Margaret Hotchkiss

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Margaret Hotchkiss
Alma materYale University
Scientific career
InstitutionsUniversity of Kentucky
ThesisThe influence of various salts upon the growth of bacterium communities (1922)

Margaret Hotchkiss was a distinguished professor at the University of Kentucky. She is a microbiologist known for her work on bacteria in seawater and sewage, and fungi that cause disease. In 1957, she was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology.

Education and career[edit]

Hotchkiss grew up in Brooklyn, New York, and graduated from Packer Collegiate Institute and Vassar College.[1] In 1922, Hotchkiss earned a Ph.D. from Yale University.[2] Hotchkiss worked at New York Medical College for seventeen years.[1][3] She also worked at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution as a visiting researcher, and was a bacteriologist at the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, and the Department of Health in Paterson, New Jersey.[3] In 1945 Hotchkiss joined the faculty at the University of Kentucky,[3] where she was promoted to associate professor in 1946.[4] She later became the head of the mycology department at the University of Kentucky,[5] and was named a distinguished professor in 1962.[1][6] Hotchkiss also served as the head of Sigma Xi,[1][6] and the head of the Kentucky-Tennessee branch of the Society of American Bacteriologists.[7][8] In 1964, Hotchkiss retired from teaching but continued conducting research.[9][10]

Research[edit]

For her Ph.D., Hotchkiss investigated the positive and negative effects of cations on bacterial growth.[11] She then worked with Selman Waksman to assess whether bacteria in sea water could grow[12] and differences in data obtained from visual examination of bacteria compared to growth of bacteria on agar plates.[13] Her marine research included investigations into the nitrogen cycle mediated by bacteria in seawater,[14] and in 1946 she continued her interest in seawater bacteria when she reviewed Claude ZoBell's Marine Microbiology book.[15] Her subsequent research examined hexosidases in Escherichia coli,[16] and the bacterial community in Imhoff tanks[17] that are used for processing sewage.[18] Having become interested in fungi that cause disease while working in New York,[8] she later published on the bacteria found in the human mouth,[19] and biomedical research on histoplasmosis[20] and Nocardia.[21] After retiring from teaching, she focused on using a precision microtome to slice through bacterial cells[8] and investigated the internal structure of bacteria.[22][23]

Selected publications[edit]

  • Hotchkiss, Margaret (March 1923). "Studies on Salt Action Vi. The Stimulating and Inhibitive Effect of Certain Cations Upon Bacterial Growth". Journal of Bacteriology. 8 (2): 141–162. doi:10.1128/jb.8.2.141-162.1923. PMC 379008. PMID 16558991.
  • Waksman, Selman A.; Hotchkiss, Margaret; Carey, Cornelia L. (1 October 1933). "Marine bacteria and their role in the cycle of life in the sea: II. bacteria concerned in the cycle of nitrogen in the sea". The Biological Bulletin. 65 (2): 137–167. doi:10.2307/1537170. ISSN 0006-3185. JSTOR 1537170.
  • Waksman, Selman A.; Reuszer, H. W.; Carey, Cornelia L.; Hotchkiss, Margaret; Renn, C. E. (1933). "Studies on the Biology and Chemistry of the Gulf of Maine. III. Bacteriological Investigations of the Sea Water and Marine Bottoms". Biological Bulletin. 64 (2): 183–205. doi:10.2307/1537228. ISSN 0006-3185. JSTOR 1537228.
  • Waksman, Selman A.; Hotchkiss, Margaret (1937). "On the oxidation of organic matter in marine sediments by bacteria". Journal of Marine Research. 78 (3): 151–166. doi:10.1357/002224020834162176 (inactive 2024-04-25). S2CID 240184203.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (link)
  • Young, Barbara Burns; Hotchkiss, Margaret (1959-11-01). "Developmental morphology in the genus Nocardia". Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata. 11 (4): 297–310. doi:10.1007/BF02089505. ISSN 1573-0832. PMID 13846606. S2CID 2900587.

Awards and honors[edit]

