Mary Skeaping

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mary Skeaping
MBE
Photo of Mary Skeaping
Skeaping in Stockholm in 1953
Born
Mary Emma Skeaping

(1902-12-15)15 December 1902
Woodford, London, England
Died9 February 1984(1984-02-09) (aged 81)
St Charles's Hospital, Kensington, London, England
Occupation(s)Ballet dancer, director and producer
Years active1925–1984
Known forReconstructions of long-lost ballets

Mary Emma Skeaping MBE (15 December 1902 – 9 February 1984) was an English ballerina who is better known as a ballet teacher, director, choreographer, and producer. She served as director of the Royal Swedish Ballet in Stockholm for nine years (1953–1962), and became an international authority on ballet from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century.[1]

Biography[edit]

Skeaping was born at Woodford, Essex, on 15 December 1902,[2] the youngest of the four children of Kenneth Mathiason Skeaping (13 December 1856 – 16 May 1946)[2][3][note 2] and Sarah Ann Skeaping née Rattenbury (2 January 1867 – second quarter 1960)[2][9] [note 3]

Her three older siblings were:

The children had an unusual upbringing. They never attended school as children,[note 7] although Skeaping herself attended a convent school later on and got seven honours in the school leaving certificate.[20] In a 1968 interview her brother John recalls her father as saying: ". . . two great qualities that children have are imagination and the power of imitation so the only things they should do is develop their imagination by learning music, dancing, painting, sculpture, and so forth an imitation - they can learn languages. What is stuffed into children against their will over ten years they can forget in six months. What you learn willingly over that ten years, you never forget."[20]

When Skeaping was born the family lived at Kersal Villa, Malmsbury Road, South Woodford, Essex, quite close to Epping Forest, where the children went daily for walks with their father.[20] Some normal childhood activities were forbidden, including football and cycling.[24] In the home, the children were taught to read, grammar, and their tables, but no history or geography. What history Skeaping learned was from historical novels until she cycled daily to a convent school run by a French order of nuns, initially to learn French, but then to take the school leaving certificate. She was much older than the other pupils.[20]

When Skeaping attended at a local dance class with her brother John and sister Sally, the instructor said that their mother should take them up to London for instruction. Eventually, Skeaping and Sally were taking lessons from the Italian Francesca dancer and mime Zanfretta in London, at a guinea a time, with the lessons being paid for by a wealthy man who was a client of their father. John had dropped out of dance lessons and was concentrating on art.[note 8] Their mother accompanied the Skeaping girls to the lessons and took notes to the annoyance of Zanfretta, who objected until their mother threatened to withdraw them altogether. They had a barre in their father's studio at home and practised there between lessons based on the notes taken by their mother. The outbreak of the First World War brought an end to the lessons.[20]

Skeaping was still in Woodford in 1905, but had moved to Cliftonville, Warren Road, Bexleyheath, London, by the time of the 1911 census, and stayed there until at least 1918. By 1929 the electoral register shows Skeaping, living with her parents and eldest brother Kenneth at 2 Eton College Road[note 9], in Camden, London. They were still there ten years later at the time of the 1939 Register in September of that year.[note 10] By 1951, Skeaping was living at 42a Craven Road, Paddington, London,[27] which was to remain her London address for the next 33 years.[28]

Skeaping died on 9 February 1984 at St Charles's Hospital, Kensington, London.[29] Her estate was valued at £116,452.[30] Her passing was marked by obituaries in both The Times[29] and The Stage.[31]

Work[edit]

Initially, Skeaping was training in music at the Royal College of Music where her eldest brother Kenneth was an associate and teacher. When she first auditioned for Pavlova in 1925, it was with the intention of dancing for a season and returning to the Royal College of Music.[20]

