Vier onderzeeërs halen, drie betalen: te mooi om waar te zijn?". EW magazine (in Dutch).
  25. ^ Jaime Karremann (12 April 2024). "Saab ziet af van juridische stappen na verlies onderzeebootaanbesteding". Marineschepen.nl (in Dutch).
  26. ^ Jelmer Bastiaans (5 April 2024). "Franse Naval Group maakt bekend welke tien Nederlandse bedrijven meebouwen aan nieuwe onderzeeboten". Schuttevaer (in Dutch).
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