In 1957, Hotchkiss was a elected a charter fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology.[24] In 1959, she was named to Who's Who to honor her contribution to education.[25] The University of Kentucky named her as the 1962-1963 distinguished professor.[26] She was elected a fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences.[9][when?]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d "Dr. Hotchkiss is selected UK distinguished professor". The Lexington Herald. 1962-05-26. p. 1. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  2. ^ Hotchkiss, Margaret (1922). The influence of various salts upon the growth of bacterium communis (Thesis). New Haven, Conn.: Yale University. OCLC 83820136.
  3. ^ a b c "Margaret Hotchkiss". Lexington Herald-Leader. 1965-05-09. p. 87. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  4. ^ "Appointment Listed". The Lexington Herald. 1946-06-05. p. 2. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  5. ^ "Chiropodists to elect today". The Lexington Herald. 1960-05-01. p. 2. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  6. ^ a b "Dr. Hotchkiss". The Lexington Herald. 1962-05-26. p. 10. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  7. ^ "Dr. Hotchkiss to head bacteriology society". The Lexington Herald. 1948-10-26. p. 15. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  8. ^ a b c "Encourage students to face change, Dr. Hotchkiss says". The Lexington Herald. 1963-04-03. p. 15. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  9. ^ a b "Dr. Hotchkiss, retiring, will continue research". Lexington Herald-Leader. 1964-01-20. p. 13. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  10. ^ "UK microbiologist says research work to continue". The Lexington Herald. 1964-01-20. p. 6. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  11. ^ Hotchkiss, Margaret (March 1923). "Studies on Salt Action Vi. The Stimulating and Inhibitive Effect of Certain Cations Upon Bacterial Growth". Journal of Bacteriology. 8 (2): 141–162. doi:10.1128/jb.8.2.141-162.1923. PMC 379008. PMID 16558991.
  12. ^ Waksman, Selman A.; Hotchkiss, Margaret (1937). "Viability of Bacteria in Sea Water". Journal of Bacteriology. 33 (4): 389–400. doi:10.1128/jb.33.4.389-400.1937. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 545103. PMID 16560007.
  13. ^ Hotchkiss, Margaret; Waksman, Selman A. (1936). "Correlative Studies of Microscopic and Plate Methods for Evaluating the Bacterial Population of the Sea". Journal of Bacteriology. 32 (4): 423–432. doi:10.1128/jb.32.4.423-432.1936. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 543808. PMID 16559963.
  14. ^ Waksman, Selman A.; Hotchkiss, Margaret; Carey, Cornelia L. (1 October 1933). "Marine bacteria and their role in the cycle of life in the sea: II. bacteria concerned in the cycle of nitrogen in the sea". The Biological Bulletin. 65 (2): 137–167. doi:10.2307/1537170. ISSN 0006-3185. JSTOR 1537170.<ref> In sediments, she examined how bacteria change organic matter into carbon dioxide. <ref>Waksman, Selman A.; Hotchkiss, Margaret (1937). "On the oxidation of organic matter in marine sediments by bacteria". Journal of Marine Research. 78 (3): 151–166. doi:10.1357/002224020834162176 (inactive 2024-04-25). S2CID 240184203.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (link)
  15. ^ Hotchkiss, Margaret (1946). ZoBell, Claude E. (ed.). "Bacteria of the Ocean". The Scientific Monthly. 63 (3): 239–240. ISSN 0096-3771. JSTOR 18892.
  16. ^ Hotchkiss, Margaret (1935). "Evidence on the Specificity of Hexosidases A Comparison of the Activity of Escherichia coli and Escherichia communior". Journal of Bacteriology. 29 (4): 391–398. doi:10.1128/jb.29.4.391-398.1935. ISSN 0021-9193. OCLC 9173572015. PMC 543607. PMID 16559798.
  17. ^ Hotchkiss, Margaret; Murray, T. J. (1923). "The Relative Prevalence of Bacteria in an Imhoff Tank". American Journal of Public Health. 13 (7): 562–567. doi:10.2105/AJPH.13.7.562. ISSN 0271-4353. PMC 1354529. PMID 18010986.
  18. ^ Hotchkiss, Margaret (1924). "Studies on the Biology of Sewage Disposal a Sprinkling Filter Bed and ITS Bacteriological Population". Journal of Bacteriology. 9 (5): 455–461. doi:10.1128/jb.9.5.455-461.1924. ISSN 0021-9193. OCLC 9173591982. PMC 379072. PMID 16559061.
  19. ^ Hotchkiss, Margaret (1931). Review of current dental literature; Presence of fusiform bacilli and spirochetes in mouths of a group of young adults. Philadelphia : : S.S. White Dental Manufacturing Co. OCLC 658038959.
  20. ^ McClellan, James T.; Scherr, George H.; Hotchkiss, Margaret (1951). "A clinical, pathological, and mycological study of a fatal case of histoplasmosis in an infant". Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata. 6 (2): 86–91. doi:10.1007/BF02279181. ISSN 0301-486X. PMID 14941019. S2CID 35460355.
  21. ^ Young, Barbara Burns; Hotchkiss, Margaret (1959-11-01). "Developmental morphology in the genus nocardia". Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata. 11 (4): 297–310. doi:10.1007/BF02089505. ISSN 1573-0832. PMID 13846606. S2CID 2900587.
  22. ^ Edwards, O.F.; Hotchkiss, Margaret (1963). "DEVELOPMENTAL CYCLE OF AEROBIC ACTINOMYCTETES AS DEMONSTRATED IN ULTRATHIN SECTIONS". Journal of Applied Physics. 34 (8): 2528.
  23. ^ Hotchkiss, Margaret; Edwards, O.F. (1958). "THE MORPHOLOGICAL DETAILS OF NOCARDIA AS SEEN WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 7 (2): 248. ISSN 0002-9637.
  24. ^ "UK Bacteriologists Selected For Honor". The Dawson Springs Progress. 1957-03-21. p. 10. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  25. ^ "Who's Who Names 11 UK Women". The Kentucky Kernel. April 7, 1959. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
  26. ^ "Clipped From Auburn News". Auburn News. 1962-06-06. p. 4. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
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