While Skeaping's initial ballet training was with Francesca Zanfretta, she also studied with most of the great teachers of the era including Laurent Novikov, Leonide Massine, Seraphina Astafieva, Stanislas Idzikowski, Lubov Egorova, Vera Trefilova and Margaret Craske. Skeaping became a leading exponent of the Cecchetti method[32] under the tutelage of Craske.[33]: 1299 

Skeaping toured as a dancer with Anna Pavlova's company for two seasons, 1925 and 1930–1931. She toured with the Nemchinova-Dolin company from c. 1927.[note 11] She also performed with the Ballet Club, later known as the Rambert Dance Company from c. 1930.[33]: 1298  In the summer of 1930, Skeaping was one of six dancers selected by the Nemichova-Dolin company for a season in The Netherlands.[35]: 44 [note 12]

Berry (who was Skeaping's assistant) describes Skeaping as a technically competent but uninspired dancer whose broad training and insatiable curiosity about all dance forms were an aid in the 1930s when she appeared in appeared in pantomime,[note 13] music halls,[note 14] and cabaret, as well as appearing in classical ballet.[33]: 1299  Browse said that Skeaping's "approach to her dancing was matter-of-fact and workmanlike but tinged with a wry bump of humour."[35]: 35 

While her obituary in The Times states that Skeaping worked in South Africa during the Second World War,[29][note 15] she returned from there in September 1939,[26] and spend the next three years touring the UK with Anna Ivanova of the Ballets Russes and performances as far afield as Perth, Scotland[40] and St. Ives, Cornwall.[41] Their intent was to bring professional performances to remote areas which never had the opportunity of seeing such. They then extended this to tours of the armed forces, and had performed in ships, in air-raid shelters, and in barracks and billets. In Summer 1942 they performed under the auspices of the Western Command#Second World War for the Auxiliary Territorial Service, Women's Auxiliary Air Force, anti-aircraft units and transport personnel.[42] [note 16] Skeaping was still was still working in England up to November 1942, when she performed in a concert at Cambridge in aid of the Civilian Nurses Air Raid Victims' Fund.[43] Her obituary in The Stage states that she went to teach in South Africa during the Second World War, as does the Encyclopedia of Ballet.[44][31][note 17] Skeaping was definitely back in England in January 1946 as she gave a lecture at the Chichester Ballet Club in West Sussex then.[45]

Skeaping came into her own only when she moved from performing into choreography and directing.[29] She was, together with Anna Ivanova, a technical advisors for the film The Little Ballerina by Mary Field Productions.[46] The film was made in the Nettlefold Studios between early December 1946 and late January 1947.[47] It was released by The Rank Organisation in September 1947.[48] This 61-minute drama for children was about a young girl who wants to win a place with the Sadlers Wells ballet.[49][note 18]

Skeaping was ballet mistress for Sadlers Wells Ballet for three years from 1948–1951. In 1951 she was responsible for The Sleeping Beauty for the BBC, the first live transmission of a full-length classical ballet on television.[1] This was not her first encounter with television. In 1933, she had danced in a television broadcast using the Baird process.[51] She then made a two-year tour of the United States, Canada, and Cuba.[39]

Skeaping's appointment as artistic director of the Royal Swedish Ballet of the Royal Swedish Opera in Stockholm in 1953[33]: 1298 [note 19] was a turning point for the Royal Swedish Ballet.[52]: 1222  She established Stockholm as a world centre for the study of the dance styles of earlier centuries.[1] She was assisted in this by her own collection of early works on dance,[33]: 1299  the archives of the Royal Library, and by the accidental preservation of the Drottningholm Court Theatre,[note 20] complete with working machinery, sets, andcostumes dating from the founding of the Ballet.[1]

Nicholas states that the national treasure of the Royal Swedish Ballet resided "in the historical ballets, lovingly reconstructed at the eighteenth-century court theatre of Drottningholm." The first of these was Skeaping's Cupid out of his humour in 1956. This was based on a scenario from 1649.[52]: 1222  It was staged for the state visit by Queen Elizabeth II to Sweden in 1956.[29].[note 21]

