Loufan County
Loufan
娄烦县 | |
|---|---|
 Location in Taiyuan | |
  Loufan Location of the seat in Shanxi | |
| Coordinates: 38°04′07″N 111°47′51″E / 38.06861°N 111.79750°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shanxi |
| Prefecture-level city | Taiyuan |
| Population (2020[1]) | 91,208 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Loufan County | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 婁煩縣 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 娄烦县 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Loufan County is a county of Shanxi Province, North China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Taiyuan, the capital of the province. It is the westernmost county-level division of Taiyuan.
Name[edit]
Loufan is named for the Loufan Kingdom (婁煩 Lóufán < Eastern Han Chinese *l(i)o-buɑn < Old Chinese *ro-ban 620 BCE ?, ca.; 307 BCE)[2] in ancient China during the Warring States period, which was conquered by the state of Zhao in two campaigns in 306 and 304 BC after the adoption of nomad (Hu) weapons and customs by the King Wuling of Zhao.[3] During Emperor Gaozu of Han's time, Loufan were associated with the Xiongnu.[4]
History[edit]
Loufan County formed part of Yanmen Commandery under the Qin and Han. Its former seat is now located in Ningwu County[5] in Xinzhou Prefecture.
Climate[edit]
| Climate data for Loufan, elevation 1,150 m (3,770 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 11.6 (52.9) |
21.1 (70.0) |
25.9 (78.6) |
34.2 (93.6) |
34.7 (94.5) |
38.9 (102.0) |
37.1 (98.8) |
35.3 (95.5) |
34.8 (94.6) |
27.9 (82.2) |
22.0 (71.6) |
14.9 (58.8) |
38.9 (102.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.1 (34.0) |
5.1 (41.2) |
11.2 (52.2) |
18.6 (65.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
28.0 (82.4) |
29.0 (84.2) |
26.9 (80.4) |
22.5 (72.5) |
16.4 (61.5) |
8.8 (47.8) |
2.2 (36.0) |
16.2 (61.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −7.6 (18.3) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
3.1 (37.6) |
10.5 (50.9) |
16.5 (61.7) |
20.5 (68.9) |
22.3 (72.1) |
20.3 (68.5) |
15.1 (59.2) |
8.4 (47.1) |
0.8 (33.4) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
8.4 (47.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −14.0 (6.8) |
−10.1 (13.8) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
2.7 (36.9) |
8.5 (47.3) |
13.3 (55.9) |
16.6 (61.9) |
15.0 (59.0) |
9.3 (48.7) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
1.9 (35.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −24.8 (−12.6) |
−22.0 (−7.6) |
−16.6 (2.1) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
3.6 (38.5) |
9.1 (48.4) |
6.5 (43.7) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
−19.4 (−2.9) |
−26.8 (−16.2) |
−26.8 (−16.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1.6 (0.06) |
4.0 (0.16) |
8.8 (0.35) |
22.9 (0.90) |
33.0 (1.30) |
56.3 (2.22) |
103.9 (4.09) |
103.0 (4.06) |
58.8 (2.31) |
27.1 (1.07) |
9.9 (0.39) |
1.6 (0.06) |
430.9 (16.97) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.9 | 2.6 | 3.7 | 5.4 | 6.7 | 10.2 | 13.6 | 11.9 | 9.3 | 6.4 | 3.8 | 1.4 | 76.9 |
| Average snowy days | 2.7 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 17.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 51 | 48 | 44 | 43 | 45 | 55 | 68 | 73 | 71 | 63 | 58 | 52 | 56 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 195.7 | 190.7 | 222.4 | 234.8 | 260.1 | 245.9 | 222.9 | 206.7 | 186.9 | 204.8 | 192.2 | 193.6 | 2,556.7 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 64 | 62 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 56 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 60 | 64 | 66 | 58 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][7] | |||||||||||||
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
- ^ Shānxī: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
- ^ Schuessler, Axel (2014). "Phonological Notes on Hàn Period Transcriptions of Foreign Names and Words". Studies in Chinese and Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Dialect, Phonology, Transcription and Text. Language and Linguistics Monograph Series. Taipei, Taiwan: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica (53). p. 266
- ^ Sima Qian, Shiji, Genealogies of Zhao: "King Wuling"
- ^ Shiji, "Stories about Liu Jing and Shusun Tong"; text: "劉敬從匈奴來，因言「匈奴河南白羊、樓煩王，去長安近者七百里..."; translation: "Liu Jing, having come [back] from the Xiongnu, consequently said: 'The kings of the White Sheep and Loufan Xiongnu, south of the Yellow River, are nearby, [just] 700 li from Chang'an..."
- ^ Xiong (2009), s.v. "Huiyuan".
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
Bibliography[edit]
- www.xzqh.org (in Chinese)
- Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2009), Historical Dictionary of Medieval China, Historical Dictionaries of Ancient Civilizations and Historical Eras, No. 19, Lanham: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 9780810860537.
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