Skeaping's term with the Royal Swedish Ballet established her as a leading authority on seventeenth-, eighteenth-, and nineteenth-century ballet.[1] She used her knowledge of late sixteenth-century dance to choreograph a long and striking sequence for the film Anne of the Thousand Days (1970) in which Richard Burton played Henry VIII. Much of her work in Sweden was filmed for Swedish television.[1] The findings of her research into early ballet in Sweden led to her monographBallet under the Three Crowns, (Dance Perspectives No 32., 1967), which was later expanded into two books published in Sweden.[33]: 1299 [note 22] Skeaping was so impressed by Gennaro Magri's Trattato teorico-prattico di ballo (Naples, 1779) that she got the sponsorship of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation and The Radcliffe Trust[note 23] to translate it into English. She died before she could complete the work and it was finished by her assistant Irmgard Berry and was published in 1988.[57][33]: 1299 

In the 1960s Skeaping's work on early dance was the basis for the first two programmes of Ballet For All, the education section of England's Royal Ballet. This work gave Skeaping the chance to experiment in recreating the original choreography for Giselle, for which some sections of the original score had been lost. This led to the staging of her version of Giselle by the London Festival Ballet[note 24] in 1971. This version of Giselle has been praised as capturing the Romantic style and being closest to the 1841 original. It brought her international acclaim, not only with audiences, but also with scholars of dance.[33]: 1299 

Ballets directed by Skeaping[edit]

Berry lists the following ballets as being choreographed by Skeaping.[33]

  • 1953 Swan Lake (after Petipa, Ivanov: music by Tchaikovsky) with the Royal Swedish Ballet, Stockholm. Also staged by the Finnish National Opera and Ballet in 1953, by the Ballet Alicia Alonso in Cuba, 1954; and by the Bavarian State Opera Ballet, 1959.
  • 1953 Giselle (after Petipa, Coralli, and Perrot: music by Adam) with the Royal Swedish Ballet, Stockholm. Also staged by the Ballet Alicia Alonso, Cuba in 1954, by Ballet Frankfurt in 1968, by London Festival Ballet in 1971, by The Göteborg Ballet, Sweden in 1977, and by the West Australian Ballet in 1984.
  • 1955 The Sleeping Beauty (after Petipa: music by Tchaikovsky) with the Royal Swedish Ballet, Stockholm. Also staged by the Finnish National Opera and Ballet in 1955, by the American Ballet Theatre in 1976, and by Malmo Ballet in 1982.
  • 1956 Cupid out of his Humour (music by Purcell), Royal Swedish Ballet, Drottningholm Court Theatre, Sweden.
  • 1958 Coppelia (after Petipa, Cecchetti: music by Delibes); Royal Swedish Ballet, Stockholm.
  • 1964 Atis and Camilla (music by Roman), Royal Swedish Ballet, Drottningholm Court Theatre, Sweden.
  • 1965 The Return of Springtime (after F. Taglioni libretto: music by Bossi) with Ballet for All, London. Also staged by the Swedish Ballet in 1966.
  • 1967 The New Narcissus (with Cramer: music by Dupuy) with the Drottningholm Ballet, Sweden.
  • 1971 The Fishermen; or, The Girl from the Archipelago (with Cramer, after Antoine Bournonville libretto, 1789: music by Kraus) with the Royal Swedish Ballet, Drottningholm.
  • 1976 La Dansomanie (with Cramer, after Gardel libretto, 1800: music by Mehul, arranged by Farncombe) with the Royal Swedish Ballet in Drottningholm.
  • 1980 The False Phantom (with Cramer, after Terrade libretto) with the Cramer Ballet in Drottningholm.
  • 1981 Harlequin's Death (with Cramer, after Terrade libretto: music by anonymous) with the Royal Swedish Ballet in Drottningholm.

Awards[edit]

Skeaping received the following honours and awards:

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Joseph died at Rainhill Lunatic Asylum nine days after being admitted on 24 December 1901.[5]
  2. ^ His parents were the decorative wood carver Joseph Nairn Skeaping (baptised on 6 August 1829 – 1 January 1902)[4][5][note 1] and Mary Pollock Mathiason (baptised on 24 May 1835 – 14 March 1917) [6][7] Who had married at St. Philip's Church, Liverpool on 10 April 1853.[8]
  3. ^ Her parents were Thomas Swaine Rattenbury (6 June 1830 – 22 June 1877),[10][11] a grocer and cheeses monger of New Cross.[12][11] and grocer's shopwoman Sarah Rattenbury née Day (c. 1832 – 10 October 1898)[13].
  4. ^ After his death, Early Music carried two pages of tributes to him from 11 different persons.[15]
  5. ^ Appendicitis can lead to Peritonitis if the appendix bursts.[17][18]
  6. ^ Skeaping deeply felt the death of her elder sister, who had been very interested in dance. She attributed her death in part to the delay in getting Sally to hospital due to the lack of motor transport during the war.[20] Sally was buried near her home at Bexleyheath.[21]
  7. ^ In a 1978 interview, Skeaping told how the four children were going for a walk in the wood during what were school hours for other children when they were stopped by a truant office who enquired why they were not at school. Her eldest brother replied that they did not attend school. When the truant officer ungrammatically asked "who learns you then?", this proved the advantage to Skeaping of not attending school.[20]
  8. ^ John had a piano scholarship from age nine to eleven, before deciding to concentrate on art.[24]
  9. ^ This is nowhere near the famous Eton College, which has always been near Windsor in Berkshire.[25]
  10. ^ She had just that morning returned from a visit to South Africa about the "Windsor Castle" of the Union-Castle Mail Steamship Company.[26]
  11. ^ The company was formed by Sir Anton Dolin and Vera Nemchinova.[34]
  12. ^ One amusing facet of the season in the Netherlands was that one of the other five dancers was Elizabeth Hepworth, the younger sister of the sculptor Barbara Hepworth who was married to Skeaping's brother John. During the tour, Barbara abandoned the family home to run off with the painter Ben Nicholson, who was himself married at the time.[35]: 44 
  13. ^ Skeaping appeared as the Bird of Paradise in the seasonal pantomime at the Prince's Theatre, Bristol in December 1932.[36]
  14. ^ Skeaping toured music halls with the Jimmy Nervo and Teddy Knox roadshow appearing in the Hippodrome, Liverpool in January,[37] and twice nightly at the Portsmouth Hippodrome in May 1930.[38]
  15. ^ Some sources say that Skeaping was trapped in South Africa by the outbreak of war, and spent the war years there.[1] Her obituary in The Stage states that she went to teach in South Africa during the Second World War.[31] By contrast Steeh says that Skeaping was stranded in South America by the Second World War and spent her time teaching and giving recitals there, only returning to London in 1948.[39]
  16. ^ The first two of these were effectively the Army and Air service for women, while the second two had very large female contingents.
  17. ^ If true, and not just a reference to her presence in South Africa in 1939, this would account for the lack of mentions of Skeaping the British Newspaper Archive from the beginning of 1943 to the end of 1945.
  18. ^ Kinematograph Weekly called it a "Refreshing light-hearted children's film concerning a young girl who overcomes the difficulties of everyday life in order to become a famous ballerina."[50]
  19. ^ She had been a guest ballet mistress at the Royal Swedish Ballet in 1952.[33]: 1298 
  20. ^ The Drottningholm theatre was the only eighteenth-century perspective theatre still in use in the 1950s.[33]: 1299  It had been preserved accidentally through being used a granary and lumber room over time.[53]
  21. ^ Skeaping's obituary in The Times incorrectly gives the date of the visit as 1965.[29] However, Skeaping was no longer director of the Royal Swedish Ballet in 1965, and the state visits made by Queen Elizabeth II in 1965 were to Ethiopia and Germany,[54] and the Queen saw the ballet during her 1956 state visit.[55]
  22. ^ There was presumably Balett på Stockholmsoperan written with Anna Greta Ståhle in 1979, and Der Svenske hovbaletten with Ivo Cramér in 1893.
  23. ^ The Radcliffe Trust is one of Britain's oldest charities, founded in 1714 by the will of Dr John Radcliffe. The Radcliffe Trust continues to administer his charitable bequest to this day through the support of Music and Heritage and Crafts[56]
  24. ^ Now known as the English National Ballet
  25. ^ Note that The Oxford Dictionary of Dance gives the year of award of this medal as 1980, however the official list gives it as 1981.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Brinson, Peter (1998). "Skeaping, Mary". International encyclopedia of dance: a project of Dance Perspectives Foundation, Inc. Vol. 5. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 603–604. Retrieved 27 November 2020 – via The Internet Archive.
  2. ^ a b c d National Archives (29 September 1939). 1939 Register: Reference: RG 101/238C: E.D. AKBK. Kew: National Archives.
  3. ^ "Tadworth: Old Resident's Passing". Surrey Mirror (Friday 24 May 1946): 7. 24 May 1946. Retrieved 17 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  4. ^ "Year Range 1820-1829: Baptisms in St. Peter's Liverpool in the Year 1829, No. 160, 6 August 1829, Joseph Nairn Skeaping.". Lancashire, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1911. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com. 2012.
  5. ^ a b The National Archives (2014). "Class: MH 94; Piece: 37, Admission Serial No. 21693, admitted to Rainhill on 24 December 1901". UK, Lunacy Patients Admission Registers, 1846-1912. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com.
  6. ^ "Year Range 1830-1839: Baptisms Solmenised at St. John's Church in the Parish of Liverpool in the Year 1835, No. 617, 24 May 1835, Mary Pollick Mathiason". Lancashire, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1911. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com. 2012.
  7. ^ "Death". Liverpool Echo (Thursday 15 March 1917): 2. 15 March 1917. Retrieved 18 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  8. ^ Liverpool Record Office. "1853 Marriage Solemnized at St. Philip's Church in the parish of Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster: No 324: 10 April 1853: Joseph Skeaping: Year Range 1891-1854: Ref. N. 283 PLP/3/14". Liverpool, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1935. Ancestry.com. p. 162.
  9. ^ "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  10. ^ "Baptisms solenmized in the Parish of St. John, Horeelydown, in the county of Surrey in the year 1830: No 150: 6 June 1830: Thomas Swaine Rattenbury". England, Select Births and Christenings, 1538-1975. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com. 2014. p. 361.
  11. ^ a b "Wills and Probates 1858-1996: Pages for Rattenbury and the year of death 1877". Find a Will Service. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  12. ^ London Metropolitan Archives (2010). "Year 1869-1916: Reference Number P75/ALL/001: Baptisms solenmized in the Parish of All Saints, Hatcham Park in the county of Surrey in the year 1881.". London, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1917. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com. p. 144.
  13. ^ "Wills and Probates 1858-1996: Pages for Rattenbury and the year of death 1898". Find a Will Service. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  14. ^ "Wills and Probates 1858-1996: Pages for Skeaping and the year of death 1978". Find a Will Service. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  15. ^ Boyden, David; Dyson, Ruth; Loveday, Alan; Dolmetsch, Nathalie; Ryan, Jane; Malcolm, George; Mackintosh, Catherine; Ring, Christine; Ring, Layton; Dodd, Gordon (1 April 1978). "Tributes to Kenneth Skeaping 1897-1977". Early Music. 6 (2): 279, 281. doi:10.1093/earlyj/6.2.279. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  16. ^ London Metropolitan Archives. "Birth and Baptismal Register for Leytonstone Presbyterian Church: Ref No. LMA/4333/A/003: 3 December 1899: Sally Skeaping". London, England, Non-conformist Registers, 1694-1931.
  17. ^ "Appendicitis: Symptoms and Causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  18. ^ "Peritonitis: Symptoms and Causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  19. ^ "Entry No. 39 for Sally Skeaping on 9 January 1916". 1916 Deaths in the sub-district of Christ Church and St. Saviour in the Country of London. London: General Registry Office. 1916.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h Skeaping, Mary Emma; Reiner, Susan (1978). "Sound Recording: Susan Reiner interview with Mary Skeaping, 1978 (approx. 4 hours and 39 minutes in 9 sides)". Digital Collections, The New York Public Library. New York: The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations. Retrieved 22 November 2020. {{cite web}}: External link in |volume= (help)
  21. ^ Bexley Local Studies and Archive Centre (2015). "Registers of Burials in the Burial Ground of Bexleyheath: Ref No. LABX/DA/2/1/2: No. 3515: Sally Skeaping, age 16, 13 January 1916.". Bexley, Kent, England, Cemetery Registers, 1879-1985. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com.
  22. ^ "Obituary: Mr John Skeaping, Sculptor in variety of stones and woods". The Times (Thursday 6 March 1980): 18. 6 March 1980. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  23. ^ Frances Spalding (1990). 20th Century Painters and Sculptors. Antique Collectors' Club. ISBN 1-85149-106-6.
  24. ^ a b Blackwood, Jonathan (2011). "Skeaping as Student, Teacher and Traveller". The Sculpture of John Skeaping. London: Lund Humphries. p. 7.
  25. ^ Cust, Lionel (1899). A history of Eton college. London: Duckworth. p. 4. Retrieved 23 November 2020 – via The Internet Archive.
  26. ^ a b National Archives (29 September 1939). "Incoming Passengers, RMS Windsor Castle, Capetown to Southampton.". Board of Trade: Commercial and Statistical Department and successors: Inwards Passenger Lists.; Class: BT26; Piece: 1186.
  27. ^ Ancestry.com (2012). "Name and Descriptions of British passengers embarked at the port of Southampton on board the Nieuw Amsterdam of the Holland America Line departing 9 May 1951 for New York". UK and Ireland, Outward Passenger Lists, 1890-1960. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com.
  28. ^ "Notices under the Trustee Act 1925, s. 27" (49653). 21 February 1984: 2562. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  29. ^ a b c d e f "Obituary: Miss Mary Skeaping, Ballet director and producer". The Times (Friday 10 February 1984): 16. 10 February 1984. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  30. ^ "Wills and Probates 1858-1996: Pages for Skeaping and the year of death 1984". Find a Will Service. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
  31. ^ a b c d e "Obituaries: Mary Skeaping". The Stage (Thursday 23 February 1984): 8. 23 February 1984. Retrieved 23 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  32. ^ "Dancing: More Ballroom Terms Explained". Liverpool Echo (Wednesday 19 October 1938): 6. 19 October 1938. Retrieved 28 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Berry, Irmgard E. (1993). "Skeaping, Mary". In Bremser, Martha; Nicholas, Larraine; Shrimpton, Leanda (eds.). International Dictionary of Ballet. Vol. 2: L-Z. Detroit: St. James Press. pp. 1298–1299. Retrieved 27 November 2020 – via The Internet Archive.
  34. ^ "Overview: Vera Nemchinova (1899-1984)". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  35. ^ a b c Browse, Lilian (1999). Duchess of Cork Street: The autobiography of an art dealer. London: Giles de la Mare. ISBN 9781900357142. Retrieved 29 November 2020 – via The Internet Archive.
  36. ^ "Robinsone Crusoe at Bristol". The Era (Friday 30 December 1932): 40. 30 December 1932. Retrieved 29 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  37. ^ "Music Hall Marks". Liverpool Echo (Friday 3 January 1930): 14. 3 January 1930. Retrieved 29 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  38. ^ "Hippodrome Advert". Portsmouth Evening News (Wednesday 21 May 1930): 2. 21 May 1930. Retrieved 29 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  39. ^ a b Steeth, Judith A. (1982). History of ballet and modern dance. New York: Galahad Books. p. 126. Retrieved 27 November 2020 – via The Internet Archive.
  40. ^ "Advertisement of a dance Recital". Perthshire Advertiser (Saturday 7 June 1941): 3. 7 June 1941. Retrieved 26 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  41. ^ "Advertisement for Grand Concert of Music and Ballet". Cornishman (Thursday 19 March 1942): 1. 19 March 1942. Retrieved 26 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  42. ^ "Men and Affairs: Artist Adventurers". The Scotsman (Thursday 9 July 1942): 4. 9 July 1942. Retrieved 26 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  43. ^ "Nursing Service". Bury Free Press (Saturday 14 November 1942): 10. 14 November 1942. Retrieved 26 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  44. ^ Reyna, Ferdinando; Gateau, Andre (1974). Concise encyclopedia of ballet. Chicago: Follet. p. 207. ISBN 9780695804701. Retrieved 27 November 2020 – via The Internet Archive.
  45. ^ "The Chichester Ballet Club: Annual Meeting". Chichester Observer (Saturday 19 January 1946): 1. 19 January 1946. Retrieved 27 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  46. ^ "Kine Call Board: Technical Credits for Current Productions". Kinematograph Weekly (Thursday 23 January 1947): 46. 23 January 1947. Retrieved 27 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  47. ^ "British Production Schedules at a Glance". Kinematograph Weekly (Thursday 3 April 1947): 46. 3 April 1947. Retrieved 29 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  48. ^ "Mayor to see children's film". Peterborough Standard (Friday 26 September 1947): 8. 26 September 1947. Retrieved 29 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  49. ^ "The Little Ballerina (1947)". IMDb. 10 November 1947. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  50. ^ "Reviews: The Little Ballerina". Kinematograph Weekly (Thursday 11 September 1947): 19. 11 September 1947. Retrieved 29 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  51. ^ "To-day's Radio". Western Daily Press (Monday 30 October 1933): 9. 30 October 1933. Retrieved 29 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  52. ^ a b Nicholas, Larraine (1993). "The Royal Swedish Ballet". In Bremser, Martha; Nicholas, Larraine; Shrimpton, Leanda (eds.). International Dictionary of Ballet. Vol. 2: L-Z. Detroit: St. James Press. pp. 1221–1222. Retrieved 27 November 2020 – via The Internet Archive.
  53. ^ Lorraine, Philip L. (1964). Drottningholm Court Theatre. Stockholm: Föreningen Drottningholmsteaterns Vänner. Retrieved 30 November 2020 – via Google Books.
  54. ^ Titchmarsh, Alan (2012). Elizabeth: Her Life, Our Times. London: BBC Books. p. 131. ISBN 9781448141555. Retrieved 30 November 2020 – via Google Books.
  55. ^ "Queen at 18th century theatre". Belfast Telegraph (Friday 15 June 1956): 3. 15 June 1956. Retrieved 30 November 2020 – via The British Newspaper Archive.
  56. ^ "Home". The Radcliffe Trust. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  57. ^ Magri, Gennaro; Skeaping, Mary; Ivanova, Anna; Berry, Irmgard E. (1988). Berry, Irmgard E.; Fox, Annalisa (eds.). Theoretical and practical treatise on dancing. London: Dance Books.
  58. ^ Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood (3 June 1958). "To be Ordinary Members of the Civil Division of the said Most Escellent Order". The London Gazette (41404 Supplement): 3532. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
  59. ^ "Sök ordens- och medaljförläningar: Namn Skeaping". Sveriges Kungahus. Retrieved 23 November 2020.

External links[edit]

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